Ant Country plot plan. Characteristics of the work “Ant Country” by A. Tvardovsky

One of early works A. T. Tvardovsky, with whom he announced himself in literature, was the poem “The Country of Ant” (1934-1936), dedicated to collectivization.

The poet viewed work on the work as a social order. In the year of a sharp change in economic relations in the village, the peasant was required to finally and irrevocably abandon the old individual farm and move to a collective farm. Tvardovsky understood the irreversibility historical process and the need for collectivization in the current conditions, therefore his work contains motives “for” collective farming in the countryside.

However, along the way, as a writer, Tvardovsky explores the village and its inhabitants. It is important for the author to show people why others resist collectivization and what the point is. Among the gallery of characters presented in the poem “The Country of Ant” there are kulaks, bandits, ardent adherents of antiquity, and those who are afraid of future changes, and those who simply want happiness - in their own understanding. The latter includes main character"Ants" - Nikita Morgunok. He is not against the collective farm, but he is afraid that he will live poorly on the collective farm. There is a strong conviction in this middle-aged man that he must become a strong master before the age of forty. If you don’t have time, then you will vegetate in poverty. But Morgunk has his own idea of a strong economy: he sees such an economy primarily as an individual one. Live like this for at least a year, and then you can safely go to the collective farm.

A middle peasant, he wants to become a rural rich man. This is possible, according to rumors, in the country of Ant. And Nikita sets out in search of the mysterious Muravskaya country, where everyone lives “on their own” and everything is rich. Depicting the vicissitudes of Morgunk's difficult path, the author shows the absurdity of such searches, as well as the fact that people like Nikita do not understand the changes taking place around them.

Understanding comes to Morgunk only when he moves away from the kulak environment, which he once envied, and approaches the collective farmers. Getting closer to their life and work, Morgunok begins to more fully realize the advantages of his new life. He understands that the sole owner is now out of work, the collective farmer becomes the true owner of the village - the one who keeps up with the times, no matter how difficult this path is. And Nikita Morgunok makes his choice as a person who loves and respects work.

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“The Country of Ant” is considered the work from which Tvardovsky’s true literary career began. The poem was warmly received not only by critics, but also recognized by a large circle of readers. And indeed, the poem touched upon those problems that were topical or, at least, were still very fresh in the memory of millions of people. The theme of collectivization, its consequences, the theme of the Russian land, the Russian peasantry - this is an incomplete list of issues raised in the poem.

The title of the poem - “The Country of Ant” - is the ideal of social life that not only Morgunok, but also every peasant, is looking for, and more in a broad sense every Russian person in the depths of his soul. Russian people, like no one else, tend to strive for ideals. And for the sake of this ideal, he is ready to endure a lot and for a long time. This is what the builders of communism were counting on. But the author allegorically says that the country of Ant is a myth. The myth invented by the Bolsheviks is unlikely to come to life; most likely, this experiment is doomed to failure. Tvardovsky debunks the ideals of communism, says that through blood and destruction, through violence, one cannot lead a person to happiness. You cannot build happiness on the misfortune of others, on violence.

So, Nikita Morgunok goes in search of a certain illusory country of Ant, which he often heard about from his grandfather. The main incentives guiding Nikita come from his attachment to the earth. He did not want to go to the collective farm, to work for everyone, and not for himself. And therefore he is looking for that country where “the land in length and breadth is its own all around.”

Morgunok is presented by Tvardovsky as collective image Russian peasant. He is a hardworking, thrifty, strong man who has lived his entire life by honest labor. And if it weren’t for the war, famine and other troubles, he would now be living happily. Through Nikita's eyes, the author lovingly looks at the ground, at the unmown wheat. He happily takes up work, which he missed, and helps on the collective farm. The land is alive for the Russian peasant:

Earth!... From the moisture of the snow It is still fresh. She wanders by herself and breathes like deja.

This is a nurse, this is a dear mother! It is in her name that Nikita makes his journey. The horse is harnessed with the master's hand:

That was a horse - there are no such horses! Not a horse, but a man.

The entire economy rested on the horse, right down to the very last nail in the wall. And how he loved and took care of his horse Morgu-nok! It is around the horse that all subsequent action unfolds. And therefore this image is quite symbolic. This is the personification of the entire peasant economy. It is bitter to think that for the sake of a ghostly country, a comfortable future, the peasant is losing everything that he has already earned with blood and sweat. This refers the reader to the reality that came after the formation of collective farms. Captivated by the idea of a bright life, and sometimes even forced, people brought all their livestock to the collective farm. But to whom did they give their blood wealth, their breadwinner - a cow, their breadwinner - a horse? People who did not know their business at all came to manage the farm, hiding behind the mask of an all-knowing and educated boss their complete illiteracy and ignorance in matters of farming. And they brought only losses.

Tvardovsky also draws attention to other heroes who played an important role in the historical process. One of these heroes is a priest - a collective image of the Russian clergy. The author debunks the hitherto inviolable image of the Russian priest, spiritual father. There is both irony and allegory here. Tvardovsky's priest wanders, reasoning not at all according to the Bible. And it’s not at all according to the biblical commandments that he steals a horse. On the one hand, this is explained by strict ideological censorship, on the other hand, by the actual debunking of the ideal of the clergy.

The idea of the destructiveness of collectivization and its terrible consequences could not be expressed directly during the years of creation of the poem, and therefore Tvardovsky resorts to allegory. He shows pictures of the prosperity of collective farms, all his workers are open, serious, a little harsh people, with a clearly expressed love of work, almost ideal. The author, moreover, seems to lend himself to idealization: he shows Nikita’s amazement when he sees Chairman Frolov easily lifting weights that are too heavy for one person. And the poem itself ends with the enlightenment of Nikita, who has finally decided to join the collective farm. The work is completely suitable for the literature of that time, and censorship could not find fault with the poem. A allegorical meaning easy to catch.

Plan

Nikita Morgunok is going in search of the country of Muravia, where there are no collective farms, where all the land is personal, private property.
He stops by to say goodbye to the matchmaker.
On the way, he first meets a priest who invites him to ride with him and earn money. And then he sees his neighbor Ivan Kuzmich, feeding on alms. Material from the site
A neighbor steals Nikita's horse. Nikita travels further, but already harnessed to the cart. Only once did he see his horse from that same priest, but he did not have time to catch up.
He sees gypsies who do not have their stallion. At the market he sees Ivan Kuzmich, but without a horse, he catches him, but he deftly escapes from Nikita’s hands.
Nikita ends up on a collective farm, where work is in full swing, the collective farm is thriving.
Morgunok ends up in the village of Ostrov. Theoretically, this is exactly the country of Ant that he dreamed of so much. Here the land is in the hands of the peasants, no one puts pressure on them. But the entire village is in great ruin.
Morgunok returns to the collective farm and meets the chairman, Frolov. The wedding begins. The priest also comes to see her. Recognizing him, Nikita rushes out into the street and sees his Gray.
Nikita moves on. He asks a wise old man who came across him along the way about the country of Ant. The old man replies that there is no such country.
Nikita decides to join the collective farm.

One of A. T. Tvardovsky’s early works, with which he made a name for himself in literature, was the poem “The Country of Ant” (1934-1936), dedicated to collectivization.

The poet viewed work on the work as a social order. In the year of a sharp change in economic relations in the village, the peasant was required to finally and irrevocably abandon the old individual farm and move to a collective farm. Tvardovsky understood the irreversibility of the historical process and the need for collectivization in the current conditions, therefore his work contains motives “for” collective farming in the countryside.

The latter includes the main character of “Ant” - Nikita Morgunok. He is not against the collective farm, but he is afraid that he will live poorly on the collective farm. There is a strong conviction in this middle-aged man that he must become a strong master before the age of forty. If you don’t have time, then you will vegetate in poverty. But Morgunk has his own idea of a strong economy: he sees such an economy primarily as an individual one. Live like this for at least a year, and then you can safely go to the collective farm.

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I wrote “The Country of Ant” in 1934 - 1936, and its first separate edition published in 1936 by the Smolensk publishing house. I lived then in Smolensk, regional center my native land, studied at pedagogical institute and at the same time collaborated in local newspapers: “Rabochy Put” and “Smolenskaya Derevnye”.

This poem was my fifth book. Before her, I had already published the poems “The Path to Socialism” and “Introduction”, a book of prose “Diary of a Collective Farm Chairman” and “Collected Poems”. All this was devoted exclusively to the topic of collective farm construction that occupied me then. I traveled a lot as a newspaper worker, writing correspondence, essays, articles, poems and stories. I had a thorough understanding of all the affairs of the village at that time, not only because I myself came from the village, but especially because everything that happened there during the years of the “great turning point” constituted for me the most acute interest and task of life. This revolution in agriculture, in everything way of life millions was for me in my youth approximately what the Great October Revolution was for the older generation of our people socialist revolution and civil war.

Everything written and printed during these years, as well as my working notes and unwritten impressions of trips, meetings, etc. - all this was, as it were, preparation for “The Country of Ant”.
But I conceived this thing under direct influence from the outside, it was suggested to me by A. A. Fadeev, although this hint was not addressed to me personally and did not have in mind the genre of the poem. I consider the beginning of my work on Ant, the first approach to it, to be October 1, 1934, when I wrote in my diary the following extract from Fadeev’s speech that appeared in print:

“Take the 3rd volume of “Whetstones” - “With a Firm Tread.” There is one place there about Nikita Guryanov, a middle peasant who, when a collective farm was organized, did not agree to go to the collective farm, harnessed a nag and rode on a cart throughout the country to look for places where there was no industrialization and collectivization. He traveled for a long time, visited Dneprostroy, the Black Sea coast, and kept looking for places where there was no collective farm, no industry, but he couldn’t find it. The little horse lost weight, he himself became haggard and gray. It turned out that he had no other path except the collective farm one, and he returned to his collective farm at the very moment when the chairman of the collective farm was returning home from some business trip on an airplane. All this is told by Panferov on several pages among other insignificant material. Meanwhile, it would be possible not to write everything else, but to write a novel about precisely this man, the last small owner, traveling around the country in search of a corner where there is no collective socialist labor, and forced to return to his collective farm - to work with everyone. If we introduce elements of convention here (as in the adventures of Don Quixote), force a man to ride a nag from the Black Sea to the Arctic Ocean and from the Baltic Sea to Pacific Ocean, from chapter to chapter bring him together with various nationalities and nationalities, with engineers and scientists, with air navigators and polar explorers - then, if done well, the result would be a novel of such generalization power that would eclipse Don Quixote, for the transformation of one hundred millions of property owners into socialists is a more serious matter than the replacement of feudal lords by the bourgeoisie.”

The significance of this advice and the call of the senior writer was, of course, not that I really intended to write a work that would eclipse Don Quixote. By the way, this expression by Fadeev is an echo of the naive “theory” of “catching up and overtaking the classics,” which was in circulation in literary circles in those years.
The point was simply that I very warmly perceived the possibility of this plot, taken from the book of one writer and presented in this spirit by another writer, to express the personal life material that I had in abundance, to fulfill the urgent need that was then overwhelming me: tell me what I know about the peasant and the collective farm.

This story of the conception of Ant, in my opinion, is of some interest, at least as one example of the diverse connections and mutual influences in our Soviet literature.

For “The Country of Ant,” I took this plot motif (a man setting off on his horse in search of a country where there are no collective farms), although far from being in the sense of an extensive travel novel, as Fadeev interpreted it. In addition, the name “Country of Ant” was taken - this is Panferov’s name for the country that Nikita Guryanov was looking for. The name of my hero also coincides with the name of Guryanov, while the surname - Morgunok - is the nickname of a peasant who lived in a neighboring village, a friend of my father.

What is “Ant Country” in the original sense of these words? I receive from readers and especially from students high school and teachers native language and literature there are many letters asking for clarification of this word or confirmation of the guesses and interpretations that were proposed in these letters. Roughly: isn't this Moravia, an Region located in Czechoslovakia? Doesn't this word have the same root as the word "ant" and doesn't it symbolize a friendly teamwork and life like an ant family? Doesn't it come from the word "murava" - grass-murava, giving rise to the idea of the springtime fertile greenery of grass and seedlings?

It seems to me that the last assumption does not contradict the spirit and meaning of this name, but the word Ant, generally speaking, is not invented. It is taken from peasant mythology and most likely means some kind of concretization of the age-old peasant dream, dreams and legendary rumors about “free lands”, about fertile distant lands where milk rivers flow in the banks of jelly, etc.

The origin of the name “Muravia” from the word murava (grass) is also confirmed by notes in the Bolshoi Soviet encyclopedia and at “Brockhaus and Efron”, which my fellow countryman, the old writer N.S. Karzhansky, pointed out to me. There, by the way, it says: “The Muravsky Way is one of the main routes used by the Crimean Tatars in the 16th - 17th centuries when raiding the Russian state. The Muravsky Way walked from Perekop to Tula along a deserted steppe overgrown with grass, bypassing the crossings across big rivers..." (TSB); “In its place there is now a large road, which is still called Muravka near the city of Liven” (“Brockhaus and Efron”). It is interesting to answer that in Chinese translation This poem of mine is called “The Land of Green Freshness.”

To the consciousness of Morgunk, as well as to the consciousness of Panferovsky’s hero in the indicated episode of his book, Muraviya seems to be a country of peasant, farmhouse proprietary happiness, as opposed to the collective farm, as such a structure of life, where a person is supposedly deprived of “independence”, “independence”, where “everyone is cut the same comb”, as it was instilled in the average peasant in the first years of collectivization by people hostile to it - kulaks and subkulak members.

The return of Morgunk, who was convinced by the facts of the new reality that there is no and cannot be a good life outside the collective farm, gave the name “Ant Country” already new meaning- Ant is like that “country”, that collective farm happy life, which the hero acquires as a result of his search.

By the way, Boris Polevoy told me that in the Sosnovoborsky district of the Penza region, until the recent consolidation of collective farms, there was a collective farm “Country of Ants”. This name was given to the collective farm, headed by a local teacher, apparently in the late thirties, in connection with the appearance in the press of “The Country of Ant”.

"Ant Country" analysis of the work - theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, characters, issues and other issues are discussed in this article.

One of A. T. Tvardovsky’s early works, with which he made a name for himself in literature, was the poem “The Country of Ant” (1934-1936), dedicated to collectivization.

The poet viewed work on a work as a social order. In the year of a sharp change in economic relations in the village, the peasant was required to finally and irrevocably abandon the old individual farm and move to a collective farm. Tvardovsky understood the irreversibility of the historical process and the need for collectivization in the current conditions, therefore his work contains motives “for” collective farming in the countryside.

However, along the way, as a writer, Tvardovsky explores the village and its inhabitants. It is important for the author to show people why others resist collectivization, what is the point of it. Among the gallery of characters presented in the poem “Country of Ant”, there are fists, and bandits, and ardent adherents of antiquity, and those who are afraid of future changes, and those who simply want happiness - in their own understanding. The latter includes the main character of Ant, Nikita Morgunok. He is not against the collective farm, but he is afraid that he will live poorly on the collective farm. There is a strong conviction in this middle-aged man that he must become a strong master before the age of forty. If you don’t have time, then you will vegetate in poverty. But Morgunk has his own idea of a strong economy: he sees such an economy primarily as an individual one. Live like this for at least a year, and then you can safely go to the collective farm.

A middle peasant, he wants to become a rural rich man. This is possible, according to rumors, in the country of Ant. And Nikita sets off on a search for the mysterious Muravskaya country, where everyone lives “on their own” and everything is rich. Depicting the ups and downs of Morgunk’s difficult path, the author shows the absurdity of such searches, as well as the fact that people like Nikita do not understand the changes taking place around them.

Understanding comes to Morgunk only when he moves away from the kulak environment, which he once envied, and approaches the collective farmers. Getting more closely acquainted with their life and work, Morgunok begins to more fully realize the advantages of his new life. He understands that the sole owner is now out of work; the true owner in the village is the collective farmer - the one who keeps up with the times, no matter how difficult this path is. And Nikita Morgunok makes his choice as a person who loves and respects work.

Ant Country plot plan. Characteristics of the work “Ant Country” by A. Tvardovsky

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