The moral meaning of the story is Sholokhov's fate of man. What is the meaning of the title of the story “The Fate of Man”
Adventures of a Prehistoric Boy Ernst D'Hervilly
(No ratings yet)
Title: The Adventures of a Prehistoric Boy
Author: Ernst Dervilly
Year: 2015
Genre: Children's adventures, Foreign classics, Foreign children's books, Foreign adventures
About the book “The Adventures of a Prehistoric Boy” by Ernst D’Hervilly
"The Adventures of a Prehistoric Boy" - a story French writer and ethnographer Ernst D'Hervilly for children of preschool and school age.
The events of the story “The Adventures of a Prehistoric Boy” by Ernst D’Hervilly develop thousands of years BC. The main character of the book is a nine-year-old boy named Krek. He lives in a tribe prehistoric people who face various dangers every day and literally fight for their lives. There are people in the tribe of different ages: Krek's peers, six-year-old children, adult men and women and elderly people - elders. Each member of the tribe does a specific job so that everyone can survive. Some are good at hunting, some have an excellent nose for berries and mushrooms, some have gotten used to fishing.
Despite the fact that Krek was only nine years old, he helped the tribe with all his might. On some days he had to keep the fire burning in the cave, on others he had to go with other members of the group in search of edible berries and roots. But one day Krek disobeyed the order of his elders to watch the fire and left the cave. Eventually the flame went out. Without fire, the tribe was doomed to death. Such offenses were punishable in the tribe death penalty. Krek had only one opportunity to save his life - to find a way to light a fire.
The story “The Adventures of a Prehistoric Boy” is distinguished by a rich plot, detailed and vivid descriptions wildlife, detailed description life of prehistoric people. From this work, young readers will learn how people lived thousands of years ago, what difficulties they faced every day, and how they managed to preserve the human race.
Primitive people had many enemies: bad weather, wild animals and, of course, hunger. Sometimes the tribe was left without food for several days. That is why even the youngest representatives of the tribe did not sit idle and helped the elders as best they could. IN primitive society great importance had a hierarchy. The younger ones obeyed the elders, absolutely all people followed unwritten laws. Misdemeanors were punished because primitive people They believed that a person who had committed meanness would do it again.
The story “The Adventures of a Prehistoric Boy” by Ernst D’Ervilly will appeal to children of any age. Despite the complex subject matter, it is written in a very simple and in easy language. The plot of the story is rich and fascinating, so the child will not be bored.
On our website about books lifeinbooks.net you can download for free without registration or read online book“The Adventures of a Prehistoric Boy” by Ernst D’Hervilly in epub, fb2, txt, rtf, pdf formats for iPad, iPhone, Android and Kindle. The book will give you a lot of pleasant moments and real pleasure from reading. Buy full version you can from our partner. Also, here you will find last news from literary world, learn the biography of your favorite authors. For beginning writers there is a separate section with useful tips and recommendations, interesting articles, thanks to which you yourself can try your hand at literary crafts.
When I was a schoolboy, this book somehow fell into my hands. I remember how she captivated me from the very first pages, and with what excitement I followed the adventures of Krek, a boy who lived many thousands of years ago. I was especially impressed by that event in Krek’s life, which had such an impact big influence for the rest of his life. This is the case when Krek, to whom his relatives entrusted their greatest treasure - fire, failed to preserve it, and the fire went out, and with it, it seemed, all life died. After all, people did not know how to make fire - they could only maintain and preserve it. I experienced this together with Krek terrible event in his life and in the lives of his family and friends. And with what joy I later read that all was not lost, that Krek accidentally learned from Fo the Stranger, a man from another tribe, a way to make fire - and the fire began to burn again!...
It was a pity to close the last page of the book and part with its heroes; I wanted to know even more about their life, so difficult, full of dangers, so different from our life. ( This material will help you write competently on the topic of The Adventures of the Prehistoric Boy E. d'Hervilly. Summary does not make it possible to understand the full meaning of the work, so this material will be useful for a deep understanding of the work of writers and poets, as well as their novels, novellas, short stories, plays, and poems.) But then it turned out that this is possible and that for this you need to read history books - and they will tell you how people lived in those distant times. It turned out that the same life that Krek and his friends lived, that our distant ancestors lived, is still lived by people in the tropical forests of Africa and South. America, South-East Asia, in the deserts of Australia. Travelers and scientists who visited them tell stories about the lives of these people. True, they live in others natural conditions, in a different climate,” they are surrounded by other plants, their forests are inhabited by other animals, and yet their life is very similar to the life of those people about which this book tells, about which history books tell.
I’ll tell you a little about the life of one such tribe. It was discovered in the deserts of Central Australia several years ago. You will see that although the people of this tribe live in a completely different environment - not in forests, but in the desert, not in cold, but in hot climates, they hunt not reindeer, but kangaroos - there is still a lot in their life reminiscent of what this book is about - a book about the life of a prehistoric boy. This means that by studying the life of such tribes, we can learn a lot about the life of our own distant ancestors.
The tribe I want to talk about is called the Bindibu, and it was discovered by Australian scientists who went to the deserts of Central Australia in search of known to science primitive tribes. After several days of difficult travel through the sun-scorched desert, the travelers discovered a stream flowing in a deep gorge between high rocks. Several trees grew here, and between them there were small huts made of branches, leaves and grass - shelter from the sun and bad weather. Under each such shelter, a small depression was dug in the ground - a place to sleep for one person, and nearby there were the remains of fires, the fire of which people warmed themselves on cold nights. It was the camp of a small tribe.
Soon people appeared. The men returned from hunting, carrying hunting catch in their hands. Since dawn they wandered through the desert in search of lizards, knocked out birds with sticks, and occasionally they came across larger animals - kangaroos or large flightless emus birds. They killed kangaroos and emus with simple wooden spears.
Women with small children also returned. They carried the smallest ones in their arms, and the older children walked on their own. Women and children also wandered through the desert in search of edible roots, seeds, nuts, all kinds of insects and small animals, which these people eat after roasting them in hot ashes or on the coals of a fire.
Although the Bindiboos had never seen white people before, they turned out to be good-natured, hospitable, friendly people. They accepted the white travelers as their friends, not as enemies to be feared or trusted. And the travelers really liked these simple, honest, straightforward people.
The Bindibu tribe consists of only a few dozen people. In the morning, at dawn, all of them, with the exception of only the helpless old people and the sick, went hunting and in search of plant food, and in the evening they returned to the camp with prey. They knew the desert surrounding them perfectly - every hollow, bush, stream was well known to them from childhood.
Where white travelers often died among the sands and rocks from thirst, the Bindibu easily find sources of water and never lack it.
Neither the Bindibu nor the other tribes of Australia yet know agriculture and cattle breeding. They live only by hunting, fishing and collecting wild edible plants - just as our distant ancestors lived, as Krek and the people of his tribe lived.
For hunting they use spears and simple throwing sticks. They throw spears using a special spear thrower made of wood, about half a meter long. At one end there is a spear stop. The javelin thrower, when throwing a javelin, seems to lengthen the arm, increase its swing and send the javelin forward at long distance. At the other end of the spear thrower, a stone knife is fixed using hardened resin. With its help, bindibus make spears and other wooden products, and cut the carcasses of animals killed during hunting. Bindibu have a small set of weapons, but some (like the spear thrower) serve a variety of purposes.
One day, a hunter-bindib wanted to show white travelers how many sources of water he knew in the desert. And then the spear thrower turned into geographical map. Using a sharp stone, he carved numerous circles on it, connected by straight lines. Each circle meant a body of water - a well, a lake, a stream - and straight lines meant roads in the desert from one body of water to another. After all, water for the Bindibu, these people of the desert, is life itself. They glorify water, write songs about it, and most often they sing those songs that talk about the life-giving power of water.
While male hunters never part with their spears, women, when leaving the camp, do not part with long, pointed sticks. From them to how people lived hundreds and thousands of years ago. She studies this from the remains of tools, dwellings, objects of art that were preserved in the ground or in caves where primitive people lived.
But not everything in this book is at the level of modern science. After all, the science is developing, people are learning more and more about the past, and much of what once seemed correct now no longer corresponds to the level of our knowledge.
Let's start with what we have already talked about - with fire. The book very vividly depicts the death of fire - that terrible hour for people when the fire went out. They accepted it as the death of their dearest being. And this was a truly terrible event for them if they did not know how to make fire. But we already know that Australians, who also live in the Stone Age, know how to make fire and even do it in two ways - by drilling, using two wooden sticks, and striking a spark by striking stone against stone. And we have a reasonable doubt that the heroes of our book did not yet know any of these methods, that these methods were known at that time only to a few people. Most likely, ways artificial extraction fire at this time were already widespread and well known to many.
There is one more inaccuracy, much more important, and it must also be mentioned here. The Stone Age was a very long era in human history - it lasted many thousands of years. The culture of mankind did not stand still all this time, but developed. New, more and more advanced weapons were created. If at first people only knew how to beat and split stone, then gradually they learned to polish it, and then wonderful, smoothly ground stone tools, very durable and sharp, appeared. All new discoveries and inventions were made, and this book tells how its heroes accidentally invented a raft. More and more advanced types of dwellings were created: if at first people lived mainly in caves, then gradually they learned to build real houses, including even on stilts. If at first people lived only by hunting, fishing and collecting wild plants, then gradually they learned to grow themselves useful plants- agriculture appeared, animals were domesticated, and cattle breeding appeared. If at first people only baked and fried their food on hot ash and coals, as Australians do today, then over time they invented pottery - they learned to make dishes from fire-fired clay, and all this happened during the Stone Age.
That is why the history of the Stone Age - this huge period in the history of mankind - is usually divided into two parts: the ancient Stone Age (called Paleolithic) and the new Stone Age (Neolithic), - and each of them also lasted for millennia. In the ancient Stone Age, people did not yet know how to polish stone, but in the new age they have already learned to do this. In the ancient Stone Age they did not yet know how to make large boats hollowed out of tree trunks, but in the new they already had such boats. In the ancient Stone Age, people did not yet have good houses, but in the new one they already did. In the ancient Stone Age, people knew neither agriculture nor cattle breeding. The only animal domesticated by man at that time was the dog. Australian hunters are accompanied everywhere and even helped by packs of dingoes to hunt. And in the new Stone Age, both agriculture and cattle breeding appeared. In the ancient Stone Age, people had not yet learned how to make dishes from baked clay, but in the new age they knew how to make such dishes and knew how to cook food in them.
And so we read in this book how Krek, expelled from his tribe, and his companions, who voluntarily decided to accompany him, meet the lake inhabitants. These people live a completely different life - so different from the life that Krek, his brothers and the Elder led in their homeland. The lake inhabitants already knew how to grind stone and drill into stone tools holes for handles, which means they lived already in the Neolithic-New Stone Age. But Krek and his friends in their homeland did not yet know how to do all this - their fellow tribesmen, therefore, still led the lifestyle of Paleolithic people - the ancient Stone Age. By the way, arrows were never polished, as stated in the book; even in the Neolithic, mainly tools for processing wood—axes and adzes—were polished. The lake dwellers had large boats hollowed out from tree trunks; they had huts plastered with clay, standing right in the lake on stilts - these are all also signs of the Neolithic, and all this was also unknown to the native community of Krek. True, the lake inhabitants did not know how to cultivate the land and grow plants, and the only domestic animal they domesticated was the dog, but even in the Neolithic, agriculture and cattle breeding did not appear immediately, but gradually. The lake inhabitants had not yet learned how to make pottery, but this skill did not come immediately in the same Neolithic.
The way of life of the lake inhabitants, as the author portrays it, is the way of life of the people of the early Neolithic, when many achievements had not yet appeared, characteristic of society later, developed Neolithic. But this is no longer Paleolithic. And the way of life of the cave dwellers, from whose midst Krek, the Elder and their relatives came, is the way of life of the people of the ancient Stone Age - Paleolithic. Could it happen that on the same European territory Would tribes so different in their culture and way of life live at the same time? After all, between them lie not even hundreds, but the way of life of the lake inhabitants, as it is depicted, this is the way of life of the people of the early Neolithic, when many of the achievements characteristic of the society of the later, developed Neolithic had not yet appeared. But this is no longer Paleolithic. And the way of life of the cave dwellers, from whose midst Krek, the Elder and their relatives came, is the way of life of the people of the ancient Stone Age - Paleolithic. Could it have happened that tribes so different in their culture and way of life lived on the same European territory at the same time? After all, between them lie not even hundreds, but maybe thousands of years cultural development. After all, having left the cave dwellers - Paleolithic hunters for reindeer- and having joined the lake inhabitants, Krek and his friends stepped into a completely different historical era!
The culture of mankind did not stand still at that time. But it developed very slowly then. If the cultures of the Stone and Atomic Ages coexist in the world today, then in Euron of that era, about which we're talking about in the book, a meeting of cultures so different in their level of development could not yet occur.
Why do some tribes living in the Stone Age survive on Earth today? This is explained by various reasons, and the most important of them is the remoteness of these tribes from the centers of world civilization. After all, they live in tropical forests, in the mountains, surrounded by seas or deserts, cut off from the rest of the world.
The struggle for existence in these conditions was very difficult for people, and this further delayed their cultural development.
But thanks to this, the author of the book was able to introduce us, her readers, to two great eras in the history of mankind - the ancient and the new. stone age, And together with the heroes of the book, we will also meet the people of those times, learn their sorrows and joys, see how they lived. This fascinating book will introduce us to the life of our distant ancestors. And when we close the last page, this life and these people, previously so distant and alien, will now become closer and clearer to us.
V. Cabo.
If homework on the topic of: "The Adventures of the Prehistoric Boy E. d'Hervilly Summary of the work. If you find it useful, we will be grateful if you post a link to this message on your page on your social network.
M. Sholokhov's story “The Fate of a Man” is one of famous works Russian literature. It tells the story of the life of a single person, Andrei Sokolov, whose fate was befallen by the most terrible epoch-making events: revolution, war, which crippled a person’s life, which, in my opinion, suggested the title of the story to the author.
Only fate is truly worthy person could be described in the work. The difficult life of Sokolov, who managed to get through severe tests, who retained her humanity and kindness, faith and hope, perseverance and personal dignity, love for life and people, was suitable for this.
Three times Sokolov, a native of the Voronezh province, experiences losses. And what! In the hungry year of 1922, he loses his parents, but finds the strength to live, work, and love. Andrey meets his only one, Irinka. He knows happiness at that time: his home, his beloved children. Happiness that will be destroyed by war.
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Sokolov was at the front. He fights heroically, but is captured. But even in captivity he remains a Man and does not lose his dignity and pride as a Russian soldier. There is so much nobility in his words: “... they did not turn me into a beast, no matter how hard they tried.” And how does Andrei experience his meeting with his native land after a successful escape from German captivity. So he remembers: “...fell to the ground and kissed it, and I couldn’t breathe...”. Freedom! Your people are around! And suddenly a terrible blow of fate: a bomb hit his house in Voronezh. My wife and daughter died. It’s as if Andrei’s heart hardens, and only faith in his son Anatoly and life together with it gave the soldier strength.
The last days of the war... Victory! What a joy! And Sokolov is in grief: the damned fascists will kill him on the days of the triumph of his heroic son. Here it is, fate!
But the Soviet man does not give up: not everything has yet turned to stone in his heart! He decides to adopt a boy, a child of war. “Two orphaned people, two grains of sand, thrown into foreign lands by a military hurricane of unprecedented force” find each other by the irony of evil fate and become the closest people.
Thus, M.A. Sholokhov, forming new views and depicting in all authenticity the fate of an individual person of the era, depicts the fate of the entire country. Having unfortunately lost close people and the opportunity to be happy, the Russian people did not lose the most important thing, human dignity and desire to live. I think that’s why M.A. Sholokhov’s story is called that.
Name in work of art- one way of expressing author's position. It either reflects the essence of the conflicting works, or names key episode or main character, or the main idea of the work is expressed.
Many years after the Great Patriotic War in 1957 M.A. Sholokhov writes the story “The Fate of Man”, the plot of which is based on the story of his life ordinary person Andrey Sokolov.
The story is narrated in the first person, on behalf of the main character, who talks about his life to a stranger whom he mistook for a driver. Having carefully examined Andrei Sokolov, the narrator draws Special attention on a person’s eyes: “eyes as if sprinkled with ashes, filled with such an inescapable mortal melancholy that it is difficult to look into them.” This detail speaks of the difficult, very difficult life of Andrei Sokolov, because the eyes are the mirror of the soul. The hero tells about his fate. This is precisely the word given to M.A. Sholokhov in the title of the story. Not fate, not fate, not predestination, but precisely fate: a word that contains all previous meanings, but at the same time, here for the writer it is a synonym for the word life. Indeed, the life of Andrei Sokolov at first “was ordinary”: family, wife, three children, a good job, but the war began, which brought pain and suffering. First captivity, then the death of his wife and daughters, and finally the death of his son. Any person who experienced this could become angry, bitter, and curse his fate. But Andrei Sokolov found the strength to help little boy Vanyusha, who was left an orphan after the war: the hero adopted Vanyusha: “A burning tear began to boil inside me, and I immediately decided: “We must not disappear separately!” I’ll take him as my child.”
Andrei Sokolov himself decided to take in an orphan boy, thereby changing his destiny and filling his life with meaning.
M.A. Sholokhov called the work “The Fate of a Man,” without indicating that the story would be about the life of a specific person who lost the most precious thing in the war: his wife, children, but retained the most important thing - human heart. Thus, from a story about the fate of a specific person, the work turns into a story about the fate of all humanity, when everyone is responsible to themselves and others for their lives.
The title of Sholokhov's story is ambiguous: it indicates the moral essence of Andrei Sokolov: from an ordinary driver who married Irinka, had three children, survived captivity, when “death passed by... only a chill came from it...” he becomes the man who adopted Vanya, and Now Sokolov is afraid for his life (my heart is swaying, the piston needs to be changed..."), since now he is responsible for the little boy.
The dream of a soul mate united two orphan destinies: a soldier who went through the war and an orphaned boy, and from now on, united, they walk through life together.
Thus, the title of Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man” raises the narrative to the level of universal generalization, making short story a deep epic that reveals the most complex problems, touching on the foundations of human coexistence.
