Cinematic sculptures. Strange animals by Theo Jansen

Anthony Howe c is a kinetic sculptor living in the village of Eastsound, Washington. The sculptor works mainly with stainless steel. His sculptures come to life with every gust of wind, as if by magic, a fabulous, hypnotizing sight.

The video below shows best works Anthony Howe, it is noticeable that facial expressions change with a gust of wind and glimpses of light.

Anthony Howe is a typical city dweller, in whose biography you can find references to places like Manhattan or Seattle at every turn. And yet it was precisely him, who grew up in concrete jungle, managed to find mutual language with the forces of nature, making them allies in his work. Wind is the main component without which Hove's sculptures simply could not exist.

OCTO 3 . Stainless steel. 7.6 m high x 9.1 m wide x 9.1 m deep. 3200 kg. 16 connected blades rotating on a circular shaft. Withstands wind speeds of 90 mph. Various night lighting options are available. Sold to Dubai, UAE.

Even the lightest breeze can set dozens of rotating parts of the sculptures in motion. Howe says he takes great care to test his sculptures for wind resistance. One way is to mount the sculpture on your Ford F-150 and then drive it down the freeway.

About Face . Stainless steel, copper. 2.2 m high x 1.6 m wide x 1.5 m deep. 100 individually balanced copper panels.

Howe starts with digital modeling using software Rhinoceros 3D, then the steel elements of the sculptures are made using plasma cutting and assembled using traditional metal working techniques.

Octo

Olotron


In-Out Quotient

Vlast-O-

In Cloud Light

Kinetic Wind Sculpture

The creation of kinetic sculptures, that is, those that can move, as a direction in art arose not so long ago - in the mid-50s of the last century, and as a additional example one can recall the works of Theo Jansen. However, unlike Jansen's plastic sculptures, Anthony works with metal, predominantly steel. Using steel reinforcement combined with forged curved forms and fiberglass-covered disks, Howe creates fantastic sculptures. In calm weather, they surprise with their elegance, and with the slightest breath of wind they begin to move, spinning in a dance that only they understand and creating an inexplicable secret harmony.

Anthony Howe has been creating kinetic sculptures for about 20 years. “I'm trying to create objects whose appearance will be associated with the attributes of science fiction as well as with biological and astronomical models,” says the author.
The sculptor was born in 1954 in Salt Lake City (Utah, USA). Anthony Howe began his creative career as an artist and only after moving to New York moved from painting to sculpture. The author became widely known in the late 1990s.

Spine Tower

January 19th, 2015

It so happened that since October 2009 I have been constantly running the “Artifact” section in the magazine “Popular Mechanics”, dedicated to kinetic and “near-kinetic” scientific and technical art. During this time, I wrote and edited more than 60 articles on various kinetic sculptors and artists, and corresponded and communicated with more than two hundred masters of artistic mechanics.

Chris Eckert (USA). Auto Ink. Device for automatic tattooing. The image is pre-loaded into the computer's memory. Only tested on temporary tattoos using a pen, but can also work with a needle.

I personally know Nemo Gold, Brad Litwin, Ruben Margolin, Chris Eckert, Julien Berthier, Gregory Barsamian, Balint Boligo and dozens of other kinetic sculptors. Over time, I realized that I could write a dissertation on kinetic art, and not even one; in principle, if our education system made it possible to defend a dissertation without going through three years of graduate school, I would do so; an extra crust wouldn’t hurt. There is some kind of option for such a plan, but I haven’t figured it out yet. Another thing is that I am not sure that in Russia there are specialists who understand kinetics better than me, and therefore I have a vague idea of ​​who could become a leader. I never studied kinetic art specifically - it just happened that way. Well, okay, we'll survive without a crust.

Choi Woo-ram ( South Korea). Echo Navigo Larva. Kinetic Skeleton fantastic creature species Anmorome Istiophorus platypterus Uram.

It would be interesting to organize in Moscow or St. Petersburg - actually, it doesn’t matter, in any city in Russia - a full-fledged kinetic art exhibition or some specific sculptor. I myself do not have such financial capabilities, but I do have organizational ones. Contacting and negotiating with any master from the list given at the end of the post is not difficult for me at all. Most of the time I can just call and say something like “Hey Ted, do you want an exhibition in Moscow?”

Nemo Gold (USA). Doubtful. One of the nicest robots by the American sculptor. According to the author, in its body movements the robot is completely alien to doubts and moral principles.

Many people know that I give open lectures on scientific and technical topics - I gave them at Seliger, at regional Russian scientific festivals, at the Siberian “Robosib” and so on. After thinking, I developed lecture on kinetic art- why not? You can even make a course of lectures - I have enough material and knowledge for 16-20 academic hours without repetition, but with illustrations and video materials.

Joseph Hersher (USA). Bread Goldberg Machine. Joseph Herscher's Rube Goldberg machine quickly cooks bread and sends it straight to your plate.

Christopher Miskja (Norway). Machine that uses a thousand years to shut itself down. A mechanical device driven by an engine. The engine drives the first ring, the second one rotates from it through a gear, and so on. The last ring has a pin, which after some time will press the engine shutdown button. This will happen after 1000 years of rotation of the machine - this is how the gear ratios are calculated.

Anthony Howe (USA). In Cloud Light III. Classic street kinetic sculpture. Rotates under the influence of the wind (however, Howe’s works are often equipped with motors to work even in calm conditions)

There is also a subsection of water sculptures, where not air, but water, fire or fog is used as propulsion. For example, Ned Kann.

SOUND MACHINES

A separate area of ​​kinetics is unusual musical instruments and noise robots. In this genre, it is not so much the sound being extracted that is important, but rather the method of extracting it.

The Canadian Maxime de La Rochefoucauld is very interesting here. He makes musical instrument(string or percussion) from all sorts of things, and a column with a spring attached to it is built into its design. It supplies low-frequency (or high-frequency) noise to the speaker, the spring vibrates and hits the strings, producing assonant sounds. De La Rochefoucauld has a whole orchestra of this madness.

Maxime de La Rochefoucauld (Canada). Drum kit from the Ki Automates series. Maxim applies vibration to the speaker, a drumstick attached to it on a movable spring beats the stretched skin.

The most interesting kinetic musician, so to speak, is the Swiss Zimoun, a sound architect. He takes various surfaces (most often cardboard boxes) and attaches to them systems of balls driven by motors. The balls randomly hit the boxes, creating a monotonous sound background with a hypnotic quality.

Zimun (Switzerland). 329 prepared dc-motors, cotton balls, toluene tank. Zimun once bought a huge toluene tank, cleaned it from the inside and equipped it with 329 motors with cotton balls attached to them. Now there is a measured, oppressive cacophonous madness inside the tank.

Video:

DRAWING MACHINES

A popular trend is drawing machines. Typical representative– Balint Boligo, British of Hungarian descent. Makes very strange drawing machines, capable for days draw monotonous patterns. He does a lot more, just this good example.

Balint Boligo (UK). Polycycle. Machine-artist. He draws no worse than modern abstractionists and expressionists.

I really love his work The Page Turner:

The luxurious Rube Goldberg car was in the OK Go video:

INTERACTIVE AND DIGITAL ART

The last fifteen years have given a sharp impetus to another direction of kinetic art - various digital interactive installations that interact with the viewer. The coolest thing I've seen in this genre is Daniel Rozin's interactive mirrors. His mirrors are opaque, but consisting of many pixels (wooden, metal, glass); The camera reads the viewer's face and the mirror forms images by changing the position of the pixels.

Daniel Rozin (USA). Peg Mirror. 650 cylindrical wooden blocks change their position relative to the light source, forming the viewer's image.

For example, the Dutchman Marnix de Nijs showed himself well in this context. In his works, the viewer takes a certain position, and the images on interactive screens are formed depending on his behavior.

Marnix de Nijs (Netherlands). Exploded Views Remapping Firenze. An installation in which the viewer can “walk” through interactively and randomly generated world landmarks. IN in this case the device is set to interactive map Florence. The picture on the screen depends on the intensity of your running.

FUNCTIONAL KINETIC ART

Rare, but interesting direction- the creation of objects of art that perform some real function. Let's say, very beautiful devices. For example, Wayne Belger makes uniquely designed pinhole cameras from skulls, parts of destroyed buildings and blood. Each camera is created for a specific series of photographs, and the exhibition displays both the photographs and the devices with which they were taken.

Wayne Belger (USA). Untouchable. A pinhole camera made using the blood of a person infected with HIV.

Installation with a camera and photographs.

An absolutely amazing lady - Tatiana van Wark from Holland. She's obsessed with literally words on science and scientific instruments, and made her first oscilloscope at age 14. Now she is over 60, and she continues to make scientific instruments of increased aesthetics.

Tatiana van Wark (Netherlands). The Harmonium. Device for harmonic analysis and signal synthesis. Completely working and suitable for use in the laboratory, just aesthetically very beautiful.

WORKS BEYOND CLASSIFICATION

Finally, there are unique sculptors. Which do things that don't fit into traditional kinetic subgenres.

Francois Junot (France). Alexandre Pouchkin. A mechanical automaton depicting Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin can write 1458 (!) different texts and drawings, imitating Pushkin’s handwriting. He dips his pen into the inkwell, moves his head and hands, and writes and writes. No electronics - only mechanics.

An absolutely unique example is the animated sculptures of Gregory Barsamyan. He makes rotating mechanisms that you need to look at in the stroboscopic flash of light - and you get the feeling that a plasticine cartoon action is unfolding right in front of you, which you can touch with your hands.

Gregory Barsamyan (USA). Feral Font. One of the examples of mechanical “cartoons” by Gregory Barsamyan.

The Korean Choi Woo-Ram also defies classification. He will create incredible beauty and complexity of fantastic animals (mostly “extinct”), to which he gives Latin names and invents complex legends

Choi U-Ram (South Korea). Custos Cavum. The skeleton of a fictional creature Choi, the now dead guardian of the gate between our world and the other world. When the last Custos Cavum died, the last gate closed forever.

"Near-Kinetic" SCULPTURES

“Near-kinetic” art is also interesting. When there may be no moving parts in a sculpture, but its materials and execution technique imply the technogenic origin of the work. Let's say the insects of Christopher Conte.

Christopher Conte (USA). Red Widow. Typical Conte work.

Or figures from parts typewriters Jeremy Mayer.

Jeremy Mayer (USA). Bust IV. Typical Mayer work.

Les Machines de l'île (France). Le Grand Elephant. A huge steam (actually, of course, diesel) elephant, an imitation of a similar device from the work of Jules Verne, travels around Nantes and gives rides to those who wish.

In total, this is about a quarter of the sculptors with whom I am more or less familiar. I know about about two hundred more, but I have never contacted them, because they work in genres about which I have already done materials. Or I just don't like them for some reason. This also happens.

In general, this is not quite a classification, of course. There are much more directions, in each I can name from 3-4 to 10-15 representatives. I find it difficult to say how many kinetic sculptors there are in the world. There are very few of them in Russia (only the kinetic showcases of Evgeniy Klimov immediately come to mind - in style they belong to the mentioned class of “fair machines”, and the “kinetic fish” of the ArtMechanicus group). In the meantime, this is a very significant and interesting layer of art, which would be interesting to popularize and develop.

So if I do find opportunities to both give lectures on kinetic art and organize an exhibition, don’t pass me by. It will be interesting.

Harmony, beauty and justice are what everyone can bring to this world. But some of us are able to change it dramatically and in a big way. Moreover, this does not require suitcases of money, special connections in the right ministry or a large bribe official. Now you will see inventions that at first glance are very simple and may even seem useless to some, but who knows, perhaps in the future they will radically change our world. After all, they are already helping millions. So, let's go.

Ice stupas against drought “Towers of ice” help the inhabitants of the Himalayas adapt to climate change. They are created by Indian engineer Sonam Wangchuk. He laid a siphon pipeline from a mountain river to one of the villages. Erupting under pressure from a vertical pipe, like a geyser, the water freezes, forming a 20-meter ice tower, reminiscent of a Buddhist sanctuary - a stupa. In the spring, such a “stupa” melts, irrigating the dry soil. The system is easily scalable, and then the engineer laid pipelines for another 50 towers. Well, at the end of 2016, Sonam was invited to Switzerland to create an ice stupa. The project was successfully implemented and today the company is engaged in the widespread construction of ice towers around the world.

Iron fish - against anemia A Cambodian company has produced a fish that can fight iron deficiency, which, due to poor nutrition, occurs in 3.5 billion people. It would seem a useless invention - the fish are made in Cambodia from scrap metal, which is tested for quality. When cooked, it releases iron, which then enters the body. Basically, this iron deficiency is caused by a poor diet that does not include red meat and vegetables. And this is especially true for Cambodia, since more than half the population lives on less than $2 a day. Maybe for the residents of Russia we could also invent some kind of fish, but not iron fish, but, for example, with vitamin D? Indeed, according to the conclusion of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 80% of Russians have an acute shortage of this important element.

Now let's move on to digital technologies. (Sort it out) Raspberry Pi - a computer for the poorest For many poor people main problem When buying a computer, the price is relatively high, but with the advent of this computer for the poorest, this problem ceases to be relevant.

This extremely cheap computer was created by British programmer David Braben. The device is a small board the size of a bank card. You can connect external devices to it, including network cable. The Raspberry Pi has a 700 MHz processor and flash-based persistent memory. The cost of such a computer is 25 and 35 US dollars, depending on the modification.

Here's another gadget: Kilgoris Project - an e-book instead of textbooks. E-books for students from poor countries are cheaper than $100 tablets, and most importantly, one such e-book can store all the textbooks in all subjects for all years of study. And efficiency makes it possible to combat chronic shortages of electricity.

Now about football: Home power plant in a soccer ball A group of students came up with a way for even children to generate electricity for their own needs. They created a soccer ball that generates energy while playing. An hour of playing football can provide a person with light for the evening. Moreover, this device can also charge mobile devices- telephones, e-books, tablet computers.

Convenient Water Carrier In rural areas, you often have to walk many miles to get water. It's tedious and takes a lot of time. A “water wheel” can solve this problem. It has a capacity of 45 liters and pushing the wheel requires much less effort. It is also durable enough to be used even on rough terrain. Thanks to its large capacity and ease of use, it saves a lot of time and energy. It would seem that it is so simple that there is no point in talking about it. But how many thousands of poor people has this actually made life easier?

THE FUNNY CHEATS OF KEITH NEWSTEAD: PIGGY BANK

Name: Kate Newstead
Year of birth: 1956
Place of residence: Penryn, Cornwall, UK
Occupation: sculptor, mechanic
Creative credo: “I make machines because I love mechanics, graphics, design... and machines allow you to get a great combination of these areas of creativity.”

Englishman Keith Newstead is one of these masters. He honestly admits: “I started designing fairground machines because I was terribly bored working in my main specialty.” After graduating from the University of Essex with a degree in graphics and design, Keith tried to become a graphic designer, but just six months later his enthusiasm waned, he quit his job and went to Finland in search of adventure. “Oh, it was too cold for me,” Kate laughs. “I had to hurry back.”

Actually, Keith faced a common problem: he clearly graduated from the wrong university. Yes, he knew how to draw, but he didn’t like to do it too much. Therefore, they had to make a living by whatever the hell: delivering newspapers and goods sold through catalogues. At the same time, Keith made and sold jewelry.

And then I saw television program about fair machines

The Devil Rides Out
The mechanism was made by order of an American collector in 2011. The model is almost entirely assembled from metal parts. Work on “The Devil” took about two months.

Royal Cornwall Museum
It is a donation box custom-made for the museum. When a coin is dropped into the slot, the characters act out a half-minute skit.

Smeaton's Tower Donations Box. Smeaton Tower is one of the most famous and oldest British lighthouses. It was erected near the city of Plymouth (Devonshire) in 1756–1759. At the request of the museum, located in the lighthouse today, Newstead made a box for collecting donations: a coin activates an ingenious mechanism, and the model begins to move.

Northampton Shoe Museum
A donation box commissioned by Northampton Museum satirically demonstrates the advantages of modern shoemaking methods over classic ones.

MOVING PICTURES BY CHRISTINE SUR

Year of Birth: 1963
Residence: Svendborg, Denmark
Occupation: Artist, Engineer
Creative credo: “I just like doing what I do”

The style to which Christine Sur's painting belongs is called primitivism. This movement arose in the 19th century and popularized the deliberate simplification of composition, stylization to resemble a child’s drawing. The great masters of primitivism were Henri Rousseau and Niko Pirosmani, Henry Darger and Martin Ramirez. Primitivist artists of the past, in most cases, were able to draw beautifully in classic style, deliberate simplification was used as artistic technique. Today there is an increasingly widespread trend in which painters actually paint at the level of talented children, passing off their inability to create something worthwhile as their own style.

But all this is not about Kristin Suhr at all. She not only draws beautifully, but is able to add a new dimension to her paintings. When we look at the ordinary artistic canvas, we can only guess about what is, for example, behind the back of the hero of the picture or somewhere outside the frame. And Christine, by introducing animation into the plot, allows us to look beyond the boundaries.

“Girlfriends” (Veninder, 2008) An example of a fairly simple kinetic picture. The woman on the left angrily hits her opponent in the shin with the toe of her shoe, the woman on the right reacts to this with an exclamation of “Ouch!” (Av!). Only two moving elements are driven by one discreet lever mounted under the frame.

Coffee Shock (Coffeeshock, 2007)

One of the works of the “coffee” series by Christine Sur. In the various paintings in this collection, the most unexpected objects appear from cups, like rabbits from top hats. The crazy face from this work appears in other works of Christine.

Sculptures by Theo Jansen

Theo Jansen (born March 17, 1948, The Hague, Netherlands) is a Dutch artist and kinetic sculptor. He builds huge structures that resemble the skeletons of animals that are able to move under the influence of the wind. sandy beaches. Jansen calls these sculptures "animals" or "creatures"

Smaller sculptures by Theo Jansen

But the real creation of thought and ingenuity are mechanical structures that can move under the influence of the force of the wind. Also, working on a clock mechanism or any motor capable of rotating the central rotor. These kinetic sculptures are invented and made by Theo Jansen.

Walking table

For many years, scientists have argued that walking mechanisms are not promising. Only nature realized in organisms all the perfection of life on two legs. For cars, the walking design, to put it mildly, is not preferable. They talked, but stubbornly continued to come up with walking robots. And gradually the idea that a mechanism could walk became so natural that now not only complex robots with the rudiments of artificial intelligence, but even furniture. For example, designer Water Sheublin created a walking table. This designer’s creation is not connected to electric motors; to move the table you need to push it

Cho Woo Ram: Mechanical forms life

What kind of alien monsters have writers, filmmakers and creators tried to surprise us with? computer games! But most professional dreamers would do well to take a master class from Korean Cho Woo Ram. The kinetic sculptures he creates look truly alien - and at the same time full of life.

Automaton

An automatic machine is a machine capable of changing its operating mode according to a specific program. Thanks to the complication or change of control programs, the machine becomes multifunctional - that is, it is able to perform a variety of actions without changing the instrumental part. Structurally, this problem is solved by the fact that in addition to the mechanical articulation of parts, the machine contains a device for converting one form of movement into another. The first machines were built on limited variations of mechanical action, varying in degree and direction of transmission of movement. With the development of electrical engineering, machines receive effective control units. Modern development The development of automatic machines is primarily due to the successes of microelectronics and programming.

Story

The first automata were made already in ancient times, as evidenced by the rather fabulous, however, walking statues of Daedalus in Athens, the flying wooden dove of Archites of Tarentum, etc.
Equally incredible are the stories about automatic machines that were made in the Middle Ages by Albertus Magnus (1193-1280), Roger Bacon (1214-1294), about a flying iron fly, etc. In the production of watches with
The clock mechanism often connected moving figures, as for example on the clock of the Strasbourg Cathedral with its 12 moving figures in a crowing rooster. Similar clocks are in Lübeck, Nuremberg, Prague, Olmutz, etc.
Vaucanson's automata (French) became especially famous in the 18th century. Vaucanson) from Grenoble, which he showed in Paris in 1738 (a man playing a flute, a pipe, a duck eating food), as well as works by Swiss watchmakers father and son Droz (fr. Jaquet Droz) from Lachaux-de-Fonds in 1790 ( writing boy, a girl playing the harmonium and a boy drawing).

Writing and drawing


The drawing doll, made by Swiss watchmaker Pierre Jacquet-Droz, draws pictures and writes poetry. Drawing Automaton by Pierre Jacquet-Droz An automaton created by 18th century Swiss watchmaker Pierre Jacquet-Droz has the ability to sketch pictures and write poems.
The oldest writing automaton, a mechanical doll made from carved wood by Jaquet-Droz in 1772, had the ability to write. 28 cm high

The Writer - a mechanical doll made in carved wood by Jaquet-Droz in 1772 which had the ability to write. At 28 inches tall, it gave an unusual impression of life and was presented to every court in Europe

Henri Maillardet (1745-?)

Another 18th century master, a Londoner of Swiss origin: His doll without wig and dress:
Henri Maillardet. "The Draughtsman-Writer" automaton, c. 1820, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia

Swiss-born, London-based clockmaker and inventor, Henri Maillardet, built a humanoid automaton that wrote three poems and could draw three pictures.
She can write three poems and pictures.

This is how this doll writes and draws:

China
Fortune Teller He has about twenty different designs

Japan

20th century - photo
18th century dolls Emil Frohlich with Two Automatons ca. 1906 Original caption: Emil Frohlich with automatons invented by Droz, 1760-1773.

Doll from the 19th century, in a dress from 1830. Mr. Schehl Pointing to Mechanical Part of Doll Original caption: Century-Old Robot Doll Draws and Writes. A robot doll over a hundred years old is "Miss Automaton," now reposing in the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia.

Various automatons
"Thimblemaker" from Beijing doll does cup-and-ball tricks clock with caucasian automaton He does cup-and-ball tricks.

Sources: www.popmech.ru

" received new article"". These are really interesting mechanisms, like living things. It is based on the laws of computer and natural evolution. The first sculptures were sailed. The last animals walk in the calm, sense water and obstacles, remember the path and even protect themselves from storms.

Theo Jansen's kinetic sculpture runs only on wind energy: there are no gasoline, diesel, electric, etc. engines. Energy for movement is stored in bottles. General overview about Theo Jansen's kinetic sculptures can be obtained from the video:

And if you like, we will consider more detailed design features further.

So, for starters, the operating principle of one stilted part.

These are the dimensions of the 11 leg components.

The legs, in turn, are attached to a kind of spine. The spine in this case is a crankshaft, which can either simply transmit movement, or be rotated using propellers, compressed air, and so on.

The best leg movement occurs when the foot describes something like a triangle with rounded vertices. The different proportions of the 11 components of the leg produce different geometric shapes when moving. The author of the sculptures experimented a lot, in particular with computer models, to find the ideal ratio of the parts of the leg. This relationship can be presented somewhat more clearly with the help of the following video. It also gives a different interpretation. appearance legs of a kinetic sculpture.

By the way, computer modeling did not give any special results due to the huge number of options geometric shapes, which the foot of the leg can describe. For example, each of the 11 leg components can have 10 length options. This results in more than a million possible curves. The computer would work on them for hundreds of years. I had to turn to the method of computer evolution.

So, the computer selected 1,500 random variants of the lengths of the leg components. And he appreciated the geometric shapes that the foot of each leg describes:

Out of 1,500 options for geometric shapes, the 100 most optimal ones were selected. Accordingly, there were 100 types of combinations of different lengths of leg parts.

From these lengths of parts (the rest were eliminated), another 1500 leg options were randomly created. From these, 100 legs with the most optimal curves were selected. Based on the resulting lengths of the parts, new 1,500 leg options were created - and so on.

The cycle repeated itself day and night for many months. The final result is the leg of Animaris Currens Vulgaris, the first animal to walk independently on a beach. But this leg was not ideal either; the animal stopped periodically. So the evolution continued :)

Here is an example of a set of numbers that give a more or less moving leg:

a = 38, b = 41.5, c = 39.3, d = 40.1, e = 55.8, f = 39.4, g = 36.7, h = 65.7, i = 49, j = 50, k = 61.9, l=7.8, m= 15

Another calculation of the leg components, carried out in Matkada:

And here is another example of calculating the components of the legs:

Based on this calculation, a kinetic sculpture is also built:

In this video you can get a good look at sets of plastic bottles that are used to store wind energy:

The wind moves the sails on the crankshaft, the energy is transferred to the bicycle pump, which inflates the bottles. This takes several hours. But how can you make an animal move, and even automatically? This requires muscles. Muscles are a tube within a hollow tube, which can cause it to lengthen. Elongation is caused by the inflation of a rubber ball, which increases in volume and pushes the inserted pipe.

Some enthusiasts are trying to develop real vehicles based on them:

Well, the author himself believes that this type of movement is a revolution in the world of technology, comparable in importance to the invention of the wheel. The way these creatures move is based on the principle of the wheel (there is an axis that is always horizontal to the ground), but everything else is different. This is an advantage over a wheel, especially in hard-to-reach places such as sand.

An excellent example of a kinetic sculpture with a “hamster” engine:

Interview with Theo Jansen with Russian subtitles:

The main components of modern kinetic sculptures from Theo Jansen:

1. The stilted legs we talked about earlier.
2. Engines are also the windage of sculptures.
3. Batteries, they are also fan-shaped things on sculptures and plastic bottles into which air is pumped.
4. Signal transmission system - tubes transmitting compressed air and check valves with springs.
5. Obstacle and soil moisture monitoring system (if the probes encounter insurmountable obstacles, they turn the sculpture back).
6. Water sensing system (based on sucking water into bottles, increasing pressure and sending the animal back).
7. The animal's brain is a system of bottles, valves, tubes) working on a binary system. The brain counts steps from obstacle to obstacle. Therefore, when the animal reaches water, etc., and turns back, it knows how long to go back.
8. Storm protection system (a hammer that drives the stakes on the nose of the sculpture into the ground in strong winds).

There will be more in the future :)

These are the original living kinetic sculptures from Theo Jansen.