Dance school in Belarusian for pensioners. Belarusian folk dances are the soul of their people

Eastern Europe- one of the parts of our planet that is very famous original culture. The countries that are part of it for a long time were united into one big state. But this did not stop them from developing their culture independently of one another. These countries include Belarus.

Belarusian songs are an integral part of the national consciousness of this country. As in many other cultures, they are closely associated with the calendar and family celebrations. These include weddings, homelands, carols and others.

Excursion into history

Belarusian folk dance has been formed together with the rest since the 14th century. And the origins of folk dances were even more ancient all-Russian rituals. Through movements, Belarusians conveyed their entire character and traits characteristic of these people. They show how they feel life and its beauty, their temperament and inspiration.

The seasons also influenced the emergence of new dances. Belarusian folk dances correlated with the most vibrant celebrations of the season. This is due to the nature of the occupations of the ancient Belarusians, namely agriculture. For example, such holidays as zazhinki and dozhinki were the reasons for festivities in the fall. In winter, the main reasons to dance were carols and on Maslenitsa, Belarusians not only baked pancakes, but also danced with the whole village. And in the summer, Belarusian folk dance was celebrated almost every day, as young boys and girls were not averse to dancing for no reason. And Kupala was considered the main holiday of summer.

There are very few single dances in Belarus. Their main quantity is paired, mass dances.

Belarusians danced to any instruments that were at hand. And since these people are very talented, there were many such instruments: from the violin to the tambourine, from the cymbal to the accordion, and so on. Well, how can we do without a song? The people who liked to sing most were ditties, the so-called refrains. This added even more mischief to the dances, and they turned into small humorous competitions.

Well-deserved recognition

For many years, Belarusian folk dances existed exclusively in rural areas. They were considered peasants and unworthy of the upper strata of society. And only in early XIX century, the popularization of Belarusian dances has been taking place. Main role Ignat Buinitsky played in this. He gathers his troupe and travels with it throughout the country.

These people showed how Belarusian folk dance can be emotional and temperamental. The popularity of this theater only grew, which gave them the opportunity to be invited to Poland and St. Petersburg and there to represent the identity of their people.

But Buinitsky did not stop there, and in 1907 he became the founder of the Belarusian folk theater. The role of director and actor belonged to Buinitsky himself. He managed to convey all the colors of folk dance, while showing its beauty and character traits people.

Belarusian folk dances have many types. The most popular are “Lyavonikha”, “Yanka” and “Kryzhachok”.

Everyone’s favorite dance “Lyavonikha”

As mentioned above, most Belarusian “Lyavonikha” are no exception. The song of the same name is the basis of the dance, since it arose precisely based on the dialogue that takes place between Lyavonikha and Lyavon, and the dance is conducted around them. The number of participants is not limited, as long as you find a match. The dance is very dynamic and fast-paced, but uncomplicated, which is what brought it popularity. Usually Belarusians wore their homespun clothes while performing it. “Krutikha” is the second name of this dance, which comes from the main movement - whirling of couples.

"Kryzhachok"

This unusual name the dance was derived from the basic form that determines the formation of the dancers, namely the cross and the transitions of criss-cross movements. “Kryzhachok” is not inferior in popularity to “Lyavonikha”.

An interesting thing is that this dance in some parts of Belarus is called more abbreviated as “Kryzhak”. In general, in this country a wild drake is called a kryzhak. Therefore, when dancing, people try to imitate the movements of this bird. Another variation of the name is “Circle”, and the movements here tend more toward a circle.

"Yanka-Polka"

"Yanka" is a Belarusian folk dance that borrows its basic movements from folk polka. It is performed in the same way as “Lyavonikha”, only to a specific song, namely the Belarusian folk song “Yanka”. The pace of movement is moderately fast. They are performed with the inherent fervor and fun of Belarusians.

Dance is no exception; it is a couple dance. All movements take place in a circle. Couples actively tap out the rhythm and twirl to the music.

Belarusian folk song, dance are important elements culture of this people. They complement each other and are closely intertwined.

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The Belarusian people have created many bright, original dances throughout their history.
Folk holidays and rituals in Belarus have never been complete without song and dance. They were a necessary part of folk weddings, celebrations of Kupala, Carols, zazhinki and dozhinki (the beginning and end of agricultural work), and homelands.
In the winter months, the so-called kudelnitsy and music events were widespread in village life - gatherings where girls and boys gathered and, of course, such joint gatherings were not complete without dancing.

The musical accompaniment of the dances was the violin and tambourine, in some areas they were also joined by cymbals, duda and accordion. Also, the dances were often accompanied by the singing of ditties - prypevak. The performance of ditties sometimes turned into a competition and gave the dances an even more cheerful, comic character.

For a long time, Belarusian dance did not go beyond the village. IN high society folk art considered "peasant".
The troupe of Ignat Buynitsky, created in 1907 and successfully traveled around Belarus, visited St. Petersburg and Warsaw, played a role in the appearance and popularization of Belarusian folk dances on stage.
Belarusian dances are almost all mass, paired. Only sometimes only girls or only boys dance. The most popular Belarusian folk dances are “Lyavonikha”, “Kryzhachok”, “Yurachka”, “Polka Yanka”, “Charot”, “Lyanok”, “Bulba”, “Myatselitsa”, “Dudaryki”.

Almost always the dance tells some story or plays out some situation. For example, in pair dance“Gnyavash”, first one and then the other performer gets angry. First, a young man - he lures the girl with intricate knees, but she is angry and does not want to respond to his ingratiations. The guy, offended by the lack of attention, steps aside. Then the girl changes her anger to mercy and goes to dance, but now the guy is already angry. This change of mood is repeated several times. But in the end the boy and girl dance together. And the famous Belarusian dance “Lyavonikha” arose on the basis of a comic song, which was performed in the form of a dialogue between Lyavon and Lyavonikha, around whom the rest of the participants sang and danced. “Lyavonikha” also has another name - “Krutuha”, because the dancers spin in pairs.
Another famous Belarusian dance “Kryzhachok” exists in two versions. In some areas it is called Kryzhachok, from the word kryzh - cross. It is characterized by the arrangement of the dancers in a cross and their crossings crosswise. In other areas it is called Kruzhachok and is based primarily on movements in a circle.
There are also many dances depicting work - "Lenok", for example, represents all stages of growing and processing flax: sowing, weeding, tearing out and rubbing the stems, fraying the fiber, spinning threads, sewing a shirt; and the dance “Mlynok” reflects the work of a windmill with its wings, millstones, the action of gears and circles. The dance is characterized by quick changes, intricate figures, and complex transitions.
In other dances, performers depict natural phenomena, for example, “Myatselitsa” and “Rechanka” or imitate the movements of animals and birds - “Crane”, “Kozachka”.
Belarusian dances are always energy, dynamism, and cheerfulness.