it was purchased from Maria Alexandrovna, the wife of the court architect
.(Wikipedia.
)
Leonardo da Vinci.
Madonna Litta, 1490-1491.
The painting shows a woman holding in her arms
whom she. The background of the picture is with two , the light from which falls on the viewer and makes the wall darker. The windows offer a view of the landscape in blue tones. The very figure of Madonna seems to be illuminated , coming from somewhere in front. The woman looks at the child tenderly and thoughtfully. Madonna's face is depicted in profile, there is no smile on her lips, only a certain image of her lurks in the corners. The baby looks absentmindedly at the viewer, holding his mother's chest with his right hand. In his left hand the child holds
.
The work was written for the rulers of Milan, then passed on to the family
, and for several centuries was in their private collection. Original title paintings - “Madonna and Child”. Modern name the painting comes from the name of its owner - Count Litt, owner of the family art gallery V. He turned to with an offer to sell it along with several other paintings. IN together with the other three paintings “Madonna Litta” was acquired by the Hermitage for 100 thousand
.
Raphael. Holy family(Madonna with beardless Joseph)
Raphael’s fourth painting in the Hermitage, “Madonna with Beardless Joseph,” was painted two years later during that intermediate period, when the artist was saying goodbye to the experiences of his youth and had not yet fully mastered the new trends that enveloped him in Florence.
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— one of two works
, left after1930s.
The picture got intoin the 18th century, together with the collection of Pierre , who purchased it from at a large discount due to the fact that the canvas was rewritten by an incompetent artist for restoration purposes. Subsequentand unsuccessful restoration attempts are not in the best possible way affected the condition of the work. Experts in the 19th and early 20th centuries expressed doubts about its authenticity, which is why the Soviet government in the 1930s. It was not possible to find a foreign buyer for it.
Babydepicted sitting in a complex, mobile pose on the womb . To her right stands, leaning on a staff, an elderly man with gray hair; his gaze is fixed on the baby. Art critics traditionally see the old man as
, who was usually portrayed as immersed in deep thought about the fate of his son that had been revealed to him. This is a very rare image of Joseph without a beard, hence the second title of the painting - “ Madonna with Beardless Joseph».
Material from Wikipedia.
One of the most early works Raphael. In a circle exactly inscribed in a square, a young woman is depicted, covered with a blue scarf. She keeps in right hand a book, pressing his left hand to himself little son and they together - a naked boy and his mother - look at the book. It was originally painted on wood and formed a single whole with a frame, supposedly made from a drawing by Raphael. When transferring the painting from wood to canvas, it was discovered that at first Raphael depicted a pomegranate apple in the Madonna’s hand (as in Perugino’s drawing), which he later replaced with a book. "Madonna Conestabile" was created for Duke Alfano di Diamante in Perugia. In the 18th century it was inherited by the Counts Conestabile della Staffa. From their collection the painting was acquired in 1871 for Winter Palace, from where she entered the Hermitage in 1881.
The painting "Madonna" belongs to late period creativity of Simone Martini, his stay in the south of France, in Avignon, in 1339-1342.
It is a fold of a diptych in which the scene of the Annunciation was depicted. The picture captivates beautiful combination golden background with red and blue tones of clothes, melodious smoothness of lines, graceful movement of Mary’s thin hands. In the elongated proportions and curved silhouette of the figure, the influence of the Gothic style is felt.
TITIAN (Tiziano Vecellio)
1485/90-1576
“The Penitent Mary Magdalene” shocks with power and depth human feeling, perfectly understood and conveyed by Titian. The artist reproduced not the religious ecstasy of a repentant sinner who had withdrawn from the world, but the suffering of a woman, earthly and beautiful, left alone with her grief.
The painting was created by Titian in the late period of his creativity, in the 1560s. Apparently, it made a great impression on contemporaries, and many wanted to have a copy of this composition: several versions and copies of it have survived to this day.
In 1668, Ridolfi wrote that after Titian's death a number of paintings remained in his studio, among which he named "Mary Magdalene", bought by the Barbarigo family in 1581. It remained in this collection until it was acquired by the Hermitage in 1850.
Giorgione
Judith, c.1504
Oil on canvas (transferred from board).
"Judith" (
Giuditta) is the only painting in Russia that is unanimously attributed. Stored in
.
The painting came to the Hermitage in 1772 from the Parisian collection of Antoine Crozat (d. 1770), Baron de Thiers. The collection was created by the baron's uncle, a banker
.
Giorgione, unlike many artists who turned to
plot, created a surprisingly peaceful picture. Judith, holding a sword in her right hand, leans on a low parapet. Her left leg rests on the head of Holofernes. A harmonious seascape unfolds behind Judith.
"Lady in Blue" —picture of english
, located in State Hermitage, where it came from the collection
by will in 1916. This is the only work by Gainsborough located in Russia. According to the unconfirmed opinion of some researchers, the portrait depicts the Duchess de Beaufort.
The painting dates back to the heyday of Gainsborough's talent, when he created whole line poetic women's portraits in style
. The artist managed to convey the refined beauty and aristocratic elegance of the lady, the graceful movement of the hand supporting the shawl.
“It is not so much the mood of the model that is conveyed, but what the artist himself is looking for in her. The "Lady in Blue" has a dreamy look and a soft line of shoulders. Her thin neck seems unable to bear the weight of her hair, and her head bends slightly, like an exotic flower on a thin stem. Built on an exquisite harmony of cool tones, the portrait seems to be woven from light strokes, varied in shape and density. It seems that the strands of hair were not painted with a brush, but drawn with a soft pencil.”
Johann Friedrich August Tischbein (1750-1812), painter. Portraitist. Representatives of classicism. He worked in many cities in Germany, France, Holland, Italy, and Russia.
Christina Robertson (née Sanders, born 1796 in
(English)
. On the fabric she received a miraculous “true image” of the face of Jesus. In addition to this common Christian tradition, Orthodox Church considers Veronica to be the bleeding woman who received healing from touching the hem of Christ's robe
.
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the multifaceted functionary, the all-encompassing genius of the Renaissance - artist, thinker, researcher, inventor. Leonardo da Vinci embodied the brave and cherished desires his contemporaries, the people of the Renaissance - the era of the greatest modern revolution. Leonardo persistently and tirelessly strives to master and absolutely accurately understand the real, earthly world- the magnificent world around man; to catch a pattern in the life of nature, to catch shades of light and colors of things and air; master the mechanics of movement and existence human body - most beautiful creature nature; in the end, look into the soul, in inner world person and understand this inner world in unbreakable connection with material life, notice gestures and glances that reveal a person’s spiritual movements.
Very few paintings by Leonardo da Vinci have survived to this day, and of these, those stored in the Hermitage constitute a significant portion of his artistic heritage.
In the 214th hall of the Hermitage two paintings are exhibited small paintings. This is produced by Leonardo da Vinci (1452- 1519) Benois Madonna and Madonna Litta. Both are written on the same subject: Madonna and Child. No more paintings by Leonardo on this topic have survived.
“Madonna with a Flower” is one of the first works of the young Leonardo. It's not too much big picture unpresentable chamber project. The designer takes on a theme that was extensively developed by his predecessors and contemporaries. Already they saw in the image of the Madonna not the personification heavenly powers, but a poetic embodiment of femininity and motherhood. Although the designers of the 15th century. there was still something left unsaid in own works, their Madonnas seemed constrained in movements and feelings, keeping in their own form the remnants of convention. The painting was painted on a board, and later, when it entered the Hermitage, it was transferred to canvas.
In his work on Madonna Benois, Leonardo used the technique oil painting, which practically no one knew in Florence before. And although the colors inevitably changed over five centuries, becoming less bright, it is still clearly noticeable that the young Leonardo abandoned the variety of colors traditional for Florence. Instead, he makes extensive use of opportunities oil paints to more accurately convey the texture of materials and nuances of light and shade. The bluish-green color scheme replaced the red light in which the Madonna was usually dressed from the painting. At the same time, an ocher color was chosen for the sleeves and cloak, harmonizing the ratio of cold and warm shades.
The second painting by Leonardo da Vinci, stored in the Hermitage, “Madonna Litta”, was completed a few years later. This time the designer chose the harshest look of Madonna’s face, presented the painting in a different color scheme, including turning again to the tempera technique, introducing, however, a number of fresh methods into it (Leonardo tirelessly carried out various experiments) Although main content, ideological content The work is the same as before: the same humanity, the same love for the real, living feelings of people permeates the entire work.
Some art historians draw attention to elements of the painting that are unusual for Leonardo’s style, in particular, to the unnatural pose of the baby. It is assumed that at least the figure of the baby belongs to the brush of one of Leonardo’s students, most likely Boltraffio.
The work was written for the rulers of Milan, then passed to the Litta family, and was in their private collection for several centuries. The original title of the painting was “Madonna and Child”. The modern name of the painting comes from the name of its owner - Count Litta, owner of the family art gallery in Milan. In 1864, he approached the Hermitage with an offer to buy it along with several other paintings. In 1865, along with three other paintings. Madonna Litta was acquired by the Hermitage for 100 thousand francs.
Interesting Facts: - a sketch of the Madonna’s head, made by Leonardo during the preparation of the painting, is now kept in the Louvre; - Pavel Kogan and Sergei Solovyov filmed with a hidden camera in 1966 documentary“Look at the Face” - about visitors to the Hermitage looking at the Litta Madonna; - the picture is present in one of the frames of the 2006 film “The Da Vinci Code”; - the painting was used in the design of the album “Creature” by musician Dolphin.
In both paintings, Da Vinci places the Madonna and Child in a dimly lit room, where the only source light is provided by a double window located in the depths. Its greenish light cannot dispel the twilight, but at the same time is sufficient to highlight the figure of the Madonna and the young Christ. The main “work” is done by the light pouring from the top left. Thanks to him, the master manages to enliven the picture with the play of chiaroscuro and sculpt the volume of two figures.
It is likely that both paintings were Leonardo's first works as an independent painter. At that time he was only 26 years old and it had already been six years since he left the workshop of his teacher Andrea Verrocchio. He already had his own style, but, of course, he relied heavily on the experience of the Florentines of the 15th century. There is also no doubt that Leonardo knew about the painting “Madonna and Child,” executed by his teacher in 1466-1470. As a consequence, for both pictures general features are both the three-quarter rotation of the bodies and the similarity of the images: the youth of both Madonnas and the large heads of the Babies.
Advertising In the 214th hall of the Hermitage, two small paintings are exhibited - these are works by Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519).
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of this multifaceted figure, the all-encompassing genius of the Renaissance - artist, thinker, scientist, inventor. In the person of Leonardo da Vinci, the boldest and most cherished aspirations of his contemporaries, the people of the Renaissance - the era of the greatest progressive revolution - were embodied.
Da Vinci's paintings in the Hermitage: about the paintings "Madonna Benois" and "Madonna Litta"
Leonardo da Vinci gave the world many masterpieces in the fields of science, medicine, and engineering. His contribution to art is no less highly valued. Da Vinci's painting is considered a world classic, each painting of which is a symbol of the Renaissance. The works can be enjoyed in the Hermitage, Louvre, Uffizi, as well as in other institutions in different countries.
The modern Hermitage, located in St. Petersburg, houses two paintings by Leonardo within its walls: “Benois Madonna”; "Madonna Litta". Both works are placed in room No. 214 of the Big (Old) Hermitage.
The Benois Madonna, or as it is often called the Madonna of the Flower, was painted around 1478, while the young da Vinci was in Florence. Even then, the genius looked at the world differently, so he created a simple, youthful and not particularly beautiful face for Madonna. Other artists painted her as an adult and emphatically beautiful. The master also went beyond the portrait, creating a genre scene. Baby Jesus doesn't just sit on his mother's lap, he plays with the flower she holds out to him. This seems charming to the young girl, a gentle smile freezes on her lips, and warmth is clearly visible in her eyes.
The master created the Madonna Litta in 1490. The characters depicted on it - the Madonna and the baby Jesus - are radically different from those placed in the painting “Benois Madonna”. Now the girl looks older, stricter. In her eyes, as before, one can read love and tenderness, but only a hint of the smile remained, and the naivety in her gaze gave way to thoughtfulness. The child has curls on his head, while the Jesus of Benoit's Madonna is bald. The artist added to the new painting a landscape outside the windows, immersing you in an atmosphere of tranquility.
Da Vinci's paintings in the Hermitage: why were they moved?
For the first time in 40 years, Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings “Benois Madonna” and “Madonna Litta” were moved to the State Hermitage Museum.
The paintings were placed in new display cases, moved away from the aisle and turned so that it was more convenient for visitors to view them, they reported with reference to the director of the museum, Mikhail Piotrovsky.
“A year ago, we decided to open the display cases to make it more convenient for the public and to ensure proper circulation,” noted Piotrovsky.
According to him, the new display cases have a climate stabilization system and “the storage conditions for paintings have not changed, by and large, and this is a plus.”
“The systems must ensure that all conditions - humidity, temperature - are the same as the paintings have become accustomed to over the past 40 years,” explained Piotrovsky.
In addition, the lighting of the exhibits has changed. Previously, the light from the windows fell on them from the side, but now it falls straight on.”
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