History of Russian culture of the 20th century Ryabtsev Kozlenko. Jokes from school essays
The course “History of Russian Culture” is integrative in nature and is intended for students in grades 7-9 high school and meets educational standards.
Russian city of the early 20th century.
What new appeared in the appearance and improvement of the Russian city in the 18th-19th centuries? How was this related to changes in socio-economic and public life countries of that period?
New in the appearance of the city. The appearance of Russian cities at the beginning of the 20th century. began to change quickly. Big cities began to grow upward. Five, six and even seven-story buildings are no longer rare. In 1912, the first 10-story residential building was built in the center of Moscow (ill. 1).
Urban land is rapidly becoming more expensive in the era of capitalism. Price square meter land in the center of St. Petersburg at the beginning of the 20th century. reached 100 rubles (for comparison: average salary worker was about two hundred rubles a year), so they began to build more closely. In the interests of economy, residential buildings were built in the form of a square (closed rectangle), inside which courtyards-wells were left, necessary for lighting the apartments. This rather unattractive picture was especially characteristic of St. Petersburg at that time. The central streets were lined with elegant facades of large houses, behind which cramped gloomy courtyards were hidden.
The outskirts of industrial cities were built up with buildings of factories and factories. Tall smoking chimneys have become an integral part of the urban landscape of the working-class outskirts.
And old. These changes affected primarily large cities. Small ones, and there were an overwhelming majority of them in Russia, remained the same as a hundred and more years back. In the center is a shopping area where the cathedral and the mayor's house stood. Nearby there is a government building (city government), a gymnasium, a fire tower, etc.
Content
FOR YOUNG READERS 5
PART 1 RUSSIAN CULTURE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY 7
Chapter 1. RUSSIAN CITY AND CULTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
1. Russian city of the early 20th century 8
2. Life and everyday life of townspeople 16
3. City holidays 25
4. Art Nouveau style 34
5. Artistic associations beginning of the 20th century 41
6. Russian avant-garde 53
7. Theatre, cinema and music 63
Events and dates 72
PART 2 CULTURE OF THE SOVIET TIME 75
Chapter 2. FORMATION OF SOVIET CULTURE. 1917-1920s
8. First cultural transformations 76
9. Artistic associations of the 20s 82
10. Soviet architecture of the 20s 91
11. Theater and cinema 98
Events and dates 106
Chapter 3. SOVIET CULTURE OF THE 30'S - EARLY 50'S
12. Cultural policy 30s 110
13. Tragedy of culture 117
14. Cultural achievements 30s 125
15. War and culture 137
16. Culture of the first post-war decade 146
Events and dates 155
Chapter 4. LIFE AND WAY OF SOVIET PEOPLE
17. Life of a Soviet person 158
18. Education of the Soviet man 166
19. Soviet holidays 174
Events and dates 183
Chapter 5. CULTURE OF RUSSIAN ABROAD
20. The emergence of the Russian diaspora 185
21. Culture of Russian abroad 192
Events and dates 199
Chapter 6. CULTURE OF THE “THAW” PERIOD
22. Changes in cultural policy 201
23. Art of the “Thaw” period 207
Events and dates 215
Chapter 7. CULTURE OF THE PERIOD OF “STAGNATION”
24. Cultural policy of the period of “stagnation” 218
25. Official art 224
26. Unofficial art 232
27. Author's song 241
28. Culture of the new Russian diaspora 247
Events and dates 254
PART 3 CULTURE OF THE LAST DECADE OF THE XX CENTURY 257
Chapter 8. CULTURE OF THE REFORM PERIOD
29. Culture of the period of “perestroika” and the collapse of the USSR 258
Events and dates 264
30. Features national culture XX century 265
The main events cultural life XX century 268
Final tasks and questions 272
APPLICATIONS
DICTIONARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 273
DICTIONARY OF NAMES 279
DICTIONARY OF CULTURAL MONUMENTS 293
DICTIONARY OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS 298
RECOMMENDED READING 303.
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History of Russian culture, 20th century, 9th grade, Ryabtsev Yu.S., Kozlenko S.I., 2008.
The course “History of Russian Culture” is integrative in nature, intended for students in grades 7-9 of secondary school and meets educational standards.
Russian city of the early 20th century.
What new appeared in the appearance and improvement of the Russian city in the 18th-19th centuries? How was this related to changes in the socio-economic and social life of the country during that period?
New in the appearance of the city. The appearance of Russian cities at the beginning of the 20th century. began to change quickly. Large cities began to grow upward. Five, six and even seven-story buildings are no longer rare. In 1912, the first 10-story residential building was built in the center of Moscow (ill. 1).
Urban land is rapidly becoming more expensive in the era of capitalism. The cost of a square meter of land in the center of St. Petersburg at the beginning of the 20th century. reached 100 rubles (for comparison: the average worker’s salary was about two hundred rubles a year), so they began to build more closely. In the interests of economy, residential buildings were built in the form of a square (closed rectangle), inside which courtyards-wells were left, necessary for lighting the apartments. This rather unattractive picture was especially characteristic of St. Petersburg at that time. The central streets were lined with elegant facades of large houses, behind which cramped gloomy courtyards were hidden.
The outskirts of industrial cities were built up with buildings of factories and factories. Tall smoking chimneys have become an integral part of the urban landscape of the working-class outskirts.
And old. These changes affected primarily large cities. The small ones, and there was an overwhelming majority of them in Russia, remained the same as a hundred or more years ago. In the center is a shopping area where the cathedral and the mayor's house stood. Nearby there is a government building (city government), a gymnasium, a fire tower, etc.
Content
FOR YOUNG READERS 5
PART 1 RUSSIAN CULTURE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY 7
Chapter 1. RUSSIAN CITY AND CULTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
1. Russian city of the early 20th century 8
2. Life and everyday life of townspeople 16
3. City holidays 25
4. Art Nouveau style 34
5. Artistic associations of the early 20th century 41
6. Russian avant-garde 53
7. Theatre, cinema and music 63
Events and dates 72
PART 2 CULTURE OF THE SOVIET TIME 75
Chapter 2. FORMATION OF SOVIET CULTURE. 1917-1920s
8. First cultural transformations 76
9. Artistic associations of the 20s 82
10. Soviet architecture of the 20s 91
11. Theater and cinema 98
Events and dates 106
Chapter 3. SOVIET CULTURE OF THE 30'S - EARLY 50'S
12. Cultural policy of the 30s 110
13. Tragedy of culture 117
14. Cultural achievements of the 30s 125
15. War and culture 137
16. Culture of the first post-war decade 146
Events and dates 155
Chapter 4. LIFE AND WAY OF SOVIET PEOPLE
17. Life of a Soviet person 158
18. Education of the Soviet man 166
19. Soviet holidays 174
Events and dates 183
Chapter 5. CULTURE OF RUSSIAN ABROAD
20. The emergence of the Russian diaspora 185
21. Culture of Russian abroad 192
Events and dates 199
Chapter 6. CULTURE OF THE “THAW” PERIOD
22. Changes in cultural policy 201
23. Art of the “Thaw” period 207
Events and dates 215
Chapter 7. CULTURE OF THE PERIOD OF “STAGNATION”
24. Cultural policy of the period of “stagnation” 218
25. Official art 224
26. Unofficial art 232
27. Author's song 241
28. Culture of the new Russian diaspora 247
Events and dates 254
PART 3 CULTURE OF THE LAST DECADE OF THE XX CENTURY 257
Chapter 8. CULTURE OF THE REFORM PERIOD
29. Culture of the period of “perestroika” and the collapse of the USSR 258
Events and dates 264
30. Features of Russian culture of the 20th century 265
The main events of cultural life of the 20th century 268
Final tasks and questions 272
APPLICATIONS
DICTIONARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 273
DICTIONARY OF NAMES 279
DICTIONARY OF CULTURAL MONUMENTS 293
DICTIONARY OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS 298
RECOMMENDED READING 303.
History of Russian culture. XX century 9th grade. Ryabtsev Yu.S., Kozlenko S.I.
M.: 2008 - 303 p.
The course “History of Russian Culture” is integrative in nature, intended for students in grades 7-9 of secondary school and meets educational standards.
Format: pdf
Size: 109.7 MB
Download: drive.google ;
Content
FOR YOUNG READERS 5
PART 1 RUSSIAN CULTURE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY 7
Chapter 1. RUSSIAN CITY AND CULTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
1. Russian city of the early 20th century 8
2. Life and everyday life of townspeople 16
3. City holidays 25
4. Art Nouveau style 34
5. Artistic associations of the early 20th century 41
6. Russian avant-garde 53
7. Theatre, cinema and music 63
Events and dates 72
PART 2 CULTURE OF THE SOVIET TIME 75
Chapter 2. FORMATION OF SOVIET CULTURE. 1917-1920s
8. First cultural transformations 76
9. Artistic associations of the 20s 82
10. Soviet architecture of the 20s 91
11. Theater and cinema 98
Events and dates 106
Chapter 3. SOVIET CULTURE OF THE 30'S - EARLY 50'S
12. Cultural policy of the 30s 110
13. Tragedy of culture 117
14. Cultural achievements of the 30s 125
15. War and culture 137
16. Culture of the first post-war decade 146
Events and dates 155
Chapter 4. LIFE AND WAY OF SOVIET PEOPLE
17. Life of a Soviet person 158
18. Education of the Soviet man 166
19. Soviet holidays 174
Events and dates 183
Chapter 5. CULTURE OF RUSSIAN ABROAD
20. The emergence of the Russian diaspora 185
21. Culture of Russian abroad 192
Events and dates 199
Chapter 6. CULTURE OF THE “THAW” PERIOD
22. Changes in cultural policy 201
23. Art of the “Thaw” period 207
Events and dates 215
Chapter 7. CULTURE OF THE PERIOD OF “STAGNATION”
24. Cultural policy of the period of “stagnation” 218
25. Official art 224
26. Unofficial art 232
27. Author's song 241
28. Culture of the new Russian diaspora 247
Events and dates 254
PART 3 CULTURE OF THE LAST DECADE OF THE XX CENTURY 257
Chapter 8. CULTURE OF THE REFORM PERIOD
29. Culture of the period of “perestroika” and the collapse of the USSR 258
Events and dates 264
30. Features of Russian culture of the 20th century 265
The main events of cultural life of the 20th century 268
Final tasks and questions 272
APPLICATIONS
DICTIONARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 273
DICTIONARY OF NAMES 279
DICTIONARY OF CULTURAL MONUMENTS 293
DICTIONARY OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS 298
RECOMMENDED READING 303
M.: 2008 - 303 p.
The course “History of Russian Culture” is integrative in nature, intended for students in grades 7-9 of secondary school and meets educational standards.
Format: pdf/zip
Size: 103.6 MB
The quality is very good. The textbook was scanned and sent by “papaVlad”. Thank you very much.
FOR YOUNG READERS 5
PART 1 RUSSIAN CULTURE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY 7
Chapter 1. RUSSIAN CITY AND CULTURE OF THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
1. Russian city of the early 20th century 8
2. Life and everyday life of townspeople 16
3. City holidays 25
4. Art Nouveau style 34
5. Artistic associations of the early 20th century 41
6. Russian avant-garde 53
7. Theatre, cinema and music 63
Events and dates 72
PART 2 CULTURE OF THE SOVIET TIME 75
Chapter 2. FORMATION OF SOVIET CULTURE. 1917-1920s
8. First cultural transformations 76
9. Artistic associations of the 20s 82
10. Soviet architecture of the 20s 91
11. Theater and cinema 98
Events and dates 106
Chapter 3. SOVIET CULTURE OF THE 30'S - EARLY 50'S
12. Cultural policy of the 30s 110
13. Tragedy of culture 117
14. Cultural achievements of the 30s 125
15. War and culture 137
16. Culture of the first post-war decade 146
Events and dates 155
Chapter 4. LIFE AND WAY OF SOVIET PEOPLE
17. Life of a Soviet person 158
18. Education of the Soviet man 166
19. Soviet holidays 174
Events and...
Relax - look at pictures, jokes and funny statuses
Various aphorisms
When you think about foreign language, then completely different thoughts come.
Quotes and Statuses with meaning
If you couldn't find yourself, how will others find you?!
Jokes from school essays
First railways helped people get into unreached places.
Yu.S. Ryabtsev S.I. Kozlenko
AND THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN CULTURE in the 18th–19th centuries.
Student Guide 8
educational institutions class
Moscow 2008
UDC 930.85 BBK 70ya72
Ryabtsev Yu.S.
P98 History of Russian culture. XVIII–XIX centuries 8th grade : a manual for students of general education. institutions /Yu.S. Ryabtsev, S.I. Kozlenko. - M.: Humanitarian. ed. VLADOS center, 2008. - 319 p. : ill.
ISBN 978-5 691 00774 3.
The course “History of Russian Culture” is integrative in nature, intended for students in grades 7–9 of secondary school and meets educational standards.
The manual for grade 8 introduces students to architecture, painting, sculpture, theatrical art. Schoolchildren will learn about the traditions, customs and life of all levels of society in the 18th–19th centuries. The fashions of that time, court life and entertainment, and leisure time of the nobles are described in detail.
UDC 930.85 BBK 70ya72
TO OUR YOUNG READERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
CULTURE OF THE 18TH CENTURY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Chapter 1. CULTURE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY
1. Enlightenment and education of Peter’s time. . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2. Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3. Birth new painting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4. Elizabethan Baroque. Academy of Arts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Chapter 2. CULTURE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY
5. St. Petersburg classicism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 6. Moscow classicism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 7. Four painters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 8. The art of sculpture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 9. Theater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Chapter 3. LIFE OF NOBILES AND EMPERORS
10. Fashions of the 18th century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 11. Peace noble estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 12. Life of nobles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 13. Coronation of emperors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 14. Imperial court. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 15. Court life and entertainment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Events and dates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
CULTURE OF THE 19TH CENTURY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Chapter 4. CULTURE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th century. | ||
Russian Empire style. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Russian city of modern times. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Painting first half of the 19th century V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Mid-Century Masters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Chapter 5. LIFE AND LIFE OF THE NOBLEMS | ||
Fashions of Pushkin's time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Master's feast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
A secular person. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Leisure of the nobles. Duels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Chapter 6. CULTURE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY | ||
Association of Itinerants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Artists and genres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Mamontovsky art circle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
"World of Art" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Chapter 7. LIFE AND WAY OF MERCHANTS | ||
Lifestyle of merchants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Merchants are philanthropists and collectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Events and dates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
Features of Russian culture of the New Age. . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
APPLICATION | ||
GLOSSARY OF TERMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
DICTIONARY OF NAMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
DICTIONARY OF CULTURAL MONUMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
DICTIONARY OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | ||
TO OUR YOUNG READERS
Dear Guys!
In the past academic year you studied
Russian medieval culture. Now you have to meet the cult<
swarm XVIII–XIX centuries. , i.e. New time.
It is very vast and varied. We invite you to get acquainted with painting)
sue, architecture, sculpture, theater,
education, with the life and way of life of emperors, as well as some classes of Russian)
th society - nobles and merchants.
The new manual has the same structure as the previous one (“History of Russian culture”)
tours of the 11th–17th centuries”). It has material
mandatory for everyone, as well as additional - "Material for the curious<
nykh" . It is intended for those who are seriously but interested in culture and want to know as much as possible about it. Finally, there are ancient documents addressed to students who are not afraid of “puzzling”
Denmark (by the way difficult tasks in the book)
marked with *).
To make reading fun)
Nominally, each paragraph has a small section “ Did you know that...". He
contains interesting and sometimes unexpected data historical facts. Special attention)
Pay attention to the illustrations. How from)
It is known that it is better to see once than to hear ten times.
The appendices at the end of the book will help you in studying Russian culture. They included dictionaries: terms, names, cultural monuments and cultural institutions)
tours. Each word is given an explanation,
and also indicates the page on which it was first mentioned. Finally, for those who
wants to know as much as possible about Russian
culture of the New Age, given by<
juice of additional literature.
So, good luck through the pages on)
Shey books!
CULTURE
1. What was the main feature of Russian medieval culture?
2. Which state provided greatest influence for the development of Russian culture in XI–XVII centuries?
3. What types of art were known in medieval Rus'?
Remember
IN XVIII century in Russia a type has developed New Age culture< мени , which differed in many ways from the medieval one. Her main feature was secular character. Education, art, li)
literature - all this was freed from the influence of church and religion.
Throughout the 18th century. Russia has constantly experienced
strong cultural influence most developed European
countries, primarily France and Italy. Russian people traveled
go there to study. Many foreigners - scientists, painters, sculptors, architects - worked in Russia. Petersburg was built)
It is mainly due to the efforts of foreign architects.
IN Modern times Russian culture has become more diverse.
IN In the 18th century such independent species arts, such as theater, sculpture. It has become richer and more diverse
painting, literature, music.
Not only artistic but also everyday culture has changed. This is best seen in the example of the nobility, which
to dress, eat, drink and have fun in the “European manner”.
At all culture XVIII V. in its content was noble<
sky, i.e. expressed the interests and tastes of this class of Russian society.
CULTURE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY
Russian culture of modern times goes back to the Petrine era. Under Peter, enlightenment arose in Russia: a newspaper appeared, the first museum opened its doors and public library. At the beginning of the 18th century. A system of secular education began to take shape: various schools and universities appeared. Peter signed a decree establishing the Academy of Sciences.
In the first half of the 18th century. great changes have occurred in the area artistic culture. Many new things have appeared in architecture and painting. Sculpture became widespread. The theater became a popular spectacle.
IN mid-18th century V. dominance in Russian art) |
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shaft art style baroque, amazing pomp) |
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fulness and beauty. |
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1. Enlightenment and education of Peter the Great |
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Were newspapers known in Rus' in the Middle Ages? |
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museums, libraries, universities, secular schools |
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Remember | ly, Academy of Sciences? |
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The Petrine era occupies a special place in Russian |
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culture of the New Age. As already mentioned, here le) |
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its roots are being reaped. Special role in the transformations of Peter from) |
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led enlightenment. Broad reforms were required |
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a large number of enlightened, educated people. |
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The birth of the Russian press. IN early XVIII V. |
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The first Russian printed newspaper began to appear in Moscow) |
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Zeta "Vedomosti" (ill. 1). Earliest extant) |
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was printed in a large circulation for its time |
|||||
(about 1 thousand copies) and contained a lot of information) |
|||||
interesting information about inner life Russia |
|||||
and events abroad (see document 1). They went out |
|||||
Vedomosti irregularly: from one to seventy measures per year.
The newspaper looked little like a modern one: large sheets of rough grayish paper collected in a notebook. The text was printed in Cyrillic with small, uneven letters and had no illustrations.
Later, Vedomosti began to publish new, robbery< данским шрифтом (ill. 2), which, with some modifications, is still used to this day. Changing the graphics of the letters made them simpler and clearer.
Innovations also affected spelling. Some extra letters were removed from the alphabet - “omega”, “psi”, later “Izhitsa” and some others. The “titlo” icon, which indicated the omission of letters in a word, and the “strength” symbol, an accent mark, have been abolished. Numbers that were previously written in letters are now written in Arabic numerals.
Book of New Times. Peter understood perfectly well that without books it is impossible to disseminate knowledge and therefore contributed in every possible way to their printing. For the first quarter of the 18th century. More books were published in Russia than in the previous 150 years. Their content has also changed. Previously, these were mainly church ones)
Vedomosti newspaper. 1703
The first sheet of the Grazh< данской азбуки с исправлениями Петра I
What font is the text of the Vedomosti newspaper printed in? How does it differ from the civil script (ill. 2), introduced by Peter I?
Remember what the features of Russian medieval spelling were.
