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| Egor Antonovich Engelhardt | |
| Georg Rheingold von Engelhardt | |
| Portrait of E.A. Engelhardt, written by the Lyceum drawing teacher P.I. Porokhovnikov (1877) Portrait of E.A. Engelhardt, written by a lyceum art teacher P.I. Porokhovnikov (1877) |
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| Birth name: |
Georg Reinhold Gustav von Engelhardt |
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| Occupation: |
writer and teacher, director of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum |
| Date of Birth: | |
| Citizenship: |
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| Nationality: |
Russian empire22x20px Russian empire |
| A country: |
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| Date of death: |
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| Father: |
Anton Vladimirovich von Engelhardt |
| Mother: |
Christina di Priadda |
| Spouse: |
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| Spouse: |
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| Awards and prizes: |
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| Autograph: |
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| Website: |
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| Miscellaneous: |
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| [[Lua error in Module:Wikidata/Interproject on line 17: attempt to index field "wikibase" (a nil value). |Works]] in Wikisource | |
Egor Antonovich Engelhardt(at birth Georg Reinhold Gustav von Engelhardt, German Georg Rheingold Gustav von Engelhardt ; August 12, Riga - January 15) - Russian writer and teacher from the Engelhardt family.
Biography
Engelhardt was raised by his intelligent and highly educated mother. At the age of eight, he was sent to the Bardevik boarding school for girls, famous at that time in St. Petersburg, where boys and girls studied. Among his teachers were A. Storch and L. Kraft (academicians), Busse and others who gained fame in the scientific world. Engelhardt showed a rare ability for learning languages very early on. He then supplemented his knowledge acquired at the boarding school with private lessons at home Latin language and mathematics; but he owes all his multifaceted information, which subsequently earned him the title of member of various educational societies, to himself.
Upon reaching the age of 16, he entered active service as a sergeant in the Preobrazhensky Regiment. For one year he was an orderly under Prince Potemkin and participated in the construction famous holiday given by the prince to the empress. In 1793, Engelhardt was sent as a courier to Vienna. Two years later he was transferred to the Smolensk Dragoon Regiment and, with the rank of captain, was seconded to the office of Prince Zubov. Soon after, in 1796, Engelhardt moved to the College of Foreign Affairs, to the office of Vice-Chancellor Prince Kurakin, whose special trust, attention and favor he was able to quickly acquire.
He died on January 15, 1862 and was buried at the Smolensk Lutheran Cemetery.
Wrote on economic and agricultural issues. A number of his articles were published in the publication of A. K. Storch “Russland unter Alexander I” (27 issue, St. Petersburg and Leipzig, -). In '52, the newspaper “Russische Landwirtschaftliche Zeitung” was published under his editorship. Based on the handwritten diaries of F. P. Wrangel, he published a description of his journey through Siberia under the title: “Reise längs der Nordküste von Sibirien und auf dem Eismeer in den Jähren -” (Berlin,).
Family
Was married to Maria Yakovlevna (Augusta Maria) Whitaker(1778-1858), she was born in Reval to the Englishman James Whitaker and Baroness Anne von der Palen. The name of Maria Yakovlevna is often mentioned in letters and memoirs of lyceum students and classmates of A. S. Pushkin. She died in St. Petersburg and was buried at the Smolensk Lutheran Cemetery. The marriage had seven children:
- Alexander Egorovich (1801-1844)
- Maxim Egorovich (1803-1858)
- Anna (Augusta) Egorovna (1804-1831)
- Elizaveta Egorovna(1805-1873), was married to R. F. Osten-Sacken.
- Natalya (Louise) Egorovna(1806-1845), was married to A.F. Osten-Sacken.
- Vladimir Egorovich(1808-18..), author of memoirs about his father.
- Olga Egorovna (1812-18..).
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Literature
Engelhardt, Egor Antonovich // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
An excerpt characterizing Engelhardt, Egor Antonovich
“Can you help me from there, father?” I asked with hidden hope.– I don’t know, dear... I haven’t understood this world yet. I am like a child taking its first steps... I have to first “learn to walk” before I can answer you... And now I have to go. Sorry, honey. First I must learn to live between our two worlds. And then I will come to you more often. Take courage, Isidora, and never give in to Karaffa. He will definitely get what he deserves, believe me.
My father’s voice became quieter until it became completely thin and disappeared... My soul calmed down. It really was HIM!.. And he lived again, only now in his own, still unfamiliar to me, posthumous world... But he still thought and felt, as he himself had just said - even much brighter than when he lived on Earth. I could no longer be afraid that I would never know about him... That he had left me forever.
But mine female soul, in spite of everything, I still grieved for him... About the fact that I couldn’t just hug him like a human being when I felt lonely... That I couldn’t hide my melancholy and fear on his wide chest, wanting peace... That his strong, gentle palm could no longer stroke my tired head, as if saying that everything would work out and everything would definitely be fine... I desperately missed these small and seemingly insignificant, but so dear, purely “human” joys, and the soul was hungry for them, unable to find peace. Yes, I was a warrior... But I was also a woman. His only daughter, who always knew before that even if the worst happened, my father would always be there, would always be with me... And I painfully missed all this...
Somehow shaking off the surging sadness, I forced myself to think about Karaffa. Such thoughts immediately sobered me up and forced me to gather myself internally, since I perfectly understood that this “peace” was just a temporary respite...
But to my greatest surprise, Caraffa still did not appear...
Days passed and anxiety grew. I tried to come up with some explanations for his absence, but, unfortunately, nothing serious came to mind... I felt that he was preparing something, but I could not guess what. Exhausted nerves gave way. And in order not to completely go crazy from waiting, I started walking around the palace every day. I was not forbidden to go out, but it was also not approved, therefore, not wanting to continue being locked up, I decided for myself that I would go for a walk... despite the fact that perhaps someone would not like it. The palace turned out to be huge and unusually rich. The beauty of the rooms amazed the imagination, but personally I could never live in such eye-catching luxury... The gilding of the walls and ceilings was oppressive, infringing on the craftsmanship of the amazing frescoes, suffocating in the sparkling environment of golden tones. I paid tribute with pleasure to the talent of the artists who painted this wonderful home, admiring their creations for hours and sincerely admiring the finest craftsmanship. So far no one has bothered me, no one has ever stopped me. Although there were always some people who, having met, bowed respectfully and moved on, each rushing about his own business. Despite such false “freedom,” all this was alarming, and each new day brought more and more anxiety. This “calm” could not last forever. And I was almost sure that it would definitely “give birth” to some terrible and painful misfortune for me...
In order to think as little as possible about the bad, every day I forced myself to explore the stunning Papal Palace more deeply and carefully. I was interested in the limits of my capabilities... There must have been a “forbidden” place somewhere, where “strangers” were not allowed to enter?.. But, strangely enough, so far it has not been possible to provoke any “reaction” from the guards... I was freely allowed to walk wherever I wanted, of course, without leaving the palace itself.
So, completely freely walking around the home of the Holy Pope, I racked my brains, not imagining what this inexplicable, long “break” meant. I knew for sure that Caraffa was very often in his chambers. Which meant only one thing: he had not yet gone on long trips. But for some reason he still didn’t bother me, as if he had sincerely forgotten that I was in his captivity and that I was still alive...
During my “walks” I met many different, wonderful visitors who came to visit the Holy Pope. These were cardinals and some very high-ranking persons unfamiliar to me (which I judged by their clothes and how proudly and independently they behaved with the others). But after they left the Pope’s chambers, all these people no longer looked as confident and independent as they had before visiting the reception... After all, for Caraffa, as I already said, it didn’t matter who the person standing in front of him was, the only important one for the Pope it was HIS WILL. And nothing else mattered. Therefore, I very often saw very “shabby” visitors, fussily trying to leave the “biting” Papal chambers as quickly as possible...
On one of the same, absolutely identical “gloomy” days, I suddenly decided to do something that had been haunting me for a long time - to finally visit the ominous Papal cellar... I knew that this was probably “fraught with consequences,” but the anticipation of danger was a hundred times worse than the danger itself.
And I decided...
Going down the narrow stone steps and opening the heavy, sadly familiar door, I found myself in a long, damp corridor that smelled of mold and death... There was no lighting, but moving further was not a big deal, since I always had a good sense of direction In the dark. Many small, very heavy doors sadly alternated one after another, completely lost in the depths of the gloomy corridor... I remembered these gray walls, I remembered the horror and pain that accompanied me every time I had to return from there... But I ordered myself to be strong and not think about the past. She told me to just go.
In January 1816, Georg Reingold (Egor Antonovich) Engelhardt was appointed director of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum after a long period of anarchy associated with the death of... the first director F.M. Malinovsky (1765-1814).
Their pedagogical principles new director expressed as follows:
“Only through heartfelt participation in the joys and sorrows of your pet can you win his love, albeit unconsciously. We must remember that the trust of young men is gained only by actions, for it is not words that speak to the heart, but feelings embodied in actions.”
However, Engelhardt's pedagogical efforts regarding Pushkin did not bring the expected results. The poet was alienated from the new director and until the end of his studies harbored unkind feelings towards him, the reason for which he did not reveal even to his closest friends.
Georg Reingold (Egor Antonovich) Engelhardt was born in 1775 in the city of Riga - the center of German culture the then Riga. Father - Anton Vladimirovich Engelhardt (1729 - 1808), active state councilor. Mother Christina Beata was an Italian who came from a family of Venetian patricians di Priadda (di Priauda).
Engelhardt was raised by his intelligent and highly educated mother. At the age of eight, he was sent to the Bardevik boarding school for girls, famous at that time in St. Petersburg, where boys and girls studied.
Upon reaching the age of 16, he entered active service as a sergeant in the Preobrazhensky Regiment. For one year he was an orderly under Prince Potemkin.
In 1811, due to his special inclination towards educational activities, he was appointed director of the St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute.
He was married to Maria Yakovlevna (Augusta Maria) Whitaker (1778-1858), she was born in Reval to the Englishman James Whitaker and Baroness Anna von der Palen.
The marriage had seven children.
The name of Maria Yakovlevna is often mentioned in letters and memoirs of lyceum students and classmates
A. S. Pushkin.
A big change took place in the lives of lyceum students in 1816.
Engelhardt began to introduce his principles of pedagogy. He believed that in closed educational institution where same-sex pupils are gathered, without the right to go to their parents, it is necessary to create a family atmosphere of communication. Based on this, he began to change the life of the lyceum. The director appeared at the lyceum in his free time from classes and arranged in the evenings open reading books, personally participating in this event as a reader. The pupils began to meet at his home in the presence of a ladies’ company from among his household and relatives.
The new director Engelhard allowed them to visit. Their isolation ended, and the lyceum students immediately made many acquaintances. Cheerful, sociable Pushkin began to visit the Karamzins, the hussar officers.
Above the entrance to Engelhardt's house hung a special emblem with the designation of three symbols: wisdom - an owl, strength - an oak branch, art - a lyre. Pushkin reflected the atmosphere of these years in the poem “Name Day” (1817):
Increase noise and joy;
Sing songs in good time:
Friendship, grace and youth
We have birthday girls.
Meanwhile the child is winged,
Greetings, friends,
Secretly thinks: someday
I'll be the birthday boy!
At first, Pushkin attended evenings with Engelhard, where lyceum students gathered every Saturday. But Pushkin was not his guest for long. Gaevsky, who personally knew the freshmen, says that a young widow, Maria Smith, lived in Engelhard’s family: “Very pretty, kind, witty, she knew how to enliven and unite the society that gathered at Engelhard’s. Pushkin, who immediately began courting her, dedicated a rather immodest message to her “To a young widow” ((“tired of pleasure... when I taste the quick swoon of love...”). But the widow, who had not yet forgotten her husband and was preparing to be a mother, was offended and showed the poem his admirer Engelhard, and this circumstance was the main reason hostile relationship between them, which continued until the end of the course.”
Probably other poems by Pushkin, for example, were dedicated to the widow.
“Letter to Lida”:
According to my speedy steps,
Through voluptuous silence,
By bold, trembling hands,
For inflamed breath
And hot, tender lips,
Find out your lover...
(1817)
During one of his visits to his widow, Pushkin left behind a gold watch, given to him by the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna for the poems that Pushkin wrote for the celebrations of her daughter’s marriage. It is unknown how Engelhardt got this watch, but he guessed that it belonged to Pushkin, since he himself gave him this gift.
The next day, Engelhardt brought the watch to the Lyceum to return it to its owner. Having met with Pushkin, the director handed him his watch with an ironic remark.
Pushkin flushed, realizing what a shameful story he had gotten himself into, snatched his watch, threw it on the floor and crushed it with his heel.
Reviews
Pushkin was friends with Ivan Malinovsky, the eldest son of the first director Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum Vasily Fedorovich Malinovsky (1765-1814). Engelhardt was the second director, and was different... Ivan Malinovsky was one of Pushkin’s best, beloved friends.
