Travel proverbs in German. German proverbs and sayings with translation

Have you made significant progress in learning German, but feel like you're missing out on something? Learning proverbs can inspire you to take the final step and finally speak German fluently.

Proverbs add variety and color to spoken language. The inclusion of proverbs in your speech indicates that you have great lexicon, and you have really mastered the German language. In addition, the use of proverbs is a sure way to grow in the eyes of any native speaker, because this oratorical technique is thoroughly “imbued” with national culture. Learning a few German sayings will not require much effort on your part. Even beginners would do well to supplement their vocabulary with them.

In this article we will arm you with a whole arsenal of proverbs. This is an excellent selection of well-known and less common sayings. You can surprise native speakers with something they haven’t heard themselves. But above all, we have focused on proverbs designed to ignite the spark in you and create the mood for.

• Aller Anfang ist schwer.

Literal translation:“Starting is always difficult.”

It doesn’t matter what you do in life, be it learning a new language, building a career or creating a project, if you start from scratch, then at first you know absolutely nothing. It's part of the natural order of things, and that's the way it should be. Don't worry and keep going until you get it right.

• Des Teufels liebstes Möbelstück ist die lange Bank.

Literal translation:"The long bench is the devil's favorite piece of furniture."

In German, "to put something on a long bench" means "to put something aside" ( etwas auf die lange Bank schieben– another addition to your collection of German slang). It seems that the Germans knew about the tendency to procrastinate long before the word “procrastination” was coined. What are you putting off on the “long bench” that could be done now? Don't let the devil win!

• Wer rastet, der rostet.

Literal translation:“He who does nothing gets rusty.”

This saying indicates that you need to constantly work on your skills to improve them. She also warns about the importance of taking action to achieve something. Too many initiatives never come to fruition and fizzle out because they are not systematically worked on. So, finish what you start before you lose your skills.

• Anfangen ist leicht, Beharren eine Kunst.

Literal translation:“Starting is easy, but continuing is skill.”

Starting something is much easier than finishing it. It has happened to everyone, when starting a new business, to be full of enthusiasm, which faded over time. Maintaining motivation is a skill in itself that needs to be developed.

• Aus Schaden wird man plug.

Literal translation:“You learn from mistakes.”

In many national cultures, it is customary to prevent failure. Nobody likes to get into trouble or fail. However, many people forget that failure is necessary for learning and gaining experience. Without making mistakes, you will never understand how to do it right. To quote Samuel Beckett: “Try. Fall. Doesn't matter. Try again, fail again, fail better.”

• Das Billige ist immer das Teuerste.

Literal translation:“The cheapest is always the most expensive.”

This saying reminds us that it is necessary to invest in quality. While your first instinct is often to go for the cheapest option, in most cases it's worth spending a little more. Be it for educational materials, teachers, services, whatever. It almost always pays off in the long run.

• Du siehst den Wald vor lauter Bäumen nicht.

Literal translation:“You can’t see the forest for the trees.”

In life, it is important to see the whole picture. If we focus only on individual victories or failures instead of seeing life as a whole, we submit to the whims of fate and become easily frustrated. So, don’t give up learning German just because you found the grammar too difficult that day. Tomorrow you can return to this again.

• Erst denken, dann handeln.

Literal translation:“Think first, then act.”

While taking action is important, it is equally important to take the right actions. This proverb reminds us to prioritize and make decisions after careful consideration, instead of rushing blindly into battle.

• Eile mit Weile.

Literal translation:"Hurry up slowly."

Although you need to work hard to achieve your goals and not be lazy ( We'll grow, der rostet, remember?), you need to find time to enjoy life. Concentrating only on end result, it's easy to miss out on all the fun.

• Kümmere Dicht um ungelegte Eier.

Literal translation:"Don't worry about the eggs the hen hasn't laid yet."

This proverb is a bit similar to the English “Don’t count your chickens before they hatch” and the Russian “Chickens are counted in the fall.” The English and Russian versions say that we should not rely on means that we do not have at the moment, and the German equivalent expresses the futility of worrying about events that have not yet happened and may never happen.

• Man muss die Dinge nehmen, wie sie kommen.

Literal translation:“Accept things as they come.”

Same line of thought. Life rarely goes according to the scenario we planned. Therefore, it is important to be able to adapt to current conditions instead of wishing for things to be different. So, accept life as it is, and not as you think it should be.

• Morgenstund hat Gold im Mund.

Literal translation:“The morning hours are showered with gold.”

This proverb is one of the Germans' ways of emphasizing the importance of waking up early. Many inventors and creators were early risers and used the morning hours to be most productive. We recommend!

• Selbst ist der Mann.

Literal translation:“Man is his own master.”

This saying is difficult to translate literally. Often, instead of taking action, we wait for help from others. And this is our justification. This proverb says that if you want something done, do it yourself. Today, a feminist version of this saying is also widely used - Selbst ist die Frau, hinting that a woman can handle a lot herself.

• Taten sagen mehr als Worte.

Literal translation:“Actions speak louder than words.”

Of course, the meaning of this saying is: Talk less, do more. Many people want to do great things and love to talk about their plans, but it doesn't go further than that. Let your actions speak for you.

• Übung macht den Meister.

Literal translation:“Practice makes the master.”

Mastery is difficult to achieve. To truly achieve anything, you need to hone your skills day in and day out. If you want to improve your level of professionalism, you need to devote a lot of time and practice to your chosen activity. Whether it's physical or language skills, there is no shortcut.

• Wer zwei Hasen auf einmal jagt bekommt keinen.

Literal translation:“If you chase two hares, you won’t catch either.”

This is a way of saying in German "Don't set too many goals." Concentrate. Focus on one thing first, and then move on to the next.

• Wer A sagt, muss auch B sagen.

Literal translation:“Say A, say B.”

No, this is not the slowest way to learn the alphabet. This means that if you decide to do something, then do it to the end. There is no need to quit halfway or be selective in your approach. This is for those who want Wasch mir den Pelz aber mach mich nicht nass(wash the wool, but do not get it wet), i.e. get results without any accompanying sacrifices.

• Wenn der Reiter nichts taugt, hat das Pferd schuld.

Literal translation:“If the rider is no good, then the horse is to blame.”

When we try to do something and fail, we tend to blame external factors and circumstances. To relieve oneself of guilt is a natural desire of any person, but the German proverb reminds us that one must be able to take responsibility.

• Der Hunger kommt beim Essen.

Literal translation:"Appetite comes with eating."

The hardest thing in any business is getting started. For example, you want to learn German. Every day you plan to sign up for classes, but you lack motivation. Start small, look at the textbook for at least 1 minute. Most often, after some time, you will become immersed in the process, and you will have a desire to continue.

• Dienst ist Dienst und Schnaps ist Schnaps.

Literal translation:“Work is work, and drinking is drinking.”

Even if we do work that we enjoy, it is not always complete pleasure. Sometimes it's just work. Accept it, throw yourself into the work and get it done. There is light at the end of the tunnel. This proverb also reminds us of the need to take regular breaks. Just don’t abuse alcohol, otherwise you won’t feel rested.

Proverbs, sayings, poems about friendship and love for topic 3 Freundschaft , Liebe … Bringt das immer nur Glṻck ? Grade 10

Every nation has proverbs, sayings, poems -forming an important part of its national cultural heritage. In German and Russian, many proverbs have an identical essence, which, nevertheless, sometimes Maybe convey in different words, since proverbs are based on different associations and not all proverbs have exact or close correspondences in different languages. 1. Friends will know V trouble . Den Freund erkennt man in der Not. 2. Old Friend costs two new . Ein alter Freund ist zwei neutral wert . 3. Friends above (more expensive) silver and gold. Freunde sind ü ber Silber und Gold . 4. Friendship is proven in trouble. Freundschaft bew ä hrt sich in der Not . 5. Shared joy (with others) is double joy, shared grief is half as much. Geteilte Freude ist doppelte Freude, geteilter Schmerz ist halber Schmerz. 6. Similar (people) look for each other and find each other. Gleich sucht sich , gleich findet sich . 7. Happiness makes friends, but misfortune tests them. Gl ü ck mast Freunde , Ungl ü ck pr ü ft . 8. Love is blind.Die Liebe ist blind . 9. Love does not tolerate coercion.Liebe duldet keinen Zwang. 10. Love goes through the stomach.Liebe geht durch den Magen. 11. Love makes you blind.Liebe macht blind. 12. You can't force someone to love and sing.Lieben und Singen l ä sst sich nothing zwingen . 13. Failure (loss) in the game, happiness in love.Pech im Spiel , Gl ü ck in der Liebe . 14. He who wants to have fire must endure smoke.Wer das Feuer haben will , muss den Rauch leiden . 15. Where love reigns, there are no shortcuts too long.Wo die Liebe treibt , ist kein Weg zu weit . 16. A quarrel between loving people does not mean much.Zwist unter Liebesleuten hat nothing viel zu bedeuten .

DIE FREUNDSCHAFT

Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller

Freund! genügsam ist der Wesenlenker –
Schämen sich kleinmeisterische Denker,
Die so ängstlich nach Gesetzen spähn –
Geisterreich und Körperweltgewühle
Wälzet eines Rades Schwung zum Ziele,
Hier sah es mein Newton gehn.

Sphären lehrt es, Sklaven eines Zaumes,
Um das Herz des großen Weltenraumes
Labyrinthenbahnen ziehn –
Geister in umarmenden Systemen
Nach der großen Geistersonne strömen,
Wie zum Meere Bäche fliehn.

Wars nicht dies allmächtige Getriebe,
Das zum ewgen Jubelbund der Liebe
Unsre Herzen aneinander zwang?
Raphael, an deinem Arm – o Wonne!
Wag auch ich zur großen Geistersonne
Freudigmutig den Vollendungsgang.

Glücklich! glücklich! Dich hab ich gefunden,
Hab aus Millionen dich umwunden,
Und aus Millionen mein bist du –
Laß das Chaos diese Welt umrütteln,
Durcheinander die Atomen schütteln:
Ewig fliehn sich unsre Herzen zu.

Muß ich nicht aus deinen Flammenaugen
Meiner Wollust Widerstrahlen saugen?
Nur in dir bestaun ich mich –
Schöner malt sich mir die schöne Erde,
Heller spiegelt in des Freunds Gebärde,
Reizender der Himmel sich.

Schwermut wirft die bange Tränenlasten,
Susser von des Leidens Sturm zu rasten,
In der Liebe Busen ab; –
Sucht nicht selbst das folternde Entzücken
In des Freunds beredten Strahlenblicken
Ungeduldig ein wollüstges Grab? –

Stünd im All der Schöpfung ich alleine,
Seelen träumt" ich in die Felsensteine
Und umarmend küßt" ich sie –
Meine Klagen stöhnt" ich in die Lüfte,
Freute mich, antworteten die Klüfte,
Tor genug! der süßen Sympathie.

Tote Gruppen sind wir – wenn wir hassen,
Götter – wenn wir liebend uns umfassen!
Lechzen nach dem süßen Fesselzwang –
Aufwärts durch die tausendfache Stufen

Zahlenloser Geister, die nicht schufen,
Waltet göttlich dieser Drang.

Arm in Arme, höher stats und höher,
Vom Mongolen bis zum griechschen Seher,
Der sich an den letzten Seraph reiht,
Wallen wir, einmütgen Ringeltanzes,
Bis sich dort im Meer des ewgen Glanzes
Sterbend untertauchen Maß und Zeit. –

Freundlos war der große Weltenmeister,
Fühlte Mangel – darum schuf er Geister,
Selge Spiegel seiner Seligkeit! –
Fand das höchste Wesen schon kein gleiches,
Aus dem Kelch des ganzen Seelenreiches
Schäumt ihm – die Unendlichkeit.

Die Lorelei Heinrich Heine Ich weiß nicht, was soll es bedeuten,
Daß ich so traurig bin,
Ein Märchen aus uralten Zeiten,
Das kommt mir nicht aus dem Sinn.
Die Luft ist kühl und es dunkelt,
Und ruhig fließt der Rhein;
Der Gipfel des Berges funkelt,
Im Abendsonnenschein.

Die schönste Jungfrau sitzet
Dort oben wunderbar,
Ihr gold"nes Geschmeide blitzet,
Sie kämmt ihr goldenes Haar,
Sie kämmt es mit goldenem Kamme,
Und singt ein Lied dabei;
Das hat eine wundersame,
Gewalt"ge Melodei.

Den Schiffer im kleinen Schiffe,
Ergreift es mit wildem Weh;
Er schaut nicht die Felsenriffe,
Er schaut nur hinauf in die Höh."
Ich glaube, die Wellen verschlingen
Am Ende Schiffer und Kahn,
Und das hat mit ihrem Singen,
Die Loreley getan.

Doch heimlich dursten wir.. Anmutig, geistig, arabeskenzart
Scheint unser Leben sich wie das von Feen
In sanften Tanzen um das Nichts zu drehen,
Dem wir geopfert Sein und Gegenwart.

Schonheit der Traume, holde Spielerei,
So hingehaucht, so reinlich abgestimmt,
Tief unter deiner heitern Flache glimmt
Sehnsucht nach Nacht, nach Blut, nach Barbarei.

Im Leeren dreht sich, ohne Zwang und Not,
Frei unser Leben, stets zum Spiel bereit,
Doch heimlich dursten wir nach Wirklichkeit,
Nach Zeugung und Geburt, nach Leid und Tod.

Neue Liebe, Neues Leben Herz, mein Herz, was soll das geben?
Was bedränget dich so sehr?
Welch ein fremdes, neues Leben!
Ich erkenne dich nicht mehr.
Weg ist alles, was du liebtest,
Weg, warum du dich betrübtest,
Weg dein Fleiß und deine Ruh" -
Ach, wie kamst du nur dazu!
Fesselt dich die Jugendblüte,
Diese liebliche Gestalt,
Dieser Blick voll Treu" und Güte
Mit unendlicher Gewalt?
Will ich rasch mich ihr entziehen,
Mich ermannen, ihr entfliehen,
Führet mich im Augenblick,
Ach, mein Weg zu ihr zurück!
Und an diesem Zauberfädchen,
Das sich nicht zerreißen läßt,
Hält das liebe lose Mädchen
Mich so wider Willen fest;
Muß in ihrem Zauberkreise
Leben nun auf ihre Weise.
Die Verändrung, ach, wie groß!
Liebe! Liebe! laß mich los!

Du meine Seele Friedrich Rückert
Du meine Seele, du mein Herz,Du meine Wonne, o du mein Schmerz,Du meine Welt, in der ich lebe,Mein Himmel du, darin ich schwebe,O du mein Grab, in das hinabIch ewig meinen Kummer gab!Du bist die Ruh’, du bist der Frieden,Du bist der Himmel, mir beschieden.Dass du mich liebst, macht mich mir wert,Dein Blick hat mich vor mir verklart,Du hebst mich liebend über mich,mein guter Geist, mein bessres Ich.Heinrich Heine Sie liebten sich beide, doch keiner
Wollt’ es dem andern gestehn;
Sie sahen sich an so feindlich,
Und wollten vor Liebe vergehn

Sie trennten sich endlich und sah’n sich
Nur noch zuweilen im Traum;
Sie waren längst gestorben,
Und wußten es selber kaum.

Verliebtheit
Ljudmila Wilkin
Die Liebe lieb ich nicht – ich liebe die Verliebtheit,Geheimnisvolle, ganz bestimmte Worte,Den Klang der Schritte, Blicke, Laecheln jener SorteDer Leidenschaft in sanfter, weicher Zaertlichkeit,

Das Uberwinden der Verwirrung und Verlegenheit,Sorglos verlebte Stunden, ausgelebte Zeit,Das Schlendern, Bummeln, an den Raendern der Gefahr,Ahnen und Vorgefuehl, das tief im Herzen war.

Abgoettisch liebe ich die LiebesweltUnd den Moment, wenn alles faellt.Liebe ist Kummer, nur Verliebtheit ist ein Fest,Erfuellt mit Feuer, Licht in jedem Raum.

Die Liebe ist der Tod. Verliebtheit ist wie Traum,Ein Traumbild, das im Traum uns laesst.

F. Petrarca Die goldennen Haare mit der Luft sich schwangen,die sie in tausend süße Schlingen legte,und ohne Maß das holde Licht sich regteder Augen, die zu geizen angefangen.

Es dünkte mich, als ob in ihren Wangendes Mitleids Farbe leise sich bewegte:Ich, der im Busen Liebeszunder hegte,was Wunder, wenn ich plötzlich Feu"r gefangen?

Ihr Wandeln war nicht aus dem ird"schen Reiche,nein, Engelsart; und ihrer Worte Wonnescholl anders wie von eines Menschen Munde.

Ein Geist des Himmels und lebend"ge Sonnewar, was ich sah: Und wär"s nicht mehr das Gleiche:Kein abgespannter Bogen heilt die Wunde.

J.W. von Goethe Dem Schnee, dem Regen,Dem wind entgegen,Im Dampf der Kluefte,Durch Nebelduefte,Immer zu, immer zu!Ohne Rast und Ruh!

Lieber durch LeidenMoecht ich mich schlagen,
Als so viel Freuden
Des Lebens ertragen.

Alle das Neigen
Von Herzen zu Herzen,
Ach, wie so eigen
Schaffet das Schmerzen!

Wie soll ich fliehen?
Waelderwaerts ziehen?
Alles vergebens!
Krone des Lebens,
Glueck ohne Ruh,
Liebe, best du!

German proverbs reflect various areas of communication. Traditionally, everyday and interpersonal topics are widely represented, they reflect wit and resourcefulness, and express an attitude towards situations and phenomena. The imagery of the form through which thoughts are expressed in proverbs adds a poetic mood to them, and the content acts as an assistant in the expression of thoughts.

The most common German proverbs and sayings with translation into Russian are presented on our portal. They will help you expand your vocabulary and improve your knowledge.

• German proverbs starting with the letter A
• Allen Leuten recht getan ist eine Kunst, die niemand kann
  Literal translation: To please all people is an art that no one can do.
  Russian equivalent: There are no comrades in taste and color.
• Alle Gewässer fließen ins Meer.
  Literal translation: All waters flow into the sea.
  Russian equivalent: All roads lead to Rome.
• Aller Anfang ist schwer.
  Literal translation: Any beginning is difficult.
  Russian analogues: The first damn thing is lumpy. Down and Out trouble started.
• Aller guten Dinge sind drei.
  Russian equivalent: God loves a trinity.
• Alte Füchse gehen schwer in die Falle.
  Alte Wachteln sind bös zu fangen.
  Russian equivalent: An old bird is not caught with chaff.
• Alte Liebe rostet nicht.
  Literal translation: Old love never rusts.
  Russian equivalent: An old friend is better than two new ones.
• Alter ist ein schweres Malter.
  Russian equivalent: Old age is no joy.
• Alter macht zwar immer weiß, aber nicht immer weise.
  Alter schützt vor Torheit nicht.
  Russian equivalent: Gray hair in the beard, demon in the rib.
• Andrer Leute Kühe haben immer größre Euter.
  Auf des Nachbars Feld steht das Korn besser.
  Russian equivalent: In the wrong hands the piece is big. The grass is always greener in someone else's garden.
• Armut schändet nicht.
  Armut ist keine Schande.
  Russian equivalent: Poverty is not a vice.
• Auch unser Weizen wird einmal blühen.
  Russian equivalent: Every dog ​​has his day.
• Auch ein blindes Huhn findet mal ein Korn.
  Literal translation: Even a blind chicken sometimes finds a grain.
  Russian equivalent: Why the hell isn't he kidding, or Even an old woman gets screwed
• German proverbs starting with the letter B
• Bei Gott ist kein Ding unmöglich.
  Russian equivalent: What the hell is not joking while God sleeps.
• Besser spät als nie.
  Better late than never.
• German proverbs starting with the letter D
• Da liegt der Hund begraben!
  Literal translation: That's where the dog is buried!
  Russian equivalent: So that's where the dog is buried!
• Die Zeit ist der beste Arzt.
  Literal translation: Time is the best healer.
  Russian equivalent: Time cures.
• Dem Mutigen gehört die Welt.
  Frisch gewagt ist halb gewonnen.
  Russian equivalent: Cheek brings success.
• Dem Glücklicher schlägt keine Stunde.
  Russian equivalent: Happy hours are not observed.
• Den Brunnen schätzt man erst dann, wenn er kein Wasser mehr gibt.
  Russian equivalent: Until the thunder strikes, the man will not cross himself.
• Den Kopf halt kühl, die Füße warm, das macht den besten Doktor arm.
  Russian equivalent: Keep your head cold, your stomach hungry, your feet warm.
• Den Vogel erkennt man an den Federn.
  Am Trillern erkennt man die Lerche.
  Russian equivalent: The bird is visible in flight.
• Der Appetit kommt beim Essen.
  Russian equivalent: Appetite comes with eating.
• Der Ertrinkende greift nach einem Strohhalm.
  Russian equivalent: A drowning man clutches at a straw.
• Der Mensch denkt, Gott lenkt.
  Russian equivalent: Man proposes, but God disposes.
• Der Mensch lebt nicht vom Brot allein.
  Russian equivalent: Man does not live by bread alone.
• Der Säufer schläft seinen Rausch aus, der Tor aber nie.
  Russian equivalent: A drunk will sleep through it, but a fool will never sleep.
• Der Teufel ist nicht so schwarz, wie man ihn malt.
  Nichts wird so heiß gegessen, wie es gekocht wird.
  Russian equivalent: The devil is not as scary as he is painted.
• Der kommt nimmer in den Wald, der jeden Strauch fürchtet.
  Russian equivalent: If you're afraid of wolves, don't go into the forest.
• Der Tod hat noch keinen vergessen.
  Literal translation: Death has not forgotten about anyone yet.
  Russian equivalent: Two deaths cannot happen, but one cannot be avoided.
• Des Menschen Wille ist sein Himmelreich.
  Russian equivalent: Hunting is worse than captivity.
• Die Fische streben nach tieferem Grunde, der Mensch ist gern mit dem Glück im Bunde.
  Russian equivalent: The fish looks for where it is deeper, and the person where it is better.
• Die Katze lässt das Mausen nicht.
  Russian equivalent: No matter how you feed the wolf, he keeps looking into the forest.
• Die Suppe, die man sich einbrockt, muss man auch auslöffeln.
  Russian equivalent: You made the porridge yourself, so you can sort it out yourself.
• Die Wände haben Ohren.
  Russian equivalent: And the walls have ears.
• German proverbs starting with the letter E
• Eigene Last ist nicht schwer.
  Russian equivalent: I can't bear my own burden.
• Ein Mann, ein Wort.
  Russian equivalent: Having given your word, hold on, and if you don’t give, be strong.
• Ein Unglück kommt selten allein.
  Russian equivalent: Misfortune never comes alone.
• Ein Wolf im Schlaf fing nie ein Schaf.
  Russian equivalent: The wolf's legs feed him.
• 
  
  Russian equivalent: Leopard change his spots.
• Ein Zwerg bleibt immer ein Zwerg, und stünd’ er auf dem höchsten Berg.
  Ein Aff bleibt Aff, werd’ er König oder Pfaff.
  Russian equivalent: Leopard change his spots.
• Eine Krähe hackt der anderen kein Auge aus.
  Russian equivalent: A raven will not peck out a crow's eye.
• Ende gut, alles gut.
  Russian equivalent: All is well that ends well.
• Erst wägen, dann wagen.
  Russian equivalent: Measure seven times, cut once.
• Es ist dafür gesorgt, daß die Bäume nicht in den Himmel wachsen.
  Russian equivalent: The ears do not grow above the forehead.
• Es ist nicht alles Gold, was glänzt.
  Russian equivalent: All that glitters is not gold.
• Es steckt nicht im Spiegel, was man im Spiegel sieht.
  Russian equivalent: There is nothing to blame for the mirror if the face is crooked.
• German proverbs starting with the letter G
• Gebranntes Kind scheut das Feuer.
  Gebrühte Katze scheut auch das kalte Wasser.
  Russian equivalent: The frightened crow is afraid of the bush.
• Gesagt - getan.
  Russian equivalent: No sooner said than done.
• Gewohnheit ist die andere Natur.
  Russian equivalent: Habit is second nature.
• Gibt Gott Häschen, so gibt er auch Gräschen.
  Russian equivalent: God gave the day, He will also give food.
• Gott gibt, Gott nimmt.
  Russian equivalent: God gave, God took away.
• Große Schiffe machen große Fahrt.
  Russian equivalent: A big ship has a long voyage.
• Gut Ding will Weile.
  Russian equivalent: Every vegetable has its time.
• German proverbs starting with the letter H
• Hilf dir selbst, so hilft dir Gott.
  Russian equivalent: God is God, and don’t be bad yourself.
  Russian equivalent: Trust in God, and don’t make a mistake yourself.
• Hunger ist der beste Koch.
  Russian equivalent: Hunger is the best cook.
• German proverbs starting with the letter I
• In einem gesunden Körper ist ein gesunder Geist.
  Russian equivalent: In a healthy body healthy mind.
• In jeder Herde findet sich ein schwarzes Schaf.
  Russian equivalent: Every family has its black sheep.
• German proverbs starting with the letter J
• Jedem Tierchen sein Plasierchen.
  Russian equivalent: Everyone goes crazy in their own way.
• Jedem Vogel gefällt sein Nest.
  Russian equivalent: There is nothing like leather.
• Jeder ist sich selbst der Nächste.
  Russian equivalent: Your shirt is closer to your body.
• Jugend hat keine Tugend.
  Russian equivalent: It’s young and green, it’s advisable to take a walk.
• German proverbs starting with the letter K
• Keine Rose ohne Dornen.
  Russian equivalent: There is no rose without thorns.
• Kleider Machen Leute.
  Literal translation: Clothes make people.
  Russian equivalent: They greet you by their clothes.
• Klein aber fein.
  Russian equivalent: Small, but remote.
• Kleine Kinder - kleine Sorgen, große Kinder - große Sorgen.
  Literal translation: Little children are little troubles, big children are big troubles.
  Russian equivalent: Little children are little troubles, big children are big troubles.
• Kommt Zeit, kommt Rat.
  Literal translation: The solution will come with time.
  Russian equivalent: The morning is wiser than the evening.
• German proverbs starting with the letter L
• Liebe macht blind.
  Russian equivalent: Love is blind.
• Lieber eng und wohl als weit und weh.
  Russian equivalent: In crowded but not mad.
• Lieber den Spatz in der Hand als die Taube auf dem Dach.
  Literal translation: Better a sparrow in your hand than a dove on the roof.
  Russian equivalent: A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
• Lügen haben kurze Beine.
  Literal translation: Lies have short legs.
  Russian equivalent: Everything secret becomes clear. Murder will out.
• German proverbs starting with the letter M
• Maß ist zu allen Dingen gut.
  Russian equivalent: Everything is good in moderation.
• Man lernt nie aus.
  Russian equivalent: Live and learn.
• Man lernt, solange man lebt.
  Literal translation: As long as a person lives, so long does he learn.
  Russian equivalent: Live and learn.
• Man kann den Menschen nicht ins Herz sehen.
  Russian equivalent: Someone else's soul is darkness.
• Man kann nicht über seinen eigenen Schatten springen.
  Russian equivalent: You can't jump over your head.
• Man muss den Bock nicht zum Gärtner machen.
  Russian equivalent: Let the goat into the garden, he will eat all the cabbage.
• Man sieht den Splitter im fremden Auge, im eignen den Balken nicht.
  Russian equivalent: We see the straw in someone else's eye, but we don't notice the log in our own.
• Man soll den Tag nicht vor dem Abend loben.
  Literal translation: One should not praise the day until the evening.
  Russian equivalent: Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.
• Mein Name ist Hase (- ich weiß von nichts).
  Russian equivalent: My house is on the edge - I don’t know anything.
• Mit altem Hunde sicherste Jagd.
  Russian equivalent: An old horse won't ruin the furrow.
• Morgen, morgen, nur nicht heute, sagen alle faulen Leute.
  Literal translation: Tomorrow, tomorrow, but not today, all lazy people say.
• Morgenstund' hat Gold im Mund.
  Literal translation: The early hour has gold in its mouth.
  Russian equivalent: Whoever gets up early, God gives to him.
• German proverbs starting with the letter N
• Nach mir (uns) die Sintflut.
  Literal translation and Russian equivalent: After me (us) - even a flood.
• Neue Besen kehren gut.
  Literal translation: The new broom sweeps well.
  Russian equivalent: A new broom sweeps in a new way.
• Nicht sehr zu Herzen nehmen.
  Russian equivalent: Take it easy.
• Norden, Süden, Osten, Westen - doch zu Hause ist’s am besten.
  Russian equivalent: Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.
• Not macht erfinderisch.
  Armut lehrt Künste.
  Russian equivalent: The need for invention is cunning.
• German proverbs starting with the letter O
• Ohne Fleiß kein Preis.
  Literal translation: Without effort there is no reward.
  Russian equivalent: You can’t even take a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
• Ordnung muss sein.
  Literal translation: There must be order.
  Russian equivalent: Order is paramount.
• German proverbs starting with the letter P
• Papier ist geduldig.
  Literal translation: Paper is patient.
  Russian equivalent: Paper will endure anything.
• German proverbs starting with the letter R
• Reden ist Silber, Schweigen ist Gold.
  Literal translation: Speaking is silver, silence is gold.
  Russian equivalent: The word is silver, silence is gold.
• Rufe nicht "Hase" bis du ihn im Sacke hast.
  Literal translation: Don't shout "hare" until it's in your bag
  Russian equivalent: Don't say "gop" until you jump over.
• German proverbs starting with the letter S
• Schönheit kann man nicht essen.
  Russian equivalent: Do not drink water from your face.
• Schein trügt.
  Der Schein betrügt, der Spiegel lügt.
  Russian equivalent: Appearances are deceptive.
• Sprichwort, wahr Wort.
  Literal translation: A proverb is a true word.
  Russian equivalent: The proverb says the truth.
• Stille Wasser sind tief.
  Russian equivalent: Still waters run deep.
• Stumm wie ein Fisch.
  Russian equivalent: Silent as a fish.
• German proverbs starting with the letter Ü
• Übung macht den Meister.
  Literal translation: The exercise is done by a skilled person.
  Russian equivalent: Repetition is the mother of learning.
• German proverbs starting with the letter V
• Verbotene Früchte sind die süßesten.
  Russian equivalent: The Forbidden fruit is sweet.
• Vorsicht ist besser als Nachsicht.
  Russian equivalent: God saves man, who save himself.
• German proverbs starting with the letter W
• Wahrheit bringt Haß.
  Russian equivalent: The truth hurts my eyes.
• Was du heute kannst besorgen, das verschiebe nicht auf morgen.
  Literal translation: What you can worry about today, don’t put it off until tomorrow.
  Russian equivalent: Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
• Wer es nicht im Kopfe hat, hat es in den Beinen.
  Russian equivalent: A bad head and legs have no rest.
• Wer sich an der Suppe verbrannt hat, bläst auf kalten Fisch.
  Russian equivalent: Having been burned by the milk, they blow on the water.
• Wer wagt, gewinnt.
  Russian equivalent: Risk is a noble cause.
• Wer zu feinen Faden spinnt, dem bricht er leicht.
  Russian equivalent: Where it's thin, that's where it breaks.
• Wer zuletzt lacht, lacht am besten.
  Russian equivalent: The one who laughs last laughs best.
• Wer zufrieden ist, ist glücklich.
  Literal translation: He who is satisfied is happy.
• Wer will haben, der muss graben.
  Literal translation: He who wants to have must dig.
  Russian equivalent: If you love to ride, you also love to carry sleds.
• Wer Wind sät, wird Sturm ernten.
  Russian equivalent: He who sows the wind will reap the whirlwind.
• Wes das Herz voll ist, des geht der Mund über.
  Wo einen der Schuh drückt, davon spricht man gern.
  Russian equivalent: Whoever is in pain talks about it.
• German proverbs starting with the letter Z
• Zeit ist Geld.
  Russian equivalent: Time is money.
• Zeit ist der beste Ratgeber.
  Kommt Zeit, kommt Rat.
  Russian equivalent: Time is the best advisor.
• Zu einem Ohr hinein, zum andern wieder heraus.
  Russian equivalent: It went in one ear and out the other.
• Zum Lernen ist niemand zu alt.
  Literal translation: It's never too late to learn.
  Russian equivalent: Live and learn.
• Zu spät ist zu spät.
  Literal translation: It's too late to eat too late.
  Russian equivalent: Those who didn't have time are late.
• Zu viele Köche verderben den Brei.
  Literal translation: Too many cooks only spoil the mess.
  Russian equivalent: Too many cooks spoil the broth.
• Zwei Dumme, ein Gedanke.
  Literal translation: Two fools and one thought.
  Russian equivalent: Fools think alike.
• Zwischen Wort und Werk liegt ein großer Berg.
  Literal translation: There is a huge mountain between word and deed.
  Russian equivalent: Soon the fairy tale is told, but not soon the deed is done.
• Zwist unter Liebesleuten hat nicht viel zu bedeuten.
  Literal translation: A quarrel between loving people does not mean much.
  Russian equivalent: The dear ones scold - they just amuse themselves.

The German language is no exception, and it, like all modern languages, presents such a layer of folk art as proverbs and sayings. It is the colorful and apt statements coming from the people that make speech rich and imaginative. Proverbs and sayings in oral speech help people communicate and understand each other better; they have become firmly established in literary works and are often used in journalistic articles. Language researchers note the strong influence of proverbs and sayings on the communicative function of language. It is useless to argue with the proverb; folk wisdom has proven its truth over the centuries.

There are proverbs in German about almost everything that a person lives by. There are proverbs about friendship, fidelity, love, family, intelligence, work, honesty, qualities of character, life events, and relationships between people. Laconic and apt statements live for centuries, although sometimes their original meaning fades into another plane, and they are perceived in a new context and become modernized. This is well illustrated by the proverb “Man proposes, but God disposes,” the German version is Der Mensch denkt, Gott lenkt. Modern people perceive it as the presence of a real possibility of the influence of unforeseen circumstances on our lives and the implementation of our plans. While previously the meaning of the proverb was interpreted as man’s dependence on God’s will.

Many German proverbs are characterized by the formation of a shortened version, which often becomes more common than the full version. Using proverbs and sayings, you can improve certain grammatical knowledge, strengthen oral speech skills, and get to know the culture of the country better.

Specialists are engaged in the classification and systematization of proverbs, study the structure, linguistic form and develop methods for using proverbs in language learning.

Studying German proverbs helps not only in everyday or business communication, but also helps professional translators better understand and correctly translate regionally oriented text fragments.

MBOU "Golovchinskaya secondary school with in-depth study of individual subjects"

« German and Russian proverbs and sayings, difficulties in translating them»

(research work)

Completed by a student

9 "B" class MBOU "Golovchinskaya Secondary School"

Grayvoronsky district, Belgorod region.

Soloshenko Kristina Andreevna

Head teacher of German language

MBOU "Golovchinskaya Secondary School"

Myasishcheva E.N.

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………3

comparative analysis of the concepts “proverb” and “saying” and their functions in language………………………………………………………………. 4

Chapter 2. Classification of German proverbs and sayings with their Russian equivalents. German proverbs and sayings with complete agreement with their Russian variants……………………………………………………………………………….7

2.1. German proverbs and sayings with partial overlap with their Russian variants………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10

2.2 German proverbs and sayings with different translations into Russian. ..eleven

Conclusion………………………………………………………… ………….15

Bibliography……………………………………………………………16

Introduction

Ein Sprichwort im Mund wiegt hundert Pfund. - The proverb says the truth.

Nowadays, along with the development of technology, information is stored and transmitted in different ways. But still the simplest and most accessible way to convey experience is language. There are many genres of folk art, such as fairy tales, songs, rituals, which convey to us a kind of message from distant ancestors, but the most informative and interesting of them are sayings and proverbs. Despite their capacity and brevity, they fill our speech with brightness and expressiveness, while carrying a certain semantic load. Proverbs and sayings different nations the world have many common features, but on the other hand, they also have their own specific features that characterize the original culture and centuries-old history of a particular people. Proverbs and sayings contain folk wisdom rooted in the distant past.

It is precisely because of their brightness, imagery and emotionality that proverbs and sayings are often found in various types of texts in German.

Problem: When translating proverbs and sayings contained in German texts into Russian, difficulties are often encountered, since their meaning may not always be clear to us, and their interpretation is not always given in German-Russian and Russian-German dictionaries. Currently, there are many dictionaries, the main purpose of which is to describe the diversity and reveal the meaning of proverbs and sayings specific language. However, the question of the peculiarities of their functioning in different languages, as well as translation, remains open. In this research work, an attempt will be made to systematize the information available about this and bring something new to the study of such linguistic phenomena as proverbs and sayings. This is what it's all about relevance and novelty this research work.

Object of study : proverbs and sayings of the German language and their Russian equivalents.

Subject of study : functions performed by proverbs and sayings in the language, techniques and means used in their translation into Russian.

Project hypothesis: a correct and complete translation of a proverb or saying from German requires not only knowledge of vocabulary, which only contributes to literal translation, but it is also necessary to convey its main content in a coherent and competent manner, using Russian proverbs and sayings.
The purpose of this work is to find out the reasons that cause problems when translating proverbs and sayings into Russian, as well as to develop possible ways to overcome them. Analysis of the literature on this issue and comparison of German proverbs and sayings and their Russian equivalents according to their meaning, use, and lexical composition.

The set goal required a solution the following tasks:

1. Conduct a comprehensive analysis of the necessary literature on this topic 2. Define proverbial and proverbial sayings as a genre of oral folk art

3. Consider the structure, content and stability of the forms of proverbs and sayings 4. Conduct a comparative analysis, identify similarities and differences in the structure and functions of these concepts, consider the structure, content and stability of the forms of proverbs and sayings 5. Identify the significance of proverbs and sayings in communicative terms 6 .Highlight the most effective ways of translating proverbs and sayings into Russian

Theoretical significance of the work is that the research carried out represents the development and systematization of the main functions and methods of translation of German proverbs and sayings, which allows us to draw conclusions not only about their significance in the language, but also to show by their example the uniqueness of the cultural development of the German people.

Practical significance of the work consists in the possibility of applying its provisions in German lessons, as well as workshops on oral and written speech. The research material included data from stylistic, phraseological and explanatory dictionaries of the German and Russian languages, modern collections of commonly used proverbs and sayings, as well as many scientific works devoted to this topic.

Research methods determined by the goals and objectives of the work. The work required the use, first of all, of the descriptive method, as well as methods of linguistic and comparative analysis of proverbs and sayings in the German and Russian languages.

Chapter 1. Proverbs and sayings as a genre of oral folk art,

comparative analysis of the concepts “proverb” and “saying” and their functions in language.

Since ancient times, there have been special genres that explained the world, preserved the social and historical experience of their ancestors and conveyed rules and norms of behavior, which were presented in the form of songs, myths, legends, fairy tales, rituals, conspiracies, military and labor songs, proverbs and sayings . All these genres are united under general term Folklore - from English. folklore - folk wisdom, folk knowledge) - artistic collective creative activity of the people, reflecting their life, views, ideals; created by the people and existing among the masses [Dal 1989, 342]. Proverbs and sayings are presented in numerous varieties in all modern languages, including German. The origins of folk proverbs and sayings go back to ancient times. In those days when people could not write, they had to convey their knowledge orally. The short form of proverbs and sayings contributed to easy assimilation and perception by ordinary people. Therefore, it is quite difficult to talk about the origin of proverbs and sayings, since once uttered, they lose contact with the source and become part of the public consciousness. Another important source of proverbs is Bible, translated from Hebrew, which was very popular. From there were taken wise sayings, thoughts, statements that reflected the worldviews of ancient society, many of which have survived to our times. Many German proverbs are borrowed from Holy Scripture [Podgornaya 2001, 167]. Some proverbs and sayings were borrowed into popular speech from literary sources. For example, the statements of J.W. Goethe and Maria von Ebner-Eschenbach are widely known: “In der Jugend lernt, im Alter versteht man,” (in youth they learn, in old age they understand) F. Logau: “Freude, Mäßigkeit und Ruh schleußt dem Arzt die Türe zu” (joy, moderation and peace close the doctor’s door) became winged. Many sayings came into the German language from French, English, Latin, etc. The famous Vladimir Dahl allocated one hundred and seventy headings for proverbs and sayings. Over the course of many centuries, the relative stability of the structure, means and vocabulary has been maintained. Therefore, each people contributed their own ideas and views regarding the understanding of reality. . Thus, proverbs and sayings typify phenomena, i.e. identify the most significant ones among them and note the most significant features in them. Typification is manifested in the creation of images of a peasant, artisan, worker, priest, master, judge, and in German: burgamister. It is emphasized by defining a person’s social status, which makes it possible to characterize him accordingly, pointing out the main characteristics: poverty or wealth, power or lack of rights. Literary and spoken language is constantly enriched through proverbs and sayings. Indeed, in the works of oral folk art there are many ancient and local (dialect) words.

Considering proverbs and sayings as linguistic phenomena, many authors have come to the conclusion that they can be classified according to several criteria. The first group is based on semantic criterion. As noted by I.M. Snegirev, what, firstly, the main difference between a proverb and a saying is in their content: the proverb contains an important life truth, and the saying only encourages the interlocutor to think, gives a hint; the second difference is the completeness of form and thought.

Speaking about the semantic difference, V.I. Dal gives the following definition of proverbs and sayings, which has become widespread in literary circles: “A proverb is a short parable... This is a judgement, a sentence, a teaching, expressed in an oblique manner and put into circulation, under the coinage of the people. A proverb is a circumlocution, with an application to the case, understood and accepted by everyone..., like any parable, a complete proverb consists of two parts: from a circumlocution, a picture, a general judgment and from an application, interpretation, teaching; often, however, the second part is omitted, left to the listener’s ingenuity, and then a proverb can hardly be distinguished from a saying” [Dal 1989, 14]. The saying, by his definition, “ roundabout expression, figurative speech, simple allegory, circumlocution, way of expression, but without a parable, without judgment, conclusion, application; This is the first half of the proverb. The proverb replaces only direct speech with roundabout speech, does not finish, sometimes does not name things, but conditionally, very clearly hints"[Dal 1989, 15]. It was V.I. Dahl who noted in proverbs such qualities as generality, brevity, allegory, edification and, and in sayings - imagery, allegory, and lack of instructiveness. Another group of linguists, considering the problem of distinguishing between proverbs and sayings, based their classification on the criterion of the presence or absence of figurative meaning . The founder of this theory is O. Shirokova. According to her opinion, the main difference between proverbs and sayings is figurative sense , present in proverbs and absent in sayings.

Thus, the proverb has a generalized meaning, while the saying clarifies only certain phenomena[Fedorov 1961, 56]. Another researcher in the field of studying proverbs and sayings, V.P. Zhukov, also bases their classification on the principle of presence and absence of figurative meaning. Speaking about proverbs, he emphasized that they contain both literal and figurative meaning, or only figurative meaning, but at the same time, a proverb in the grammatical sense is a complete sentence [Mokienko 1975, 74].

It is necessary to dwell on them in detail structure and features of functioning in the text. As we have already discussed earlier, proverbs and sayings in their generalized form are intended to evaluate people. This is typical for a number of German proverbs, the component composition of which already contains a verbal assessment of the phenomena being characterized. Der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm - The apple falls not far from the tree. The structure of German proverbs has enough fixed shape, this is explained by the general nature of the content, folk origin, as well as the colloquial sphere of use. Having examined the grammatical form of proverbs, many researchers emphasize their correspondence with the content plan. Thus, German proverbs are presented in the form narrative: Mein Haus ist meine Burg, Lügen haben kurze Beine. Question and exclamation constructions are not typical for German proverbs. As a rule, the frequently used form of the verb is “timeless” present indicative, so many are constructed as indefinite-personal sentences with the pronoun man: Bei Wölfen und Eulen lernt man’s Heulen. Thus, to achieve special brevity, increased expressiveness and generalized semantic content in German proverbs there are no personal verb forms [Olshansky 1965, 76].

Many proverbs have complex sentence form, therefore the following models can be used: Wer A sagt, muß auch B sagen. [Mokienko 1975, 27].

The sayings got the name emotional-modal. They cover the widest range of syntactic models: from monoparts to sentences complex type: So etwaslebt, und Schiller mußte sterben! - How the earth bears you!

In other words, an affirmative proverb cannot be rephrased into an incentive or interrogative one, and on the contrary, da lachen ja dieHühner - this is a joke for chickens or it is impossible to add or remove negation from a proverb (cf. Es ist noch nicht aller Tage Abend - All is not lost yet), changing the structure of the statement, verb forms, word order.

The main functions of sayings.

Sayings perform certain functions in speech. Some sayings can act as · introduction to the message and thus serve the division of monologue speech (Weißt du was? - you know that.. Die Sache ist... - the whole thing....; Ob du es glaubst oder nicht... - whether you believe me or not); connection element with what was said before (Doch zurück zu unserem Hauptthema); · transition element from the presentation of positive facts to the critical part of the statement (So weit, so gut); · final element of the statement: Das wär`s; Soweit (unsere Meinung) [Bayer 1989, 64].

Thus, individual and universal aspects in the content of sayings are inextricably linked and intertwined in the most various combinations and proportions.

As a result, despite some vagueness of the boundaries, characterizing (narrative, interrogative and motivating) and emotional-modal, their common core is semantically indivisible interjection and modal phrases.

In conclusion, it should be said that it is necessary to distinguish figurative sayings from stable phrasal units similar to them in lexical-semantic composition, which are not characterized by stability of grammatical structure.

Chapter 2. Classification of German proverbs and sayings with their Russian equivalents.

An important historical and lexical layer of each language is folklore, including proverbs and sayings, of which there are a huge number in German, as in other languages. The scope of this research work does not allow us to consider the entire variety of proverbs and sayings, therefore, after studying various dictionaries and scientific works, we selected 130 proverbial and proverbial expressions of the German language.

S. Vlahov in his work “The Untranslatable in Translation” believed that for the correct translation and use of set expressions in speech, it is necessary to know the following about them: the form in which they are used, as well as its lexical, structural and other variants; their main content and various additional meanings, including stylistic coloring; the possibility of changing them, i.e. the measure of their formal and semantic stability; situation or context in which the use of these set expressions is appropriate [Vlakhov 1986, 120].

Having analyzed the above parameters in each of the examples we have highlighted, we came to the conclusion that, according to the method of translation into Russian, they can be classified into the following groups:

1. German proverbs and sayings with complete agreement with their Russian versions.

2. German proverbs and sayings with partial overlap with their Russian versions.

3. German proverbs and sayings with different translations into Russian.

Also, during the study, we will draw conclusions about the quantitative predominance of vocabulary from a particular group. This chapter will present and discuss several examples from each group. All examples of proverbs and sayings on this topic can be seen in the appendices to the work.

The selection of proverbial and proverbial statements was carried out using the following dictionaries: 1. Podgornaya L.I. Russian proverbs and sayings and their German analogues. - St. Petersburg, 2001 2. Duden. Redewendungen und sprichwörtliche Redensarten. Band II.- Mannheim-Leipzig-Zürich, 1997 3. Zwilling M.Ya. Russian-German dictionary of proverbs and sayings - Russian language 1984 4. Graf, A.E. Russische und deutsche idiomatische Redewendungen.

Leipzig, 1966 and many others. Let's look at the corpus of examples selected from the first of our stated groups.

Full equivalents are those proverbial and proverbial statements that have the same meaning and the same meaning in several languages. figurative basis this value. This kind of sayings and proverbs exist in many languages. When translating such equivalents, the tracing method is used. Calca is borrowing through literal translation, which allows you to transfer various realities in proverbs and sayings into the target language. In this case, the semantic meaning is preserved as much as possible. Unfortunately, while preserving the semantics, it is not always possible to preserve the flavor, since some parts of the word or expression are still conveyed by means of the target language. Let's give a few examples.

Proverbs: 1. Wer zwei Hasen zugleich jagt, fängt keinen - If you chase two hares, you won't catch either [Zwilling 1984, 201] 2. Die Ratten verlassen das sinkende Schiff - Rats leave a sinking ship. (Rats flee from a sinking ship) [Podgornaya 2001, 170] 3. Alle Wege führen nach Rom - All roads lead to Rome 4. Den Freund erkennt man in der Not - A friend is known in need [Zwilling 1984, 33]

The above proverbial expressions have two main properties of phraseology: a single compatibility of component composition and a specific type of semantic transformation. Thus, proverbs are characterized by a didactic meaning, which is expressed through rethinking the corresponding image.

Sayings (idioms) are divided into phraseological unities, where a number of components are interchangeable due to synonymy, and phraseological adhesions, where all components are closely welded together. This group presents only phraseological adjuncts, of which there are much more in the German language than unities. For example:

1 . eine melkende Kuh - Milked cow [Podgornaya 2001, 56] [Zwilling 1984, 52]

2. Da liegt der Hund begraben! - so this is where the dog is buried! (the expression is used when a person, after much thought, understands what exactly is the true reason, the essence of the matter) The saying almost completely coincides with its Russian equivalent, the difference lies in the gender of the noun, in the German version “Katze” is used - cat, in Russian “ cat".

4. jemandem einen Bärendienst erweisen [Podgornaya 2001, 51] – do a disservice to someone. Wer pedantisch ist und als falsch anstreicht, was doch nur natürlich gewachsener Sprachgebrauch ist, der erweist der Sprache einen Bärendienst. [Pedants who consider a new use of words to naturally arise in a living language to be an error thereby do the language a disservice.] 5. ein weißer Rabe - a black sheep.

[Podgornaya 2001, 79] 11. Krokodilstränen - Crocodile tears [Zwilling 1984, 74] 12. ein Wolf in Schafpelz - Wolf in sheep's clothing

Being phraseological units, sayings can be classified into parts of speech, which also helps when translating into Russian. The vast majority of sayings (idioms) are equivalent to a noun or verb.

1. Sayings equivalent to a noun: eine neugierige Ziege, das beste Pferd im Stall, dicke Mäuse. Sayings equivalent to the verb: mit Hühnern zu Belt gehen, Schwein haben, einen Bären aufbinden, einen Affen haben (kaufen), einen Affen an j-m gefressen haben, j-m die Würmer aus der Nase ziehen, auf dem hohen Pferd sitzen, j-n auf den Hunde bringen, mit allen Hunden gehetzt sein, einen Kater haben, etc. Eg.; Es ist erst zwei Wochen her, das ein Karlan aus dem Dorf Halle, der wie alle Gottes-Männer mit den Hühnern aufzustehen gewohnt ist... (Remarque)

2. B separate group it is necessary to highlight sayings (idioms) of the comparative type: Stachelig- wie ein Igel, rot wie ein Krebs, gesund (stark) wie ein Baer, ​​hungrig wie ein Wolf (Bar), plump wie ein Bar, besoffen wie ein Schwein, falsch (listig) wie eine Schlange, sanft wie ein Schaf, dumm wie ein Ochse, stolz (eitel) wie ein Pfau, zäh (geschmeidig, flink, falsch) wie eine Katze, beladen wie ein Kamel, dumm (störrisch) wie ein Esel; wie ein Pferd arbeiten, wie eine Ratte (As can be seen from the examples, verbal sayings predominate in languages.

2.1. German proverbs and sayings with partial overlap with their Russian variants

Phraseological units with partial coincidence in translation are called conditional equivalents. These are stable expressions, the integral meaning of which does not follow directly from their linguistic components, but is connected with them by figurative dependence. In this case, literal translation or tracing cannot be used as a translation method, because some components of phraseological units of this group do not coincide in the two languages. The translation is carried out partially with the replacement of the necessary components. This translation is called semi-calque and is a partial borrowing of words and expressions, consisting partly of elements of German, partly of elements of the Russian language. Here are some examples: Proverbs

1. Die Katze weiß, wo sie genascht hat [Zwilling 1984, 81] - verbatim. The cat knows where it feasted.

The cat knows whose meat it ate. (This is what they say when a person does an indecent act, while realizing his guilt and showing concern). 2. Ende gut alles gut [Podgornaya 2001, 28] verbatim. Good ending, everything is fine. All is well that ends well. 3. Man lernt so lange man lebt [Zwilling 1984, 99] verbatim. They learn while they live. Live and learn. 4. Der Apfel fällt nicht vom Stamm [Zwilling 1984, 11] verbatim. The apple does not fall far from the trunk The apple does not fall far from the tree. 5. Eine Schwalbe macht noch keinen Sommer verb. One swallow will not make the summer. One swallow does not make spring. Better is a bird in the hand than a pie in the sky (It is better to have a lesser good, but one that definitely belongs to you, than to waste time acquiring something that is beyond our reach). 10. Die Arbeit ist kein Hase, läuft nicht in den Wald. verbatim Work is not a hare; it won’t run away into the forest. It’s not a wolf: it won’t run away into the forest. (Work can sometimes be postponed without anything happening to it.) This proverb is usually used by those people who want to put off their affairs. [Podgornaya 2001, 61].

Sayings

1. zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe schlagen [Podgornaya 2001, 22] verbatim. kill two flies with one clap Kill two birds with one stone (do two things at the same time)

2. Von der gleichen Sippschaft sein. Von der gleichen Sorte sein. Vom gleichen Schlage sein. verbatim to be from the same gang, of the same kind, from the same blow, made from the same dough

3. das schwarze Schaff [Podgornaya 2001: 155] verbatim. black sheep

In the Russian language there is a definition of “white crow” (this is what they call a person who stands out sharply in some way among the people around him, is different, is not like them).

"Ganz abgesehen davon würde ein Einspruch von meiner Seite, der ich sowieso in einflussreichen Kreisen als das schwarze Schaff gelte, falsch ausgelegt werden und höchstens die gegenteilige Wirkung haben." “Even without taking this circumstance into account, any protest on my part, on the part of a person who is already looked upon as a black sheep in influential circles, would be interpreted incorrectly and would lead to the opposite result.” (W. Joho, “Die Wendemarke”).

In the end, it should also be noted that a proverbial or proverbial unit, the translation of which is carried out using tracing paper, or semi-calque, “...may become widespread in the language, but remain “exotic”, because the corresponding denotation is alien to a given culture” [Mikulina 1978, 60].

2.2 German proverbs and sayings with different translations into Russian

As we discussed above, along with proverbs and sayings that have single or multiple correspondences in another language, there are also those for which there are no direct analogues in the target language. Accordingly, the translation of these proverbs and sayings presents the greatest difficulty. The existence of such proverbial and proverbial statements does not mean that their meaning cannot be conveyed in translation or that they will be translated with less accuracy than those having direct correspondences in the language. As a rule, the existence of such proverbs and sayings is explained by the presence of national and cultural flavor, which can be presented in the form of realities. To translate such proverbs or sayings, an equivalent with the closest possible semantic connotation is used. This method is limited in application, since it involves replacing the reality in the original proverb or saying with the reality of the target language. For example, Eulen nach Athen tragen - go to Tula with your own samovar or In Rom ist nicht gut mit dem Papst zu streiten - you don’t go to someone else’s monastery with your own rules. This type of translation is possible when the national or temporal flavor presented in a proverb or saying is not so significant, and the most important component is the content plan.

Before proceeding directly to the translation of these proverbs and sayings, it is necessary to comprehend their meaning, semantic load in order to convey its semantic and connotative content. 1. Kleine Kröten haben auch Gift = Magere Läuse beißen scharf - The bird is small, but the claw is sharp 2. Wenn man den Esel nennt, kommt er schоn gerennt - We are talking about the wolf, but he meets you [Zwilling 1984, 129] 3. Was der dumme Esel spricht, hoeren meine Ohren nicht - The dog barks, the caravan moves on (the wind blows) [Zwilling 1984, 81]

If it seems impossible to apply the above methods to create correspondences, then a description is used that reveals the meaning of “non-equivalent” proverbial and proverbial statements.

When translating a text with proverbs and sayings of this type, you can use a footnote with an explanation to convey the content. This technique is quite effective, but has a drawback, which includes the literalness of the translation, which when used in speech may not seem entirely natural.

Approximate translation is carried out by using a grammatical unit of the target language that partially corresponds to a non-equivalent grammatical unit in a certain context.

Let's pay attention to the following sayings:

Wenn der Hahn Eier legt! - when the cancer on the mountain whistles 23. Alle Wetter - This is great (cry of approval) [Zwilling 1984, 8] 24. Aber sicher, sagte Blücher! - This is clear! [Podgornaya 2001, 25] 25. Das ist doch die Höhe! - This is too much! [Zwilling 1984, 51]

Particular attention should be paid to the group in which several proverbs or sayings correspond in content to one variant in the target language.

Ein Mann, kein Mann = Ein Mann macht keinen Tanz, eine Blume keinen Kranz = Einer ist keiner - corresponds to one Russian proverb: one in the field is not a warrior

Kurze Rede, gute Rede = In der Kürze liegt die Würze – brevity is the sister of talent [Zwilling 1984, 77]

At the end of this chapter, it should also be noted that when translating into Russian, one must also take into account the grammatical structure of German sentences of proverb and proverb types. After conducting the study, we came to the conclusion that proverbial and proverbial statements in real language use should be translated as complete two-part sentences. However, in grammatical terms there are differences between proverbs and sayings. Proverbs are reproduced for the most part in their basic form unchanged. Proverbs, on the contrary, acquire their final form in the context, receiving there the necessary missing elements of the complete sentence. Another interesting fact is that sayings in most cases are realized in the form of a specific sentence, while proverbs are mainly generalizations.

The complexity of proverbial clichés in the grammatical aspect [Permyakov, 1985: 35] varies depending on their nature and degree. Some of them act as simple sentences, others, on the contrary, as complex ones: den Stier bei den Hörnern packen - take the bull by the horns; Man soll die Bärenhaut nicht verkaufen, ehe der Bär gestochen ist - Without killing the bear, the skins are not divided.

Complex sentences of proverb type Permyakov G.L. divides into complex, complex sentences and non-conjunctive connectives: Die Katze weiss, wo sie genascht hat - The cat knows whose meat it ate, Die Arbeit ist kein Frosch (Hase), sie hüpft uns nicht davon - It’s not a wolf, it won’t run into the forest, Wer sich fuer einen Ochsen ausgibt, der muss für einen Ochsen ziehen - He who goes on horseback carries water.

Proverbial sayings Permyakov G.L. also divides by the degree of their generalization [Permyakov, 1985, 47]. Some express regular relationships, for example: Jeder Bär brummt nach seiner Höhle - Each sandpiper praises its own swamp. Others, on the contrary, report only a one-time event in a specific situation: Wer zwei Hasen zugleich jagt, fängt keinen - If you chase two hares, you won’t catch either.

Among the mentioned proverbial and proverbial expressions there are declarative sentences: In der Karpfenteich gehoert ein Hecht - That’s why the pike is in the sea, so that the crucian carp does not sleep; imperative sentences: Lehre nicht die Fische schimmen und die Tauben fliegen - eggs don’t teach a chicken; interrogative sentences: Ist das Futteral mehr wert als die Geige darin? – is the game worth the candle?

The issue of translation of proverbial and proverbial sayings, as well as phraseological units in general, represents a large field for conducting a wide variety of research. Because There are a large number of different translation methods and techniques; it is impossible to give a complete and absolute list of them. As part of this work, the most frequently used methods used in translating the bulk of proverbs and sayings from German into Russian were investigated and analyzed. In the course of our work, we came to the conclusion that due to the diversity and individual characteristics proverbial and proverbial clichés, methods of their transmission into the communicant’s language can be interchanged and come into contact with each other.

In the second chapter of this research work, three main groups were identified according to the method of translating German proverbs and sayings into Russian.

As the study showed, from the proverbial and proverbial sayings listed in the classification, 28% are pairs that are absolute equivalents, i.e. translation from German is carried out by literal translation or tracing. This constituted the first group of examples.

The second group of phraseological pairs was compiled by us from proverbs and sayings, which are incomplete equivalents of Russian ones, i.e. designation various items or phenomena of reality in a German proverb or saying does not always coincide with their designation in Russian. Let’s say the image of the “cuckoo” in the German proverb “Wieß der Kuckuck!” is replaced by the image of a dog in Russian (the dog knows him!), the image of a bear in the proverb “einen Bärenhunger haben” by the image of a dog (hungry like a dog), the image of a sheep “das schwarze Schaff” by the image of a crow (white crow). Their number is 32% of the total number of analyzed examples. Partial tracing was chosen as a method for translating these examples.

It is also interesting to note the presence in this group of cases when one Russian proverb or saying can be translated by two or more equivalent expressions in German. This phenomenon also occurs in the Russian language. Such pairs are called phraseological unities, where components can be replaced.

The third largest group (40%) are phraseological units proverbial and proverbial type, which do not have a similar equivalent in the Russian language. The absence of equivalents with similar designations of objects or phenomena of reality speaks in favor of national specifics German phraseological units, which include proverbs and sayings. After all, as L.I. Roizenzon emphasized: “between the nature of the people’s phraseology and the cultural and historical features of its development, relations of one-sided interconnectedness and interdependence are established” [Roizenzon 1972, 14]. In addition, translating a German saying or proverb through a Russian analogous statement without taking into account national specifics can lead to a semantic error. We translated such proverbial and proverbial statements using descriptive translation or selection of an equivalent in content, but different in lexical and grammatical content from the original version.

At the end of this chapter, I would like to recall the famous statement of the great I.V. Goethe: “When translating, one should get to the untranslatable, only then can one truly know a foreign people, a foreign language” [Vlahov, Florin 1980].

Conclusion

1. In the theoretical part of this work, a systematic comparative analysis of such concepts as “proverb” and “saying” was carried out, the features of their functioning in the German language as phraseological units, their structure, and also a comparative analysis was carried out, which made it possible to identify similarities and differences in structure and functions of these concepts. The study was carried out on the basis of the works of scientists of domestic and foreign linguistics, such as G.L. Permyakov, I.G. Olshansky, M.Ya Zwilling, I.I. Chernyshev, G. Poikes, F. Sailer and many others.

2. Based on the theoretical provisions of the first chapter, we can conclude that proverbs and sayings are part of the national phraseological fund of the German language. The study of these phraseological expressions shows that they represent a special microsystem within the general phraseological system of this language.

3. Analysis of various scientific works in the theoretical part showed that translators resort to a wide variety of methods of translating phraseological units. In the practical part of the study, the most suitable of them were identified for translating proverbial and proverbial sayings from German into Russian. For this purpose, three groups of examples were identified according to the method of translation into Russian:

· German proverbs and sayings with complete agreement with their Russian versions

· German proverbs and sayings with partial overlap with their Russian variants

· German proverbs and sayings with different translations into Russian.

4. After conducting the research, we can conclude that the translation of German proverbs and sayings has a number of difficulties. Some of them are easily translated into Russian, then a translation method such as tracing is used, i.e. literal translation or semi-calculation, i.e. selective translation. Other proverbs and sayings need explanation, since they have nothing in common with Russian expressions.

In conclusion, it can also be noted that proverbs and sayings, as phraseological units, of which there are a huge number in the German language, play a significant role in communication. Since phraseology is one of the most difficult aspects of learning a foreign language, having mastered basic knowledge about it, you can achieve a high degree of proficiency. For a student of a foreign language, studying proverbial and proverbial expressions of a foreign language is always associated with significant difficulties, especially if the translator’s native language does not have a phraseological expression similar in meaning and figurative structure. Therefore, this research work has a certain theoretical and practical significance and scientific value for such a discipline as phraseology and for linguistics in general.

Knowing the equivalents of Russian proverbs in German is very important when performing translation. In addition, capturing the similarities or differences in semantic shades contained in proverbial and proverbial sayings in two languages ​​provides a very significant help to the student of a foreign language.

Bibliography

1. Barkhudarov, L.S. Language and translation / L.S. Barkhudarov. - M.: International relations, 1975. – 245 p.

2. Bayer, H., Bayer, A. German proverbs and sayings / H. Bayer, A. Bayer. – M.: Higher School, 1989. – 184 p.

3. Breus, E.V. Fundamentals of the theory and practice of translation from Russian into English / E.V. Breus. – M.: URAO, 2004. – 305 p.

4. Vinogradov, V.V. Selected works: Lexicology and lexicography / V.V. Vinogradov. – M.: Nauka, 1986. – 147 p.

5. Vlahov, S., Florin S. Untranslatable in translation / S. Vlahov, S. Florin. - M.: Higher School, 1963. – 201 p.

6. Evteev, S.V. Fundamentals of translation theory / S.V. Evteev. - M: MGIMO, 2001. – 147 p.

7. Ershov, V.I. Translation aspect of communicative situations / V.I. Ershov. – M.: RUDN, 2005. – 157 p.

8. Komissarov, V.N. Translation theory / V.N. Commissioners. - M.: Higher School, 1990. – 213 p.

9. Latyshev, V.K. Translation: problems of theory, practice, methodology / V.K. Latyshev - M.: Education, 1988. - 169 p.

7. Podgornaya, L.I. Russian proverbs and sayings and their German analogues / L.I. Podgornaya. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2001 – 265 p.

8. Graf, A.E. Russische und deutsche idiomatische Redewendungen / A.E. Graf // - Leipzig, 1966 – 144 S.

9. Duden. Redewendungen und sprichwörtliche Redensarten. Band II.- Mannheim-Leipzig-Zürich; Duden, 1997

10. Küpper, H. Wörterbuch der deutschen Umgangssprache / H. Küpper - Claassen Verlag, Hamburg, 1963. - 163 S.

11. Dahl, V. Explanatory dictionary. T.4 / V. Dal. - M., 1955. – 173 p.

Annex 1

German proverbs and sayings with complete agreement with their Russian versions

Wer zwei Hasen zugleich jagt, fängt keinen - Who will chase two hares. No one will be caught

Die Ratten verlassen das sinkende Schiff – Rats abandon the sinking ship

Auge um Auge. Zahn um Zahn – An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth

Es ist nicht alles Gold was glänzt – Not all that glitters is gold

Besser spät als nie – Better late than never

Befehl ist Befehl - An order is an order

Den Freund erkennt man in der Not – A friend in need is known

Mein Haus ist meine Burg – My home is my fortress

Bei Nacht sind alle Katzen grau – At night all cats are gray

Neue Besen kehren gut – The new broom sweeps better

aus einer Mücke einen Elefanten machen – Making a mountain out of a molehill

die Katze im Sack kaufen – Buy a pig in a poke

den Stier bei den Hörnern packen – Taking the bull by the horns

ein Wolf in Schafpelz – Wolf in sheep's clothing

Schwanengesang – Swan song

Löwenanteil – The Lion's Share

Krokodilstränen – Crocodile tears

er tut keiner Fliege etwas zuleide – He wouldn’t hurt a fly

Aus nichts wird nichts - Nothing is made from nothing

Da liegt der Hund begraben - This is where the dog is buried

Eine melkende Kuh – Milking a cow

Keine Rose ohne Dorn – There is no rose without thorns

Keine Regel ohne Ausnahme – No rules without exceptions

Lügen haben kurze Beine – Lies have short legs

Alte Liebe rostet nicht – Old love never rusts

Kleine Kinder, kleine sorgen, große Kinder, große Sorgen - Little children are little troubles, big children are big troubles;

Aus den Augen, aus dem Sinn - Out of sight, out of mind

Es kamm, wie es kommen mußte - Everything happened as expected,

Jeder ist seines Glückes Schmied - Every smith of his own happiness;

Viel Lärm aus nichts – Much ado about nothing

Wo zwei zanken, da sei nicht der Dritte - Two are fighting, the third don’t interfere;

Friede ernährt, Unfriede verzehrt - Peace creates, strife destroys.

Wenn zwei sich streiten, freut sich der Dritte - Two quarrel, the third benefits;

Wer nichts tut, dem mißlingt nichts - He who does nothing makes no mistakes.

Wer Rechte hat, hat auch Pflichten – He who has rights has responsibilities;

Gleiche Rechte, gleiche Pflichten - Equal rights - equal responsibilities

Einigkeit macht stark - There is strength in unity;

Einer für alle, alle für einen - One for all and all for one.

Appendix 2

German proverbs and sayings with partial overlap with their Russian variants

Einigkeit macht stark – There is strength in unity

In jeder Herde findet sich mal ein schwarzes Schaf = Ein räudiges Schaf steckt die ganze Herde an. = Ein falsches Ei verdirbt den ganzen Brei – There is a black mark in the family

Da lachen ja die Hühner! - This is for the chickens to laugh at

Man lernt so lange man lebt – Live forever, learn forever

Wenn die Katze fort ist, tanzen die Mäuse – The cat is out of the house, the mice are free

Wer Honig lecken will, darf die Bienen nicht scheuen – Fear wolves, don’t go into the forest

Den Vogel erkennt man an den Federn – A bird is recognized by its flight

Jedem Vogel gefällt sein Nest – Each sandpiper praises its swamp

Einem geschenkten Gaul sieht man nicht ins Maul – Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth

Die Arbeit ist kein Frosch (Hase), sie hüpft uns nicht davon (sie läuft nicht in den Wald) – Work is not a wolf, it will not run away into the forest

Die Katze weiß, wo sie genascht hat – The cat knows whose meat it ate

Die Ziege ist satt, und der Kohl unberührt – And the wolves are fed and the sheep are safe

Besser ein Spatz (Sperling) in der Hand als eine Taube auf dem Dach = Besser heut ein Ei als morgen ein Küchlein = Besser ein kleiner Fisch als gar nichts auf dem Tisch - Better a bird in the hand than a pie in the sky.

Bei Wölfen und Eulen lernt man’s Heulen – To live with wolves, howl like a wolf

zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe schlagen – Kill two birds with one stone

wenn der Hahn Eier legt – When the crab whistles on the mountain

da lachen ja die Hühner – This is for the chickens to laugh at

ein alter Hase – Old fox

Mann und Weib sind ein Leib – Husband and wife are one Satan

Kein Feuer ohne Rauch – There is no smoke without fire

Klein, aber fein – Small, but distant

die Katze aus dem Sack lassen – Let the cat out of the bag

Sage mir, mit wem du umgehst, und ich sage dir, wer du bist - Tell me who your friend is and I will tell you who you are

Wie das Haupt, so die Glieder. Der Deckel ist würdig des Deckels. Wie der Kopf, so der Hut. Wie das Fleisch, so die Suppe = Wie die Alten singen, so zwitschern die Jungen; = Wie die Frau, so die Dirn, wie der Baum, so die Birn - As is the product, so is the merchant

Immer die alte Leier – Old song again

Von der gleichen Sippschaft sein. Von der gleichen Sorte sein. Vom gleichen Schlage sein - From the same dough

Trau, schau, wem – Trust, but verify

Der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm; = Wie der Baum, so die Frucht – The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree

Dein Wunsch ist mir Befehl - Your desire is law for me

Schweigst du still, so ist’s dein Will - Silence is a sign of consent.

Wie der Abt, so die Mönche - Such is the priest, such is the parish;

Sprich immerzu, doch lass die Hände in Ruh’ - Talk with your tongue, but don’t give free rein to your hands.

Rom ist nicht an einem Tage erbaut worden - Moscow was not built at once;

Würden sind Bürden - More honor - more trouble;

Ein gutes Wort führt die Kuh in den Stahl – A kind word also pleases the cat

Auch der beste Gaul stolpert manchmal - A horse has four legs, and then it stumbles

Aller Anfag ist schwer – Bad troubles beginning

Ende gut, alles gut - All's well that ends well

Die Hechte im Teich lassen die Fische nicht faul werden - That’s why the pike is in the pond, so that the crucian carp doesn’t doze off.

Vier Augen sehen mehr/ besser als zwei - One head is good, but two is better

Wie man den Karren schmiert, so läuft er - As you name the ship, so it will sail

Appendix 3

German proverbs and sayings with different translations into Russian

Hat die Kuh den Schwanz verloren, so merkt sie erst, wozu er gut gewesen. What we have, we don’t keep, and when we lose it, we cry.

Haust du meinen Juden, so haue ich deinen Juden - As it comes around, so it will respond.

Auf einer Pfütze ist die Fliege ein Admiral - Every sandpiper is great in its swamp;

Man soll den Tagen nicht vor dem Abend loben - Chickens are counted in the fall.

Ost und West, daheim das Best – it’s good at a party, but better at home

Ein falsches Ei verdirbt den ganzen Brei - A fly in the ointment spoils the barrel of honey

mein Name ist Hase (ich weiß von nichts) – My hut is on the edge, I don’t know anything

mit allen Hunden gehetzt sein – Shot sparrow, go through fire and water

Aber sicher, sagte Blucher! - Of course!

Alle Wetter! – That’s great (approval).

Mein lieber Mann! - astonishment

Das ist aber die Höhe! - This is too much!

Der Wolf ändert wohl das Haar, doch bleibt er, wie er war =Der Wolf stirbt in seiner Haut; - leopard change his spots

Nur Mut, es wird schon - It will grind, there will be flour;

Jedes Warum hat sein Darum; There is no smoke without fire;

Geduld bringt Huld/Rosen; Will endure, fall in love;

Kurze Rede, gute Rede = In der Kürze liegt die Würze – Brevity is the sister of talent

Ein Mann, kein Mann = Ein Mann macht keinen Tanz, eine Blume keinen Kranz = Einer ist keiner – Alone in the field is not a warrior

Ohne sich vorher zu plagen, kommt man nicht zu Glücken Tagen - You can’t even pull a fish out of the pond without effort

Der Schwanz muss dem Fuchs folgen - Where the needle goes, there goes the thread;

Kommt man über’ Hund, so kommt man über’ Schwanz - If there was a horse, there would be a collar.

Die Gesunden und Kranken haben ungleiche Gedanken = Topf von Ton und Topf von Eisen sollen nicht zusammen reisen - A man on foot is not a companion to a horseman;

Mit Verwandten iß und lach, aber nie Geschäfte mach - Friendship is friendship, but money is apart.

Wo die Liebe treibt, ist kein Weg zu weit - For a friend, even seven miles is not an outskirts;

Ein magerer Vergleich ist besser als ein fetter Prozess - A bad peace is better than a good quarrel;

Hochmut kommt vor dem Fall - Don’t fly high, you’ll have to fall deep;

Es ist noch kein Meister vom Himmel gefallen - It is not the gods who burn the pots;

Gelöbnis ist ehrlich, halten beschwerlich; Versprechen und Нalten ziemt wohl Jungen und Alten - Having given / given your word, hold on, and if you have not given, be strong.

In den kleinen Dosen sind die besten Salben - The spool is small, but expensive;

Ein Messer wetzt das andere - Don’t dig a hole for someone else, you yourself will fall into it;

Wer in den Kohl speit, muß ihn essen - Don’t spit in the well, you’ll have to drink some water.

Abgeredet vor der Zeit gibt nachher keinen Streit - Persuasion is a holy thing;

Tue recht, (und) scheue niemand - Stand boldly for a just cause;

Wer A sagt, muß auch B sagen - Called yourself a milk mushroom, climb into the back;

Pack schlägt sich, Pack verträgt sich – Their own dogs fight, the stranger doesn’t interfere

Der hat gut Rat geben, dem’s wohl geht, Fremdes Leid ist bald vergessen - I will remove someone else’s misfortune with my hands.

Ein jeder kehre vor seinen (eigenen) Tür; Pfau, schau deine Beine!; Willst du fremde Fehler zählen, heb an deine aufzuzählen - Don’t judge others, look at yourself.

Es ist nichts so fein gesponnen, alles kommt ans Licht der Sonnen - You can’t hide an awl in a bag.

Jedes Warum hat sein Darum – Everyone has their own why

Stahl auf Stein gibt Feuer - Found a scythe on a stone;

Man soll nicht mit Kanonen auf Spatzen schießen - They don’t shoot sparrows from a cannon.

Auf den Sack schlägt man, den Esel meint man – One thing on the tongue, another on the mind

Die gebratenen Tauben fliegen einem nicht ins Maul. “You can’t even take a fish out of a pond without difficulty.”

Eulen nach Athen tragen – Go to Tula with your samovar

Wo sich Hase und Fuchs (or wo Fuchs und Hase einander) gute Nacht sagen (or wünschen). – Where did Makar drive his calves?

den Bock zum Gärtner machen – Let the goat into the garden

herumgehen wie die Katze um den heißen Brei - Beating around the bush

wie ein begossener Pudel - as if lowered into water

jemandem den roten Hahn aufs Dach setzen – Let the red rooster fly

Erst bedacht, dann gemacht - Measure seven times, cut once

In Rom ist nicht gut mit dem Papst zu streiten = Andre Städtchen, andre Mädchen - they don’t go to someone else’s monastery with their own rules - They don’t go to someone else’s monastery with their own rules.

German proverbs are very diverse. There really are just a huge number of them - it is possible that even more than in the Russian language. And in general, German wisdom is of particular interest. Well, the topic is interesting, so I would like to talk about it in detail.

About German wisdom

Before listing German proverbs, it is worth briefly talking about the topic as a whole. So first of all. Proverbs are not sayings. They are different from each other. A saying is a figurative and vivid expression that carries a certain symbolic meaning. But the proverb is wisdom. They have a special, moralizing character. This is their main distinguishing feature.

Why are expressions of this nature so beloved by people and permanently entrenched in every culture? Everything is simple here. These phrases were formed by ordinary people, the people. No one sat in a circle and thought about what expression to compose. Everything arose by itself - in some situations, in certain circumstances. And so it stuck. All expressions are real, not far-fetched. This is their salt. They can really make a person not just think, but analyze something - sometimes even his life. They have a deep meaning, and each person is able to take something different from these words.

Sayings are easy to interpret. A striking example is the following expression: "Der Ball sieht den guten Spieler." Literally translated as “the ball sees a good player.” Reminds me of something, doesn't it? That’s right, this is an interpretation of our great “to the catcher and the beast runs.”

Each nation is unique and original. German proverbs are part of the local culture. And if you delve deeper into this topic, you can see that many expressions that appeared in Germany have the same or similar meaning to Russian ones.

Expressions with Russian analogy

So, it’s worth listing some German proverbs. One of the most spectacular is the following: “Adel liegt im Gemüte, nicht im Geblüte.” It is translated as follows: “Nobility is not in the blood, but in the soul.” If we talk about famous German proverbs with translation, then this one will probably be at the very beginning. And there is no need to look for the hidden meaning - it lies on the surface.

We are all well aware of the Russian expression “everything has its time.” Well, the Germans like to say that too. It just sounds different: “All Ding währt seine Zeit.” And “hard trouble is the beginning”? Also often used by our people. In Germany it sounds different: “Aller Anfang ist schwer.” The truth is translated a little more elegantly: “Every beginning is difficult.” But the essence is the same, in principle.

“Old age is not a joy” - we hear this regularly. In German, this expression sounds like this: “Alter ist ein schweres Malter.” The translation is different, but the meaning is the same. “Old age is a heavy toll” - and it’s true.

There is also a very original expression. In our native language it sounds like this: “Originally it was called “Long life!” And the ending sounded like singing at a funeral.” There is no need to even cite the Russian analogy as an example - everything is already clear. By the way, in German it sounds like a toast: “Am Anfang hiess es “Lebe lang!” Das Ende klang wie Grabgesang.”

Unique Expressions

In principle, whatever one may say, the same expressions exist in one nation or another, they just sound differently, and this is logical. This fact was proven by previous German proverbs with translation.

But Germany has its own twist. In the form of proverbs, analogies of which do not exist in other nations. Here is a striking example: “Anfang und Ende reichen einander die Hände.” In Russian it will sound like this: “The beginning and the end are reaching out to each other.” Surely this means that the work, once started, will definitely be completed, regardless of the circumstances - no matter how. Quite an interesting expression. “Beredter Mund geht nicht zugrund” - translated as “you won’t be lost with eloquence.” Our short definition immediately comes to mind, which suits some people perfectly - “loose tongue”. In Germany, as in many other countries, they value their native language and believe that a word is capable of much. This is probably where this expression came from.

The phrase “besser zehn Neider denn ein Mitleider” has a special character. It translates as follows: “10 envious people are better than 1 sympathizer.” This proverb immediately demonstrates the character of the native Germans. And confirms their fortitude. The meaning of the phrase is obvious. And indeed, it is better to endure the envy of others than sympathy. If they envy, it means there is something. And sympathy for many means pity. Not the best feeling.

Expressions with financial meaning

Germany is a rich country. There are many wealthy and successful people there. It may be a paradox, but many German proverbs have a meaning that means that wealth is good and one should strive for it. Unlike Russian “poverty is not a vice”, “there is no shame in being poor”, etc. There is no need to draw conclusions - just compare the standard of living and the number of unemployed. For example, this phrase is a good example: “Armut ist fürs Podagra gut.” Translated as “poverty promotes gout.” Everyone knows that this is a terrible disease, a real mutilation of the human body. So the meaning here is clear.

“Dem Armen wird immer das Ärgste zuteil.” The meaning of this saying is approximately that the worst evils constantly befall the beggar. Another expression meaning that “laziness pays with poverty.” which, unfortunately, not all people understand. More precisely, they are not fully aware of it. In German it sounds like this: “Faulheit lohnt mit Armut.” And one more motivating proverb: “Unglück trifft nur die Armen.” Its meaning is that troubles always come only to the poor.

And these are just some of the examples. It's no surprise that people in Germany strive for wealth. It is quite possible that the values ​​of wealth and security were laid down a very long time ago, and the above could have played a role in this.

Wisdom of the great

When talking about German proverbs with translation into Russian, one cannot help but note expressions belonging to great philosophers, writers and others famous personalities Germany.

For example, Johann Goethe once said: “Ein Mensch sein heißt ein Kämpfer sein,” which meant “to be a man is to be a fighter.” And he said everything correctly. After all, all people daily face problems, obstacles, troubles, troubles that they have to solve. And no matter how many there are, there is no way out. We need to deal with everything, even if through force. Isn't this a fight? The same theme is touched upon in his other catchphrase, which sounds like this: “Nur der verdient sich Freiheit wie das Leben, der täglich sie erobern muss.” And the meaning is this: only that person is worthy of life and freedom who fights for them every day.

And Nietzsche introduced such a concept as “umwertung aller Werte”. That is, “revaluation of values.” Everything is clear here - he meant that people sometimes attach too much great importance anything.

Marx and Engels - this too famous people, who wrote a lot of statements. Even if these are not German sayings and proverbs with translation, they also deserve attention. "Das Sein bestimmt das Bewusstsein" "Die Arbeit hat den Menschen geschaffen" ("Labor created man"), "Das Rad der Geschichte zurückdrehen" ("Turn back the wheel of history") are just a few of the popular aphorisms belonging to them.

I would like to complete the topic of celebrity statements with a saying from Heinrich Heine. In the native language of the publicist and poet it sounded like this: “Ein Kluger bemerkt alles. Ein Dummer macht über alles eine Bemerkung.” And the essence of the saying is that a reasonable person notices absolutely everything. A stupid person draws conclusions only based on a single case.

Expressions with subtle meanings

Many unique German proverbs and sayings have a very subtle meaning. And this is what makes them remarkable. For example: “Wenn man auch schief sitzt, so muss man doch gerade sprechen.” The translation is that even if a person sits crookedly, he should always speak straight. The wisdom “man wird zu schnell alt und zu spät gescheit” also has a good meaning. And it lies in this: people grow old too quickly and wise up too late. Also relevant. “Keine Antwort ist auch eine Antwort” - the main idea of ​​this expression is that if there is no answer, then it is still an answer. It's a paradox, but it happens. The phrase “wer viel fragt, der viel irrt” contains a rather topical meaning. Its meaning is simple. The point is that the person who asks too much and too often is simply, in fact, often mistaken.

Well, all of the above is just a small fraction of the expressions, wisdom and proverbs that the people of Germany can boast of. And if you think about each one, it may seem that many words that have become entrenched in German culture are indeed not just letters, but something that influenced the formation of the characters, values ​​and ideas of the Germans.