Homer Iliad full content read. End of the Trojan War
Subjects famous works"Iliad" and "Odyssey" are taken from the general collection epic tales about the Trojan War. And each of these two poems represents a small sketch from a larger cycle. The main element in which the characters of the work “Iliad” operate is war, which is not depicted as a clash masses, but as the actions of individual characters.
Achilles
The main character of the Iliad is Achilles, a young hero, the son of Peleus and the goddess of the sea, Thetis. The word "Achilles" is translated as "swift-footed, like a god." Achilles is central character works. He has a whole and noble character, which personifies real valor, as the Greeks understood it then. For Achilles there is nothing higher than duty and honor. He is ready to avenge the death of his friend by sacrificing his own life. At the same time, duplicity and cunning are alien to Achilles. Despite his honesty and sincerity, he acts as an impatient and very hot-tempered hero. He is sensitive in matters of honor - despite the serious consequences for the army, he refuses to continue the battle because of the insult caused to him. In the life of Achilles, the dictates of heaven and the passions of his own existence coincide. The hero dreams of fame, and for this he is also ready to sacrifice his own life.
Confrontation in the soul of the main character
Achilles, main character“Iliad”, he is used to commanding and managing, because he is aware of his strength. He is ready to destroy Agamemnon on the spot, who dared to insult him. And Achilles' anger manifests itself in the most different forms. When he takes revenge on his enemies for Patroclus, he turns into a real demon-destroyer. Having filled the entire bank of the river with the corpses of his enemies, Achilles enters into battle with the god of this river himself. However, it is very interesting to see how Achilles' heart softens when he sees his father asking for his son's body. The old man reminds him of his own father, and the cruel warrior softens. Achilles also bitterly misses his friend and sobs at his mother. Nobility and the desire for revenge fight in the heart of Achilles.
Hector
Continuing to characterize the main characters of Homer's Iliad, it is worth dwelling in particular detail on the figure of Hector. The bravery and courage of this hero are the result of the good will prevailing in his consciousness. He knows the feeling of fear, like any other warrior. However, despite this, Hector learned to show courage in battles and overcome cowardice. With sadness in his heart, he leaves his parents, son and wife, as he is faithful to his duty - to protect the city of Troy.
Hector is deprived of the help of the gods, so he is forced to give own life for your city. He is also depicted as humane - he never reproaches Elena and forgives his brother. Hector does not hate them, despite the fact that they were the culprits of the outbreak Trojan War. There is no disdain for other people in the hero’s words; he does not express his superiority. The main difference between Hector and Achilles is humanity. This quality is contrasted with the excessive aggressiveness of the protagonist of the poem.
Achilles and Hector: comparison
A frequent task is also a comparative description of the main characters of the Iliad - Achilles and Hector. Homer gives the son of Priam more positive, humane traits than the main character. Hector knows what social responsibility is. He does not put his experiences above the lives of other people. In contrast, Achilles is the true personification of individualism. He elevates his conflict with Agamemnon to truly cosmic proportions. In Hector, the reader does not observe the bloodthirstiness that is inherent in Achilles. He is an opponent of war, he understands what a terrible disaster it turns out to be for people. The whole disgusting and terrible side of the war is clear to Hector. It is this hero who proposes not to fight with whole troops, but to field separate representatives from each side.
Hector is helped by the gods - Apollo and Artemis. However, he is very different from Achilles, who is the son of the goddess Thetis. Achilles is not exposed to weapons; his only weak point is the heel. In fact, he is a half-demon. When preparing for battle, he puts on the armor of Hephaestus himself. And Hector is a simple man who faces a terrible test. He realizes that he can only answer the challenge, because the goddess Athena is helping his enemy. the characters are very different. The Iliad begins with the name of Achilles, and ends with the name of Hector.
Element of heroes
A description of the main characters of Homer's poem "Iliad" would be incomplete without characterizing the environment in which the action of the poem takes place. As already indicated, such an environment is war. In many places in the poem, the exploits of individual characters are mentioned: Menelaus, Diomedes. However, the most significant feat is still the victory of Achilles over his opponent Hector.
The warrior also wants to know for sure who exactly he is dealing with. In some cases, the confrontation stops for a while, and to ensure freedom for the warriors, as well as non-interference by outsiders, the truce is consecrated with sacrifices. Homer, who lived in an environment of war and constant murder, expressively depicts the dying torment of the dying. The cruelty of the victors is no less vividly depicted in the poem.
Menelaus and Agamemnon
One of the main characters of the Iliad is the Mycenaean and Spartan ruler Menelaus. Homer portrays both as not the most attractive characters - both do not miss the opportunity to abuse their position, especially Agamemnon. It was his selfishness that caused the death of Achilles. And Menelaus’s interest in the attack was the reason that the war broke out.
Menelaus, whom the Achaeans supported in battles, was supposed to take the place of the Mycenaean ruler. However, he turns out to be unsuitable for this role, and this place turns out to be occupied by Agamemnon. Fighting with Paris, he gives vent to his anger, which has accumulated against his offender. However, as a warrior he is significantly inferior to the other heroes of the poem. His actions prove significant only in the process of saving the body of Patroclus.
Other heroes
One of the most charming main characters of the Iliad is the old man Nestor, who loves to constantly remember the years of his youth and give his instructions to young warriors. Also attractive is Ajax, who with his courage and strength surpasses everyone except Achilles. Patroclus, Achilles’s closest friend, who was raised with him under the same roof, also evokes admiration. While performing his exploits, he became too carried away by the dream of capturing Troy and died at the merciless hand of Hector.
An elderly Trojan ruler named Priam is not the main character of Homer's Iliad, but he has attractive features. He is a true patriarch who is surrounded by a large family. Having grown old, Priam cedes the right to command the army to his son, Hector. On behalf of all his people, the elder makes sacrifices to the gods. Priam is distinguished by such character traits as gentleness and courtesy. He even treats Elena, whom everyone hates, well. However, the old man is haunted by misfortune. All his sons die in battle at the hands of Achilles.
Andromache
The main characters of the poem “Iliad” are warriors, but in the work you can also find many female images. This is named Andromache, his mother Hecuba, as well as Helen and the captive Briseis. The reader first meets Andromache in the sixth canto, which tells of her meeting with her husband, who returned from the battlefield. Already at that moment, she intuitively senses Hector’s death and persuades him not to leave the city. But Hector does not heed her words.
Andromache is faithful and loving wife who is forced to live in constant worry for her husband. The fate of this woman is filled with tragedy. When her hometown Thebes was devastated, Andromache's mother and brothers were killed by enemies. After this event, her mother also dies, Andromache is left alone. Now the whole meaning of her existence is in her beloved husband. After she says goodbye to him, she mourns him along with the maids as if he had already died. After this, Andromache does not appear on the pages of the poem until the death of the hero. Sorrow is the main mood of the heroine. She foresees her bitter lot in advance. When Andromache hears screams on the wall and runs to find out what happened, she sees: Achilles dragging Hector’s body along the ground. She falls unconscious.
Heroes of the Odyssey
A common question asked to students in literature classes is to name the main characters of the Iliad and Odyssey. The poem "Odyssey", along with the "Iliad", is generally considered the most important monument the entire era of transition from the communal-tribal to the slave system.
The Odyssey describes even more mythological creatures than the Iliad. Gods, people, fairy-tale creatures - the most different characters Homer's Iliad and Odyssey are complete. The main characters of the works are both people and gods. Moreover, the gods take an active part in the lives of mere mortals, helping them or taking away their power. The main character of the Odyssey is the Greek king Odysseus, who returns home after a battle. Among other characters, his patron, the goddess of wisdom Athena, stands out. Opposing the main character is the sea god Poseidon. An important figure is the faithful Penelope, the wife of Odysseus.
Wrath, goddess, sing to Achilles, son of Peleus,
Terrible, who caused thousands of disasters to the Achaeans:
Many mighty souls of glorious heroes cast down
In gloomy Hades and spread them out for the benefit of carnivores
To the surrounding birds and dogs (Zeus’s will was done),
From that day on, those who raised a dispute were inflamed with enmity
Shepherd of the peoples Atrid and hero Achilles the noble.
Who is from the gods immortal feat them to a hostile dispute?
The son of the Thunderer and Lethe - Phoebus, angry with the king,
He brought an evil plague upon the army; nations perished
In execution, that Atrid dishonored the priest of the immaculate Chryses.
The old man, he came to the fast-flying Achaean ships
To redeem the captive daughter and, bringing countless ransoms
More than the mighty Atrides, builders of the Achaean army:
“The children of Atreus and the magnificent-legged men of the Achaeans!
ABOUT! may the gods who have houses in Olympus help you,
Destroy the city of Priam and return happily to home;
You will free my dear daughter and accept the ransom,
Honoring the son of Zeus, striking Phoebus far away."
Only King Agamemnon’s heart was not to his liking;
Proudly he sent the priest away and gave him a terrible word:
“Elder, may I never see you before the courts!
Here and now, don’t hesitate and don’t dare to show yourself in the future!
Or neither the scepter nor the crown of Apollo will deliver you.
I will not give the virgin freedom; she will decay in captivity,
In Argos, in our home, far from you, far from our homeland -
Bypassing the weaving mill or sharing the bed with me.
Get away and don’t anger me, may you return healthy!”
Rec he; and the old man trembles and, obeying the king’s word,
He walks, silent, along the shore of the silently humming abyss.
There, having retired from the courts, the sad old man prayed
To Phoebus the king, the mighty son of Lethe's fair hair:
“God, silver-bowed, listen to me: O you, who guard, go around
Chris, sacred Killa and reign powerfully in Tenedos,
Sminfey! if when I decorated your sacred temple,
If when I burned my fat thighs before you
Goats and calves - hear and fulfill one wish for me:
Avenge my tears on the Argives with your arrows!”
So he cried out, praying; and silver-bowed Apollo listened:
He rushed quickly from the heights of Olympus, bursting with anger,
Carrying a bow over his shoulders and a quiver, closed from everywhere;
Loudly winged arrows, beating behind the shoulders, sounded
In the procession of the angry god: he walked, like the night.
Finally sitting down in front of the courts, the feathered swift mosque;
The silver bow of the Arrowman made a startling sound.
At the very beginning, he and the idle dogs attacked the Mescians;
Afterwards it struck the people with deadly arrows;
Frequent fires of corpses burned incessantly throughout the camp.
For nine days God's arrows flew at the army;
On the tenth day, Pelis called the Achaeans to a meeting.
The sovereign goddess Hera put this into his thoughts:
She was tormented by grief, seeing the Achaeans perishing.
The people quickly gathered, and when they gathered together,
Fleet-footed Achilles was the first to rise up in the assembly and say:
“We must, Atrid, as I see, having swam the sea back,
We will return to our homes only when we are saved from death.
Suddenly both war and a disastrous pestilence exterminates the Achaeans.
But let us test, Atrid, and ask the priest, or the prophet,
Or a dream fortuneteller (and there are dreams from Zeus):
Let them tell us why Apollo the celestial is irritated?
Is he angry because of an unfulfilled vow, or because of a hundredfold sacrifice?
Or from the lambs and chosen goats of fragrant fat
Does God demand that the Achaeans be saved from a destructive plague?”
Having said this, Achilles sat down; and instantly from the host
Calchas rebelled Thestorides, the supreme bird fortuneteller.
Wise, he knew everything that had passed, what was and what would happen,
And the Achaeans led ships across the seas to Ilion
The gift of foresight, inspired from above by Phoebus.
He, full of good thoughts, spoke and told them:
“King Achilles! you commanded to announce, beloved of Zeus,
The righteous wrath of Apollo, the far-smiting god?
I will proclaim; but you also agree, swear to me that it’s true
You yourself are ready to protect me with words and hands.
I'm afraid I'll anger my husband, who is supreme
King of the Argives and to whom all the Achaeans are submissive.
Is the king too powerful and angry with his subordinate husband?
At first, although he pacifies the outbreak of anger,
But the hidden malice, until it is fulfilled,
Keeps it in the heart.
Judge and answer, are you my protector?”
Quickly answering him, noble Achilles said:
“Believe and dare to build us an oracle, whatever it may be!
I swear by Phoebus, the favorite of Zeus, to whom, Calchas,
You pray, revealing to the Danai the broadcasts of God:
No, no one is before the courts, as long as I live and see
I swear, no one will raise their hands against you, I swear
In the camp of the Achaeans; at least you named Atrid himself,
He who is now proud of the supreme power in the Achaean army.”
Rec he; and he dared in his heart, and the blameless prophet spoke to them:
“No, not for the due vow, not for the hundred-year sacrifice
Phoebus, but for Chryses the priest: Agamemnon dishonored him,
He did not give him his daughter and refused the prayer and ransom.
Phoebus punished him for him, and will punish him with more troubles,
And from the destructive ulcer the smiting hand will not restrain
Before, until they are released to their father, without payment, free
His daughter is black-eyed and will not imagine Christ as a saint.
Victims of the Hundreds; Then only we will bow to God’s mercy.”
Having finished the word, Thestoridas sat down; and rose up from the host
Powerful hero, spatially powerful king Agamemnon,
We worry with anger; terrible in the chest of his dark heart
Filled with anger; his eyes lit up like a flame.
Agamemnon spoke to Calchas first, looking fiercely:
“Bad harbinger, you never said anything nice to me!
It’s joyful, it’s true, for you to only prophesy troubles to people;
You have neither spoken a kind word to us nor fulfilled it.
Behold, and now you preach God to us like a verb,
As if long-ranged Phoebus is causing trouble for the people,
Taking revenge on those brilliant gifts for the freedom to accept the Chryseids
I did not want; but in my heart I wanted the black-eyed maiden
Bring me into my house; I would prefer her to Clytemnestra herself,
taken as a wife by a virgin; her Chryseis is no worse
The beauty of the view, the pleasantness of one’s mind, and one’s deeds!
But I agree, I return it if it is useful:
I would rather see salvation than the death of the people.
You will replace my reward this day, but in the Argive camp
I won’t be left alone without a reward: it would be shameful;
You see everything - the reward is leaving me.”
Peleion, fleet-footed Achilles, answered him first!
“Proud of glory, Atrid, infinitely selfish!
Where can you find a reward for the good-natured Achaeans?
We do not have common treasures stored anywhere:
What we got from the devastated cities, we divided everything;
Again, what was given, to take away from the people is shameful!
It’s better to return yours, to please God. But after
We Argives will pay you three and four times,
If Zeus grants the strong-walled Troy to be destroyed.”
Turning quickly to him, the mighty Agamemnon spoke:
“No matter how valiant you are, Achilles, like immortals,
Don’t be clever: you won’t have time to deceive me or persuade me.
Do you want yourself to have the reward, but for me, deprived,
Did you sit silently? and you advise me to give the girl away?..
Let the Achaeans please me with a new bribe,
So much pleasant to the heart, equal in dignity to the first.
If they refuse, I will appear myself and tear you out of the bush.
Or yours, or Ajax’s bribe, or Odysseus’ bribe;
I myself will be cast out, and woe to him before whom I appear!
But we can still talk about this later.
Now we will lower the black ship onto the sacred sea,
We will elect strong oarsmen, we will put a hecatomb on the ship
And we will bring together Chryseis, the ruddy maiden.
In it may a man from the Achaean council sit as ruler,
Idomeneo, Odysseus Laertides or Ajax Telamonides
Or you yourself, Peleion, are the most terrible of the men in the militia!
Come and appease Apollo with a sacred sacrifice!”
Looking at him menacingly, fleet-footed Achilles answered:
“A king, clothed with shamelessness, a treacherous soul-lover!
Which Achaean will want to listen to your commands?
Who will either make a campaign, or fight bravely with the hostile?
Did I come for myself, so that the Trojans, horse tamers,
Should we fight here? The Trojans are not guilty of anything before me:
Their husband never stole my horses or my calves;
In my happy Phthia, populous, abundant in fruits,
Niv never trampled; the limitless divide us
Forest-covered mountains and noisy sea waves.
No, we came for you, we make you happy, at the Trojans
Seeking honor for Menelaus, you, dog-like man!
You, shameless one, consider everything to be nothing and despise everything,
You threaten me too, that you will steal my reward,
Painful feats of reward, the most precious gift to me from the Achaeans?..
But with you I never have an equal reward,
If the Trojan flowering city is destroyed by the Achaeans.
No, despite the heaviest burden of painful warfare
My hands always raise when division comes,
The richest gift to you, and I with a small, pleasant
I return to the camp without grumbling when I am tired of fighting.
Now I’m going to Phthia: it’s incomparably more pleasant for me
Return to the house on fast ships; disgraced by you
I do not intend to increase your spoils and treasures here.”
The ruler of men, Agamemnon, quickly exclaimed to him:
“Well, run if you want to escape! I'm not asking you
Stay for me; others will remain here;
They will honor me, and especially Zeus the Provider.
You are the most hated to me among the kings, the pets of Zeus!
Only you enjoy enmity, discord, and battles.
You are famous for your bravery; but she is a gift from God.
Returning to the house, run with the ships and with your squad;
Rule your Thessalians! I don't care about you;
I count your anger as nothing; but, on the contrary, I threaten you like this:
The god Apollo demands that I return Chryseis;
I will return - both in my ship and with my squad
I will send the maiden; but to you I will come, and from your booth to Briseis
I myself will carry away your reward, so that you understand clearly,
How much power I have above you, and so that everyone fears
Consider yourself equal to me and boldly align with me!”
He said, and Pelidu felt bitter: a mighty heart
In the hairy chest of the hero, thoughts were agitated between the two:
Or, immediately tearing out the sharp sword from the vagina,
Scatter those he meets and kill the lord Atrid;
Or subdue the ferocity, curbing the distressed soul.
In a moment, as such thoughts excite the mind and soul,
As he drew his terrible sword from its scabbard, Athena appeared,
Having flown from the sky; the golden-throned Hera sent it down,
Loving and protecting both battle-bearers with my heart; Athena,
Standing behind the ridge, she grabbed Pelida’s light brown curls,
Only revealed to him, invisible to others in the host.
He was horrified and, turning back, knew undoubtedly
Daughter of the Thunderer: her eyes burned with a terrible fire.
Turning his face to her, he directed winged speeches:
“Why, O daughter of Egiokh, did you descend here from Olympus?
Or did you want to see King Agamemnon go wild?
But I speak to you, and what has been spoken will soon come to pass:
Soon this mortal will destroy his soul with his pride!”
The bright-eyed daughter of Egiokh spoke to the son of Peleus:
“I will tame your stormy anger when you are subdued by the immortals,
Came down from heaven; the golden-throned Hera sent me down;
She loves you both equally and saves you.
End the discord, Peleion, and, contenting the angry heart,
Use evil words to sting, but do not touch the sword with your hand.
I predict, and it will soon be fulfilled:
Soon you will receive three times the famous gifts
Here they will pay for the offense: humble yourself and obey us.”
Turn to her again, said fleet-footed Achilles:
“It is necessary, O daughter of Zeus, to observe your commands.
No matter how fiery my anger is, submission will be more useful:
Whoever is submissive to the immortals, the immortals also listen to him.”
River, and squeezed his mighty hand on the silver handle
And he lowered his huge sword into its scabbard, submitting
To the word of Pallas; The daughter of Zeus ascended to Olympus,
To the house of Father Egiokh, the celestials to the bright host.
But Pelid the fleet-footed again with harsh words
He spoke to the son of Atreus and did not at all curb his anger:
“Loaded with wine, with the eyes of a dog, with a heart of Helen!
You will never stand openly in front of the army in battle,
Nor go into an ambush with the bravest men of the army
I did not dare with your heart: for you it seems like death.
Better and easier a hundred times over the wide camp of the Achaeans
Rob gifts from someone who dares to contradict you.
Tsar devourer of people! You are a king above the despised, -
Or, Atrid, you would have caused the last offense in your life!
But I tell you, and I swear with a great oath,
By this scepter I swear, which has neither leaves nor branches
Will not emit again, once leaving its root on the hills,
It will not vegetate again - the sophisticated copper exposed on it
Leaves and bark - and now which Achaean men
Carried in the hands of the judge, the guards of the statutes of Zeus, -
This scepter will be a great oath to you before the Achaeans:
The time will come, as the sons of the Danae will wish Pelida.
Everything to the last; you, even if you crash, will be powerless to them
Help to submit, like crowds of them from Hector the husband-killer
They will be thrown into the dust; and you are tormented by your soul, madly
I blame myself for having so dishonored the bravest Achaean.”
So he said, and he quickly threw the scepter to the ground,
Shining with golden nails all around, he sat down between the kings.
Against Atrid, Agamemnon raged while sitting; And
Nestor the Sweet-Speaker rebelled, the loud-voiced champion of Pylos:
Speeches from his prophetic lips, sweeter than honey, flowed.
Two generations of people already contemporary with him
Those who once grew up and lived with him disappeared
In lush Pylos; An old man reigned over the third tribe.
He, full of good thoughts, advises them and broadcasts:
“Gods! great tribulation comes to the Achaean land!
ABOUT! Priam and Priam’s proud children will rejoice,
All the inhabitants of Troy will admire the spirit immensely,
If they hear that you are creating bitter strife,
You, among the Danae, are the first in hosts and the first in battles!
But submit, you mighty ones! both of you are younger than me,
I have already seen your most famous battle-bearers from ancient times;
I entered into conversations with them, and they did not disdain me.
No, I have never seen such men and will not see them,
Voev, such as Pirithous and Dryas, leader of the peoples,
Terrible Exadius, Caeneus, Polyphemus, equal to the celestials,
And Theseus, born of Aegeus, like an immortal!
Behold, mighty men, glory to the sons of the earth!
They were mighty, they entered into battle with the mighty,
With the fierce children of the mountains, and they fought them in a terrible battle.
However, I was also in friendship with them, leaving Pylos,
The distant land of Apia: they called me themselves.
There I labored according to my strength; but fight with them
Who would dare to dare the people living on earth now?
But they also accepted my advice and listened to my speeches.
Be obedient too: listening to advice is useful.
You, Agamemnon, no matter how powerful you are, do not deprive Achilles
Virgos: the Achaeans gave it to him as a reward.
You, Achilles, refrain from proudly arguing with the king:
To this day no one has ever achieved such an honor.
The scepter-bearing king, whom Zeus exalted with glory.
You are famous for your courage, your mother goddess gave birth to you;
But he is the strongest here, the ruler of countless nations.
Humble your heart, Agamemnon: I, old man, beg you,
Set aside your anger for Pelida the hero, who is the strongest
A stronghold for all of us, the Achaeans, in the destructive battle of the Trojans.”
The lord of men, Agamemnon, answered him quickly!
“You speak so justly and wisely, O elder;
But this man, you see, wants to outdo everyone here,
He wants to rule over everyone, dominate everyone in the army,
Wants to tell everyone; but it is not I who intend to submit.
Or that the immortal gods made him brave,
This allows him to say insults to my face?”
Interrupting him angrily, noble Achilles answered:
“Everyone would rightly call me timid and insignificant,
If only I, the silent one, would please you in everything you say.
Demand this from others, pompous of power; me
Don't give me orders: I don't intend to listen to you anymore!
I will say another word, and keep it in your heart:
Never go into battle with a weapon in your hands for a captive maiden
I will not enter into this, neither with you nor with anyone; take back what you gave!
As for the selfish interests of others, stored in my black ship,
You will not steal anything from them against my will!
Or, come and taste it, let others see it too:
Black blood from you will flow around my spear!”
So the governors fought each other cruelly with words,
They stood up from their seats and destroyed the host before the courts of the Achaeans.
King Achilles to his fast-flying ships near the Don
The angry one left, and with him Methylene and the Thermidorian squad.
King Agamemnon lowered a light ship into the abyss,
He chose twenty oarsmen, placed a hecatomb on it,
A gift to Apollo, and Chryseis himself, a beautiful maiden,
He boarded the ship: the noisy Odysseus became the ruler;
They quickly flew along the damp paths.
Then Atrid sometimes ordered the Achaeans to cleanse themselves:
They cleaned themselves and threw the unclean things into the sea.
Afterwards, having chosen the hecatombs made by Phoebus to the king,
Goats and calves were burned on the shore of the barren sea;
The stench of Tukov rose to the skies with billowing smoke.
Thus the Argives labored in the camp; but King Agamemnon
He has not yet subdued his anger and has not forgotten his threats to Achilles:
He, calling before the face of Talthybius and with him Eurybates,
The wrathful one commanded the faithful minions and messengers:
“Proceed, faithful messengers, into the shadow of Achilles Pelides;
Taking Briseis by the hands, immediately imagine Briseis in front of me:
If he doesn’t give it up, come back and I’ll take it out myself:
I will come to him with strength, and the disobedient will have more sorrow.”
So he spoke and sent, commanding a terrible word.
The men walked reluctantly along the shore of the noisy abyss;
And, approaching the tabernacles and swift ships of the myrmidons,
There they find him, sitting before his tent
In the Duma; Pelid saw no joy when he saw those who came.
They were both embarrassed and in respectful fear of the lord
They began to neither tell him nor dare to ask him questions.
The noble Pelid penetrated his heart and spoke to them:
“Hello, herald men, messengers of God and mortals!
Come closer; You are not guilty of anything, but King Agamemnon!
He sent you for my reward, for young Briseis.
Friend, noble Patroclus, exterminate and give up Briseis;
Let them kidnap; but they themselves will be witnesses
And before the host of gods, and before the tribe of all men.
And before this frantic king, if there is no time again
The need will come for me to save me from the most shameful death
The rest of the army... is truly raging, having destroyed his mind;
He does not know how to connect the present with the future, he does not see,
How to ensure the salvation of the Achaean army during the trials!”
River, and the son of Menetius submitted to his kind friend.
He led a beautiful-haired maiden out of the hallway by the hand,
Gave it to the ambassadors; and they retire to the shadows of the Achaeans;
The sad maiden leaves with them. Then, having shed a tear,
Achilles abandoned his friends, and is far from everyone, lonely,
He sat down by the gray-haired abyss, and, looking at the dark-water pont,
He stretched out his hands in tears, begging his dear mother:
“Mother! When you brought me into the world short-lived,
Shouldn't the thunderous one have awarded me the glory?
Zeus Egiokh? But he didn’t do me any honor!
The king, proud of his power, Agamemnon, dishonored me:
He stole the reward of the heroic deeds and rules over it!”
So he cried out in tears; and his mother heard the cry,
Sitting in the abysses of the sea, in the monastery of the elder Nereus.
She quickly emerged from the foamy sea, like a light cloud,
She sat down next to her dear son, streaming bitter tears;
She gently caressed her with her hand, called him and said this:
“Why are you, O my son, crying? What sadness visited
Your heart? don’t hide, tell us, we both know.”
Swift-footed Achilles answered her, groaning heavily:
“You know, O mother: why should you, who know everything, tell me?
We went to sacred Thebes, to the city of Etions;
The city was destroyed, and everything they took was presented to the camp;
The sons of the Achaeans divided everything among themselves, as it should:
They gave the son of Atreev, Chrys, a lime-shaped daughter.
Soon Chris, the elderly priest of King Apollo,
He appeared to the black ships of the copper-armored Argives, wanting
To redeem the captive daughter; and, having brought countless ransoms
And holding in his hands, on a golden rod, Apollo
Red crown, he convincingly begged all the Achaeans,
More than the mighty Atrides, builders of the Achaean army.
Everyone expressed their agreement with a universal cry, the Achaeans
The priest is honored and accepts a brilliant ransom;
But King Atrid alone did not like this:
He rejected the priest proudly, speaking sternly.
The priest became upset and walked away; but he has a silver bow
Soon he listened to the prayer, the elder was kind to Apollo:
He listened and sent an arrow of destruction at the Danae; peoples
Ghibli, crowd upon crowd, and immortal arrows flew
From edge to edge along a wide waist. Then the soothsayer
Calchas the wise, told the sacred verbs of Phoebus.
I was the first to advise taming the irritated god.
Agamemnon flared up with anger and, rising from his place, fierce,
He began to threaten with words, and his threats came true!
In Chris the priest the daughter of the quick-eyed children of the Achaeans
In the light ship they carry gifts of reconciliation to God.
But recently ambassadors came to me from the bush
Brisov's daughter was taken away, the Achaeans' most precious gift to me!
Mother! when you are strong, stand up for your brave son!
Now go up to Olympus and pray to almighty Zeus,
If you pleased his heart in word or deed.
Often in my parent's house, in the days of my youth, I heard
You have often boasted that from Zeus, the thickener of the clouds,
You alone among the immortals averted the despicable intrigues,
On the day the Olympian gods dared to bind their father,
Hera and King Poseidaon and with them Pallas Athena.
You, O goddess, having appeared, destroyed the feats against Zeus;
You called the hundred-armed man to help you on multi-hill Olympus,
Whose name is Briareus in the gods, Aegeon in men:
A terrible titan, exceeding his father in strength,
He sat down near Kronid, both huge and proud of his glory.
His gods were horrified and all retreated from Zeus.
Remind Zeus of this and pray, hugging your knees,
Let him, father, desire to fight for the Pergamians in battles,
But the Argives, pushing back to the very ships and to the sea,
Strike with death, so that the Argives will enjoy their king;
Let this king himself, the powerful, arrogant Atrid, know
How criminal he is, having so dishonored the bravest Achaean.”
Thetis, shedding tears, spoke to her son in response:
"My son! Why did I raise you, born to disasters!
Grant, Zeus, that you may stand before the courts without tears and sorrows
Could have stayed. Your life is short, and its limit is near!
Now you are together - and the shortest of all, and the most ill-fated!
In an evil time, oh my son, I gave birth to you in the house!
But I will ascend to the snowy Olympus; lightning thrower
I will tell Zeus everything: perhaps he will reek of prayer.
Now you stay with the swift courts of the Myrmidons,
Feed anger at the Achaeans and completely refrain from battles.
Zeus the Thunderer yesterday to the distant waters of the Ocean
With a host of immortals he went to the Ethiopian feast blameless;
But on the twelfth day he will return again to Olympus;
And then I will go to the copper-built house of Zeus,
And I will fall at your feet and pray to the king.”
The word died and disappeared, leaving a sad son,
In his heart he harbored sorrow for the red-girt maiden,
By the power of Atrid taken away. Meanwhile, Odysseus the wise
Merry Chris reached the sacred Phoebe with the hecatomb.
With a noise the light ship ran into the deep-bottomed pier,
All the sails were lowered, stacked on a black ship,
The mast was pulled to the nest, hastily lowered on ropes,
And the ship was rowed together to the shelter.
There they throw the boats and knit berths to the shelter.
And with the retinue they themselves go to the shore of the abyss,
And they bring down the calves, a hecatomb to King Apollo,
And after Chryseis he descends to his father’s land.
Then the noble Odysseus led the virgin to the altar,
He gave it to the old man in his arms and greeted him with a word to the wise:
“Phoebe servant! Atrid Agamemnon sends me
Return your daughter to you, and Phoebus to the king hecatomb
Here to bring for the Danae, let us bow to the mercy of the ruler,
In anger at the Danaan tribe, which suffered great misfortunes.”
River, and handed Chryseis, and the old man embraced with joy
Dear daughter. Meanwhile the hecatombic glorious sacrifice
The Achaeans stand harmoniously around the magnificent altar,
Hands are washed with water and salt and barley are raised.
Chris prayed loudly, raising his hands in grief:
“Phoebus silver-bowed, listen to me! O you who bypass the guardian
Chrysa, sacred Killa and reign powerfully in Tenedos!
You graciously heard me before when I prayed
And he glorified me by striking the Achaeans with troubles;
So now hear and fulfill the elder’s prayer:
Now turn away the disastrous pestilence from the Achaean peoples.”
So he cried out, and silver-bowed Apollo heard him.
Having finished the prayer, they sprinkled barley and salt on the victims,
They raised their necks up, stabbed them, skinned their bodies,
The thighs were immediately cut off and covered with the trimmed fat.
The two of them circled around and the raw remains were placed on them.
The priest burned them on wood, sprinkling them with crimson wine;
The young men around him held five prongs in their hands.
Having burned the thighs and tasted the wombs of the slain,
Everything else is crushed into pieces, pierced with pricks,
They fry them carefully and, having prepared everything, remove them.
Having finished this concern, the Achaeans established a feast;
Everyone feasted, no one needed the general feast;
And when the hunger was satisfied with food and drink,
The young men filled their cups to the top with wine,
They carried cups around everyone, starting from the right country.
The Achaeans delighted the whole day with the singing of God;
The Achaean youths sang a loud paean to Apollo,
Glorifying him, the shooter, and he had fun, listening.
The sun has barely set and darkness has descended on the earth,
The swimmers fell asleep at the pier of the seaworthy vessel.
But only the rose-fingered Dawn appeared, the messenger of the morning,
The Achaeans set off on their way back to the wide camp.
Silver-bowed Apollo sent a wind favorable to them from the place.
The mast was set up, the white sails were all unfurled;
The middle wind immediately blew up, and the sailing ship
Purple waves rustled terribly around its keel;
It flew quickly along the waves, leaving the reins.
Afterwards, as soon as they reached the Achaean military camp,
They pulled the black ship onto sloping land
And, high up on the sand, rolling up huge logs,
They themselves suddenly sat down in their ships and in their bushes,
Meanwhile, he was at enmity, remaining black at the courts,
Zeus's pet, Pelid Achilles, fleet-footed warrior.
I was no longer in the councils, decorating men with glory,
Was not in any formidable battles; crushing the heart with sorrow,
Idle sat; but his soul was hungry for war and battle.
From that time on, twelve mornings were finally completed,
And the eternal gods returned to bright Olympus
Everything is cumulative; preceded by Zeus. Thetis has not forgotten
Son of prayers; emerged early from the foamy sea,
With the early fog she ascended to the great sky, to Olympus;
There, one seated, lightning thrower Zeus
He sees at the very top of the multi-peaked mountain, Olympus;
He sits close in front of him and, quickly hugging his knees,
With your left hand, and quietly touching your right arm,
This is what he says, begging his father and the lord of the immortals:
“If when I, our father, please you from the immortals
Whether in word or deed, grant me one prayer!
Mark me a son, O Zeus! He is the shortest of all the Danae;
But Agamemnon, the ruler of men, dishonored him:
He himself stole the award from him and is in control of it.
But take revenge on him, heavenly provider, Kronion!
Grant victory to the Trojan warriors until the Achaeans
They will not appear to honor their son and will not exalt his honor.”
So she said; but, without answering her, the cloud suppressor
He sat silent for a long time; and she hugged her knees,
She held it like that, crouching, and begged him again:
“Make an immutable vow and make a sacred mania,
Or reject it: you don’t know fear; rivers, I'm sure
Do I remain the most despicable of all among the immortal goddesses?
The cloud suppressor answered her, sighing deeply:
“It’s a sad thing, you incite hatred towards me
Hera the arrogant: will embitter me with insulting speech;
Hera and so incessantly, before the host of immortals, with me
He argues and screams that I will fight for the Trojans in battle.
But get away now, so they won’t see you on Olympus
Hera; As for the rest, I will take care of it myself and carry it out:
Look, and you will be sure, I will anoint you with my head.
Behold, on my behalf for the immortal gods, the greatest
Words are a pledge: that word is irrevocable, forever immutable,
And it can’t happen when I anoint my head.”
Rivers, and as a sign Zeus waves his black eyebrows:
Kronid's fragrant hair quickly rose up
Around the immortal head, and the multi-hill Olympus shook...
So they conferred and parted. Fast Thetis
She rushed into the abyss of the sea from the brilliant heights of Olympus;
Zeus returned to the palace, and the gods rose from their thrones
To meet your father; not a single one dared from the immortals
Sitting to wait for the future, but in the meeting everyone rose.
There the Olympian sat on the throne; but the mistress Hera
I learned everything, seeing how I gave advice to him
The Elder of the Abyss's daughter, the silver-legged mother Pelida.
Quickly, with a caustic speech, she turned to Zeus:
“Which of the immortals with you, treacherous one, built councils?
I know that you are always pleased from me, sincerely
keep secret thoughts; never by your own will
I didn’t dare tell me a word of my secret thoughts!”
The ruler, the father of both immortals and mortals, answered her:
“Hera, not all of you caress my decisions;
It will be painful for you, even though you are my wife!
What is not forbidden to know, no one will ever know
Before you, neither from the host of earthly nor from the host of heaven.
If alone, without gods, I would like to plan advice,
You don’t ask me, and don’t investigate them yourself.”
The hair-eyed goddess Hera again exclaimed to Zeus:
“Cloud buster! What kind of speeches are you making, cruel one?
I will never ask you or find out anything myself
I didn’t want to for a century; You always calmly plan what you want.
Even now I tremble about one thing, so that it does not bend you
The daughter of the old man of the abyss, the silver-legged mother Pelida!
She sat down with you early and hugged your knees;
You waved at her, as I note, wanting Pelida
It is an honor to take revenge and destroy the crowds of Argives before the courts.”
The cloud suppressor Kronion answered Hera again:
“Wonderful! You notice everything, you’re always watching me!
But you won’t have time to produce anything; more only
You will turn away my heart, and it will be worse for you!
If it happened like this, then without a doubt, that’s what I want!
Sit silently and obey my verbs!
Or all the deities on Olympus will not help you,
If, when I rise up, I lay my hands on you.”
Rec; the hair-eyed goddess Hera was afraid of him
And she sat silently, conquering her heart.
The heavenly gods sighed vaguely throughout the house of Zeus.
Here the Olympic artist, Hephaestus, began to talk,
Dear zealous mother, Hera of the lily-ramen:
“Such things will be sad, finally unbearable,
If you fight for mortals with such malice!
If you create confusion in the host of gods! Will disappear
Joy from the feast of light, if evil triumphs!
Mother, I convince you, although you yourself are wise,
Show obedience to the king Zeus, and be immortal again
Wrath will not burst out and our serene feast will not be disturbed.
If the father, the Olympian, shining with thunder, delights,
He will overthrow everyone from their thrones: in power he is greater than all!
Mother, trying to touch the mighty with sweet words,
And immediately the Olympian will be merciful to us.”
Thus said the brilliant double-bottomed cup, rising
He brings it to his dear mother and tells her again:
“Dear mother, endure and bear it, no matter how sad your heart is!
Dragging your son so much, don’t let him see it on you
Zeus strikes; I will be powerless, although I am collapsing,
Help to give: it’s hard for an Olympian to resist Zeus!
He is already older than me, prompted by my heart to help,
He rushed, grabbed his leg, and threw Prague out of heaven:
I rushed headlong all day and with the setting of the brilliant sun
He fell on the divine Lemnos, barely holding his breath.
There the Sintian men received me in a friendly manner.”
Rec; smiled the goddess, lily-ramen Hera,
And with a smile from her son, she accepted the brilliant cup.
He and other celestials, starting from the right country,
He offers sweet nectar, scooping it out of a bowl with a goblet.
The blessed inhabitants of heaven raised an unspeakable laughter,
Seeing Hephaestus fussing around the palace with the cup.
So all day long until the sun sets, the blessed gods
Everyone feasted, delighting hearts at the common feast
With the sounds of the beautiful lyre rattling in the hands of Apollo,
The singing of the Muses, answering the jingling with a sweet voice.
But when the brilliant light of the sun set,
The gods, wishing to rest, each retreated to the monastery,
Where is the home of every celestial being on hilly Olympus?
The wise Hephaestus created the lame-footed one according to creative plans.
Zeus went to his bed, the Olympian splendor,
Where he always slept, like a sweet dream visited him;
There he, having ascended, rested, and with him the golden-throned Hera.
Current page: 1 (book has 24 pages in total)
Homer
Iliad
Song one
Ulcer. Anger
Wrath, goddess 1
Goddess - here: Muse.Sing Achilles 2
Achilles (Achilles) is the main hero of the Trojan War, the son of the sea goddess Thetis and Peleus, king of the city of Phthia in Thessaly. Greatest of greek heroes; he performed many feats at Troy, but in the tenth year of the war he was killed by an arrow from Paris, which Apollo directed at the only vulnerable spot on Achilles’ body - at the heel (hence the expression “Achilles’ heel”).Peleeva 3
Peleus is the son of Aeacus, king of the Myrmidons. The daughter of the sea elder Nereus, Thetis, was given to him as his wife. All the gods were present at their wedding except the goddess of discord, Eris. Offended, Eris threw it on the table during the wedding Golden Apple with the inscription “the most beautiful”. Three goddesses argued over this apple: Hera, Athena and Aphrodite. The son of the Trojan king Paris, to whom they turned for a decision, gave preference to Aphrodite, who promised him love herself beautiful woman. Fulfilling this promise, the goddess helped Paris kidnap Helen, which started the Trojan War. Achilles (or Pelides, that is, the son of Peleus) was born to Peleus and Thetis.Son,
Terrible, who caused thousands of disasters to the Achaeans:
Many mighty souls of glorious heroes cast down
To dark Hades 4
Hades - son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus, god underground kingdom dead. His name means “invisible” and is a replacement for another name that inspired religious horror in people. Kingdom of Hades or often simply Hades (hell) - afterworld, kingdom of the dead.And he himself distributed them for the benefit of the carnivores
5
To the surrounding birds and dogs (committed by Zeus 5
Zeus (Zeves, Diy) is the son of Cronus and Rhea, who overthrew his father and seized power over the world. Zeus is the king of gods and men, the god of the sky, thunder and lightning, the supreme guardian of justice, the patron of those who pray and wanderers. In Troy, Idean Zeus is especially revered, residing on Mount Ida and from there ruling the world, “possessing from Ida,” as he is often called in the Iliad. will), -
From that day on, those who raised a dispute were inflamed with enmity
Shepherd of the Nations Atrid 6
Atrid – son of Atreus, Agamemnon. and the hero Achilles the noble.Who from the immortal gods moved them to a hostile dispute?
Son of the Thunderer and Lethe 7
Latona (Leto, Lethe) is the goddess who gave birth to Apollo and Artemis from Zeus.– Phoebus 8
Phoebus is the cult name of Apollo.Angry with the king,
10
He brought an evil plague upon the army; nations perished
To the execution that Atrid dishonored the priest of the immaculate Chryses 9
Chrysa is a mythical island dedicated to Apollo..
The old man, he came to the fast-flying Achaean ships
To redeem the captive daughter and, bringing countless ransoms
10
Apollo - god sunlight, symbolized by the golden arrows of this god, whose indispensable attribute was a bow. Apollo is also the patron of music and poetry, the leader of the choir of Muses and himself a skilled musician (kifared); He is also a diviner and healer. Son of Zeus and Leto (Latona), twin brother of Artemis.15
red crown 11
…on a golden rod, Apollo's red crown... - The rod is the belonging of the priest; crown - a bandage made of woolen ribbon, worn on the head of the statue of Apollo. Chris took it as a sign of supplication., he convincingly begged all the Achaeans,
More than the mighty Atrides, builders of the Achaean army:
“The children of Atreus and the magnificent-legged men of the Achaeans!
ABOUT! may the gods who have houses in Olympus help you 12
Olympus is a mythical mountain, the seat of the immortal gods. Olympus was identified with a high mountain in Thessaly.,
City of Priam 13
Priam is the king of Troy, a very old man, the father of fifty sons and fifty daughters; among them are Paris, Hector, Deiphobus, Cassandra. destroy and return happily to the house;20
You will free my dear daughter and accept the ransom,
Honoring the son of Zeus, striking Phoebus far away.”
Everyone expressed their agreement with a general shout 14
...expressed their agreement with a general cry... - In the popular assembly of the Homeric era there was still no voting and they expressed their agreement or disagreement with shouts. Achaeans
Only King Agamemnon 15
Agamemnon - king of Mycenae and Argos, son of Atreus, brother of the Spartan king Menelaus. At Troy, Agamemnon was the supreme leader of the allied Achaean army; on the day of his return from Troy, he was killed by his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus. it was not to my heart's content;25
Proudly he sent the priest away and gave him a terrible word:
“Elder, may I never see you before the courts!
Here and now, don’t hesitate and don’t dare to show yourself in the future!
Or neither the scepter nor the crown of Apollo will deliver you.
I will not give the virgin freedom; she will decay in captivity,30
In Argos 16
Argos - in the time of Homer - Argolid, a region in the Peloponnese in which the city of Argos later rose; sometimes the word “Argos” refers to the entire Peloponnese., in our house, far from you, far from our homeland -
Bypassing the weaving mill or sharing the bed with me.
Get away and don’t anger me, may you return healthy!”Rec he; and the old man trembles and, obeying the king’s word,
He walks, silent, along the shore of the silently humming abyss.35
There, having retired from the courts, the sad old man prayed
To Phoebus the king, the mighty son of Lethe's fair hair:
“God of silver bows, hearken to me: O thou who guardest, dost bypass
Chrysa, sacred Kyla 17
Killa is an unknown island or city near Troy. and reign powerfully in Tenedos 18
Tenedos is a small island off the coast of Troy; The Achaeans hid on it when they deceitfully sailed away from Troy, leaving an ambush in a wooden horse.,
Sminfey 19
Smintheus is the cult nickname of Apollo, meaning “slayer of field mice.”! if when I decorated your sacred temple,40
If when I burned my fat thighs before you
Goats and calves - hear and fulfill one wish for me:
My tears take revenge on the Argives 20
Argives, Argives - inhabitants of Argos. Homer uses the same word to describe all Greeks, as opposed to non-Greeks. with your arrows!” 21
...take revenge on the Argives with your arrows. – The Greeks explained the sudden death by saying that the god Apollo or his sister Artemis killed people with their arrows. (Apollo - men, Artemis - women.)So he cried out, praying; and silver-bowed Apollo listened:
He rushed quickly from the heights of Olympus, bursting with anger,45
Carrying a bow over his shoulders and a quiver, closed from everywhere;
Loudly winged arrows, beating behind the shoulders, sounded
In the procession of the angry god: he walked, like the night.
Finally sitting down in front of the courts, the feathered swift mosque;
The silver bow of the Arrowman made a startling sound.50
At the very beginning on Meskov 22
Mesk - mule or hinny, a cross between a horse and a donkey. He also attacked the idle dogs;
Afterwards it struck the people with deadly arrows;
Frequent corpse fires 23
Frequent fires of corpses... – In the Homeric era, burning corpses was the main form of burial. constantly burned throughout the camp.For nine days God's arrows flew at the army;
On the tenth day, Pelis called the Achaeans to a meeting.55
The sovereign goddess Hera put it into his thoughts 24
Hera is the daughter of Cronus and Rhea, the sister and wife of Zeus, the queen of the gods and the patron goddess of marriages.:
She was tormented by grief, seeing the Achaeans perishing.
The people quickly gathered, and when they gathered together,
Fleet-footed Achilles was the first to rise up in the assembly and say:
“We must, Atrid, as I see, having swam the sea back,60
We will return to our homes only when we are saved from death.
Suddenly both war and a disastrous pestilence exterminates the Achaeans.
But let us test, Atrid, and ask the priest, or the prophet,
Or a dream fortuneteller (and there are dreams from Zeus):
Let them tell us why Apollo the celestial is irritated?65
Is he angry because of an unfulfilled vow, or because of a hundredfold sacrifice? 25
The hundred-year-old sacrifice - that is, a sacrifice of one hundred calves (bulls) is the literal translation of the Greek word “hecatomb”. Meaning of the verse: God is angry because of the sacrifice promised but not made.
Or from the lambs and chosen goats of fragrant fat 26
The fragrant fat. – The fat (fat) of the sacrificial animal, along with some parts of the carcass, was burned in honor of God on the altar.
Does God demand that the Achaeans be saved from a destructive ulcer?”Having said this, Achilles sat down; and instantly from the host
Festorides rebelled 28
Calchas 27
Calchas is a soothsayer of the Achaeans near Troy.
Festorides - Calchas, son of Festor., supreme bird teller.70
Wise, he knew everything that had passed, what was and what would happen,
And the Achaeans led ships across the seas to Ilion
The gift of foresight, inspired from above by Phoebus.
He, full of good thoughts, spoke and told them:
“King Achilles! you commanded to announce, beloved of Zeus,75
The righteous wrath of Apollo, the far-smiting god?
I will proclaim; but you also agree, swear to me that it’s true
You yourself are ready to protect me with words and hands.
I'm afraid I'll anger my husband, who is supreme
King of the Argives and to whom all the Achaeans are submissive.80
The king is too powerful, angry with his subordinate husband:
At first, although he pacifies the outbreak of anger,
But the hidden malice, until it is fulfilled,
Keeps it in the heart. Judge and answer, are you my protector?”Quickly answering him, noble Achilles said:
85
“Believe and dare to build us an oracle, whatever it may be!
I swear by Phoebus, the favorite of Zeus, to whom, Calchas,
You pray, revealing to the Danai the broadcasts of God:
No, no one is before the courts, as long as I live and see
I swear, no one will raise their hands against you, I swear90
In the camp of the Achaeans; at least you named Atrid himself,
He who is now proud of the supreme power in the Achaean army.”Rec he; and he dared in his heart, and the blameless prophet spoke to them:
“No, not for the due vow, not for the hundred-year sacrifice
Phoebus, but for Chryses the priest: Agamemnon dishonored him,95
He did not give him his daughter and refused the prayer and ransom.
Phoebus punished him for him and will punish him again with troubles,
And from the destructive ulcer the smiting hand will not restrain
Before, until they are released to their father, without payment, free
His daughter is black-eyed and will not imagine Christ as a saint.100
Victims of the Hundreds; then only we are at God's mercy
let us bow.”Having finished the word, Thestoridas sat down; and rose up from the host
Powerful hero, spatially powerful king Agamemnon,
We worry with anger; terrible in the chest of his dark heart
Filled with anger; his eyes lit up like a flame.105
Agamemnon spoke to Calchas first, looking fiercely:
“Bad harbinger, you never said anything nice to me!
It’s joyful, it’s true, for you to only prophesy troubles to people;
You have neither spoken a kind word to us nor fulfilled it.
Behold, and now you preach God to us like a verb,110
As if long-ranged Phoebus is causing trouble for the people,
Taking revenge on those brilliant gifts for the freedom to accept the Chryseids
I did not want; but in my heart I wanted the black-eyed maiden
Bring me into my house; I would prefer her to Clytemnestra herself 29
Clytemnestra is the daughter of Leda and Tyndareus, the wife of Agamemnon (see Agamemnon and Orestes).,
taken as a wife by a virgin; her Chryseis is no worse115
The beauty of the view, the pleasantness of one’s mind, and one’s deeds!
But I agree, I return it if it is useful:
I would rather see salvation than the death of the people.
You will replace my reward this day, but in the Argive camp
I won’t be left alone without a reward: it would be shameful;120
You see everything - the reward is leaving me.”Peleion, fleet-footed Achilles, answered him first:
“Proud of glory, Atrid, infinitely selfish!
Where can you find a reward for the good-natured Achaeans?
We do not have common treasures stored anywhere:125
What we got from the devastated cities, we divided everything;
Again, what was given, to take away from the people is shameful!
It’s better to return yours, to please God. But after
We Argives will pay you three and four times,
If Zeus grants strong-walled Troy 30
Troy is a city in Asia Minor near the Scamander River. Paris took Helen to Troy; For this reason, the city was attacked by the allied army of the Achaeans and, after a ten-year siege, was taken using a trick with a wooden horse and destroyed. destroy."130
Turning quickly to him, the mighty Agamemnon spoke:
“No matter how valiant you are, Achilles, like immortals,
Don’t be clever: you won’t be able to deceive me or persuade me.
Do you want yourself to have the reward, but for me, deprived,
Did you sit silently? and you advise me to give the girl away?..135
Let the Achaeans please me with a new bribe,
So much pleasant to the heart, equal in dignity to the first.
If they refuse, I will appear myself and tear you out of the bush.
Or yours, or Ajax’s bribe, or Odysseus’ bribe;
I myself will be cast out, and woe to him before whom I appear!140
But we can still talk about this later.
Now we will lower the black ship onto the sacred sea,
We will elect strong oarsmen, we will put a hecatomb on the ship
And we will bring together Chryseis, the ruddy maiden.
In it may a man from the Achaean council sit as ruler,145
Idomepaeus, Odysseus Laertides, il Ajax Telamonides 31
Telamon is the king of the island of Salamis, the son of Aeacus and the brother of Peleus, the father of Ajax and Teucer.,
Or you yourself, Peleion, are the most terrible of the men in the militia!
Come to us and appease Apollo with a sacred sacrifice!”Looking at him menacingly, fleet-footed Achilles answered:
“A king, clothed with shamelessness, a treacherous soul-lover!150
Which Achaean will want to listen to your commands?
Who will either make a campaign, or fight bravely with the hostile?
Did I come for myself, so that the Trojans, horse tamers, 32
Horse tamers. – This expression means “strong, mighty.”
Should we fight here? The Trojans are not guilty of anything before me:
Their husband never stole my horses or my calves;155
In happy Phthia 33
Phthia – main city Myrmidons, capital of the kingdom of Peleus and Achilles. mine, populous, abundant in fruits,
Niv never trampled; the limitless divide us
Forest-covered mountains and noisy sea waves.
No, we came for you, we make you happy, at the Trojans
Honor seeking Menelaus 34
Menelaus is the son of Atreus, brother of Agamemnon, husband of Helen (see Helen)., to you, canine man 35
Canid - means “shameless”; the dog was considered a symbol of shamelessness.160
You, shameless one, consider everything to be nothing and despise everything,
You threaten me too, that you will steal my reward,
Painful feats of reward, the most precious gift to me from the Achaeans?..
But with you I never have an equal reward,
If the Trojan flowering city of the Achaeans is destroyed 36
If the Trojan... the Achaeans destroy the city. – In the first years of the Trojan War, the Achaean army defeated and plundered all nearby cities allied with Troy.165
No, despite the heaviest burden of painful warfare
My hands always raise when division comes,
The richest gift to you, and I with a small, pleasant
I return to the camp without grumbling when I am tired of fighting.
Now I’m going to Phthia: it’s incomparably more pleasant for me170
Return to the house on fast ships; disgraced by you
I do not intend to increase your spoils and treasures here.”The ruler of men, Agamemnon, quickly exclaimed to him:
“Well, run if you want to escape! I'm not asking you
Stay for me; others will remain here;175
They will honor me, and especially Zeus the Provider.
You are the most hated to me among the kings, the pets of Zeus!
Only you enjoy enmity, discord, and battles.
You are famous for your bravery; but she is a gift from God.
Returning to the house, run with the ships and with your squad;180
Rule your Thessalians! I don't care about you;
I count your anger as nothing; but on the contrary, I threaten you like this:
The god Apollo demands that I return Chryseis;
I will return - both in my ship and with my squad
I will send the maiden; but to you I will come, and from your booth to Briseis185
I myself will carry away your reward, so that you understand clearly,
How much power I have above you, and so that everyone fears
Consider yourself equal to me and boldly align with me!”He said, and Pelidu felt bitter: a mighty heart
In the hairy chest of the hero, thoughts were agitated between the two:190
Or, immediately tearing out the sharp sword from the vagina,
Scatter those he meets and kill the lord Atrid;
Or subdue the ferocity, curbing the distressed soul.
In a moment, as such thoughts excite the mind and soul,
As he drew his terrible sword from its scabbard, Athena appeared,195
Having flown from the sky; the golden-throned Hera sent it down,
Loving and protecting both battle-bearers with my heart; Athena,
Standing behind the ridge, she grabbed Pelida’s light brown curls,
Only revealed to him, invisible to others in the host.
He was horrified and, turning back, knew undoubtedly200
Daughter of the Thunderer: her eyes burned with a terrible fire.
Turning his face to her, he directed winged speeches:
“What are you, O daughter of Egiokh 37
Egiokh is an epithet of Zeus, meaning “bearer of the aegis.”, descended here from Olympus?
Or did you want to see King Agamemnon go wild?
But I speak to you, and what has been spoken will soon come to pass:205
Soon this mortal will destroy his soul with his pride!”The bright-eyed daughter of Egiokh spoke to the son of Peleus:
“I will tame your stormy anger when you are subdued by the immortals,
Came down from heaven; the golden-throned Hera sent me down;
She loves you both equally and saves you.210
End the discord, Peleion, and, contenting the angry heart,
Use evil words to sting, but do not touch the sword with your hand.
I predict, and it will soon be fulfilled:
Soon you will receive three times the famous gifts
Here they will pay for the offense: humble yourself and obey us.”215
Fleet-footed Achilles spoke to her again:
“It is necessary, O daughter of Zeus, to observe your commands.
No matter how fiery my anger is, submission will be more useful:
Whoever is submissive to the immortals, the immortals also listen to him.”River, and squeezed his mighty hand on the silver handle
220
And he lowered his huge sword into its scabbard, submitting
To the word of Pallas; The daughter of Zeus ascended to Olympus,
To the house of Father Egiokh, the celestials to the bright host.
But Pelid the fleet-footed again with harsh words
He spoke to the son of Atreus and did not at all curb his anger:225
“Loaded with wine, with the eyes of a dog, with a heart of Helen 38
With the heart of Elena. – Helen is a deer, considered by the Greeks to be the embodiment of cowardice.!
You will never stand openly in front of the army in battle,
Nor go into an ambush with the bravest men of the army
I did not dare with your heart: for you it seems like death.
Better and easier a hundred times over the wide camp of the Achaeans230
Rob gifts from someone who dares to contradict you.
Tsar devourer of people! You are a king above the despised, -
Or, Atrid, you would have caused the last offense in your life!
But I tell you and I swear with a great oath,
I swear by this scepter 39
I swear by this scepter... - While speaking, Achilles holds in his hands a scepter, which, as a sign of power, was presented in the national assembly to everyone who took the floor. which has neither leaves nor branches235
Will not emit again, once leaving its root on the hills,
It will not vegetate again - the sophisticated copper exposed on it
Leaves and bark - and now which Achaean men
Carried in the hands of the judge, the guards of the statutes of Zeus, -
This scepter will be a great oath to you before the Achaeans:240
The time will come, as the sons of the Danae will wish Pelida
Everything to the last; you, even if you crash, will be powerless to them
Help submit as crowds of them from Hector 40
Hector is the son of Priam and Hecuba, the main defender of Troy. husband killers
They will be thrown into the dust; and you are tormented by your soul, madly
I blame myself for having so dishonored the bravest Achaean.”245
So he said, and he quickly threw the scepter to the ground,
Shining with golden nails all around, he sat down between the kings.
Against Atrid, Agamemnon raged while sitting; and Nestor 41
Nestor is the oldest among the Achaean leaders who took part in the campaign at Troy, the son of Neleus, king of Pylos. He was distinguished by wisdom and eloquence.
The sweet-tongued one rose up, the loud-voiced champion of Pylos:
Speeches from his prophetic lips, sweeter than honey, flowed.250
Two generations of people already contemporary with him
Those who once grew up and lived with him disappeared
In Pylos 42
Pylos – 1) the capital of Nestor’s possessions, a seaside city in the southwest of the Peloponnese; 2) a city in Elis, south of Alpheus. lush; An old man reigned over the third tribe.
He, full of good thoughts, advises them and broadcasts:
“Gods! great sorrow is coming to the Achaean land!255
ABOUT! Priam and Priam’s proud children will rejoice,
All the inhabitants of Troy will admire the spirit immensely,
If they hear that you are creating bitter strife,
You, among the Danae, are the first in hosts and the first in battles!
But submit, you mighty ones! both of you are younger than me,260
I have already seen your most famous battle-bearers from ancient times;
I entered into conversations with them, and they did not disdain me.
No, I have never seen such men and will not see them 43
…I won’t even see such husbands.... – According to Homer’s idea, each new generation of heroes is weaker than the previous one.,
Voev, what is Pirithous like? 44
Pirithous is the king of the mythical Thessalian people of the Lapiths, a friend and ally of Theseus. At his wedding, drunken centaurs attacked the Lapith women, which started a battle between the centaurs and the Lapiths, in which Nestor also took part. Together with Theseus, Pirithous descended to the kingdom of Hades to kidnap Persephone; but both heroes grew to the wonderful seats on which Hades sat them. Theseus was freed by Hercules, who came to the kingdom of the dead for Cerberus, and Pirithous remained in Hades. and Dryas 45
Dryas is one of the Lapiths, and also the father of Lycurgus., leader of the nations,
Terrible Exadium 46
Exadius is one of the Lapiths., Kenei 47
Caeneas is one of the Lapith warriors., Polyphemus 48
Polyphemus - 1) a warrior from the Lapith army; 2) Cyclops., equal to the celestials265
And born of Aegean 49
Aegeus is the king of Athens, considered the father of Theseus. When Theseus returned from Crete after defeating the Minotaur (see Ariadne), he forgot to fulfill the condition concluded with his father before sailing, and did not raise white sails on the ship as a sign of a successful outcome. Aegeus saw the black sails of the ship from afar and, deciding that his son had died, rushed into the sea, which was named the Aegean in his honor. Theseus 50
Theseus is an Attic hero who accomplished many feats, purified, like Hercules, native land from monsters and robbers. Theseus was considered the son of Poseidon and Ephra, the wife of the Athenian king Aegeus, and was himself a king in Athens. About him - see also Ariadne and Pirithous., like immortals!
Behold, mighty men, glory to the sons of the earth!
They were mighty, they entered into battle with the mighty,
With the fierce children of the mountains 51
Fierce children of the mountains- centaurs, half-humans, half-horses. At the wedding of Pirithous, drunken centaurs began to attack women; because of this, a battle with the centaurs began., and they fought them in a terrible fight.
However, I was also in friendship with them, leaving Pylos,270
Far Apia 52
Apia is the oldest name of the Peloponnese. earth: they called me themselves.
There I labored according to my strength; but fight with them
Who would dare to dare the people living on earth now?
But they also accepted my advice and listened to my speeches.
Be obedient too: listening to advice is useful.275
You, Agamemnon, no matter how powerful you are, do not deprive Achilles
Virgos: the Achaeans gave it to him as a reward.
You, Achilles, refrain from proudly arguing with the king:
To this day no one has ever achieved such an honor.
The scepter-bearing king, whom Zeus exalted with glory.280
You are famous for your courage, your mother goddess gave birth to you 53
Mother- mother of Achilles, sea goddess Thetis, daughter of the “old man of the sea” Nereus (see verse 358).;
But he is the strongest here, the ruler of countless nations.
Humble your heart, Agamemnon: I, old man, beg you,
Set aside your anger for Pelida the hero, who is the strongest
A stronghold for all of us, Achaeans, in the destructive battle of the Trojans.”285
The ruler of men, Agamemnon, quickly answered him:
“You speak so justly and wisely, O elder;
But this man, you see, wants to outdo everyone here,
He wants to rule over everyone, dominate everyone in the army,
Wants to tell everyone; but it is not I who intend to submit.290
Or that the immortal gods made him brave,
So they allow him to say insults to my face?”Interrupting him angrily, noble Achilles answered:
“Everyone would rightly call me timid and insignificant,
If only I, the silent one, would please you in everything you say.295
Demand this from others, pompous of power; me
Don't give me orders: I don't intend to listen to you anymore!
I will say another word, and keep it in your heart:
Never go into battle with a weapon in your hands for a captive maiden
I will not enter into this, neither with you nor with anyone; take back what you gave!300
As for the selfish interests of others, stored in my black ship,
You will not steal anything from them against my will!
Or, come and taste it, let others see it too:
Black blood from you will flow around my spear!”So the governors fought each other cruelly with words,
305
They got up from their seats and destroyed the host 54
Destroyed the host- the meeting was dissolved. before the courts of the Achaeans.
King Achilles to his fast-flying Myrmidon ships
The wrathful one departed, and Menetides was with him 55
Menetius is one of the Argonauts, the father of Patroclus, who is often called Menetiad, Menetides, by his father’s name in the Iliad. with the Myrmidon squad.
King Agamemnon lowered a light ship into the abyss,
He chose twenty oarsmen, placed a hecatomb on it,310
A gift to Apollo, and Chryseis himself, a beautiful maiden,
He boarded the ship: the wise Odysseus became the ruler;
They quickly flew along the damp paths.
Then Atrid sometimes ordered the Achaeans to cleanse themselves:
They cleaned themselves and threw the unclean things into the sea.315
Afterwards, having chosen the hecatombs made by Phoebus to the king,
Goats and calves were burned on the shore of the barren sea;
The stench of Tukov rose to the skies with billowing smoke.Thus the Argives labored in the camp; but King Agamemnon
He has not yet subdued his anger and has not forgotten his threats to Achilles:320
He, calling before the face of Talthybius 56
Talthybius is the messenger of Agamemnon, later the teacher of his son Orestes. and with him Eurybates 57
Eurybates (Evrybates) is the herald of Odysseus, who accompanied him on the campaign to Troy.,
The wrathful one commanded the faithful minions and messengers:
“Proceed, faithful messengers, into the shadow of Achilles Pelides;
Taking Briseis by the hands, immediately imagine Briseis in front of me:
If he doesn’t give it up, come back and I’ll take it out myself:325
I will come to him with strength, and the disobedient will have more sorrow.”So he spoke and sent, commanding a terrible word.
The men walked reluctantly along the shore of the noisy abyss;
And, approaching the tabernacles and swift ships of the myrmidons,
There they find him, sitting before his tent330
In the Duma; Pelid saw no joy when he saw those who came.
They were both embarrassed and in respectful fear of the lord
They began to neither tell him nor dare to ask him questions.
The noble Pelid penetrated his heart and spoke to them:
“Hello, men's heralds, messengers of God 58
Heralds, messengers of God. – The herald and messenger were under the special protection of the gods and were inviolable. and mortals!335
Come closer; You are not guilty of anything, but King Agamemnon!
He sent you for my reward, for young Briseis.
Friend, noble Patroclus 59
Patroclus is Achilles's closest friend, who followed him to Troy and fell at the hands of Hector., exterminate and give Briseis;
Let them kidnap; but they themselves will be witnesses
And before the host of gods, and before the tribe of all men,340
And before this frantic king, if there is no time again
The need will come for me to save me from the most shameful death
The rest of the army... is truly raging, having destroyed his mind;
He does not know how to connect the present with the future, he does not see,
How to ensure the salvation of the Achaean army during the trials!”345
River, and the son of Menetius submitted to his kind friend.
He led a beautiful-haired maiden out of the hallway by the hand,
Gave it to the ambassadors; and they retire to the shadows of the Achaeans;
The sad maiden leaves with them. Then, having shed a tear,
Achilles abandoned his friends, and is far from everyone, lonely,350
He sat down by the gray-haired abyss, and, looking at the dark-water pont,
He stretched out his hands in tears, begging his dear mother:
“Mother! When you brought me into the world short-lived,
Shouldn't the thunderous one have awarded me the glory?
Zeus Egiokh? But he didn’t do me any honor!355
The king, proud of his power, Agamemnon, dishonored me:
He stole the reward of the heroic deeds and rules over it!”So he cried out in tears; and his mother heard the cry,
.
Sitting in the abysses of the sea, in the monastery of the elder Nereus 60
Nereus is the “old man of the sea,” the son of Pontus the sea and Gaia the earth.
She quickly emerged from the foamy sea, like a light cloud,360
She sat down next to her dear son, streaming bitter tears;
She gently caressed her with her hand, called him and said this:
“Why are you crying, O my son? What sadness visited
Your heart? don’t hide, tell us, we both know.”Swift-footed Achilles answered her, groaning heavily:
365
“You know, O mother: why should you, who know everything, tell me?
We are at sacred Thebes 61
Thebes is a city in Troas, at the foot of Mount Plaka, the birthplace of Andromache; was destroyed by Achilles., to the city of Etions 62
Thebes, city of Etions. – This does not mean Egyptian Thebes or Thebes in Boeotia, but a city in Asia Minor. went;
The city was destroyed, and everything they took was presented to the camp;
The sons of the Achaeans divided everything among themselves, as it should:
They gave the son of Atreev, Chrys, a lime-shaped daughter.370
Soon Chris, the elderly priest of King Apollo,
He appeared to the black ships of the copper-armored Argives, wanting
To redeem the captive daughter; and, having brought countless ransoms
And holding in his hands, on a golden rod, Apollo
Red crown, he convincingly begged all the Achaeans,375
More than the mighty Atrides, builders of the Achaean army.
Everyone expressed their agreement with a universal cry, the Achaeans
The priest is honored and accepts a brilliant ransom;
But King Atrid alone did not like this:
He rejected the priest proudly, speaking sternly.380
The priest became upset and walked away; but he has a silver bow
Soon he listened to the prayer, the elder was kind to Apollo:
He listened and sent an arrow of destruction at the Danae; peoples
Ghibli, crowd upon crowd, and immortal arrows flew
From edge to edge along a wide waist. Then the soothsayer385
Calchas the wise, told the sacred verbs of Phoebus.
I was the first to advise taming the irritated god.
Agamemnon flared up with anger and, rising from his place, fierce,
He began to threaten with words, and his threats came true!
In Chris the priest the daughter of the quick-eyed children of the Achaeans390
In the light ship they carry gifts of reconciliation to God.
But recently ambassadors came to me from the bush
Brisov's daughter was taken away, the Achaeans' most precious gift to me!
Mother! when you are strong, stand up for your brave son!
Now go up to Olympus and pray to almighty Zeus,395
If you pleased his heart in word or deed.
Often in my parent's house, in the days of my youth, I heard
You have often boasted that from Zeus, the thickener of the clouds,
You alone among the immortals averted the despicable intrigues,
On the day the Olympian gods dared to bind their father,400
Hera and King Poseidaon and with them Pallas Athena 63
Pallas Athena is the daughter of Zeus, born from his head. Warrior goddess, eternally virgin goddess of wisdom, patroness of weaving. Her permanent epithet- “bright-eyed”, more precisely, “owl-eyed” - indicates that in ancient times the goddess was represented in the form of an owl, which later became her sacred animal..
You, O goddess, having appeared, destroyed the feats against Zeus;
You called the hundred-armed man to help you on multi-hill Olympus,
Whose name in the gods is Briareus 64
Briareus - the hundred-armed giant enormous power, son of Gaia-earth and Uranus-sky., Aegeon - in people:
A terrible titan, exceeding his father in strength,405
He sat down near Kronid, both huge and proud of his glory.
His gods were horrified and all retreated from Zeus.
Remind Zeus of this and pray, hugging your knees,
May he, father, desire to fight for the Pergamians in battles 65
Pergamians- Trojans.,
But the Argives, pushing back to the very ships and to the sea,410
Strike with death, so that the Argives will enjoy their king;
Let this king himself, the powerful, arrogant Atrid, know
How criminal he is, having so dishonored the bravest Achaean.”Thetis spoke to her son in response 66
shedding tears:
Thetis is the daughter of the sea elder Nereus (Nereid), wife of Peleus, mother of Achilles. At her wedding, there was a dispute between three goddesses over an “apple of discord.”
"My son! Why did I raise you, born to disasters!415
Grant, Zeus, that you may stand before the courts without tears and sorrows
Could have stayed. Your life is short, and its limit is near!
Now you are together - and the shortest of all, and the most ill-fated!
In an evil time, oh my son, I gave birth to you in the house!
But I will ascend to the snowy Olympus; lightning thrower420
I will tell Zeus everything: perhaps he will reek of prayer.
Now you stay with the swift courts of the Myrmidons,
Feed anger at the Achaeans and completely refrain from battles.
Zeus the Thunderer yesterday to the distant waters of the Ocean 67
The ocean is a river that runs forever in a circle and flows around the earth's disk. Beyond the Ocean lies the other world.
With a host of immortals he went to the Ethiopian feast blameless;425
But on the twelfth day he will return again to Olympus;
And then I will go to the copper-built house of Zeus,
And I will fall at his feet and pray to the king.”The word died and disappeared, leaving a sad son,
In his heart he harbored sorrow for the red-girt maiden,430
By the power of Atrid taken away. Meanwhile, Odysseus the wise
Merry Chris reached the sacred Phoebe with the hecatomb.
With a noise the light ship ran into the deep-bottomed pier,
All the sails were lowered, stacked on a black ship,
The mast was pulled to the nest, hastily lowered on ropes,435
And the ship was rowed together to the shelter.
There they throw cats, knit berths to the shelter,
And with the retinue they themselves go to the shore of the abyss,
And they bring down the calves, a hecatomb to King Apollo,
And after Chryseis he descends to his father’s land.440
Then the noble Odysseus led the virgin to the altar,
He gave it to the old man in his arms and greeted him with a word to the wise:
“Phoebe servant! Atrid Agamemnon sends me
Return your daughter to you, and Phoebus to the king hecatomb
Here to bring for the Danae, let us bow to the mercy of the ruler,445
In anger at the Danaan tribe, who sent grave disasters.”River, and handed Chryseis, and the old man embraced with joy
Dear daughter. Meanwhile the hecatombic glorious sacrifice
The Achaeans stand harmoniously around the magnificent altar,
Hands are washed with water and salt and barley are raised.450
Chris prayed loudly, raising his hands in grief:
“Phoebus silver-bowed, listen to me! O you who bypass the guardian
Chrysa, sacred Killa and reign powerfully in Tenedos!
You graciously heard me before when I prayed
And he glorified me by striking the Achaeans with troubles;455
In the same way now, hear and fulfill the elder’s prayer:
Now turn away the disastrous pestilence from the Achaean peoples.”So he cried out, and silver-bowed Apollo heard him.
,
Having finished the prayer, they sprinkled barley and salt on the victims. 68
Having finished the prayer, they sprinkled barley and salt on the victims.. – Homer describes the order of the sacrifice: barley flour and salt were sprinkled on the heads of the victims.
They raised their necks up, stabbed them, skinned their bodies,460
The thighs were immediately cut off and covered with the trimmed fat.
The two of them circled around and the raw remains were placed on them.
The priest burned them on wood, sprinkling them with crimson wine;
The young men around him held five prongs in their hands.
Having burned the thighs and tasted the wombs of the slain,465
Everything else is crushed into pieces, pierced with pricks,
They fry them carefully and, having prepared everything, remove them.
Having finished this concern, the Achaeans established a feast 69
The feast was established. - According to the Greeks, sacrifice - sharing a meal god and sacrificers.;
Everyone feasted, no one needed the general feast;
And when the hunger was satisfied with food and drink,470
The young men filled their cups to the top with wine,
They carried cups around everyone, starting from the right country.
The Achaeans delighted the whole day with the singing of God;
The Achaean youths sang a loud paean to Apollo,
Glorifying him, the shooter, and he had fun, listening.475
The sun has barely set and darkness has descended on the earth,
The swimmers fell asleep at the pier of the seaworthy vessel.
But as soon as the rose-fingered Dawn appeared, the messenger of the morning,
The Achaeans set off on their way back to the wide camp.
Silver-bowed Apollo sent a wind favorable to them from the place.480
The mast was set up, the white sails were all unfurled;
The middle wind immediately blew up, and the sailing ship
Purple waves rustled terribly around its keel;
It flew quickly along the waves, leaving the reins.
Afterwards, as soon as they reached the Achaean military camp,485
They pulled the black ship onto sloping land
And, high up on the sand, huge logs rolled up 70
And, high up on the sand, huge logs rolled up. “This was done to prevent the bottom of the ship from rotting.”,
They themselves suddenly scattered among their ships and bushes.Meanwhile, he was at enmity, remaining black at the courts,
Zeus's pet, Pelid Achilles, fleet-footed warrior.490
I was no longer in the councils, decorating men with glory,
Was not in any formidable battles; crushing the heart with sorrow,
Idle sat; but his soul was hungry for war and battle.From that time on, twelve mornings were finally completed
And the eternal gods returned to bright Olympus495
Everything is cumulative; preceded by Zeus. Thetis has not forgotten
Son of prayers; emerged early from the foamy sea,
With the early fog she ascended to the great sky, to Olympus;
There, one seated, lightning thrower Zeus
He sees at the very top of the multi-peaked mountain, Olympus;500
He sits close in front of him and, quickly hugging his knees, 71
…quickly hugging your knees. – Touching the knees and chin is a gesture expressing supplication.
With your left hand, and quietly touching your right arm,
This is what he says, begging his father and the lord of the immortals:
“If when I, our father, please you from the immortals
Whether in word or deed, grant me one prayer!505
Son, take revenge on me, O Zeus! He is the shortest of all the Danae;
But Agamemnon, the ruler of men, dishonored him:
He himself stole the award from him and is in control of it.
But take revenge on him, heavenly Provider, Kronion 72
Kronion – “son of Kron”, that is, Zeus.!
Grant victory to the Trojan warriors until the Achaeans510
They will not appear to honor their son and will not exalt his honor.”So she said; but, without answering her, the cloud suppressor
He sat silent for a long time; and she hugged her knees,
She held them like that, crouching, and begged him again:
“Make an immutable vow, and make a sacred mania,515
Or reject it: you don’t know fear; rivers, I'm sure
Am I the most despicable among the immortal goddesses?”The cloud suppressor answered her, sighing deeply:
“It’s a sad thing, you incite hatred towards me
Hera the arrogant: will embitter me with insulting speech;520
Hera and so incessantly, before the host of immortals, with me
He argues and screams that I will fight for the Trojans in battle.
But get away now, so they won’t see you on Olympus
Hera; As for the rest, I will take care of it myself and carry it out:
Look, and you will be confident, I will anoint you with my head.525
Behold, on my behalf for the immortal gods, the greatest
Words are a pledge: that word is irrevocable, forever immutable,
And it can’t happen when I anoint my head.”Rivers, and as a sign Zeus waves his black eyebrows:
Kronid's fragrant hair quickly rose up530
Around the immortal head, and the multi-hill Olympus shook...So they conferred and parted. Fast Thetis
She rushed into the abyss of the sea from the brilliant heights of Olympus;
Zeus returned to the palace, and the gods rose from their thrones
To meet your father; not a single one dared from the immortals535
Sitting to wait for the future, but in the meeting everyone rose.There the Olympian sat on the throne; but the mistress Hera
I learned everything, seeing how I gave advice to him
The Elder of the Abyss's daughter, the silver-legged mother Pelida.
Quickly, with a caustic speech, she turned to Zeus:540
“Which of the immortals with you, treacherous one, built councils?
I know that you are always pleased from me, sincerely
keep secret thoughts; never by your own will
I didn’t dare tell me a word of my secret thoughts!”The ruler, the father of both immortals and mortals, answered her:
545
“Hera, not all of you caress my decisions;
It will be painful for you, even though you are my wife!
What is not forbidden to know, no one will ever know
Before you, neither from the host of earthly nor from the host of heaven.
If alone, without gods, I would like to plan advice,550
You neither ask me nor investigate them yourself.”The long-eyed goddess Hera exclaimed to Zeus again 73
Hair-eyed Hera goddess- that is, Hera with the eyes of a cow. This epithet arose in ancient times, when Hera was revered in the form of a cow. The veneration of gods in the form of animals took place not only in Ancient Egypt, but also among the Greeks long before Homer. For example, Hera's husband Zeus was revered in the form of a bull in Crete, where archaeologists discovered a wall painting depicting ritual athletic games with a bull. It is no coincidence that famous myth Zeus, in order to kidnap Princess Europa and rush off to Crete, takes the form of a bull.:
“Cloud buster! What kind of speeches are you making, cruel one?
I will never ask you or find out anything myself
I didn’t want to for a century; You always calmly plan what you want.555
Even now I tremble about one thing, so that it does not bend you
The Elder of the Abyss's daughter, the silver-legged mother Pelida:
She sat down with you early and hugged your knees;
You waved at her, as I note, wanting Pelida
It is an honor to take revenge and destroy the crowds of Argives before the courts.”560
The cloud suppressor Kronion answered Hera again:
“Wonderful! You notice everything, you’re always watching me!
But you won’t have time to produce anything; more only
You will turn away my heart, and it will be worse for you!
If it happened like this, then without a doubt, that’s what I want!565
Sit silently and obey my verbs!
Or all the deities on Olympus will not help you,
If, when I rebel, I lay my hands on you.”Rec; the hair-eyed goddess Hera was afraid of him
And she sat silently, conquering her heart.570
The heavenly gods sighed vaguely throughout the house of Zeus.
Here is the Olympic artist, Hephaestus 74
Hephaestus is the son of Zeus and Hera, the god of fire, the patron god of blacksmithing and himself skilled blacksmith; The Greeks imagined Hephaestus as powerful, but ugly and lame on both legs., began to talk,
Dear zealous mother, Hera of the lily-ramen:
“Such things will be sad, finally unbearable,
If you fight for mortals with such malice!575
If you create confusion in the host of gods! Will disappear
Joy from the feast of light, if evil triumphs!
Mother, I convince you, although you yourself are wise,
Show obedience to the king Zeus, and be immortal again
Wrath will not burst out and our serene feast will not be disturbed.580
If the father, the Olympian, shining with thunder, delights,
He will overthrow everyone from their thrones: in power he is greater than all!
Mother, trying to touch the mighty with sweet words,
And immediately the Olympian will be merciful to us.”Thus said the brilliant double-bottomed cup, rising 75
Double-bottomed cup - a cup that has a foot with a stand under the bottom, like our glasses.585
He brings it to his dear mother and tells her again:
“Dear mother, endure and bear it, no matter how sad your heart is!
Dragging your son so much, don’t let him see it on you
Zeus strikes; I will be powerless, although I am collapsing,
Help to give: it’s hard for an Olympian to resist Zeus!590
He is already older than me, prompted by my heart to help,
He rushed, grabbed his leg, and threw him down from the sky:
I rushed headlong all day and with the setting of the brilliant sun
Fell on divine Lemnos 76
Lemnos (Lemnos) is an island in the Aegean Sea, where, according to myths, the forge of Hephaestus was located (see also Ipsipyla)., barely holding his breath.
There the Sintian men received me in a friendly manner.”595
Rec; smiled the goddess, lily-ramen Hera,
And with a smile from her son, she accepted the brilliant cup.
He and other celestials, starting from the right country,
He offers sweet nectar, scooping it out of a bowl with a goblet.
The blessed inhabitants of heaven raised an unspeakable laughter,600
Seeing Hephaestus fussing around the palace with the cup.So all day long until the sun sets, the blessed gods
Everyone feasted, delighting hearts at the common feast
With the sounds of the beautiful lyre rattling in the hands of Apollo,
Singing Muses 77
Muse is the goddess of singing, music, dancing, poetry. The traditional number of Muses is nine; they live on Mount Parnassus (a wooded mountain in Arcadia, where Odysseus was wounded by a boar. According to more later myths, the Muses lived on Parnassus, so even in ancient times Parnassus became a symbol of poetry), and each Muse is the patroness of a certain type of art. The Muses' father is Zeus, her mother is Mnemosyne, the goddess of memory. Homer most often speaks of one Muse who knows everything and from whom the singer inspired by her learns everything.Responding to the jingling with a sweet voice.
605
But when the brilliant light of the sun set,
The gods, wishing to rest, each retreated to the monastery,
Where is the home of every celestial being on hilly Olympus?
The wise Hephaestus created the lame-footed one according to creative plans.
Zeus went to his bed, the Olympian splendor,610
Where he always slept, like a sweet dream visited him;
There he, having ascended, rested, and with him the golden-throned Hera.
Translator's Preface
Towards an understanding of the events described in the Iliad and Odyssey
SONG ONE
Mor. Anger
SONG TWO
Dream. Trial. Boeotia, or list of ships
SONG THREE
Vows. View of the Achaean army from the wall. Combat of Paris and
SONG FOUR
Breaking oaths. Agamemnon's detour
SONG FIFTH
Labors of Diomedes
SONG SIX
Hector's meeting with Andromache
SONG SEVEN
Single combat between Hector and Ajax. Burial of the dead
SONG EIGHTH
Interrupted Battle
SONG NINE
Embassy to Achilles. Requests
CANTO TEN
SONG ELEVEN
The Labors of Agamemnon
SONG TWELVE
Fight at the wall
SONG THIRTEEN
Fight near the ships
SONG FOURTEEN
Deceived Zeus
SONG FIFTEEN
Backpressure from ships
SONG SIXTEEN
Patroclia
SONG SEVENTEEN
The exploits of Menelaus
SONG EIGHTEEN
Making weapons
SONG NINETEENTH
Renunciation of anger
SONG TWENTY
Battle of the Gods
SONG TWENTY-ONE
Battle of the River
SONG TWENTY SECOND
Murder of Hector
SONG TWENTY-THREE
Games in honor of Patroclus
CANTO TWENTY-FOUR
Hector's ransom
Notes
FOREWORD BY THE TRANSLATOR
We have two complete translations of the Iliad, still read today. One
ancient (tenths-twenties of the last century) - Gnedich, another more
new (end of the last - beginning of our century) - Minsky.
Gnedich's translation is one of the best translations in world literature
"Iliad". It vividly conveys the courageous and cheerful spirit of the original,
full of that internal movement, pathos and energy that the poem breathes. But
the translation has a number of shortcomings that make it difficult to accept
modern reader.
The main drawback is the archaic translation language. For example:
He is like a destroyer lion who finds the horned youths,
Of which, with extensive connections, they graze in a wet meadow
Thousands; a shepherd with them; but he’s young, he doesn’t know how yet
Fight with the beast in order to protect the steep-horned crab...
The translation is oversaturated with Church Slavonic words and expressions,
replete with such words as “daughter”, “rek”, “broadcast”, “zane”, “paki”, “tuk”,
up to such words, completely incomprehensible to the modern reader, as
“skimen” (young lion), “sulitsa” (spear), “glezna” (shin), etc.
syllable. Instead of "horse" he writes "horse", instead of "dog" - "dog", instead of
“lips” - “mouth”, instead of “forehead” - “brow”, etc. He doesn’t count at all
it is possible to convey quite rude expressions intact
Homer. Achilles scolds Agamemnon: “drunkard, you brute of a dog!” Gnedich
translates: "wine drinker, dog-like man!" Elena repentantly calls herself
before Hector "bitch", "shameless dog". Gnedich bashfully translates,”
"me, unworthy."
Minsky's translation is written in modern Russian, but is extremely gray
and does not convey the spirit of the original at all. Minsky more or less succeeds
still purely descriptive passages, but where Homer has fiery pathos or soft
lyrics, where Minsky is listless and prosaic.
When a new translator takes on the task of translating a classic literary work
works, then his first concern and main concern is how not
to be in some way similar to one of the previous translators.
Some expression, some verse or couplet, let's even say -
the whole stanza was conveyed by his predecessor as best and most accurately as possible. All
equals! Property is sacred. And the translator gives his own translation,
translators are crossed out, and everyone starts all over again.
This attitude towards the matter seems to me to be fundamentally wrong. home
a goal that justifies everything and covers everything - the most accurate and maximum
literary translation of the original. If we allow the collective
cooperation, so to speak, in space, why don’t we allow this
same collective cooperation and in time, between the entire chain of the following
translators one after another?
The new translator must take everything good, everything successful
from previous translations, of course, with one condition: without transferring them mechanically
into your translation, and organically processing it into your own style,
more precisely, in the style of the original, as the translator perceives it.
To ignore Gnedich's achievements when translating the Iliad means
refuse in advance a translation that is more or less worthy of the original.
I base my translation on Gnedich’s translation wherever it is successful,
wherever it can be stored. The Iliad, for example, ends with Gnedich
with this verse:
This is how they buried the body of the horseman Hector.
Couldn't have said it better. Why, like Minsky, strain efforts to say
at least worse, but differently, and give this ending:
This is how Hector, the horse trainer, was buried by the Trojans.
I revised many of Gnedich’s poems based on his translation. For example:
For a long time, until Apollo held the aegis motionless,
Arrows flew between the armies and howls fell;
But as soon as he looked up at the Argives in the face, he
He shook and exclaimed loudly and menacingly, embarrassed
The souls are in their breasts, the Argives have forgotten their seething courage.
New translation:
For a long time, while Apollo held the aegis motionless,
Clouds of spears and arrows flew, striking the people.
But only, looking into the faces of the Danaans, he shook his aegis,
Menacingly and shouting himself at this time - in the chests of the Achaeans
The spirit weakened, and they forgot about their seething courage.
The vast majority of poems, however, were written anew - in such a way
Song one
Ulcer. Anger
Terrible, who caused thousands of disasters to the Achaeans:
Many mighty souls of glorious heroes cast down
5
From that day on, those who raised a dispute were inflamed with enmity
Who from the immortal gods moved them to a hostile dispute?
10
He brought an evil plague upon the army; nations perished
The old man, he came to the fast-flying Achaean ships
To redeem the captive daughter and, bringing countless ransoms
15
More than the mighty Atrides, builders of the Achaean army:
“The children of Atreus and the magnificent-legged men of the Achaeans!
20
You will free my dear daughter and accept the ransom,
Honoring the son of Zeus, striking Phoebus far away.”
The priest is honored and accepts a brilliant ransom;
25
Proudly he sent the priest away and gave him a terrible word:
“Elder, may I never see you before the courts!
Or neither the scepter nor the crown of Apollo will deliver you.
I will not give the virgin freedom; she will decay in captivity,
30
Bypassing the weaving mill or sharing the bed with me.
Get away and don’t anger me, may you return healthy!”
Rec he; and the old man trembles and, obeying the king’s word,
He walks, silent, along the shore of the silently humming abyss.
35
There, having retired from the courts, the sad old man prayed
To Phoebus the king, the mighty son of Lethe's fair hair:
“God of silver bows, hearken to me: O thou who guardest, dost bypass
40
If when I burned my fat thighs before you
Goats and calves - hear and fulfill one wish for me:
So he cried out, praying; and silver-bowed Apollo listened:
He rushed quickly from the heights of Olympus, bursting with anger,
45
Carrying a bow over his shoulders and a quiver, closed from everywhere;
Loudly winged arrows, beating behind the shoulders, sounded
In the procession of the angry god: he walked, like the night.
Finally sitting down in front of the courts, the feathered swift mosque;
The silver bow of the Arrowman made a startling sound.
50
Afterwards it struck the people with deadly arrows;
For nine days God's arrows flew at the army;
On the tenth day, Pelis called the Achaeans to a meeting.
55
She was tormented by grief, seeing the Achaeans perishing.
The people quickly gathered, and when they gathered together,
Fleet-footed Achilles was the first to rise up in the assembly and say:
“We must, Atrid, as I see, having swam the sea back,
60
We will return to our homes only when we are saved from death.
Suddenly both war and a disastrous pestilence exterminates the Achaeans.
But let us test, Atrid, and ask the priest, or the prophet,
Or a dream fortuneteller (and there are dreams from Zeus):
Let them tell us why Apollo the celestial is irritated?
65
Does God demand that the Achaeans be saved from a destructive ulcer?”
Having said this, Achilles sat down; and instantly from the host
70
Wise, he knew everything that had passed, what was and what would happen,
And the Achaeans led ships across the seas to Ilion
The gift of foresight, inspired from above by Phoebus.
He, full of good thoughts, spoke and told them:
“King Achilles! you commanded to announce, beloved of Zeus,
75
The righteous wrath of Apollo, the far-smiting god?
I will proclaim; but you also agree, swear to me that it’s true
You yourself are ready to protect me with words and hands.
I'm afraid I'll anger my husband, who is supreme
King of the Argives and to whom all the Achaeans are submissive.
80
The king is too powerful, angry with his subordinate husband:
At first, although he pacifies the outbreak of anger,
But the hidden malice, until it is fulfilled,
Keeps it in the heart. Judge and answer, are you my protector?”
Quickly answering him, noble Achilles said:
85
“Believe and dare to build us an oracle, whatever it may be!
I swear by Phoebus, the favorite of Zeus, to whom, Calchas,
You pray, revealing to the Danai the broadcasts of God:
No, no one is before the courts, as long as I live and see
I swear, no one will raise their hands against you, I swear
90
In the camp of the Achaeans; at least you named Atrid himself,
He who is now proud of the supreme power in the Achaean army.”
Rec he; and he dared in his heart, and the blameless prophet spoke to them:
“No, not for the due vow, not for the hundred-year sacrifice
Phoebus, but for Chryses the priest: Agamemnon dishonored him,
95
He did not give him his daughter and refused the prayer and ransom.
Phoebus punished him for him and will punish him again with troubles,
And from the destructive ulcer the smiting hand will not restrain
Before, until they are released to their father, without payment, free
His daughter is black-eyed and will not imagine Christ as a saint.
100
Victims of the Hundreds; then only we are at God's mercy
let us bow.”
Having finished the word, Thestoridas sat down; and rose up from the host
Powerful hero, spatially powerful king Agamemnon,
We worry with anger; terrible in the chest of his dark heart
Filled with anger; his eyes lit up like a flame.
105
Agamemnon spoke to Calchas first, looking fiercely:
“Bad harbinger, you never said anything nice to me!
It’s joyful, it’s true, for you to only prophesy troubles to people;
You have neither spoken a kind word to us nor fulfilled it.
Behold, and now you preach God to us like a verb,
110
As if long-ranged Phoebus is causing trouble for the people,
Taking revenge on those brilliant gifts for the freedom to accept the Chryseids
I did not want; but in my heart I wanted the black-eyed maiden
taken as a wife by a virgin; her Chryseis is no worse
115
The beauty of the view, the pleasantness of one’s mind, and one’s deeds!
But I agree, I return it if it is useful:
I would rather see salvation than the death of the people.
You will replace my reward this day, but in the Argive camp
I won’t be left alone without a reward: it would be shameful;
120
You see everything - the reward is leaving me.”
Peleion, fleet-footed Achilles, answered him first:
“Proud of glory, Atrid, infinitely selfish!
Where can you find a reward for the good-natured Achaeans?
We do not have common treasures stored anywhere:
125
What we got from the devastated cities, we divided everything;
Again, what was given, to take away from the people is shameful!
It’s better to return yours, to please God. But after
We Argives will pay you three and four times,
130
Turning quickly to him, the mighty Agamemnon spoke:
“No matter how valiant you are, Achilles, like immortals,
Don’t be clever: you won’t be able to deceive me or persuade me.
Do you want yourself to have the reward, but for me, deprived,
Did you sit silently? and you advise me to give the girl away?..
135
Let the Achaeans please me with a new bribe,
So much pleasant to the heart, equal in dignity to the first.
If they refuse, I will appear myself and tear you out of the bush.
Or yours, or Ajax’s bribe, or Odysseus’ bribe;
I myself will be cast out, and woe to him before whom I appear!
140
But we can still talk about this later.
Now we will lower the black ship onto the sacred sea,
We will elect strong oarsmen, we will put a hecatomb on the ship
And we will bring together Chryseis, the ruddy maiden.
In it may a man from the Achaean council sit as ruler,
145
Or you yourself, Peleion, are the most terrible of the men in the militia!
Come to us and appease Apollo with a sacred sacrifice!”
Looking at him menacingly, fleet-footed Achilles answered:
“A king, clothed with shamelessness, a treacherous soul-lover!
150
Which Achaean will want to listen to your commands?
Who will either make a campaign, or fight bravely with the hostile?
Their husband never stole my horses or my calves;
155
Niv never trampled; the limitless divide us
Forest-covered mountains and noisy sea waves.
No, we came for you, we make you happy, at the Trojans
160
You, shameless one, consider everything to be nothing and despise everything,
You threaten me too, that you will steal my reward,
Painful feats of reward, the most precious gift to me from the Achaeans?..
But with you I never have an equal reward,
165
No, despite the heaviest burden of painful warfare
My hands always raise when division comes,
The richest gift to you, and I with a small, pleasant
I return to the camp without grumbling when I am tired of fighting.
Now I’m going to Phthia: it’s incomparably more pleasant for me
170
Return to the house on fast ships; disgraced by you
The ruler of men, Agamemnon, quickly exclaimed to him:
“Well, run if you want to escape! I'm not asking you
175
They will honor me, and especially Zeus the Provider.
You are the most hated to me among the kings, the pets of Zeus!
Only you enjoy enmity, discord, and battles.
You are famous for your bravery; but she is a gift from God.
Returning to the house, run with the ships and with your squad;
180
Rule your Thessalians! I don't care about you;
I count your anger as nothing; but on the contrary, I threaten you like this:
The god Apollo demands that I return Chryseis;
I will return - both in my ship and with my squad
I will send the maiden; but to you I will come, and from your booth to Briseis
185
I myself will carry away your reward, so that you understand clearly,
How much power I have above you, and so that everyone fears
He said, and Pelidu felt bitter: a mighty heart
In the hairy chest of the hero, thoughts were agitated between the two:
190
Or, immediately tearing out the sharp sword from the vagina,
Scatter those he meets and kill the lord Atrid;
Or subdue the ferocity, curbing the distressed soul.
In a moment, as such thoughts excite the mind and soul,
As he drew his terrible sword from its scabbard, Athena appeared,
195
Having flown from the sky; the golden-throned Hera sent it down,
Loving and protecting both battle-bearers with my heart; Athena,
Standing behind the ridge, she grabbed Pelida’s light brown curls,
Only revealed to him, invisible to others in the host.
He was horrified and, turning back, knew undoubtedly
200
Daughter of the Thunderer: her eyes burned with a terrible fire.
Turning his face to her, he directed winged speeches:
Or did you want to see King Agamemnon go wild?
But I speak to you, and what has been spoken will soon come to pass:
205
Soon this mortal will destroy his soul with his pride!”
The bright-eyed daughter of Egiokh spoke to the son of Peleus:
“I will tame your stormy anger when you are subdued by the immortals,
Came down from heaven; the golden-throned Hera sent me down;
She loves you both equally and saves you.
210
End the discord, Peleion, and, contenting the angry heart,
Use evil words to sting, but do not touch the sword with your hand.
I predict, and it will soon be fulfilled:
Soon you will receive three times the famous gifts
215
Fleet-footed Achilles spoke to her again:
“It is necessary, O daughter of Zeus, to observe your commands.
No matter how fiery my anger is, submission will be more useful:
Whoever is submissive to the immortals, the immortals also listen to him.”
River, and squeezed his mighty hand on the silver handle
220
And he lowered his huge sword into its scabbard, submitting
To the word of Pallas; The daughter of Zeus ascended to Olympus,
To the house of Father Egiokh, the celestials to the bright host.
But Pelid the fleet-footed again with harsh words
He spoke to the son of Atreus and did not at all curb his anger:
225
You will never stand openly in front of the army in battle,
Nor go into an ambush with the bravest men of the army
I did not dare with your heart: for you it seems like death.
Better and easier a hundred times over the wide camp of the Achaeans
230
Rob gifts from someone who dares to contradict you.
Tsar devourer of people! You are a king above the despised, -
Or, Atrid, you would have caused the last offense in your life!
But I tell you and I swear with a great oath,
235
Will not emit again, once leaving its root on the hills,
It will not vegetate again - the sophisticated copper exposed on it
Leaves and bark - and now which Achaean men
Carried in the hands of the judge, the guards of the statutes of Zeus, -
This scepter will be a great oath to you before the Achaeans:
240
The time will come, as the sons of the Danae will wish Pelida
Everything to the last; you, even if you crash, will be powerless to them
They will be thrown into the dust; and you are tormented by your soul, madly
I blame myself for having so dishonored the bravest Achaean.”
245
So he said, and he quickly threw the scepter to the ground,
Shining with golden nails all around, he sat down between the kings.
The sweet-tongued one rose up, the loud-voiced champion of Pylos:
Speeches from his prophetic lips, sweeter than honey, flowed.
250
Two generations of people already contemporary with him
Those who once grew up and lived with him disappeared
He, full of good thoughts, advises them and broadcasts:
“Gods! great sorrow is coming to the Achaean land!
255
ABOUT! Priam and Priam’s proud children will rejoice,
All the inhabitants of Troy will admire the spirit immensely,
If they hear that you are creating bitter strife,
You, among the Danae, are the first in hosts and the first in battles!
But submit, you mighty ones! both of you are younger than me,
260
I have already seen your most famous battle-bearers from ancient times;
I entered into conversations with them, and they did not disdain me.
265
Behold, mighty men, glory to the sons of the earth!
They were mighty, they entered into battle with the mighty,
However, I was also in friendship with them, leaving Pylos,
270
There I labored according to my strength; but fight with them
Who would dare to dare the people living on earth now?
But they also accepted my advice and listened to my speeches.
Be obedient too: listening to advice is useful.
275
You, Agamemnon, no matter how powerful you are, do not deprive Achilles
Virgos: the Achaeans gave it to him as a reward.
You, Achilles, refrain from proudly arguing with the king:
To this day no one has ever achieved such an honor.
The scepter-bearing king, whom Zeus exalted with glory.
280
Humble your heart, Agamemnon: I, old man, beg you,
Set aside your anger for Pelida the hero, who is the strongest
A stronghold for all of us, Achaeans, in the destructive battle of the Trojans.”
285
The ruler of men, Agamemnon, quickly answered him:
“You speak so justly and wisely, O elder;
He wants to rule over everyone, dominate everyone in the army,
Wants to tell everyone; but it is not I who intend to submit.
290
Or that the immortal gods made him brave,
So they allow him to say insults to my face?”
Interrupting him angrily, noble Achilles answered:
“Everyone would rightly call me timid and insignificant,
If only I, the silent one, would please you in everything you say.
295
Demand this from others, pompous of power; me
Don't give me orders: I don't intend to listen to you anymore!
I will say another word, and keep it in your heart:
Never go into battle with a weapon in your hands for a captive maiden
I will not enter into this, neither with you nor with anyone; take back what you gave!
300
As for the selfish interests of others, stored in my black ship,
You will not steal anything from them against my will!
Or, come and taste it, let others see it too:
Black blood from you will flow around my spear!”
So the governors fought each other cruelly with words,
305
King Achilles to his fast-flying Myrmidon ships
King Agamemnon lowered a light ship into the abyss,
He chose twenty oarsmen, placed a hecatomb on it,
310
A gift to Apollo, and Chryseis himself, a beautiful maiden,
He boarded the ship: the wise Odysseus became the ruler;
They quickly flew along the damp paths.
Then Atrid sometimes ordered the Achaeans to cleanse themselves:
They cleaned themselves and threw the unclean things into the sea.
315
Afterwards, having chosen the hecatombs made by Phoebus to the king,
Goats and calves were burned on the shore of the barren sea;
The stench of Tukov rose to the skies with billowing smoke.
Thus the Argives labored in the camp; but King Agamemnon
He has not yet subdued his anger and has not forgotten his threats to Achilles:
320
The wrathful one commanded the faithful minions and messengers:
“Proceed, faithful messengers, into the shadow of Achilles Pelides;
Taking Briseis by the hands, immediately imagine Briseis in front of me:
If he doesn’t give it up, come back and I’ll take it out myself:
325
I will come to him with strength, and the disobedient will have more sorrow.”
So he spoke and sent, commanding a terrible word.
The men walked reluctantly along the shore of the noisy abyss;
And, approaching the tabernacles and swift ships of the myrmidons,
There they find him, sitting before his tent
330
In the Duma; Pelid saw no joy when he saw those who came.
They were both embarrassed and in respectful fear of the lord
They began to neither tell him nor dare to ask him questions.
The noble Pelid penetrated his heart and spoke to them:
335
Come closer; You are not guilty of anything, but King Agamemnon!
He sent you for my reward, for young Briseis.
Let them kidnap; but they themselves will be witnesses
And before the host of gods, and before the tribe of all men,
340
And before this frantic king, if there is no time again
The need will come for me to save me from the most shameful death
The rest of the army... is truly raging, having destroyed his mind;
He does not know how to connect the present with the future, he does not see,
How to ensure the salvation of the Achaean army during the trials!”
345
River, and the son of Menetius submitted to his kind friend.
He led a beautiful-haired maiden out of the hallway by the hand,
Gave it to the ambassadors; and they retire to the shadows of the Achaeans;
The sad maiden leaves with them. Then, having shed a tear,
Achilles abandoned his friends, and is far from everyone, lonely,
350
He sat down by the gray-haired abyss, and, looking at the dark-water pont,
He stretched out his hands in tears, begging his dear mother:
“Mother! When you brought me into the world short-lived,
Shouldn't the thunderous one have awarded me the glory?
Zeus Egiokh? But he didn’t do me any honor!
355
The king, proud of his power, Agamemnon, dishonored me:
He stole the reward of the heroic deeds and rules over it!”
So he cried out in tears; and his mother heard the cry,
She quickly emerged from the foamy sea, like a light cloud,
360
She sat down next to her dear son, streaming bitter tears;
She gently caressed her with her hand, called him and said this:
“Why are you crying, O my son? What sadness visited
Your heart? don’t hide, tell us, we both know.”
