Monument to Krylov on the Patriarch's Ponds history. The Russian rulers were unhappy with him
A pond is a small reservoir that was built in a river valley or ravine. Creating a pond is done by creating a dam or digging a basin. The pond is fed by underground and surface waters. There are also artificial and decorative ponds. Ponds are created to breed fish, waterfowl, for sports and recreational purposes, water storage, land irrigation and simply for beauty.
A pond is a limited body of water in which water-loving representatives of fauna and flora live. The presence of specific animals and plants is the main distinctive feature pond from the pool. Several types of ponds can be used to landscape a site.
There are also natural ponds, which are most often formed from a lake. The central basin of such a lake gradually becomes overgrown. Such a pond is an intermediate stage between a lake and a swamp. Once a swamp is formed, it will eventually turn into a meadow. But if a person wants, he can “save” a natural pond and make its life longer, for use for his own purposes.
Natural ponds are, in fact, natural bodies of water. Characterized by smooth outlines and practically free form. The perimeter is planted with marsh flora. The descent to such a reservoir is lined with cobblestones or pebbles and is made smooth and gentle. It is advisable to place ponds of this type somewhere along the edge of the lawn or in the depths of the site.
Unlike natural ponds, artificial ones are also notable for the fact that their regime is completely controlled by humans. In such a pond we can control the Ph (hydrogen value) of the water. Many artificial ponds are drained for the winter, which is not entirely correct. Since changing the water disrupts the biobalance formed in an artificial reservoir over the course of a year, beneficial bacteria die.
Decorative ponds
Decorative ponds are quite shallow, so they warm up sun rays good and very even. And this contributes to the fact that vegetation develops well in them. Good growth vegetation favors the development and reproduction of the animal world of the pond. The fauna of the pond is especially developed in its coastal zone. The population density of living creatures living in ponds is very high, which contributes to the production organic matter and there are 3-4 times more of them here than in reservoirs and lakes.
There are also concrete ponds, but the technology for their construction—the production of formwork and pouring concrete—is quite labor-intensive and expensive compared to film ponds. In addition, it is more difficult for fish to reproduce in a concrete pond, because in order to spawn they need secluded, shaded places between the stones. Concrete ponds have ceased to be in demand after the advent of new technologies in the construction of artificial reservoirs, which have reduced the cost
The geometric type of pond is characterized by a regular shape that corresponds to a certain geometric figure: oval, trapezoid, rectangle or rhombus. The perimeter of such ponds is edged with artificial or natural flagstone. From a design point of view, it is advisable to form ponds of this type near sites or buildings. This once again emphasizes their geometric elegance.
Raised ponds are nothing but a type of geometric ponds. However, they have a number of advantages. Since the type of pond in question is located above the soil at a certain height, there is no need to dig a deep pit.
The minimum dimensions of a pond in the Moscow region must be within the following limits: water surface area of at least 4 - 8 square meters at a depth of at least half a meter. With smaller pond dimensions, the water will bloom and acquire a specific green color due to the active proliferation of algae. If you still want a smaller pond, make sure you have a good water purification system. The best filters are ones that include ultraviolet lamps.
An important factor in the fight against water blooming are floating plants such as egg capsules and water lilies. With their wide leaves they cover the surface of the pond and prevent the water from overheating. Plants with oxygenative properties (the ability to saturate water with oxygen) are welcome guests in any pond. If the pond does bloom, carefully and carefully use algaecides in early spring. These drugs selectively destroy the most resistant types of unicellular algae. However, be careful: algaecides are not harmless both to the inhabitants of the pond and to our health.
There are holidays and long weekends ahead, which everyone can devote to their favorite pastime. If your hobby is fishing, be sure to take the time to visit one of these “fishing” places.
You can get there from the Myakinino metro station. The best fish here are bream, pike and perch. Winter is the best time to fish here. Well, in the summer you will have to come early, before the swimmers have time to scare away all the fish.
You can get there by train from Savelovsky station or by car along Dmitrovskoye Highway. Favorite place fishermen, as there is a really rich catch here. Ruffs, perches, pikes and even pike perch are caught on the hook. From the end of June to the end of August there are bream and white bream.
We go here from the Polezhaevskaya metro station, then by trolleybuses No. 20, 21 and 65 to final stop. There are a lot of bites, but you need to arrive as early as possible so that vacationers don’t have time to scare the fish.
Get there from the Shchukinskaya metro station. Perches bite well, but they don’t bite every time.
You can get to it from the Vodny Stadion or Rechnoy Vokzal metro stations. Fishermen share their experiences: here you can catch perch, goby, crucian carp, pike and even catfish. In some places the asp is biting.
You can get there by train from Yaroslavsky station to Mytishchi, then by bus to Pirogov. Bream, pike perch, roach, pike, perch, ruff, and burbot live here.
We go here by train from Yaroslavsky station to Pravda station, then change to a bus to the village of Tishkovo. The reservoir contains bream, perch, crucian carp, roach, ruffe, pike perch, pike, ide, burbot, tench, and catfish.
The quarry is located in the Moscow region, Noginsk district, Aborino village. In 1979, there were sand developments at the site of the quarry, which led to its creation. In the same year, during development, the remains of a mammoth, part of a tusk and two teeth were found. After development, the quarry was filled with water from the nearby Klyazma River. Which led to its stocking. Mostly bream, roach and perch were caught.
The lake is located 1.5 km from the Kupavna station in the Gorky direction railway. Depths do not exceed 5 m. At the bottom of the lake lies a thick layer of silt, in which there are many large bloodworms. The banks on the southern and eastern sides are flat, sandy, and in places overgrown with bushes. The main species are carp, crucian carp, roach, and perch.
The width of the reservoir is 2-5 km, length is about 120 km. The reservoir is held in place by a 9-kilometer dam up to 14 meters high. The predominant fish species are bream, roach, pike, pike perch, perch, catfish and tench. Much less common are asp, burbot, dace, chub, saberfish, crucian carp, carp, podust, silver bream, blue bream, rudd, etc.
Located near the village of Kosino behind the Moscow Ring Road, about 3 km from the Vykhino metro station. In spring and summer, when fishing with float rods for bloodworms, worms, dough, porridge, and potatoes, perch, roach, bream, ruffe, carp, crucian carp, and bream are pecked in these lakes. In the fall, perch fish for live bait. In winter, perch, roach, and ruff are used with a jig and when trolling vertically.
About 30 species of fish that previously lived in the Moscow River and were introduced later live here. The main ones include bream, pike perch, pike, roach, silver bream, perch, eel, ruffe, asp, tench, burbot, carp and peled have been introduced, which, however, have taken root poorly, unlike eel and pike perch, which were not previously found here.
There are two Bear lakes - large and small, located 2.5 kilometers to the right of the Shchelkovskoe highway, immediately after the turn to Sokolovo. In winter there is good perch fishing in the first and the last ice. In spring and summer, crucian carp, carp, and tench are caught with float rods; in spring and autumn, pike is caught with mugs.
From Savelovsky station to Trudovaya station, then by ferry across the Moscow Canal to the village of Rozhdestveno and then to the right. The reservoir is inhabited by ruffe, silver bream, crucian carp, carp, bream, tench, perch, roach, pike perch, ide, burbot, pike, gudgeon, and catfish.
The lake is located in the Noginsk region, one kilometer north of the village. Gorki. IN large quantities There are carp on the lake. There are also carp, bream, crucian carp, pike, roach, silver carp and carp, perch, a lot of very large pike and its favorite delicacy, verkhovka and bleak. In 2009, stocking of catfish and trout was carried out.
The nature of the Moscow region was transformed by several generations. Each of them adapted to the changes and continued to “fix” it in their own way. Such human activity did not remain without consequences. Today this can be observed in changed forests, in drying up rivers and springs, in frequent droughts and cold snaps.
Fauna
The rivers and lakes of the Moscow region were very rich in fish in the recent past. They contained sterlet, white fish, and sturgeon. But factories and factories polluted water bodies and poisoned fish. As a result of the unwise use of rivers, the region's fish stocks have been depleted.
IN Lately measures were taken to help replenish fish stocks - cleaning rivers, banning fishing with nets, and seriously combating poachers. Millions of fry of carp, pike perch and other fish species have been released into the rivers and lakes of the Moscow region.
This work gave positive results. Today, about fifty species of fish are found in the reservoirs of the region. These are tench, crucian carp, roach, pike, chub, pike perch, ide, carp, gudgeon and others. In addition, they began to breed mirror carp and trout.
Rest
In the summer, recreation camps for children are created on the banks of reservoirs, and kindergartens and nurseries are brought here.
State of the rivers
The most vulnerable are the small rivers of the Moscow region. They are the first to react to thoughtless economic activity people - for plowing, deforestation, irrigation, drainage. They have more low ability to self-cleaning, they become dirty more often and faster.
Currently there are 4312 rivers in the region. All of them (except the Moscow River) are small. Just a century and a half ago there were 25% more rivers, and judging by historical materials, there were twice as many springs as there are today. Dense broad-leaved oak forests, in which linden and elm, maple and ash grew, having a developed root system, retained rain moisture. It went deep into the soil, rather than running down its surface. This ensured river flooding and prevented spring floods.
Moscow River
This is the real pride of the capital. Its length is 502 km. It originates in a swamp, which is surrounded by hills, 500 m from the village of Starkov (Mozhaisk district). The mouth of the river is located near Kolomna.
The river flows through very picturesque places. They are especially beautiful in the area of Mozhaisk and Zvenigorod. Steep banks with centuries-old pine and birch trees create a unique landscape. These places are often called “Switzerland near Moscow.”
362 small rivers and more than five hundred streams flow into this river. It feeds on melted snow (61%), rain (12%) and groundwater (27%) water. At the beginning of April the river opens up. The water rises by 2 m in the upper reaches, in the lower reaches - up to 8 m. Ice drift is short-lived - no more than 5 days.
Large left tributaries are the Istra, Ruza, Pekhorka, and the right ones are Koloch and Parkha. Almost in the very center of the city, the river receives a left tributary - the Yauza.
The Moscow River plays a big role in the city's water supply. At the very beginning of the 20th century, a dam with filters was built in Rublev, which purifies the water. A water protection zone has been created here.
Today, reservoirs that were created in the Moscow River basin (Mozhaiskoye and Istrinskoye) play a huge role in the capital’s water supply. Several new complexes are currently being developed.
Lakes of the Moscow region
There are many lakes in the Moscow region. Most of them are located in the northern and western regions of the region. To date, 350 lakes have been registered. Some lakes in the Moscow region are of glacial origin. They are mainly located on the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya Upland (Nerskoye, Trostenskoye, Dolgoye, Krugloye, etc.). More extensive, but not as much deep lakes are located in swamps (Svyatoe, Chernoe, Dubovoe, Karasevo, Velikoye).
Today, many agricultural enterprises in the Moscow region are actively developing. Waterfowl and fish are bred here. There are such pond farms in Tsaritsyn and Zagorsk (Ptitsegrad). These reservoirs are a favorite vacation spot - in the summer you can go boating or fishing here. Water from ponds is used to irrigate gardens and vegetable gardens, and the sludge at the bottom is a good fertilizer.
Lakes of the Noginsk region
In the east of the region, there is a whole network of reservoirs. These lakes of the Moscow region are contemporaries ice age. They are surrounded by forests with a lot of mushrooms and berries. There are a lot of fish preserved in the lakes, and waterfowl live along the shores. Occasionally a hunter or fisherman appears here who loves peace and quiet.
The lakes of this group belong to two basins - and Sherny. These are Beloe, Vyunovo, Borovoe, Svetloe. The Dubna basin includes the following lakes in the Moscow region: Seroe, Tonitskoye, Chernoe, Mochino and Teploe. Peat is mined in some of them.
Lakes of the Moscow region: Ramensky district
There are many bodies of water in this area natural origin. One of them is Lake Borisoglebskoye, located on the territory of the city of Ramenskoye. The first information about him dates back to the time of the oprichnina of the powerful Ivan the Terrible. The name of this reservoir is associated with the names of the first Russian saints - princes Gleb and Boris, killed by order of Svyatopolk.
Senezhskoye Lake
It is located near the city of Solnechnogorsk. Considered the most big lake Moscow region. This is the most beautiful corner of nature. It has long been a favorite among Muscovite fishermen. Its picturesque green banks caress the eye. The lake is surrounded by dense groves, where you can find bright lawns covered with flowers. In spring and autumn, migratory waterfowl stop to rest on the shores of the lake.
Lake Glubokoe
In the Ruza region, among swampy forests, 20 km north of Tuchkovo station, there is a small area of about 55 hectares. It is located in a basin. In the eastern part its depth reaches 38 m.
Not all lakes in the Moscow region are distinguished by such depth, so its name is fully justified.
Blue clay and large boulders were found at its bottom. This indicates the glacial origin of the reservoir. The banks are overgrown with reeds and various shrubs. A small river, Malaya Istra, flows out of the lake.
Glubokoe is famous for its large quantity of fish, so fishermen from all over the region come here. The hydrobiological station of Moscow State University is located here. She is studying the lakes of the Moscow region for their further colonization with various fish.
City of Ozyory
It is located on the banks of the Oka, 155 km from the capital; The city of Ozera is washed by the Oka from the south. The remaining sides are covered mixed forests. Often found here pine forests, birch groves.
The city was named after the first settlement - the village of Ozerki - and a natural reservoir - Lake Nizhneye. In general, there were about 50 such reservoirs in the Oka floodplain.
And the Moscow region is a great gift of nature, which we must protect so that future generations can admire its beauty.
“Having his tail raised like a sword, Behemoth delivers the speech from the throne,
And Bronnaya bowed against the wall under the heel of Satan” (Vadim Egorov)
Once upon a time, this place was the location of the Goat Swamp (from which the Bolshoi and Maly Kozikhinsky lanes got their name). According to one version, this swamp was called the Goat Swamp from the nearby Goat Yard, from which wool was sent to the royal and patriarchal courts. The Chertory stream flowed from the Goat Swamp.
IN early XVII century, Patriarch Hermogenes chose this place for his residence and the Patriarchal Sloboda appeared on the site of the swamp. In 1683-1684, Patriarch Joachim ordered the digging of three ponds to drain the swamps and breed fish for the patriarchal table. Such ponds - fish cages - were dug in different parts cities.
In Presnya, in the Presnensky ponds, expensive varieties of fish were bred, and in the Goat Swamp, cheaper varieties were bred for daily use. With the decline of the Patriarchal Settlement, associated with the abolition of the patriarchate, the ponds were abandoned and the area became swampy again. And only in the first half of the 19th century they were buried, leaving a single decorative pond, and a park was laid out around it.
In 1976 at Patriarch's Ponds A monument to Ivan Andreevich Krylov by sculptors A. A. Drevin and D. Yu. Mitlyansky was erected. The fabulist sits surrounded by the animated heroes of his works.
In 1945, a residential building for senior military leaders of the USSR was built on Ermolaevsky Lane according to the design of architects M. M. Dzisko and N. I. Gaigarov (workshop of I. V. Zholtovsky), currently known as the “House with Lions”.
As we remember, at this very place Berlioz’s head was cut off by a tram. However tram tracks has never been here. The tram closest to the Patriarch's Ponds ran along Sadovaya Street.
In 2002, on the Patriarch's Ponds at the intersection of Malaya Bronnaya Street and Ermolaevsky Lane, an elite residential building "Patriarch" with 28 apartments was built according to the design of the architect S. Tkachenko.
According to the architect and architectural historian V.Z. Paperny, the Patriarch house is one of the worst examples of “Luzhkov architecture” in Moscow.
Painters Vasily Surikov and Vasily Polenov photographed their studios near the ponds. Not far from the Patriarchs lived: Vladimir Mayakovsky, Lyudmila Gurchenko.
The Shekhtel Mansion in Ermolaevsky Lane is the house of the architect Fyodor Osipovich Shekhtel in Moscow at Ermolaevsky Lane, building 28, building 1.
An object cultural heritage federal significance. Currently, the mansion houses the Embassy of the Republic of Uruguay.
Mansion of Zinaida Morozova - luxury mansion wife of Savva Morozov, Zinaida Grigorievna, built according to the design of Fyodor Shekhtel in Moscow at Spiridonovka, 17. Subsequently belonged to the Ryabushinskys.
The mansion was built in 1893-1898 by the wealthy industrialist and philanthropist Savva Morozov for his wife Zinaida on the site where in 1815 A. L. Vitberg built a house for the poet I. I. Dmitriev. Then the Aksakovs lived here until Morozov acquired it in 1893.
You can see sculptures of gargoyles on the building. According to legend, before a war or revolution, these gargoyles emit a loud, hoarse howl at night.
Now here is the reception house of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Another building of F. Shekhtel on Patriarch's is Vspolny Lane. 9 - mansion of I. I. Mindovskaya. In 1919, the Supreme Revolutionary Tribunal was located here; in the 20s and 30s, the chairman of the tribunal, People's Commissar of Justice of the USSR N.V. Krylenko, a prosecutor at Stalin's trials, lived here. Nowadays one of the offices of the Indian Embassy in Russia is located here.
Malaya Nikitskaya 28/1 - mansion of S. A. Tarasov (1884, architect V. N. Karneev), now the Tunisian Embassy. L.P. Beria lived in the mansion, which is why among Muscovites this house is called “Beria’s House”. This house has a very bad reputation, and at night local residents try to avoid it.
In 1999, on the initiative of the head of the Spasskie Vorota insurance company, Boris Khait, a competition was held to design a monument to Mikhail Bulgakov on the Patriarch's Ponds.
Out of 28 options, the design of sculptor Alexander Rukavishnikov was chosen. The sculptor proposed not just to erect a monument to the writer, but to create a whole sculptural ensemble around it, consisting of Bulgakov sitting on the shore of a pond, Yeshua Ha-Notsri walking on the water, and a 12-meter bronze primus-fountain.
In addition, Rukavishnikov planned to place other heroes on the shore of the pond famous novel- the cat Behemoth, Azazello, Koroviev, Pontius Pilate, Master and Margarita.
However numerous protests from the outside local residents and cultural figures forced the sculptor and the Moscow authorities to abandon the idea of installing a monument.
But Rukavishnikov managed to do something. On Sadovoy, near the Kursky station, we can see a car with a rook driver, in which Margarita flew to the ball, and the Master and Margarita hugging, who, according to the author’s idea, are soaring in the air.
