Solomon's solution to the meaning of phraseological units. Wise judgment of Solomon

Example of "Solomon's solution"

Sayings of King Solomon

• Let someone else praise you, and not your mouth; let someone else praise you, and not your tongue.
• Hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins.
• Whoever repays good with evil, evil will not leave his house.
• He who gives verbal instructions to a fool cuts his legs and suffers troubles.
• A weak-minded person expresses contempt for his neighbor; But man of sense is silent.
• Three things are incomprehensible to me, and four I do not understand: the way of the eagle in the sky, the way of the serpent on the rock, the way of the ship in the middle of the sea, and the way of a man to the heart of a woman.
• Better is a piece of dry bread, and with it peace, than a house full of slaughtered cattle, with discord.
• Whoever curses his father and his mother, his lamp will go out in the midst of deep darkness.
• Do not move the ancient boundaries that your fathers set.
• Those who are not quick get it successful run, victory is not for the brave, bread is not for the wise, wealth is not for the wise, and favor is not for the skillful, but time and chance are for them all.
• The righteous suffer what the deeds of the wicked would deserve, and the wicked suffer what the deeds of the righteous would deserve.
• Stupidity has been placed in high positions, while the worthy remain below
• Fear God and keep His commandments, for God will bring every deed into judgment,
  and everything secret, whether it is good or bad
• It is better to live in a desert land than with a quarrelsome and angry wife.
• A lazy hand makes you poor, but the hand of the diligent makes you rich. He who gathers during the summer is a wise son, but he who sleeps during the harvest is a dissolute son.
• A fool believes every word, but a prudent man pays attention to his ways.
• A cheerful heart is beneficial, like medicine, but a sad spirit dries out the bones.

King Solomon's Mines

It is believed that King Solomon was incredibly rich. His economic skills contributed to this. He bought horses in Cilicia (according to Wikipedia - the south-eastern region of Asia Minor) and sold them to Mesopotamia and Egypt, resold war chariots purchased in Egypt to other countries, built a port in the Gulf of Akabad and established successful maritime trade, explored copper deposits in Jordan ore, became almost a monopolist in its trade and made huge profits. These mines became the prototype of the legendary, supposedly gold and silver mines of King Solomon, about the search for which he created a novel in 1885 English writer Henry Rider Haggard.

Solomon's judgment is wise and fair trial. Solomon's solution is a witty solution, a clever way out of a difficult or delicate situation.

Solomon - famous ancient king Judah (son of King David). Like all rulers of that time, Solomon administered justice. Solomon was famous for his fair and smart decisions. For example, according to legend, two women argued about which of them should own the child. Solomon suggested cutting the child in half and dividing it among those who disagreed. The deceiver willingly agreed, and the mother, crying, said: “It’s better to give him to her alive.” Naturally, the king handed the child over to the woman, who refused to cut him up.

This story is described in the Bible, in the Old Testament (The Third Book of Kings, Chapter 3, Art. 16-28):

16 Then two harlot women came to the king and stood before him.

17 And one woman said: O my lord! This woman and I live in the same house; and I gave birth in her presence in this house;

18 On the third day after I gave birth, the woman also gave birth; and we were together, and there was no one else in the house with us; only the two of us were in the house;

19 And the woman's son died by night, for she slept with him;

20 And she arose in the night, and took my son from me, while I, thy handmaid, was sleeping, and laid him to her bosom, and laid her dead son to my bosom;

21 In the morning I got up to feed my son, and behold, he was dead; and when I looked at him in the morning, it was not my son whom I gave birth to.

22 And the other woman said, No, my son is alive, but your son is dead. And she told her: no, your son is dead, but mine is alive. And they spoke thus before the king.

23 And the king said, This one says, My son is alive, and your son is dead; and she says: no, your son is dead, but my son is alive.

24 And the king said, Give me a sword. And they brought the sword to the king.

25 And the king said, Cut the living child in two and give half to one and half to the other.

26 And that woman, whose son was alive, answered the king, for her whole inside was agitated with pity for her son: Oh, my lord! give her this child alive and do not kill him. And the other said: let it not be for me or for you, chop it down.

27 And the king answered and said, Give her the living child, and do not kill him: she is his mother.

28 And all Israel heard of the judgment, as the king judged; and they began to fear the king, for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him to carry out judgment.

IN work of art A.I. Kuprin "Shulamith", the writer gives other examples of Solomon's witty judicial decisions.

Examples

“Fedot, but not that one” (1943): “The practical mind of a familiar policeman and his Solomon's solution did not stop Kotov in his legitimate desire to unravel the case."

"Adventures good soldier Schweik" (1923, translation by P.G. Bogatyrev (1893 - 1971)), part 2, chapter 1. Schweik did not have money for a ticket to be sent to his military unit: "The second lieutenant did not reach into his pocket for Solomon's decision difficult question.
“Let him walk,” he decided, “let him be put in the regiment for being late.” There's no point in messing with him."

"Teenager" - main character reasons:

"Wow, is there so much needed here? What the Solomon's such wisdom! There would only be character; skill, dexterity, knowledge will come by themselves. If only I wouldn’t stop “wanting.”

"Demons" (1872) part 3 ch. 1, 4: "On ships Solomon's sentences, and the jury takes bribes only in the struggle for existence, when they have to die of hunger."

Images

Solomon's Judgment. Unknown artist, Italy, first half of the 18th century. Museum foreign art(Yaroslavl)

Before understanding and defining the meaning and meaning of the expression “Judgment of Solomon,” let us plunge into the very ancient history and let us turn to the Bible for help to find out who Solomon was and why he became so famous. And here it should immediately be noted that the name Solomon (Shlomo) is translated from Hebrew as “peacemaker.”

Just one statement about Solomon and his court is worth a lot and it goes like this: “The main thing is wisdom, acquire wisdom and with all your possessions acquire understanding. Appreciate it and it will exalt you.”

King Solomon

Solomon was the third king of Judah, whose reign dates back to approximately 967-928 BC. He was also the son of Bathsheba. Even at birth, the prophet Nathan singled him out from all the sons of David, who later became the most intelligent and dispassionate ruler. It was he who built the First on He had a talent for foresight and was very sensitive, so many legends and fairy tales are associated with his name.

Solomon's judgment was always fair and wise. There is a legend that when God appeared to him in a dream and promised to fulfill his every desire, Solomon asked for a reasonable heart in order to correctly judge his people and be able to distinguish between good and evil. Solomon became a peaceful king; during the forty years of his reign there was not a single major war. He was an excellent diplomat, merchant and builder, and under him chariots, cavalry and a merchant fleet appeared in the Jewish army. He strengthened and rebuilt his Jerusalem, which began to drown in luxury and wealth. King Solomon made silver equal to simple stones.

The price of disobedience

But, like any king, he also made mistakes, and therefore after his death his state fell apart. One of the reasons was the king’s construction of temples and pagan idols for his many wives, who were often from different races and religions. He even swore an oath to participate personally in some pagan cults.

The oral Torah Midrash describes that when King Solomon married his daughter Egyptian pharaoh, then the Archangel Gabriel descended from heaven to earth and stuck his pole into the depths of the sea, on this place Rome was subsequently built, which would later conquer Jerusalem.

The biblical “Book of Kingdoms” says that at the end of his life God again appeared before Solomon and told him that he would tear his kingdom away from him, since he had not fulfilled His covenants and statutes, but during his lifetime he would not do this because of his father. David. After the death of Solomon, his once strong and powerful kingdom fell apart into two weak states of Israel and Judah, which began to fight among themselves.

Solomon's Judgment: Meaning

There is such a popular expression among the people - “Solomon’s court” or “Solomon’s decision”. It implies fast, witty and at the same time unexpected decision, which helps to deftly get out of some difficult and very controversial situation. This phraseological unit “Judgment of Solomon” is used in the meaning of “quick and wise.”

Examples of Solomon's wise decisions

One day Solomon began to judge two women who could not share a baby between them. They lived in the same house, and almost at the same time they each had a baby. At night, one of the women slept with her child, and he died. Then she took the living child from another and transferred her dead one to her. The next morning a fierce argument arose between the women. So they came to Solomon for judgment. He, having listened to their story, ordered to cut the child in half and distribute the halves to the mothers. One of the women immediately decided: it would be better if no one got it. Another begged not to kill the baby, and immediately allowed another woman to take the child, as long as he remained alive. Having identified her as a real mother, King Solomon immediately ordered the child to be given to this woman.

Pharaoh's Help

One day Solomon took the daughter of Pharaoh as his wife when he was building the Holy of Holies - the temple of his Lord, and one day he decided to send an ambassador to his father-in-law with a request to help him. Pharaoh immediately sent six hundred people who were destined for death according to the horoscope to help Solomon. Thus, he wanted to test the wisdom of the king of Israel. Solomon, seeing them from afar, ordered shrouds to be sewn for them, and then assigned his ambassador to them and told his father-in-law that if he had nothing to bury his dead in, then here are the clothes for them and let him bury them at home.

Solomon's trial of the three brothers

The dying father called his three sons to give his last orders regarding the inheritance. They came to him, and he told them that he had a treasure buried somewhere in the ground, there were three vessels standing on top of each other. Let the eldest go to the top vessel, the middle one to the next, and the youngest to the bottom. When the father died, they dug up the treasure and saw that the first vessel was filled with gold, the second with bones, and the third with earth. The brothers, in horror, began to argue over the gold and could not divide it. It was then that they decided to come to Solomon so that he would justly resolve them

Solomon's court, as always, was very wise; he ordered the gold to be given to the elder brother, livestock and servants to the middle one, and vineyards, grain and fields to the younger one. And told them that their father was smart person, since he so competently divided everything between them during his lifetime.

I found the following information on the Internet:

The expression “Solomon's solution” came to us from ancient legends. The Jewish king Solomon son of David was known as great sage. Many legends have been written about his cunning, but most of them describe his wisdom and ingenuity in resolving disputes and judicial matters.

One day two women came to Solomon and were arguing about whose child it was. Solomon decided to cut the child in half and give half to each woman. The woman who was a deceiver easily agreed to this decision. And the mother, horrified, said: “Better give my rival the child alive.” Thus, the real mother was found.

This is where it came from that “Solomon’s court” is the fairest and wisest, “Solomon’s decision” is original, witty, finding a way out of any delicate situation.

In connection with this story, I want to raise several questions for discussion:

Did the king decide to cut the child in half and give half to each woman? So? Both women took his decision not as a joke, but as a royal decision, because the king had even already ordered a sword to be brought to him. So why was his “royal decision” not carried out? Did King Shlomo really want to cut the child in half? I think the king was wise enough not to want this. And if so, then we are not dealing with a “royal decision,” but with a well-thought-out provocation for a obviously expected reaction. So we come to the conclusion that the so-called “Solomon decision” is not essentially a judicial decision, but is simply a judicial “provocative trick” to expose deception. So?

What's the point of a liar taking on the burden of caring for someone else's child? If she simply wanted to satisfy the instinct of motherhood after the loss of her own child, then she could only take on the role of nurse of another child (after all, both women lived in the same house). After all, being a mother is a big responsibility. There must be some pretty compelling reasons for taking on this responsibility. But, on the other hand, this same deceiver agreed with the “king’s decision” to kill the child. How can this happen at the same time?

About these two questions, about a year ago I listened to a lecture by a rabbi from Israel who came to Germany. Are you interested in knowing the answers to these questions? Want to know what he said?

For reference, I quote an excerpt from the Russian translation (Old Testament):

Two women came to the king and stood before him. And one woman said:

Oh my lord! This woman and I live in the same house. And I gave birth in her presence in this house. On the third day after I gave birth, this woman gave birth too. And we were together, and there was no one else in the house with us; only the two of us were in the house. And the woman's son died at night, because she slept with him. And she arose at night and took my son from me while I, your servant, was sleeping, and laid him to her breast, and she laid her dead son to my breast. In the morning I got up to feed my son, and behold, he was dead. And when I looked at him in the morning, it was not my son whom I gave birth to.

And the other woman said:

- No, my son is alive, and your son is dead.

And she told her:

- No, your son is dead, but mine is alive.

And they said this before the king.

And the king said:

This one says: “My son is alive, but your son is dead”; and she says: “No, your son is dead, but my son is alive.” - And the king said, “Give me the sword.”

And they brought the sword to the king. And the king said:

- Cut the living child in two and give half to one and half to the other.

And the woman whose son was alive answered the king, for her whole insides were agitated with pity for her son:

- Oh, my lord! Give her this child alive and do not kill him.

And the other one said:

- Let it be neither for me nor for you, chop it down.

And the king answered and said:

- Give this living child and do not kill him. She is his mother.

And all Israel heard of the judgment, as the king judged; and they began to fear the king, for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him to carry out judgment.

(1 Kings 3:16-28)

Solomon (Heb. שְׁלֹמֹה , Shlomo; Greek Σαλωμών, Σολωμών in the Septuagint; lat. Solomon in the Vulgate; Arab. سليمان‎‎ Suleiman in the Koran) - the third Jewish king, legendary ruler united kingdom of Israel in 965-928 BC. e., during its peak period. Son of King David and Bathsheba (Bat Sheva), his co-ruler in 967-965 BC. e. During the reign of Solomon, the Jerusalem Temple, the main shrine of Judaism, was built in Jerusalem.