Shukshin cut short the analysis of the work. B.C
V. M. Shukshin. The story "Cut". Analysis of the work
Time of creation
The story was written in 1970.
A son comes to the village to visit his mother, who has been living in the city for some time and is considered a “city boy.” He is a candidate of sciences - a man who has achieved a lot.
Men come to meet with a former fellow villager. The most active interlocutor - Gleb Kapustin - is looking forward to this meeting in order to test the “candidate”, to ask him tricky questions and be perplexed.
This guy considers himself capable of cutting down any smart guy in the city, thus establishing his own importance.
The main idea to which Kapustin reduces his dispute with a fellow villager: “... Let me point out to you, Mr. Candidate, that candidacy is not a suit that you bought - once and for all. And even your suit needs to be cleaned from time to time. And even more so... the candidacy must be supported. Of course, you can surprise us, drive us up to the house in a taxi, take five suitcases out of the trunk... But... if you come to this nation, you need to be more prepared. More collected. More modest."
The men, who usually love to watch the battle of their erudite fellow villager with his “arrogant” fellow countrymen, still do not support him and do not like him.
Poetics, composition, idea
The genre of the work is short story. The theme of the story is the clash of “city and countryside”, not only external, but also internal: the conflict between peasant character and “urban” aspirations, the manifestation of arrogance in a person as compensation for social humiliation.
The writer loves village man, appreciates his simplicity, sincerity and sincerity. But at the same time he sees negative traits his nature.
The heroes of Shukshin's stories are “eccentrics” who have a passion for solving global, world problems. Own simple life on earth seems not interesting enough to them. They have aspirations for something greater than their simple village fate can give them.
The hero of the story “Cut”, Gleb Kapustin, a “well-read and malicious” man, also possesses this trait. Dissatisfaction with his “rural” fate is deeply hidden in him. He considers himself worthy of a better fate. But all his energy is spent on taking out his unsettledness and dissatisfaction with life on his fellow countrymen who have achieved the best results. He especially loves to test his intellect with the townspeople.
“And somehow it happened that when noble people came to the village on leave, when people crowded into the hut of a noble fellow countryman in the evening, some people would listen wonderful stories or they told about themselves, if a fellow countryman was interested; That’s when Gleb Kapustin came and cut off the famous guest.”
“Soared up like a kite” - this is how the writer characterizes the hero’s actions in one of the episodes. This laconically emphasizes not only the energy with which Kapustin attacks his victim, but also his serious, predatory, evil aspirations.
“I like to click on the nose - don’t go above the waterline!” - this is how Kapustin himself comments on his actions. The men egg him on, hoping to watch the next performance. “This is how an experienced fist fighter behaves when it becomes known that a certain new ruffian has appeared on a hostile street,” Shukshin comments on their behavior.
And yet the reader catches the author’s assessment: a hostile attitude towards Kapustin, bordering on contempt. Both the fellow villagers, the heroes of the story, and the author are unpleasant about the desire of this rural erudite to “trample” successful people, mix them with dirt so that they don’t stick out, they know their place.
When Kapustin skillfully “cut off” his victim, “in the voices of the men one could even hear a kind of pity for the candidates, sympathy.”
The writer gradually gives an analysis of the reasons for such “polemic enthusiasm” of the hero: “many noble people came out of the village of Novaya.” Their successes haunt Gleb Kapustin. He is tormented by envy. The meaning of his life becomes the desire to show everyone that he, Gleb Kapustin, is more educated, smarter, and smarter than some.
Particularly funny and absurd are the “exams” that Kapustin arranges for his subjects: he asks questions from the field of science, which he himself knows first-hand, from popular magazines, but at the same time he imagines himself to be an undoubted erudite.
At the end of the story, Shukshin still makes a conclusion about his hero: “Gleb is cruel, and no one has ever loved cruelty anywhere.”
The main idea of the story is not to censure an individual rural talker and loser. Shukshin is interested in the question: why is mediocrity so aggressive? What makes a seemingly gentle and ordinary person cruel?
For a writer, it is important to preserve dignity in a person, which does not depend on his origin or place of residence. A person’s attitude towards life and towards other people, his ability to be humane and worthy - this is a manifestation of his essence.
There is a fairly well-known joke about friends in hell who do not need devils at the cauldron to protect them, because when one starts to get out of there, someone from below will certainly pull him back, returning him to general position. Thus, no one manages to get out, and, of course, think about getting out, for example, somehow helping each other.
Of course, this anecdote may not be a full analogy to the story of Shukshin Srezal, and one should not so categorically label it based on race, nevertheless, the situation from the anecdote and from Shukshin’s story is typical, sadly typical.
The author specifically chooses speaking names, the antipodes are Zhuravlev and Kapustin. The holder of a Ph.D. degree, a country boy who went to the city and became a leader, Zhuravlev is a metaphor for free flight, free and productive human development. His antagonist is Gleb Kapustin, who remained in the village and continues to grow evenly and low like cabbage in a garden bed.
Of course, Kapustin is a kind of celebrity in his own village, and his fellow villagers single him out from their ranks and bestow him with a certain honor, but in fact, Kapustin is the same cabbage as everyone else, it’s just that his function is to “cut off” the cranes, or, better said, pull back so that the free flight turns into an absurd walk through rows of cabbage beds. Shukshin represents in the figure of this hero not only a certain personality, but also a situation as such, a system of relationships that he clearly does not particularly like, although the author, as often does in many stories, remains an indifferent observer and does not express a personal assessment, even the narration tries lead with an open mind. However, this does not make the essence of the story any less clear; Gleb Kapustin represents some version of the concentration of envy and hatred of the people who remained in the village towards the so-called urban ones.
In general, Shukshin was often interested in this topic and considered how the village and the city interact in different options. He himself gravitated towards the village way of life, people, did not tolerate the arrogance of city people, but also did not exaggerate the merits of the village representatives, he clearly despised some negative trends. In particular, here he denounces various Kapustin methods, which do not want anything other than to provoke another into an emotional reaction and try to humiliate. The story belongs to the classics of Shukshin's prose and enjoys significant popularity. This fact is due to the universality of the described scheme, which can be repeated on earth in a simple village and in hell.
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In the second half of the twentieth century, in connection with the course adopted by Khrushchev towards “steadily adhering to the party line,” when the government tried to put control over the spiritual life of society, to subordinate it to official communist postulates, ideological pressure on culture, which intensified since the mid-1960s, and the complication of social and economic situation, the spiritual atmosphere of citizens Soviet Union has undergone major changes. In the minds of the embittered workers, the intelligentsia who were disillusioned with the new government, who were delighted at the beginning of the “thaw”, and now subjected to ideological dictatorship and forced to flee abroad, the bourgeoisie, who also found themselves under pressure from the authorities, serious changes took place. Society has deteriorated morally, and a moral crisis has begun in the country.
Against the backdrop of these events, works appear Soviet writers, revealing in them the ethical issues of the second half of the twentieth century. One of them is the story of V.M. Shukshin “Cut off”. A village setting familiar to Shukshin, men who are not interested in their own unsettled and wretched life, and Gleb Kapustin, a “well-read and malicious” man.
Gleb takes out his unsettledness and dissatisfaction with life on his fellow countrymen who have achieved certain results in life. “And somehow it happened that when noble people came to the village on leave, when people crowded into the hut of a noble countryman in the evening - they listened to some wonderful stories or told stories about themselves, if the countryman was interested; - then Gleb Kapustin came and cut off the famous guest.” It seems that his whole life consists of stupidly taking revenge on people higher than him. social level. Gleb Kapustin is not able to listen to the voice of another person; his intonation is always accusatory. Gleb cannot understand that in order to achieve something in life, it is necessary to make an effort. He does not take into account that in order to live well, you need to do something. Gleb is a “typical slanderer demagogue,” although he did not write a single anonymous letter. But his desire to “cut down” successful people, to mix them with dirt, so that they do not stick out, know their place, causes the author’s sharp rejection, although he does not directly express his attitude towards the hero. Gleb Kapustin is just stuffed with information from everywhere: from newspapers, radio, television, books, he is much more well-read than those around him, pronounces incomprehensible words (“natural philosophy”, “strategic philosophy”), but confused philological sciences with philosophy. He considers himself entitled to humiliate people only because they live in the city, have reached a certain position, or came to the village by taxi. In response to the words of the men (“You cut it off...”), Gleb’s phrase sounds: “Nothing
oh, that's useful. Let him think at his leisure. Otherwise they take on too much...” Although Gleb Kapustin believes that he has surpassed the smart and educated people, in fact, they do not seek and do not want to argue with him. Village men they admire Kapustin’s “mind” and are surprised at how he “cut down” the “candidate”, but, however, only the next morning, they feel sorry for the Zhuravlevs.
The story “Cut” stands apart in Shukshin’s work; it is most remarkable, probably because it is not similar to other stories. In his work, the author raises the topic of social demagogy before the reader, drawing attention to the fact that in the village society is just as morally degraded as the city residents. This is very frustrating for the writer, who hoped that at least the Soviet party sentiments had not reached the rural areas. And the logic of the main character Gleb Kapustin is thought-provoking. His belief is not to make himself better, but to make others look worse. Shukshin described a case not typical for rural areas and a village resident in an unusual role, although important detail is that Gleb still does not come from this village, that is, these views come from outside.
The problem with this story is that people have become morally poorer, they think more and more about material rather than spiritual benefits, they try to show that they are no worse than other people, but do not want, do not strive to become better than them. Society does not develop, but decays. Reflecting this problem in his story, the author V.M. Shukshin is trying to draw the attention of his contemporaries to it in order to prevent its further spread, and to find solutions. Looking at the society around me, I come to the conclusion that the moral problems of the late twentieth century were nevertheless resolved, Shukshin coped with the task.
Problems and tests on the topic "Moral problems in literature in the second half of the twentieth century using the example of the story by V.M. Shukshin Cut"
- Personal endings of verbs of the first and second conjugations - Verb as part of speech grade 4
Lessons: 2 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1
- First and second person singular and plural pronouns - Pronoun as part of speech grade 4
To the question Help please. ANALYSIS OF Shukshin's STORY "CUT" given by the author Irrigate the best answer is ANALYSIS OF THE STORY "CUT"
The cranks of Vasily Makarovich Shukshin are characterized by the desire for a bright and interesting life, the desire to stand out. Therefore, they are disobedient, stubborn, and most importantly - always very brave. This is exactly what it is main character one of Shukshin’s brightest and deepest stories - “Cut.” In this work, Vasily Makarovich describes a tough, impatient, cunning villager who is possessed by a “fiery passion” to “cut off”, “besiege” people from the village who have achieved life success in the city.
The main character is Gleb Kapustin, who works at a sawmill, “fights” with a “candidate” who comes to visit his mother. This philologist, who became a victim of Kapustin, was deceived by the outward absurdity of Gleb’s questions and failed to understand the meaning of what was happening. At first, Kapustin’s questions seem funny to the guest, but soon all the comedy disappears: for the candidate this is a real exam, and later the clash develops into a verbal duel. At the end of the story, the author tells us about the feelings of the men present at this fight: “Gleb... they were still invariably surprised. I even admired it. At least there was no love here. No, it was not. Gleb is cruel, and no one has ever loved cruelty anywhere.” The work ends not with moralizing, but with regret about the lack of tact and sympathetic attention of people to each other, about a meeting that turned into a break.
The central character of this story is Gleb Kapustin. The author does not call him by his patronymic name, but simply - Gleb. Thereby emphasizing that this hero is an ordinary village peasant worker, and not some highly educated, official, managerial person. His portrait also indicates this: “a thick-lipped, blond man of forty years old, well-read and malicious.” This “eccentric” “squinted his persistent eyes vindictively... He walked somewhat ahead of the others, walked calmly, with his hands in his pockets... He soared above the colonel like a kite.” Eyes, portrait, demeanor - all this represents the main character as a very persistent, self-confident, proud, sarcastic, cruel, thirsty person, interested in everything that happens in the world.
This character is surprising in that, despite the fact that he lives in a village, far from discoveries and innovations and is busy with ordinary monotonous work, he does not want to lag behind, and therefore not a single event, not a single surname, not a single discussed people question. In addition, Gleb is a unique debater; he, of course, cannot be called a skilled speaker, because Kapustin, without hesitation, throws out loud and incomprehensible words(“natural philosophy”, “strategic philosophy”) and misunderstands the meaning of some of them (he confused the science of linguistics with philosophy - he mistook the “philological department” for the faculty of philosophy), but he immediately responds to one word of his opponent with five of his own. And Kapustin argues about questions to which not every person will find at least some answer. The peculiarity of this “eccentric”, as he himself admits: “I like to click on the nose, don’t lift up above the waterline! Be more modest, dear comrades...”
The stable character of Gleb Kapustin, like the characters of many of the “eccentrics” of Vasily Shukshin, is characterized by such a trait as courage. But Gleb is not just brave, but very decisive, immodest, daring, impatient, as the author said about him: “And then Gleb attacked the candidate...”. The heroes of the story speak of him as a man who has achieved it, that is, capable of achieving anything, intelligent, dexterous.
Gleb often experiences hostility, he is hostile to people, but only to some, because for Shukshin’s “eccentric” antipathy and irritation arise when they see something negative, abnormal, which negatively affects their existence. Over these people central character throughout the story, he constantly chuckles, and after he cuts, he speaks to them with regret, even somewhat generously. But the “weirdo” evaluates his negative feelings positively, since there are significant justifications for them.
// / Analysis of Shukshin’s story “Cut”
What is Shukshin's story "Cut" about? About human achievements, values, and what always prevents people from becoming happy - envy, aggression, anger. It is these feelings that carry destructive force into a person's head. They fill the mind, heart, soul. People can no longer live a full life and feel comfortable surrounded by other, more successful friends or acquaintances.
It is precisely such an inferior person that the hero of the story “Cut off” is. He cannot calmly observe the achievements of other people, and constantly tries to distort the picture. The guys who know him always silently watch what is happening. Kapustin “cuts” his interlocutor, trying to make him look like a fool. Often a man succeeds.
In the case of candidate Zhuravlev and his wife, Gleb couldn’t come up with anything better than to start talking nonsense. The candidate family clearly did not expect to hear anything like this. Naturally, Kapustin was unable to clearly formulate a single question, so he did not receive any intelligible answers. However, this is precisely why he considered that he had “cut off” the next “upstarts”. Finally, he prophesied for them to “fall to the bottom,” clearly wanting this for them.
His good manners did not allow him to stoop to personal insults and assault. However, the man was still able to see what kind of person Kapustin was. Calling him a slanderer, he ran into even more rude statements from Gleb.
Obviously, Kapustin needed a reason to darken Zhuravlev’s name even more. Those present watched the arguing men without delving into the essence of the conversation. They, most likely, just like Kapustin, “gloated” about the candidate, otherwise, why would they invite Gleb with them to “get-togethers”. Therefore, we can conclude that everyone who came to visit the candidate that evening came there with the goal of seeing how Zhuravlev would be “cut off.”
The author emphasizes the company's intention from the very beginning, when not a single person went to visit the candidate without Kapustin. Everyone stood together and waited for him under the windows until he came home from work, changed clothes and had dinner.
On the way, little things were also discussed, such as the fact that Zhuravlev arrived with his wife and daughter by taxi. It can be seen that this “turns on” Kapustin even more. He, having never seen in his life this person, is already beginning to despise him.
The author makes a humorous digression on the fact that when Kapustin finds out in which field Zhuravlev is a candidate of sciences, he unknowingly confuses it with a completely different field. Philologist and philosopher, it’s still different concepts. However, Gleb doesn’t even know about it.
Shukshin, in his story “Cut,” wrote about painful issues. He himself had to deal with ignorance and open human envy more than once. He wanted to convey to the reader that this approach to more successful people is not correct. No one has the right to test or insult another. Regardless of education and position, people must remain people.
By “cutting off” and humiliating others, a person demonstrates, first of all, his bad manners and low level intelligence.
