A verbal portrait of the lumpen and the marginalized. Marginal or outcast from society

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL RELATIONS

Social structure, like other aspects of society, is subject to change. From history courses you know how this happened during civilizational development V different eras. Painting social life modern humanity also variegated and mobile. The social structure that still exists today is the most stable traditional societies. They retain social groups associated with communal land use, subsistence farming, and small-scale production. In a number of cases, the principles of religious-communal and even tribal organization are supported.

Societies that have entered the era of industrialization and modernization are distinguished by high social dynamics. Groups associated with large-scale industrial production are strengthening there, and the urban population is growing.

Significant social changes are taking place in developed countries West. One trend is the rise of a “new” middle class. It includes the majority of the intelligentsia, middle and lower managers, and highly qualified workers. The incomes of these strata, in most cases employed, are no lower than those of the middle and petty bourgeoisie (“old” middle class). The growth of the middle class is reducing social differentiation, makes society more politically stable.

This group of countries has a large proportion of the population employed. At the same time, structural changes in the economy are leading to a reduction in the size of the industrial working class. There are also fewer independent peasants (farmers). At the same time, under the influence of the scientific and technological revolution, the importance of highly qualified mental labor is increasing. Acute social problem unemployment still remains.

tends to have a certain regulatory impact on social relations government. In some cases, the state supports the ideas of social equality, and in extreme cases, egalitarianism. This applies, for example, to former socialist countries, present-day Cuba, North Korea.

IN Western countries One of the main concerns of the state is to prevent social conflicts. Much is being done to support the most vulnerable segments of the population in a competitive economy - the elderly, the disabled, and large families.

These two groups of the population, each in its own way, seem to fall out of the stable social structure society.

The word lumpen comes from the German Lumpen - rags. The lumpen include people who have sunk to the “bottom” of public life - tramps, beggars, homeless people. As a rule, these come from different social strata and classes. An increase in the number of this group (lumpenization of the population) is dangerous for society, since it serves nutrient medium for various kinds of extremist organizations. Different position and different social role in the marginal layers (Latin margina- Hs - located on the edge). These include groups that occupy an intermediate position between stable communities. One of the main channels of marginalization is mass migration from rural to urban areas. This process took place, for example, in the late 20s - 30s in our country. The ongoing industrialization required more and more workers. Former rural residents, having lost touch with the village way of life, had difficulty adapting to the urban environment. For a long time they became people with severed social ties and destroyed spiritual values. Such sections of the population, “unrooted”, with an unstable social position, strived for a solid order established by the state, for “ strong hand" This created a social basis for the anti-democratic regime and significantly reduced revolutionary expectations of change.

The above example shows one of negative consequences increase in marginalized groups. At the same time, one cannot help but admit that often it is precisely these sections of the population, not bound by traditions and prejudices, that especially actively support the progressive, often acting as its initiators.

1 Many of us, walking along the beautiful and elegant streets of our cities, have more than once noticed people who are dressed in dirty clothes, smell of strong fumes, make inarticulate sounds, and can sleep on the ground. Some call such citizens Scourges, but in fact common name similar individuals "Lumpen". What does Lumpen mean?? What does Marginal mean? Before you continue, I want to introduce you to several informative publications on the topic of prison jargon, for example, who is called Rook, how to understand the word Spread, who is Clay Kneader, what is called Nail, etc. The word Lumpen was borrowed from the German term "Lumpen " and is translated as rags. This concept invented by a popular communist figure, Karl Marx. He used this term to designate people from the lower strata of society.
After some time, all declassed elements, such as criminals, tramps, beggars, homeless, whips, etc.

Lumpen- this is a person who does not earn a regular income and does not have his own property

What does Marginal mean?

Marginal- this is a person who rejects some traditions and values ​​of the culture in which it appears, while creating their own system of values ​​and norms

What is the difference between Lumpen and Marginal?

Phrases like this are periodically uttered: “he’s a typical lumpen.” But who is lumpen, and in what cases can this word be used?

Lumpen comes from the German Lumpen - “rags”. This term was first introduced by none other than Karl Marx himself. The philosopher called the lower strata of the proletariat this way.

Then the so-called declassed element began to be called lumpen. That is, beggars, tramps, homeless people and simply degenerate people can safely be called lumpen.

In addition to all of the above, in the intelligent speeches of a respected person who is indignant at his government, one can often hear the phrase “lumpenization of society.” This is nothing more than the dissemination of appropriate psychology among the broad masses.

For example, when you hear on radio or television how the presenter claims that it is supposedly normal to live in debt or without normal human conditions, you may exclaim indignantly:

- Comrades, but this is a real lumpenization of society!

And you'll be right.

Lumpen or Marginal?

Please note that the word "lumpen" is sometimes used as a synonym for the word "fringe". But this is a mistake.

Marginal (from Latin margo - edge) is a person who is on the border (on the edge) of two social groups. For example, a guy from a good family fell under the influence of a bad company that trades in criminal methods. However, the young man has not completely become “theirs,” and at the same time is not in every sense decent person. Such an individual can safely be called a marginal until he takes his place in society.

Now you know everything Interesting Facts about who the lumpen is. And remember this smart word possible using simple trick: the lumpen wanders around in rags. Repeat this sentence a couple of times, and now you can safely “be smart”!

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. Who are the marginalized anyway, to put it simply? People who at will didn’t want to be part of society, or?

Or are these the people who are just standing next to the company on the side? Such a sensational word, but not everyone knows exactly what this concept means. I'll say more. The meaning of this word is quite vague. Many people understand when and to whom it can be applied, but they cannot give a definition. But you and I will try.

Marginal - who is this?

The term came to our language from Latin. There was the word "margo" which meant " edge, border, verge"(marginal, respectively, is “located on the edge or already beyond”).

This term became widespread in the 20s of the twentieth century. Then this word meant a person who had the status of an emigrant in America and in a new society. He left his country, his family, his job and his usual way of life in order to exchange for something new. Their failure to adapt to what has already developed in the states social behavior called marginalization.

IN in a general sense, a marginal is a person who, willy-nilly or not, went beyond the established rules (he was pushed out or he came to this himself). For example, in socially- a person who is outside his social group. Essentially this is outcast.

But there are many types (reasons) of marginalization - social failure, financial collapse, religious outcast, ethical, political, physical (illness, disability). They reflect the reasons why people became outcasts.

For some reason (in my opinion, wrongly) this word has become a complete synonym for the word lumpen, originally denoting a person from the very bottom of the working class (it is translated as rags). Nowadays, tramps, beggars and other “degraded” people are called lumpen. They, of course, can also be classified as “outcasts,” but this is still a special case of (financial) marginality.

The explanatory dictionary also conveys ambiguously meaning of this word:

1. marginal is an asocial object that is outside groups (social, economic, political...);
2. “marginal” is a word that describes a person who does not participate in the activities of people gathered by interests or goals;
3. a person who for some reason was removed from the group (outcast).

These are members of society who do not have any material values, and who have them. In essence, it is a caste. As a rule, they do not have any property. They earn money either by doing odd jobs, or by begging, or by robbing.

For me, so lumpen is a particular and very radical example of marginalization. It is not indicative, because it reflects only one hypostasis (financial).

The marginalized sections of society will not necessarily wear cast-offs and beg. They can easily earn their living. They're just "break away from the team" and play “their own game” (in the social, political, religious, and so on).

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

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Outcasts and lumpen

Everyone knows these words from school lessons history, this is how more fortunate people usually call their relatives who are less fortunate in life - representatives of the lower stratum of society. But are they really so close to each other - lumpen and marginal?

Explanatory dictionaries characterize both of them almost identically, as people who have lost touch with their social environment who became outcasts in it. However, from this position, anyone can turn out to be lumpen or marginal, depending on which society is taken as a starting point. Therefore, clarification is required.

Word " marginal" comes from Latinmarginalis- “extreme, located on the edge.”Marginal - this is someone who is between two irreconcilable cultures, without completely belonging to either of them, and at the same time accepting some character traits from both.

In economics there is a similar (only phonetically) term with a French pronunciation: “marginal”, associated with the conceptmargin– “margin, profit, the difference between the purchase and sale prices; minimum, lower limit."

Well, the word “lumpen - and is considered colloquial. This is short for German expression, used in Marxist theory, -Lumpenproletariat, WhereLumpen- “torn, rags”, andproletariat- “proletariat”. The lumpen proletariat are beggars, vagabonds, criminals and other dregs of society. So, we conclude: the wordlumpen not identical to the wordmarginal , although it has a lot in common with it.

^ Lumpens and outcasts.

These two groups of the population, each in its own way, seem to fall out of the stable social structure of society.

The word "lumpen" comes from the German lumpen - rags. People who have sunk to the bottom are considered lumpen. public life- tramps, beggars, homeless people. As a rule, these come from different social strata and classes. An increase in the number of this group (lumpenization of the population) is dangerous for society, since it serves as a breeding ground for various kinds of extremist organizations. The marginal strata have a different position and a different social role (Latin marginalis - located on the edge). These include groups that occupy an intermediate position between stable communities. One of the main channels of marginalization is mass migration from rural to urban areas. This process took place, for example, in the late 20s - 30s. in our country. The ongoing industrialization required more and more workers. Former rural residents, having lost touch with the village way of life, had difficulty adapting to the urban environment. On for a long time they became people with ragged social connections, destroyed spiritual values. Such sections of the population, “unrooted”, with unstable social status, strived for a firm order established by the state, for a “strong hand.” This created a social basis for an anti-democratic regime.

The above example shows one of the negative consequences of the increase in marginal groups. At the same time, one cannot help but admit that often it is precisely these sections of the population, not bound by traditions and prejudices, that especially actively support the progressive, often acting as its initiators.