Zamyatin years of life. Biography of Evgeny Zamyatin

Any person who is the leader of his people sooner or later becomes both a hero and an outcast. Everyone has long known that it is impossible to do well for absolutely everyone. Some people have to suffer so that others can live well. They won’t teach you this in school, and they won’t tell you on TV. I am telling you this, a man who has seen a lot. I will also show you how to draw Hitler. In our country, such topics are not recommended to be raised. But do you think a person deserves to live if he is a German who destroyed half of Europe? Some say that every life is priceless, others say that it should not even be remembered. I am sure of one thing for sure: searching for those responsible is not the most best activity. It's better to be creative. Please take my lesson on drawing Adolf Hitler as practice in drawing, rather than as serious Scientific research history of the last century.

How to draw Hitler with a pencil step by step

Step one. I depict a human figure. It is important here to outline the main features of the position in which the body is located. Step two. It is better to draw starting from the face. You can start from its size. Step three. Next you need to depict the uniform of the German commander-in-chief. Hitler had a distinctive hairstyle and mustache. It's not just a desire to look stylish. This is the character of a person. Hitler was a person who was remembered and will be remembered for many generations. If he had looked like an ordinary ordinary soldier, nothing would have worked out for him. Step four. Add shadows and draw in detail the eyes and costume.

Evgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin. Born on January 20 (February 1), 1884 in Lebedyan, Tambov province - died on March 10, 1937 in Paris. Russian writer, critic and publicist.

Father is an Orthodox priest, mother is a pianist.

From 1893 to 1896, Zamyatin attended the Lebedyansky gymnasium, and then studied at the Voronezh gymnasium. In 1902, after graduating from high school with a gold medal, he enrolled in the shipbuilding department of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute:

“At the gymnasium, I received straight A's for my essays and was not always easy with mathematics. This must be why (out of stubbornness) I chose the most mathematical thing: the shipbuilding department of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic."

Four years later, Zamyatin becomes a Social Democrat (Bolshevik) and takes part in the life of revolutionary student youth. Then he meets his future wife - Lyudmila Nikolaevna Usova (1883-1965). In the summer of 1905, while returning from a trip to Egypt through Odessa, he witnessed an uprising on the battleship Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky. In 1906, Zamyatin was arrested and sent back to Lebedyan. That same year, he returned illegally to St. Petersburg and graduated from college.

In 1908, Zamyatin left the party and wrote his first story, “Alone.” Two years later, the aspiring author teaches at the shipbuilding department, works as an engineer, and at the same time finishes the story “The Girl.” In 1911, Zamyatin was expelled from St. Petersburg for illegal residence. Evgeny Ivanovich is forced to live in Lakhta, where he writes his first story “Uyezdnoe”. This work attracts the attention of literary connoisseurs and other writers, including Gorky. “In the middle of nowhere”, Zamyatin’s next story, also receives good reviews from critics.

During the First World War, Zamyatin spoke out from an anti-war internationalist position; in 1914 he was put on trial and exiled to Kem for the story “In the Middle East”. In March 1916, after serving his exile, Yevgeny Zamyatin was sent to England to participate in the construction of Russian icebreakers at the shipyards of Newcastle, Glasgow and Sunderland; visited London. He was one of the main designers of the icebreaker "St. Alexander Nevsky", which received after October revolution name "Lenin". During a business trip, he created the story “The Islanders” (1917) - a subtle satire on English life.

In September 1917, Zamyatin returned to Russia. In 1921 he organized a group of young writers, the Serapion Brothers. Its members were Mikhail Zoshchenko, Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov, Veniamin Kaverin, Nikolai Tikhonov and others. After the revolution, the previously banned story “In the Middle East” was published.

During Civil War in Russia, while remaining a convinced socialist, Zamyatin criticized the policies of the Bolshevik government. In particular, in March 1919, he, along with many famous figures art (A. A. Blok, A. M. Remizov, R. V. Ivanov-Razumnik, K. S. Petrov-Vodkin) was arrested during labor unrest provoked by the Left Social Revolutionaries in the factories of Petrograd. The issue of his expulsion was discussed twice at the Politburo.

In the early 1920s, Zamyatin created the novel “We.” Soviet censorship saw in it a veiled mockery of the communist system and banned publication. Without the author's consent, the novel was published on English language in New York in 1924, and then in Czech (1927) and French (1929), after which Zamyatin’s works were no longer published in the USSR. In the wake of harsh criticism, Zamyatin in 1929 announced his withdrawal from the Writers' Union, and in June 1931 he wrote a letter asking for permission to travel abroad. He receives a positive response (on a petition) and leaves in November 1931 - first to Riga, then to Berlin, from where he moves to Paris in February 1932.

Zamyatin writes articles for French newspapers, the main topic is the state of modern Russian prose, as well as avant-garde art. He continues to work on stories and film scripts, in particular, in collaboration with Jacques Companez, he writes the script for Jean Renoir's film "At the Bottom" (film adaptation play of the same name Gorky). In 1934 - being an emigrant, which is unprecedented - he was readmitted to the Writers' Union (at his own request, with the approval of Stalin), and in 1935 he participated in the anti-fascist Congress of Writers in Defense of Culture as a member of the Soviet delegation.

Zamyatin misses his homeland until his death. The writer died on March 10, 1937 in Paris. Buried at Paris cemetery in Thiais (division 21, line 5, grave 36).

In 1926, the Bolshoi Drama Theater in Leningrad staged the play “The Flea” based on N. Leskov’s work “Lefty”; Zamyatin's plays were also staged at the Moscow Art Theater-2.

Zamyatin's subsequent works, including several plays, were not admitted Soviet power to the domestic public.

Novels:

"We" (1920)
"Scourge of God" ( unfinished novel) (1935).

Stories:

"District" (1912)
"In the middle of nowhere" (1913)
"Alatyr" (1914)
"Islanders" (1917)
"North" (1918)
"Fisher of Men" (1921).

Evgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin was born on January 20 (February 1), 1884, in Lebedyan, into a family Orthodox priest. The mother of the future writer was a pianist.

At first, Evgeniy studied in local gymnasium classes. When he was twelve years old, his parents sent him to Voronezh for further education. In 1902, Zamyatin graduated from high school, receiving a gold medal.

Despite the fact that he was a humanist by vocation, after graduating from high school, Zamyatin entered the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, the Faculty of Shipbuilding.

Studying the biography of Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin, you should know that in the summer of 1905 he witnessed an uprising on the battleship “Prince Potemkin Tauride”.

A year later, Zamyatin was arrested for “underground revolutionary activity” and deported to Lebedyan. But Evgeny Ivanovich did not remain in exile for long. A few months later he returned to St. Petersburg and graduated from college.

War years

The dates 1914-1916 became significant in the fate of Zamyatin. During the First World War, Evgeniy Ivanovich took an anti-war internationalist position. For this, he was declared by the authorities to be a pacifist, which, against the backdrop of patriotic sentiments, was a rather serious accusation.

Zamyatin was brought to trial and sent into exile in Kem. He stayed there until 1916. After that, Zamyatin was sent to England to build icebreakers. While in England, Zamyatin developed a project for the icebreaker “St. Alexander Nevsky”. After the revolution of 1917, the icebreaker received the name Lenin.

A month before the October Revolution, Yevgeny Ivanovich returned to his homeland.

Civil War years

According to his convictions, Zamyatin remained a convinced socialist. At the same time, he mercilessly criticized the Bolsheviks. He believed that methods of terror were unacceptable and violence could not be eradicated by more violence.

In March 1919, the Left Social Revolutionaries provoked unrest in Petrograd factories. Zamyatin was arrested. At the same time, his like-minded people were arrested - K. S. Petrov-Vodkin, R. V. Ivanov-Razumnik, A. M. Remizov, A. A. Blok.

Creative path

Zamyatin was closely associated with the Serapion Brothers. He began writing his first stories while still studying at the institute. First significant work the writer is the story “Islanders”, written and published in 1917. According to some critics, this work is the forerunner famous novel"We".

“The Islanders” is in many ways a grotesque work that describes the life and way of life of the English. The writer knew the British well and deliberately portrayed them not very believably. Researchers creative heritage Zamyatin believe that this story contains all the cliches about England that have “survived” to this day.

In 1920, Zamyatin wrote the novel “We,” which aroused great interest abroad. The novel was translated and published in the United States. This work was not published in the USSR, but was mercilessly criticized.

The writer's work was quite fruitful. Later he wrote such plays as “The Flea”, “Atilla”, “Society of Honorary Bell Ringers”.

Death

Other biography options

• In 1929, Zamyatin left the Writers' Union. After this, it was no longer published in the USSR. Zamyatin wrote a letter to Stalin, in which he briefly outlined the reasons that prompted him to emigrate and asked for appropriate permission. The request was granted.
• As a youth, he pawned his gold medal in a pawnshop, but was unable to redeem it. The mortgage amount was quite large at that time - 25 rubles.

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