What will happen if the earth's orbit changes. What happens if the Earth leaves its orbit? The Earth's orbit changes periodically due to the planet's own vibrations, as well as gravitational forces.

“...I’m starting a series of works about what the Universe really looks like.

Are you ready reader? Well, then hang in there and take care of your sanity. Now it will be true. But first, answer me one question:

How is astronomy different from astrology?

In astrology there are 12 signs of the Zodiac, and in astronomy there are 13 constellations. Zmeelov is also added to those known to everyone. In astrology, all signs are divided into months, numbering 12 with an approximately equal number of days - a tribute to the metric system. In astronomy, everything is different: a circle has 360 degrees and each constellation has its own angular dimensions. The constellations are different and their angular magnitudes are different. If we convert them into radians, and radians into days, it becomes quite clear that the constellations have different durations in days. That is, the Sun, moving in different constellations, passes through them in a different number of days.

Taurus – 14.05 – 23.06

Gemini 23.06 – 20.07

Cancer 20.07 – 11.08

Leo 11.08 – 17.09

Virgo 17.09 – 21.10

Libra 21.10 – 22.11

Scorpio 11/22 – 11/30

Snake catcher 30.11 – 18.12

Sagittarius 12.18 – 19.01

Capricorn 19.01 – 16.02

Aquarius 16.02 – 12.03

Pisces 12.03 – 18.04

Aries 18.04 – 14.05

As you can see, according to astronomical observations, the real constellations of the Sun are located in completely different intervals and the astronomical months are all different: from 8 days to 42.

Not only does the Earth rotate around the Sun, but the Sun also rotates around a certain center in the ecliptic plane. If you imagine a geometric figure of a torus, similar to a donut, then in the middle of the torus itself there are zodiacs, which we can observe from the places where humanity lives on the planet. At the poles there is a different picture of the stellar world. So the solar system moves along the inside of the donut, and in the donut itself are the stars visible to us.

When the Sun is in one of the constellations of the Zodiac, we cannot see which one it is in, since it is white daylight and the star blinds us, and the stars are not visible in the sky. What do astrologers do? Exactly at 12 at night, they look at the sky and see which constellation is the highest, and then take the exact opposite in the SIGN Zodiac drawn in a circle, where all the months are almost equal. This determines which constellation the Sun is in now. But that's a lie. I showed that the constellations have different sizes in the sky, which means that the Sign Zodiac accepted in the world is simply a convention. That is, the Signs of the Zodiac actually represent fictitious months that are not related to the annual cycle.

Looking ahead, I want to say that this entire system with a torus is not motionless, but moves along a certain axis, while the planets of the solar system move in a small spiral around the Sun, and the Sun moves in a large spiral inside the torus. ..."

MOSCOW, May 7 - RIA Novosti. Gravitational interactions with Jupiter and Venus have caused the Earth's orbit to contract and stretch every 405 thousand years for more than 215 million years, geologists who published an article in the journal PNAS found out.

"This is a stunning discovery - we suspected that this cycle could have existed for about 50 million years, but we found that it has been running for at least 215 million years. We can now link and refine the timing of various climate changes, massive extinctions, dinosaurs, mammals and other animals appeared and disappeared,” said Dennis Kent from Rutgers University (USA).

Today, the Earth revolves around the Sun in a slightly elongated orbit, almost 150 million kilometers away from the star. Its perihelion - its closest point to the Sun - is about 5 million kilometers closer to the star than its aphelion, its farthest point. Due to this, winters in the southern hemisphere are slightly harsher than in the northern half, and summers are hotter.

In the past, scientists suggest, the Earth's orbit could have been more elongated, which could have dramatically changed the planet's climate, making it more extreme, as well as causing extinctions and large-scale restructuring of ecosystems. Such changes, as calculations by geologists and astrophysicists show, should have occurred as a result of the interaction of our planet with Jupiter and other gas giants.

About two decades ago, Kent notes, he noticed that the gravitational interactions of Jupiter, Earth and Venus were supposed to change the orbit of our planet in a special way, compressing or stretching it by about 1% every 405 thousand years. His calculations showed that such a cycle of orbital changes should be extremely stable and it should have existed at least since the Cenozoic.

Such unusual properties of this cycle, as well as the absence of other long-term orbital oscillations, forced Kent and his colleagues to look for their possible traces in the Earth’s rocks, which often “imprint” traces of the planet’s magnetic field, imprisoned in crystals of iron-containing rocks.

Five years ago, the authors of the article conducted excavations in Arizona, where rocks formed approximately 215-210 million years ago, at the end of the Triassic period, occur. At that time, the first ancestors of dinosaurs began to appear on Earth, and the previously dominant lizards and bipedal “megacrocodiles” two meters high began to gradually die out.

In these rocks they managed to find a whole layer of deposits of volcanic ash and other igneous rocks half a kilometer long, in which traces of shifts in the planet’s magnetic axis were preserved. After analyzing them, geologists realized that they were dealing with the same orbital cycle, 405 thousand years long.

This cycle, Kent and his colleagues say, influenced the planet's climate at the time in an unusual way. In those times when the Earth’s orbit was maximally elongated, the level of precipitation in the territory of the future North America increased noticeably, and in the era of the “round” orbit it was noticeably lower. This, according to scientists, should have had a strong influence on the evolution of life and geology of our planet.

Now the Earth, as scientists note, is in the “round” phase of this cycle. Its impact, on the other hand, on the planet's climate in the short term will be minimal, since current CO2 emissions and the shorter and brighter Milankovitch cycles associated with the "wobble" of the Earth's rotation axis affect temperatures much more strongly, and therefore such "orbital shifts" "do not cause serious concern.

There are 3 options for deorbiting - move to a new orbit (which in turn may be closer or further from the sun, or even be very elongated), fall into the Sun and leave the solar system. Let's consider only the third option, which, in my opinion, is the most interesting.

As we move further away from the sun, there will be less ultraviolet light available for photosynthesis and the average temperature on the planet will decrease year after year. Plants will be the first to suffer, leading to major disruptions in food chains and ecosystems. And the ice age will come quite quickly. The only oases with more or less conditions will be near geothermal springs and geysers. But not for long.

After a certain number of years (by the way, there will be no more seasons), at a certain distance from the sun, unusual rains will begin on the surface of our planet. It will be rains of oxygen. If you're lucky, maybe it will snow from the oxygen. I cannot say for sure whether people on the surface will be able to adapt to this - there will be no food either, steel in such conditions will be too fragile, so it is unclear how to obtain fuel. the surface of the ocean will freeze to a considerable depth, the ice cap due to the expansion of ice will cover the entire surface of the planet except the mountains - our planet will become white.

But the temperature of the planet’s core and mantle will not change, so under the ice cap at a depth of several kilometers the temperature will remain quite tolerable. (if you dig such a mine and provide it with constant food and oxygen, it will even be possible to live there)

The funniest thing is in the depths of the sea. Where even now a ray of light does not penetrate. There, at a depth of several kilometers below the surface of the ocean, there are entire ecosystems that absolutely do not depend on the sun, on photosynthesis, on solar heat. It has its own cycles of substances, chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis, and the required temperature is maintained due to the heat of our planet (volcanic activity, underwater hot springs, and so on). Since the temperature inside our planet is ensured by its gravity, mass, even without the sun, it is also outside the solar systems, stable conditions and the required temperature will be maintained there. And the life that boils in the depths of the sea, at the bottom of the ocean, will not even notice that the sun has disappeared. That life will not even know that our planet once revolved around the sun. Perhaps it will evolve.

It is also unlikely, but also possible, that a snow ball - the Earth - will someday, billions of years later, fly to one of the stars of our galaxy and fall into its orbit. It is also possible that in that orbit of another star our planet will “thaw” and conditions favorable for life will appear on the surface. Perhaps life in the depths of the sea, having overcome this entire path, will again come to the surface, as it already happened once. Perhaps, as a result of evolution, intelligent life will appear again on our planet after this. And finally, maybe they will find surviving media with questions and answers from the site in the remains of one of the data centers

What causes Earth's climate to change?

Astronomer Milutin Milankovich (1879-1958) studied changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun and the tilt of our planet's axis. He suggested that cyclical changes between them are the cause of long-term climate change.

Climate change is a complex process and is influenced by many factors. The main one is the relationship between the Earth and the Sun.

Milankovic studied three factors:

Change in the tilt of the earth's axis;

Deviations in the shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun;

The precession of the change in the position of the axis tilt relative to the orbit..

The earth's axis is not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. The inclination is 23.5°. This gives the Northern Hemisphere the opportunity to receive more sunshine and longer days in June. In December there is less sun and the days get shorter. This explains the change of seasons. In the Southern Hemisphere, the seasons run in reverse order.
Deviation of the earth's axis.	Changing the Earth's orbit.
Earth Earth without seasons, axis tilt 0°.
End of June: summer in the Northern Hemisphere, winter in the Southern.
Late December: summer in the Northern Hemisphere, winter in the Southern.

Earth's axis tilt

If there were no axis tilt, then we would not have seasons, and day and night would last the same throughout the year. The amount of solar energy reaching a certain point on Earth would be constant. Now the planet's axis is at an angle of 23.5°. In the summer (from June) in the Northern Hemisphere, it turns out that northern latitudes receive more light than southern latitudes. The days are getting longer and the position of the sun is getting higher. At the same time, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere. The days are shorter and the sun is lower.

WITH After six months the Earth moves in its orbit to the opposite side of the Sun. The slope remains the same. It's summer in the Southern Hemisphere, the days are longer and there's more light. It's winter in the Northern Hemisphere.

Milanković suggested that the tilt of the earth's axis is not always 23.5°. Fluctuations occur from time to time. He calculated that the changes range from 22.1° to 24.5°, repeating over a period of 41,000 years. When the slope is lower, the temperature in summer is lower than usual, and in winter it is higher. As the slope increases, more extreme climate conditions are observed.

How does all this affect the climate? Even as temperatures increase, winter is still cold enough for snow in areas far from the equator. If the summer is cold, then it is possible that snow in high latitudes in winter will also melt more slowly. Year after year it will be layered, forming a glacier.

Compared to water and land, snow reflects more solar energy into space, causing additional cooling. From this point of view, there is a positive feedback mechanism at work here. As temperatures drop, snow additionally accumulates and glaciers increase. Reflection increases over time and temperature decreases, and so on. Perhaps this is how the ice ages began.

Shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun

The second factor Milankovitch studies is the shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. The orbit is not perfectly round. At certain times of the year, the Earth is closer to the Sun than usual. The Earth receives significantly more energy from the Sun when it is as close as possible to the star (at the perihelion point), in comparison with its maximum distance (the aphelion point).

The shape of the Earth's orbit changes cyclically with periods of 90,000 and 100,000 years. Sometimes the shape becomes more elongated (elliptical) than it is now, so the difference in the amount of solar energy received at perihelion and aphelion will be greater.

Perihelion is currently observed in January, aphelion in July. This change makes the climate of the Northern Hemisphere milder, bringing additional warmth in winter. In the Southern Hemisphere, the climate is more severe than it would be if the Earth's orbit around the Sun were circular.

Precession

There is another difficulty. The orientation of the earth's axis changes over time. Like a top, the axis moves in a circle. This movement is called precessional. The cycle of such movement is 22,000 years. This causes the seasons to gradually change. Eleven thousand years ago, the Northern Hemisphere was tilted closer to the sun in December than in June. Winter and summer changed places. 11,000 years later, everything has changed again.

All three factors: axial tilt, orbital shape and precession change the planet's climate. Since this occurs on different time scales, the interaction of these factors is complex. Sometimes they enhance each other's effect, sometimes they weaken each other. For example, 11,000 years ago, precession caused the onset of summer in the Northern Hemisphere in December, the effect of increasing solar radiation at perihelion in January and decreasing at aphelion in July would increase the interseasonal difference in the Northern Hemisphere, instead of the softening we are now accustomed to. Not everything is as simple as it seems, since the dates of perihelion and aphelion also shift.

Other factors influencing climate

Besides the effect of shifting the Earth's motion, are there other factors influencing climate?