List of heroes in the museum on Poklonnaya Hill. Dioramas in the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War

The exposition of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War on Poklonnaya Hill tells about the feat of the Soviet people during the years of the most difficult trials. Back in 1942, the first proposals were made to perpetuate the memory of the heroes by creating a memorial; a competition was announced for the best architectural project, but its time came later. In the 1950s, the authorities granted the request of the front-line soldiers and on February 23, 1958, a memorial sign “A monument to the Victory of the people of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 will be built here” was erected on Poklonnaya Hill.

Only in 1983 was the corresponding Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted, and three years later the Ministry of Culture of the USSR signed an order to create a museum on the territory of the future Victory Park. Direct preparations for the opening of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War began in 1993–1994 with the creation of temporary historical, artistic and military historical exhibitions. The exhibits were received from the funds of the Museum of the Armed Forces, donated by war veterans, and found by search teams at battle sites.

Construction of a museum building. 1991-1993: https://pastvu.com/p/82774 Photo: Yu. Abrosimov

The Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War http://www.poklonnayagora.ru/ was inaugurated on May 9, 1995 in the presence of 55 official delegations from around the world. “The museum is a historical witness of the war that cannot lie. The museum is raising new heroes who will become heirs to the glory and greatness of the country, an endless source of wisdom. The museum shows that a great nation has great people,” US President Bill Clinton wrote in the guest book.

The Hall of Memory and Sorrow is dedicated to the memory of 26 million 600 thousand of our compatriots who died and disappeared. The museum stores about 1,500 volumes of the All-Union Book of Memory, where the name lists of this unique publication, which combines the functions of a reference book and martyrology, contain brief information about the fate of millions of soldiers. The sculptural composition “Sorrow” is made of white marble (sculptor L. Kerbel, marble carvers P. Nosov, I. Kruglov)

In the Hall of Generals there are busts of holders of the Order of Victory, which were awarded to the highest command staff of the Soviet Army (sculptor Z. Tsereteli)

The names of those who were awarded the highest military award - the Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union - are immortalized in the Hall of Fame. In the center is a bronze sculpture “Soldier of Victory” (sculptor V. Znoba). Under the dome of the hall there are bas-reliefs of hero cities.

The military-historical exhibition “Feat and Victory of a Great People” (chief artist - V.M. Glazkov, chief architect - I.Yu. Minakov) opened in 2008 and has more than 6,000 exhibits. The museum presents six dioramas dedicated to the largest military operations of the Great Patriotic War, created by famous masters of the Grekov Studio of War Artists: “Counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow”, “Battle of Stalingrad. Union of Fronts", "Siege of Leningrad", "Battle of Kursk", "Crossing the Dnieper", "Storm of Berlin".

In the late 1930s, European states either watched the militarization of Germany with alarm or made a deal with the devil. Following the participants in the Munich Pact, England and France, the Soviet Union also joined the diplomatic game with Hitler, signing a non-aggression pact. What Ribbentrop's signature is worth under this document will become clear two years later.

Hitler had not previously hidden his claims to world domination and looked carnivorously at the rich eastern expanses, convincing the nation of his superiority over the Slavic peoples. The Soviet Union could only prepare for the inevitable invasion. And the country was being prepared for the inevitability of war. Military maneuvers, civil defense exercises, mass training in Osoaviakhim - all this happened, and it seemed that if tomorrow there was a war, then we would win with little blood, with a mighty blow.

Soviet soldiers and officers had the opportunity to gain combat experience in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, where they fought on the side of the Republican government against the fascist regime of Franco. But local military conflicts did not give a clear picture of the strength of the Red Army. As a result of the Finnish War of 1940, it was possible to move the borders further from Leningrad, but this winter campaign can hardly be called victorious. The Finns fought desperately on their land and found vulnerabilities in the battle formations of the Red Army. The Red Army suffered heavy losses.

On May 1, 1941, a grandiose military parade took place on Red Square with the participation of hundreds of armored vehicles, including heavy tanks and long-range artillery. It seemed that no enemy could resist such power. All the more stunning was the disaster of June 22, when Germany suddenly, without declaring war, invaded the territory of the Soviet Union along its entire western borders. Carrying out the Barbarossa plan, German troops rapidly advanced inland, aiming attacking wedges at Leningrad, Kyiv, and Moscow.

In difficult times. Artist I. Penzov.
In June 1941, the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, headed by Joseph Stalin, and the State Defense Committee were created.

On the Borodino field in 1941. Artist V.Molchanov.
Hitler considered the capture of the capital of the USSR as the main military goal of Operation Barbarossa, but Moscow did not repeat the fate of the European capitals captured by the Nazis. At the cost of huge losses of the Red Army in the battles near Smolensk, they managed to gain time to create new defensive lines. Moscow held out and on December 5, the Soviet command introduced strategic reserves and fresh divisions from Siberia. During the counteroffensive, the Germans were driven back 100-250 kilometers from Moscow. This first great victory in the Great Patriotic War was won under the command of Marshal Georgy Zhukov.

Diorama “Siege of Leningrad”. Artist E.A. Korneev
Having encountered fierce resistance from the defenders of Leningrad and having failed to take the city during the blitzkrieg, the German command changed tactics. On September 8, 1941, Leningrad found itself surrounded by a siege that lasted 872 days.

Artillery shelling and massive bombing destroyed food warehouses, and famine began in a city with a population of three million. With the onset of winter, the water supply and sewage systems froze, and the heating of houses stopped. In the winter of 1941, more than 4,000 residents of Leningrad died every day from hunger and cold.

Children's toys found at the bottom of Lake Ladoga.
Leningraders were evacuated across Lake Ladoga on barges, and in winter across the ice in GAZ-AA and ZIS-5 trucks. Trucks with food and fuel were heading to the besieged city. The Road of Life was covered from air raids by Soviet fighters and anti-aircraft artillery, but Luftwaffe aircraft continued to attack peaceful columns. Only on January 18, 1943, the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts managed to break through the blockade ring, and Leningrad was completely liberated on January 27, 1944.

In the very first weeks of the war, a mass evacuation of industrial enterprises began, along with workers and engineers, from front-line areas to the Urals, Siberia, and Central Asia. Equipment that was not evacuated in time was subject to destruction. In 1941, 2,500 new plants and factories were built in the rear areas, urgently establishing the production of weapons and ammunition, and a year later the Soviet military industry surpassed the German one. Experienced workers who went to the front were replaced by apprentices and women who worked 12-14 hours at the machines.

On June 29, 1941, the Directive of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was issued “On the organization of struggle in the rear of German troops”: “In areas occupied by the enemy, create partisan detachments and sabotage groups to fight units of the enemy army, to incite partisan warfare everywhere, to blow up bridges, roads, damage telephone and telegraph communications, set fire to warehouses, etc. In occupied areas, create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them at every step, disrupt all their activities...” In 1941-1944 Over the years, 6,200 partisan detachments and formations operated in the occupied territory of the USSR.

The main tactical unit was a detachment, usually numbering several dozen people, and later up to 200 or more fighters. During the war, many detachments united into formations numbering from several hundred to several thousand people. Light weapons predominated in armament (machine guns, light machine guns, rifles, carbines, grenades), but many detachments and formations had mortars and heavy machine guns, and some had artillery.

The German army was rushing towards Stalingrad in the hope of capturing a large industrial city and cutting off vital water and land communications. On July 17, 1942, the Battle of Stalingrad began. It was impossible to retreat and Joseph Stalin turned to the Red Army with order No. 227 - “Not a step back!” High-explosive and incendiary bombs burned the city center to the ground, killing 90,000 people, but Stalingrad did not surrender, fighting continued on the city streets, and firing points were installed in buildings and on the territory of factories. Mamayev Kurgan and the railway station changed hands several times. The Stalingrad Tractor Plant continued to build tanks, which were immediately manned and went into battle. On November 19, 1942, the Red Army began its offensive under the code name “Uranus” and a ring closed around the 6th Army of the Wehrmacht. In January 1943, the German troops caught in the “cauldron” were divided into two groups and liquidated, 20 German divisions surrendered. It was a great victory that caused mourning in Germany and rejoicing in England, France, and the USA.

Diorama “Battle of Stalingrad. Uniting fronts." Artists M.I. Samsonov and A.M. Samsonov

Diorama "Battle of Kursk". Artist N.S.Prisekin
In the summer of 1943, the greatest tank battle in history took place near Kursk with the participation of 6,000 combat vehicles. On July 5, 1943, the Wehrmacht command launched the offensive Operation Citadel using the new Panther and Tiger tanks. This operation did not come as a surprise to Headquarters - thanks to the actions of human intelligence, the plan was known two months before the start of the German offensive and Soviet artillery launched a powerful pre-emptive strike on enemy infantry and tanks. Manstein's tanks tried in vain to break into our defenses, and a week later the climax came: on July 12, up to 1,500 tanks fought in an oncoming battle near Prokhorovka. The Wehrmacht offensive stalled and the Soviet command launched several offensive operations in different directions. In honor of the liberation of Orel and Belgorod, on August 5, the first fireworks display during the war years was fired in Moscow.

On the very first day of the war, enemy aircraft bombed the naval bases of the Baltic and Black Sea fleets. The sailors selflessly defended their bases in the Baltic, but in August 1941 they were forced to withdraw from Tallinn to Kronstadt. The Germans actually blocked the fairway, placing 21,000 mines and powerful mine-netted anti-submarine barriers in the Gulf of Finland. Submarines and torpedo boats went on missions, but suffered heavy losses. Under these conditions, Soviet naval artillery was installed on coastal batteries, and sailors fought on land. The Black Sea Fleet participated in the defense of Odessa (1941) and Sevastopol (1941-1942), and landing operations on the coast. During the war years, the Black Sea troops sank and damaged 508 enemy ships and vessels, the marines defended Odessa and Stalingrad, Novorossiysk and Kerch.

Pe-2 dive bombers. Artist A. Ananyev
On June 22, 1941, Luftwaffe bombers and attack aircraft destroyed 800 Soviet aircraft at airfields in a surprise attack and gained air superiority. But the Germans underestimated the skill and courage of the pilots, who took on an unequal battle on aircraft that were inferior in flight characteristics. Already in 1942, the USSR produced more aircraft than Germany. Ural factories sent new aircraft to the front, developed by aircraft designers Yakovlev, Lavochkin, and Ilyushin. The most popular aircraft in the Soviet Air Force during the Great Patriotic War were the Il-2 attack aircraft and the Yak-1 fighter. The heroes of the battle in the air were Ivan Kozhedub, who shot down 62 enemy aircraft, and Alexander Pokryshkin, who scored 59 victories.

Diorama "Forcing of the Dnieper". Artist V.K.Dmitrievsky
After the Battle of Kursk, the next task was the liberation of the industrial regions of Ukraine. On August 26, 1943, Soviet divisions launched an offensive along the entire 1,400-kilometer front stretching from Smolensk to the Sea of ​​Azov. The German armies fought their way back to the Dnieper, where the fortifications of the Eastern Wall were being built. The advanced rifle units of the Red Army crossed the river without delay, suffered heavy losses under enemy fire, but were able to gain a foothold on the right bank. The battles for the conquered bridgeheads continued throughout the fall, while Headquarters brought up reserves. The supply of German troops, on the contrary, was worsened by the “Rail War”, which was waged by partisan detachments that blew up enemy trains with ammunition and reinforcements. On November 6, 1943, during the Kyiv offensive operation, the capital of Ukraine was liberated.

In the summer of 1944, the offensive Operation Bagration, which was carefully planned and unexpected for the enemy, was carried out, Belarus and the Baltic states were liberated, the Red Army reached the pre-war borders of the USSR, and the liberation of Europe from Nazi occupation began. On January 27, 1945, the Soviet Army liberated the Auschwitz concentration camp during the Vistula-Oder offensive operation. Of the 7,000 death camps established by the Nazis, Auschwitz was the largest. It is not possible to establish the number of victims of mass executions - the Germans did not count people, but trains with prisoners arriving at the camp. At least one and a half million people were sent to gas chambers.

The Second World War was the largest armed conflict in human history, with 62 states participating in the war to varying degrees. The main allies of the USSR in the anti-Hitler coalition were the USA and the British Empire. Under the Lend-Lease program, a large amount of military equipment, cars, food, steel, and explosives were supplied to the USSR. On June 6, 1944, the Allies landed troops in Normandy and began the liberation of France, forcing Germany to fight on two fronts.

Diorama "Storm of Berlin". Artist V.M.Sibirsky
On April 25, 1945, a ring closed around Berlin. In preparation for the offensive of the Red Army, the Germans turned the capital of the Third Reich into a fortress with 400 reinforced concrete bunkers, firing points in residential buildings, and strong air defense. Soviet tanks on city streets became targets for faustpatrons - disposable dynamo-reactive grenade launchers. The Red Army advanced in assault groups consisting of a rifle company, several tanks and self-propelled guns, sappers and artillery. On April 30, the first floors of the German parliament building, the Reichstag, were taken, which was defended by a garrison of 5,000 SS troops. Early in the morning of May 1, Mikhail Egorov, Meliton Kantaria and Alexey Berest hoisted the assault flag of the 150th Infantry Division over the Reichstag, which later became the main symbol of Victory.

On the evening of May 8, the war ended with the unconditional surrender of Germany.

The standards of the German divisions - trophies of the Soviet Army - were delivered to Moscow and thrown at the foot of the Mausoleum during the historical Victory Parade on June 24, 1945.

Victory Day is a celebration of the victory of the Soviet people over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on May 8, 1945 and celebrated annually on May 9. Since 1965, the day became a non-working day, and then the tradition of holding military parades on Victory Day arose. In post-Soviet times, parades involving military equipment and aircraft resumed in 2008.

HALL OF MEMORY AND GRIEF

The Hall of Memory and Sorrow perpetuates the memory of almost 27 million of our compatriots who died defending the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

In the hall there is a sculptural group “Sorrow”, personifying in the form of a woman all the mothers, wives, sisters and daughters mourning those killed during the war. The sculpture is made of white Koelga marble, mined in the Urals, Chelyabinsk region. The author of the work is sculptor, Hero of Socialist Labor, People's Artist of the USSR, professor L.E. Kerbel.

The “Books of Memory” are kept in the display cases, where the names of soldiers and officers who died during the war are listed.

The All-Russian Book of Memory of Soldiers Who Died in Defense of the Fatherland was created in accordance with the requirements of the Law of the Russian Federation of January 11, 1993. “On perpetuating the memory of those killed in defense of the Fatherland” and other regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The heads of administrations of republics, territories, regions, autonomous entities, the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, the Federal Border Service, military commissariats, and the All-Russian Research Institute took an active and direct part in the creation of the Book of Memory documentation and archival affairs, central and regional archives, research center "Destiny", International Association of Peace Foundations and the Russian Peace Foundation, youth search teams and groups, All-Russian and regional councils of war veterans, labor, Armed forces and law enforcement agencies, Russian Committee war veterans and their local organizations, United, All-Russian and regional editorial boards of the Book of Memory, methodological centers and working groups, groups of authors, Military publishing house and regional publishing houses, Institute of Military History, Russian Orthodox Church and other state and public organizations.

Paying tribute to the dead, month after month, year after year, thousands of our citizens of different generations worked and continue to work with great effort, contributing to the preparation and publication of the Books of Memory.

Under the ceiling of the hall there are 2 million 600 thousand bronze pendants with crystal “tears”, symbolizing grief for the dead.

On bronze plaques placed around the Hall of Memory and Sorrow, the names of the associations and formations that participated in the Great Patriotic War are given, according to their status as of October 1945.

The military formations include the Main Directional Commands, fronts, fleets, armies, flotillas, brigade corps and divisions of the first and subsequent formations of the Red Army and NKVD troops, as well as mechanized corps of the first formation, five aviation regiments, including four women's, and foreign military formations that took part in hostilities on the Soviet-German front. In addition to divisions, the Navy includes brigades of submarines, surface ships and marines that were part of the fleets, and the NKVD troops include brigades of Government Communications and Border Districts. All military formations are arranged by type of Armed Forces, military number or alphabet. The list of military formations that were part of the Active Army during the Great Patriotic War (1,622 names) was approved by the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on October 13, 1994.

The museum's exhibition features six dioramas dedicated to the largest military operations of the Great Patriotic War, created by famous masters of the Studio of Military Artists named after. M.B.Grekova.

"Counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow in December 1941."

The plot of the diorama "Counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow in December 1941" is based on the plot. (author - People's Artist of the Russian Federation E.I. Danilevsky) based on the events that took place in November - December 1941, 60-70 km northwest of Moscow, in the area of ​​​​the city of Yakhroma, Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow and Ural units, which arrived to replenish the 1st th Shock Army of the Western Front.

As a result of the winter counter-offensive of the Red Army, the plan of the Hitlerite command to capture Moscow from the north-western direction was thwarted, the enemy was driven back from Moscow 100-250 km. The direct threat of capturing the capital was eliminated.

The antechamber of the diorama is decorated with a painting by E.I. Danilevsky "Moscow. November 1941", complementing the theme of the battle for Moscow.

"Battle of Stalingrad. Union of fronts"

The plot of the diorama (authors: People's Artist of the Russian Federation M.I. Samsonov, Honored Artist A.M. Samsonov) is based on a historical event - the unification of the troops of the South-Western and Stalingrad fronts on November 23, 1942 in the area of ​​​​Kalach and the village of Sovetsky. The artists showed the climax of the meeting between tankers of the 45th and 69th tank brigades of the 4th Tank Corps (commander Major General A.G. Kravchenko) with soldiers of the 36th mechanized brigade of the 4th Mechanized Corps (commander Major General V. T. Volsky). In the foreground is a German soldier with a machine gun, who found himself in the location of Soviet units - on his face there is mortal fatigue from long battles.

The Battle of Stalingrad, in which more than 2 million people participated on both sides, took place on an area of ​​100,000 square meters. km and lasted 200 days and nights. The Battle of Stalingrad marked the beginning of a radical change in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. in favor of the USSR and its allies.

"Leningrad blockade"

This diorama (author - laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation, artist E.A. Korneev) is fundamentally different from others: there are no battles, soldiers, tanks, or gunpowder smoke. The viewer sees a panorama of the Neva, the spit of Vasilievsky Island, the Peter and Paul Fortress, on the right - the Griboyedov Canal, the Bank Bridge. This view does not correspond to the actual topography, it is deliberately cropped to create an image of the Great City, which is perceived as a symbol of the fortitude and heroism of the people who defended it, enduring 900 days of grueling siege.

On the side walls of the diorama hall there are depictions of Leningraders who heroically defended their city. Among them are the poetess Olga Bergolts, composer Dmitry Shostakovich, and writer Alexander Kron.

In a mortal battle with a cruel enemy, having overcome the most difficult difficulties of the blockade, the Leningraders survived and won. On January 27, 1944, the sky over the wide snow-covered Neva was lit up with colored fireworks in honor of the complete lifting of the siege of Leningrad. This episode is depicted on the diorama's antechamber wall.

"Battle of Kursk"

The plot of the diorama (author - People's Artist of the Russian Federation N.S. Prisekin) is based on the historical events of the summer of 1943, which completed a radical turning point in the course of the Great Patriotic War - the defeat of selected Nazi troops on the Kursk Bulge.

Dedicating his work to the strategic operation on the Kursk Bulge, the author takes only one day of it - July 12, 1943, when two tank armadas met in a head-on battle in the Prokhorovka area. There were up to 1,200 tanks and self-propelled artillery units on both sides. This was one of the largest tank encounters of World War II. According to the artist himself, he sought to reproduce “a gigantic fiery cauldron on the red-red earth, like hot metal.”

The battle of Prokhorovka was won by Soviet troops. The enemy was exhausted and bleeding, and his retreat began throughout the Kursk ledge. On August 5, in honor of the liberation of Orel and Belgorod, the first fireworks display was fired in Moscow. The Battle of Kursk ended on August 23, 1943 with the capture of Kharkov.

"Forcing of the Dnieper"

The plot of the diorama (author - People's Artist of the Russian Federation V.K. Dmitrievsky) is based on the crossing of the Dnieper River in September - October 1943 in the Kiev direction. Having reached the Dnieper, Soviet troops immediately began crossing the mighty river. Using any available means, overcoming the fierce resistance of the enemy, units of the Red Army crossed the Dnieper and captured bridgeheads on its right bank.

By the wide expanse of the majestic Dnieper, the diorama seems to be divided into two parts. On the left, illuminated by bright sunlight, the Dnieper distances are depicted. From there, from the east, comes the light of hope of liberation. But the closer to the west, the darker the tones become. Pictures of life and death are mixed up: there is a life-and-death battle for every inch of land. The author of the diorama, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, considers this crossing a generalized image of all Dnieper crossings. It pays tribute to the memory and respect of those who fought, were wounded or died in the battle of crossing the great and mighty river.

"Storm of Berlin"

The north-eastern part of Tiergarten Park with the Reichstag was chosen as the main compositional center of the diorama (author - People's Artist of the Russian Federation V.M. Sibirsky). Here on April 29, 1945, having broken the resistance of the Nazi troops, the advanced units of the 79th Rifle Corps of the 3rd Shock Army - the 150th Rifle Division of Major General V.M. Shatilov and the 171st Rifle Division of Colonel A.I. Bad things. The artist reproduces not only the final stage of the war, but also individual heroic deeds of Soviet soldiers. In the trench we see Colonel F.M. Zinchenko with Sergeant M.A. Egorov and junior sergeant M.V. Kantaria, in the hands of one of them is the Victory Banner, which in the early evening of April 30 will be armed on the roof of the Reichstag. In total, Soviet soldiers installed more than 50 banners and flags on the Reichstag.

On May 1, 1945, units of the 3rd Shock and 8th Guards armies stormed the Reichstag. On May 2, by 3 p.m., enemy resistance had completely ceased, and the remnants of the Berlin garrison surrendered. On the night of May 9, in the Berlin suburb of Karlshorst, the act of unconditional surrender of Germany was signed.

Dedicated to the largest military operations of the Great Patriotic War, created by famous masters of the Studio of Military Artists named after. M.B.Grekova.

2. I invite you to look at fragments of the dioramas of the Museum of the Great Patriotic War.

3. “Counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow in December 1941.”
The plot of the diorama “Counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow in December 1941” is based on the plot. (author - People's Artist of the Russian Federation E.I. Danilevsky) based on the events that took place in November - December 1941, 60-70 km northwest of Moscow, in the area of ​​​​the city of Yakhroma, Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow and Ural units, which arrived to replenish the 1st th Shock Army of the Western Front.

4. As a result of the winter counter-offensive of the Red Army, the plan of the Hitlerite command to capture Moscow from the north-western direction was thwarted, the enemy was driven back from Moscow 100-250 km. The direct threat of capturing the capital was eliminated.

5. “Siege of Leningrad”
This diorama (author - laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation, artist E.A. Korneev) is fundamentally different from others: there are no battles, soldiers, tanks, or gunpowder smoke. The viewer sees a panorama of the Neva, the spit of Vasilievsky Island, the Peter and Paul Fortress, on the right - the Griboyedov Canal, the Bank Bridge. This view does not correspond to the actual topography, but is deliberately cropped to create an image of the Great City, which is perceived as a symbol of the fortitude and heroism of the people who defended it, enduring 900 days of grueling siege.

6. In a mortal battle with a cruel enemy, having overcome the most difficult difficulties of the blockade, the Leningraders survived and won.

7.

8.

9. On January 27, 1944, the sky above the wide snow-covered Neva was lit up with colored fireworks in honor of the complete lifting of the blockade of Leningrad.

10. “Battle of Stalingrad. Connecting Fronts"
The plot of the diorama (authors: People's Artist of the Russian Federation M.I. Samsonov, Honored Artist A.M. Samsonov) is based on a historical event - the unification of the troops of the South-Western and Stalingrad fronts on November 23, 1942 in the area of ​​​​Kalach and the village of Sovetsky.

11.

12. The artists showed the climax of the meeting between tankers of the 45th and 69th tank brigades of the 4th tank corps (commander Major General A.G. Kravchenko) with soldiers of the 36th mechanized brigade of the 4th mechanized corps (commander Major General V.T. Volsky).

13. The Battle of Stalingrad, in which more than 2 million people participated on both sides, took place on an area of ​​100,000 square meters. km and lasted 200 days and nights. The Battle of Stalingrad marked the beginning of a radical change in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. in favor of the USSR and its allies.

14. “Battle of Kursk”
The plot of the diorama (author - People's Artist of the Russian Federation N.S. Prisekin) is based on the historical events of the summer of 1943, which completed a radical turning point in the course of the Great Patriotic War - the defeat of selected Nazi troops on the Kursk Bulge.

15. Dedicating his work to the strategic operation on the Kursk Bulge, the author takes only one day of it - July 12, 1943, when two tank armadas met in a head-on battle in the Prokhorovka area. There were up to 1,200 tanks and self-propelled artillery units on both sides.

16. This was one of the largest tank encounters of World War II. According to the artist himself, he sought to reproduce “a gigantic fiery cauldron on the red-red earth, like hot metal.”

17. The battle of Prokhorovka was won by Soviet troops. The enemy was exhausted and bleeding, and his retreat began throughout the Kursk ledge.

18. On August 5, in honor of the liberation of Orel and Belgorod, the first fireworks display was fired in Moscow. The Battle of Kursk ended on August 23, 1943 with the capture of Kharkov.

19. “Forcing of the Dnieper”
The plot of the diorama (author - People's Artist of the Russian Federation V.K. Dmitrievsky) is based on the crossing of the Dnieper River in September - October 1943 in the Kiev direction. Having reached the Dnieper, Soviet troops immediately began crossing the mighty river. Using any available means, overcoming the fierce resistance of the enemy, units of the Red Army crossed the Dnieper and captured bridgeheads on its right bank.

20. There is a life-and-death battle for every inch of land. The author of the diorama, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, considers this crossing a generalized image of all Dnieper crossings.

21. It pays tribute to the memory and respect of those who fought, were wounded or fell in the battle of crossing the great and mighty river.

22. "Storm of Berlin"
The north-eastern part of Tiergarten Park with the Reichstag was chosen as the main compositional center of the diorama (author - People's Artist of the Russian Federation V.M. Sibirsky).

23. Here on April 29, 1945, having broken the resistance of the Nazi troops, the advanced units of the 79th Rifle Corps of the 3rd Shock Army - the 150th Rifle Division of Major General V.M. Shatilov and the 171st Rifle Division of Colonel A.I. Bad things.

24. The artist reproduces not only the final stage of the war, but also individual heroic exploits of Soviet soldiers.

25. In total, Soviet soldiers installed more than 50 banners and flags at the Reichstag.

26. In the trench we see Colonel F.M. Zinchenko with Sergeant M.A. Egorov and junior sergeant M.V. Kantaria, in the hands of one of them is the Victory Banner, which in the early evening of April 30 will be armed on the roof of the Reichstag.

27. On May 1, 1945, units of the 3rd Shock and 8th Guards armies stormed the Reichstag. On May 2, by 3 p.m., enemy resistance had completely ceased, and the remnants of the Berlin garrison surrendered. On the night of May 9, in the Berlin suburb of Karlshorst, the act of unconditional surrender of Germany was signed.

Dedicated to the heroism of the people in the fight against the Nazi occupiers, it arose back in the 50s of the twentieth century. At that time, monuments to victorious heroes and dedicated to the theme of the bloody war already existed in almost every city, including Moscow, but in most cases they all reflected one or another local military events. The resolution on the construction of a central memorial complex, embodying the people's memory of the Great Patriotic War, was adopted in 1983. The Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 opened to the public in 1995. Since 2017 it has been called Victory Museum .

The museum has three main exhibition rooms - the Halls of Generals, Glory, Memory and Sorrow. Hall of Generals dedicated to the marshals and generals who led the fighting and developed plans for the battles that turned the tide of the war. There are bronze busts of outstanding commanders and works of art dedicated to the theme of Victory.

IN Hall of Fame exhibits have been collected that tell about the unparalleled heroism of ordinary people who defended their homeland. On its walls you can see the names of 11,800 Heroes of the Soviet Union. The aesthetic center of the exhibition is a sculptural image of a victorious soldier.

Hall of Memory and Sorrow reminds us that the war was a national tragedy that required considerable sacrifices. The hall's lamps are made in the shape of remembrance candles, and unceasing mourning music sounds under its arches.

The course of the largest battles of the bloodiest war in human history is clearly illustrated in six extensive dioramas. The “Path to Victory” collection contains relics of the war years - documents, letters, uniforms, weapons, posters, war newsreels. The museum presents an extensive exhibition of military equipment, both domestic and captured. Interestingly, one of the military aircraft, the U-2, is still capable of taking off.

An important part of the museum's research work is Book of Memory. This is a unique martyrological reference book, created in accordance with the principle “No one is forgotten.” It included lists of names of soldiers and officers who took part in the battles for the liberation of their country, died or went missing. The most complete information about the fate of military units and military field hospitals, mass and individual graves of participants in combat operations is also collected here. Currently, the Book of Memory has been translated into electronic format. Both organizations and individuals can contact the historical department of the museum for information and historical information about war participants.

The museum hosts numerous events of an informational and patriotic nature - excursions, theme evenings, lectures, educational games and quizzes for children.