Russian folk tales about envy. Christian motives of literary fairy tales by A.S.

The Russian folk tale is part of people's life, it contains all the aspirations, thoughts, dreams and aspirations of the Russian people, it contains the centuries-old history of Russia, its struggle against foreign invaders. Who did not grow up on our kind, smart fairy tales, who did not absorb from them the entire storehouse of folk wisdom. No wonder Pushkin said: “A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it! A lesson to good fellows." And if a fairy tale is conveyed by a great master of words, it is already a different genre - a literary fairy tale. The literary fairy tale, of course, adopted the traditions of oral folk art: threefold repetitions, constant epithets, beginnings and endings. But for the artist there is another flight of fancy, other images, other fabulous material. Since childhood, we have been familiar with the literary fairy tales of Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Ershov.

But I would like to talk about the features of the good fairy tales of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. They contain the spirit of our homeland, Ancient Orthodox Rus', with golden domes and domes, with red ringing domes (that’s what Moscow bell ringers called the wondrous ringing: “red” originally meant “beautiful”). The dear Russian language of Pushkin’s fairy tales is incredibly rich! The poetry of fairy tales in Rus' spread from old nannies, such as Arina Rodionovna, whom Pushkin loved with filial love and tenderly sang in verse. Students at school, of course, are familiar with the fairy tales of A.S. Pushkin. Their parents introduced them to them; the children know by heart many lines from Pushkin’s fairy tales

“What a delight these fairy tales are! Each is a poem! - Pushkin exclaimed. Under his brilliant pen, Nanny’s fairy tales turned into melodious poetic lines:

Hello, my handsome prince!
Why are you as quiet as a stormy day?
Sad about what? –
She tells him.

The stars shine in the blue sky,
The waves are lashing in the blue sea.

Of course, fairy tales are fiction, but there is something in them that does not exist in the world. Magic and fantasy, fascinating to our imagination, are miraculously intertwined with the very real truth of spiritual life - fairy-tale characters feel and think as if they were alive.

All fairy tales, including literary ones, teach the eternal truths of life - love and justice, courage in confronting evil. They reveal hidden evil, which, as in life, appears in a beautiful seductive shell.

During an extracurricular reading lesson, I would like to focus on Pushkin’s fairy tale, in which Pushkin’s human genius is especially manifested. Take, for example, “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel,” which has a lot of mysterious and deep meaning. Let us pay attention to how Pushkin describes the first appearance of the beautiful Shamakhan queen: in front of the tent “the beloved army lies” and. two murdered sons of the king himself. You involuntarily expect the appearance of Kashchei the Immortal or the Serpent Gorynych. The canopy swung open, suddenly

...And the girl,
Shamakhan queen,
All shining like the dawn,
She met the king quietly.
Like a bird of the night before the sun,
The king fell silent, looking into her eyes,
And he forgot in front of her
Death of both sons...
...Submiting to her unconditionally,
Bewitched, delighted,
Dodon feasted with her.

And the retribution is death. Everything is the same in life if you do not listen to your conscience, which will show you the path to a righteous life. Pushkin did not say who killed the sons of King Dodon, but he hints - think about it, he forced him to reveal the deep meaning of the fairy tale himself, Dodon rushed to the Shamakhan queen, but the road to her passed through the corpses of his sons. The power of passion “carries” him, he is its slave. The fairy tale makes you think, look into yourself, and get rid of the sinful passions that nest in people. .You involuntarily ask yourself the question: can beauty be evil? The evil stepmother who poisoned the princess in “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights” was a beauty. The Shamakhan queen killed the king with her beauty. Let us note that the queen herself does not commit bad deeds and there is nothing to convict her of: she did not kill the king’s sons. What gives it away is that when the king killed the astrologer, the queen laughed, but at whom?

The entire capital
She shuddered, and the girl -
Hee-hee-hee yes ha-ha-ha!
Not afraid, you know, of sin!
The king, although he was greatly alarmed,
He smiled at her affectionately.

The fact that the queen is a sinner is expressed in the fairy tale by the people and the author. Pushkin makes you think about what the queen’s sin is: laughter or hidden murder? Sin is the impurity of the soul, the violation of the commandments of love for God and people. Man is given a conscience that should torment him. Pushkin truthfully reveals sin: evil forces seduce a person, and then mock, celebrating their victory over the perishing. The queen's gentle seductiveness is insidious; evil is hidden behind it. What is it? And in the seduction of the queen, and the king could not resist these temptations, he commits murder, breaking his promise. Perhaps the king was pricked by his conscience if he nevertheless became alarmed. Pushkin ends the tale with the death of King Dodon in order to “hint” the reader that sin is death in the literal sense

External beauty does not always coincide with internal beauty. “All that glitters is not gold,” says popular wisdom. Beauty is strength, power, more powerful than that of a king. But it can be directed for good and for evil. In Pushkin’s fairy tale, it does not lead to peace, to the structure of the family, and therefore is a crushing fatal force. In Russian fairy tales, evil is punishable; in Pushkin’s fairy tale, there is also fair retribution: the golden cockerel and the Shamakhan queen disappeared like witchcraft.

Pushkin’s clever fairy tales teach you to understand life in all its complexity, reveal feelings and thoughts invisible to the eye, help you become wiser, if, of course, you strive to delve into and comprehend every word with all your heart and mind. In poetry, thought and feeling seem to be compressed: every poetic word has a lot of meaning, “a hint to good fellows.” In fifth grade we study “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights,” but now it is perceived somewhat differently. “On Christmas Eve, on the very night, God gives the queen a daughter.” And what can compare with the Almighty’s Christmas gift for loving parents? Probably, the holiness and moral purity of the princess is connected with the Christmas holiday, but the cup of suffering that she is destined to drink is also connected with it. The princess, “of such a meek nature,” acquired a mortal enemy - an evil stepmother. And there is a reason - envy. The Bible says that “through the envy of the devil death entered the world.” You often hear the following expressions: “died of envy”, “burst of envy”. There is no cure for such an illness; mental illness cannot be cured with pills. In “The Tale of the Dead Princess” she reveals this truth of life - death from the sin of evil envy and resurrection by the power of true love (“Then her melancholy took over, and the queen died”). And true love is saving; it is precisely this kind of love that Pushkin sang in his work. Since ancient times, Orthodox Rus' lived in God and taught its people to keep God’s commandments - they were captured in Pushkin’s wise fairy tales...

In every literary fairy tale, the inner world of the author is imperceptibly revealed, regardless of its content. The author's fairy tale does not use traditional expressive and visual means, but rather has an individual style, the “creative handwriting” of the writer. They can be poetic, like Pushkin’s, and prosaic, but they can also be magical, conventionally everyday (novelistic), magically everyday (A. Pogorelsky. “The Black Hen”). It was the author's imagination, his ideas about good and evil that created the special world of a literary fairy tale. And Pushkin’s fairy tale is the best confirmation of this.

By reading the fairy tales of A.S. Pushkin, the child begins to comprehend Christian commandments and learns to understand life in all its diversity. The teacher teaches children to strive not for quick reading, but for a depth of understanding of what they read. As mentioned above, a fifth grader begins to learn kindness by reading the lines of “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights.” The poet reveals the truth of life: it is in love, the sincere power of which can be resurrected:

...Ah!...and they both burst into tears:
He takes it in his hands
And brings light from darkness

The power of selfless love in A.S. Pushkin’s fairy tale works wonders, while envy and anger poison the evil stepmother. The teacher engages the students in a conversation about how they understand such character traits of the princess as “a gentle disposition.” True love is saving; it “does not get angry, does not think evil, does not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices with the truth...” (words of the Apostle Paul,

Think, says the teacher, have you ever offended your loved ones or nature? How can you neutralize evil? Therefore, hurry up to do good.

We need to be kinder. How hard is it
Learn momentary kindness
Don’t give in to a small flash of will,
Rather forget the grief of evil,
To think that you are not an angel either,
Not towards others, always be stricter towards yourself,
It's not easy to envy fate.
We must learn to remember old age,
Understand and appreciate her fatigue
And don’t think that you have enough worries
The neighbor has a little less than you.

So, guys, hurry up to do good!

The teacher suggests recalling Pushkin’s “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”:

What expression became popular in her?

Why was the old woman punished for being left with a broken trough?

Teacher: The old woman’s greed comes from her proud character. Pride is the original sin, it gives rise to all others

So what virtues does Pushkin talk about in “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”? I would like you to write them down.

What do you know about other human sins?

Teacher: Any sin penetrates the mind, soul and body of a person. Even in ancient times, such people were called “possessed.”

Try to reveal their deep moral meaning in other Pushkin fairy tales.

As a result, the children are convinced that all Pushkin’s fairy tales are imbued with Christian motifs.

Lesson topic: “Envy”

“Envy is admitting defeat”

Goal: to reveal the concept of “envy”, to cultivate in children the ability to rejoice in the successes of people around them.

Correction of speech and memory of children.

Progress of the lesson:

1. Organizational moment.

Guys, from the first minute of our lives we have been among people. Every year we grow older, and our circle of contacts expands. And sometimes it can be so difficult to understand human relationships. And the extent to which each of us manages to preserve the human in us determines what our life will be like.

Guys! At the beginning of our hour of communication, you are invited to watch a small dramatization of Tolstoy’s story “Lightning and the Sun.”

Lightning asked the Sun:

M. Tell me, why do people love you more than me, because I’m also very bright?

S. They love warmth and affection - answered the Sun

M. – There’s also a lot of heat from my fires, but that doesn’t suit them

S. The whole point is that the goodness in your soul is only enough for a short flash. And all the troubles come from envy.

So, guys, today we will devote our conversation to the interesting question “What is envy?”

Tell me, which of the participants in the story do you sympathize with? (who liked it). Why?

What is the main idea of ​​the story?

How do you understand the meaning of the word “envy”.

(children speak out)

In Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary Envy is a feeling of frustration caused by the success of another.

Guys, what do you think people might be jealous of??

(children's answers)

-Have you ever been jealous?

(difficult to answer immediately)

Yes, it’s not easy to decide to answer this question, because admitting that you envy means agreeing that the other person is better. But everyone, without exception, is jealous. Envy arises when you compare yourself to someone else. And in life there is always someone more beautiful, stronger, smarter, richer.

Let's remember Pushkin's fairy tale “About the Fisherman and the Fish”. Guys, do you think there is envy in this fairy tale?

Yes, the old woman kept comparing herself with those who were richer and envied them.

What did the old woman's envy lead to? (back to nothing)

What other fairy tales do you know in which envy is manifested?

Cinderella, Frost, etc.

Well done, you read a lot and know fairy tales.

So, we have found out that the object of envy is a person who has something that you don’t have.

Guys, think about it: is envy a positive feeling or a negative one?

Why?

The person becomes embittered and tries to do something to make the object of envy fail. This envy provokes wars, squabbles and leads to death.

You often have guests from church. Remember, they talked about the main biblical commandments, one of which is do not envy. Tragedies happen because of envy.

(now let's watch a presentation about two brothers Cain and Abel).

The Russian people devoted a lot of attention to this feeling in literary genres

Krylov’s fable “The Frog and the Ox” tells how a frog saw a huge ox and immediately wanted to be as tall as him. She began to puff up with all her might—to puff up. (Here’s how the author writes about it:

Puffed and puffed

And my idea ended with

That, not being equal to Vol,

It burst with effort and died.

Guys, what is this fable about?

What does this have to do with a frog?

Was the frog able to achieve what he wanted?

What conclusion did you draw for yourself?

And another person can fly apart like that,

Chasing someone else's success, wallet or fame,

Don't be a fool - envy less and live within your means.

Guys, by envying other people, do we become better or worse?

Never show envious people that their envy bothers you. You just don't accept his envy. It's like a gift from a bad person, if you don't accept it, then who will have that gift? The same thing happens with envy. Just keep your distance from such people.

Now I suggest you relax a little and listen to Rosenbaum’s song “Envy.” At the beginning of the song, we will all stand up and stretch our legs and toes a little ( let's stomp our feet- imagine that we are trampling on our envy, bend your fingers- imagine that we are suppressing our envy, let's push off palms - we drive away our envy)

The song "Envy" is playing

The Russian people have created many proverbs and sayings:

He who desires someone else's will lose his own

The evil one cries out of envy, and the good one out of pity.

Where there is happiness, there is envy.

(task to fold them).

And now guys, I want you and me to read a fairy tale about envy, it’s called “About the Grain.”

Text of a fairy tale for children. Reading

What is this fairy tale about? The boy Igor did not wish good for anyone else, but only for himself.

Everything that a person puts his soul into warms with its warmth - it gives results and makes a person worthy.

The girl Vasilisa invited her friends - she wished well not for herself, but for everyone. She invited real friends who could be happy for her.

A strong and intelligent person will direct his envy in the right direction. Envy will only push him to make efforts to achieve the same success, and maybe become better.

And to get rid of envy

Develop good qualities in yourself - kindness, patience, respect

Work hard to achieve your goal

Rejoice in the success of your friends and classmates

Parable of the Wolf:

An old Indian tells his grandson:

There is a struggle inside every person, very similar to the struggle of two wolves.

One wolf represents evil - envy, jealousy, evil

Another wolf represents goodness, peace

The grandson thought for a moment, and then asked:

Which wolf wins?

The wolf you feed always wins.

It all depends on you, which path you choose - become embittered by envy or use it as an impetus to achieve your goal.

What did we talk about in class today?

(envy is a bad feeling, do not envy, be able to rejoice in the success of others)

I hope that envy and anger will not settle in your soul.

You will all become good, non-envious people.

There are many envious people in our lives. It also happens that people rise above envy and do not allow it to do its unclean deeds. It’s good that the animal world is not familiar with such a feeling as envy. A fairy tale will tell us about envious people and envy...

“The Tale of How Mitrofan Envyed Ivan”
Author of the tale: Iris Review

Neighbors Ivan and Mitrofan were listed as friends. In the year in question, Ivan’s wheat grew well. Mitrofan envied his neighbor.

It looks like they dug the ground together and the seeds are the same. But Ivan’s wheat is golden and smiling, while Mitrofan’s is stumpy and angry, as if someone had offended it.

Mitrofan completely hung his head. And then evil Envy advised him that a harmful insect should be planted in Ivan’s wheat. If an insect eats a little wheat from a neighbor, it will be the same for everyone.

As it got dark, Mitrofan launched an insect into the neighbor's wheat. The golden color began to hurt and disappear. And not only Ivan. The harmful insect also spread to Mitrofan's wheat. And then further, to other areas.

Mitrofan's unreasonable actions brought many troubles. And the reason for this is burning envy. She brings a lot of adversity.

Mitrofan’s soul was not entirely callous. He obeyed Ivan. But he didn’t hold a grudge. And so the neighbors treated the fields together with a special solution. And they replanted the wheat. New wheat has grown.

Envy could not destroy human relationships.

Questions for the fairy tale “How Mitrofan envied Ivan”

Why did Mitrofan envy Ivan?

Do you think envy is a destructive feeling or a creative one?

Who advised Mitrofan to commit a bad deed?

How do you understand the expression “hard soul”?

Did you envy your friend?

In one place, I won’t say where exactly, long ago or recently, two boys lived - Vanya and Sanya.
Vanya grew up as a mischievous boy: if he sees a neighbor’s toy, he will definitely take it away; if he hears the guys blowing a whistle, he will take it away; if he smells the smell of a sandwich, he will take it away without hesitation... Vanya could not pass by what he did not have, he immediately began to envy and wanted to take it for himself.
All the children did not like Vanya, but they didn’t want to get involved with him either, they were simply disgusted.
Sanya was completely different. If he likes the toy, he will make the same one for himself, and even better; He will hear the whistling of a whistle, he will whine a pipe; smells something delicious, cooks it even tastier, and treats others too. The children adored Sanya and were friends with him, but no one hung around with Vanya.
Vanya was jealous of seeing such a picture; he wanted everyone to be friends with him and to envy him.
Once Sanya saw how children folded paper airplanes and launched them into the sky, but they quickly fell to the ground. Sanya scratched his head and...made a paper kite, tied a thread to it, and the kite rose higher than the roof of the tallest house, and Vanya was right there - he tore the thread out of Sanya’s hands and let it flow. He ran up to the guys and said, out of breath: “Look what I made for you!!! Anyone who wants to fly a kite gives me their airplane for it, and those who don’t have it, let them envy me!!!”
The children, without regret, gave him all their airplanes and went to Sanya, to help him build a new kite to fly it all together... And Sanya is already waiting for them with a new craft - a large balloon, which he built from cellophane and filled with steam from a hot kettle, so that he rose higher than the serpent. Out of envy, Vanya broke the snake into pieces...
And so it went on day after day, year after year. If Sanya sees something that he wants, he will want it so much that he will do it even better. This desire helped Sanya in everything: in studies, in friendship, in sports and in music, and the way he danced was simply a sight for sore eyes. And when he became an adult, this desire came in handy in his work. Vanya continued to enjoy the fruits of Sanya’s labors, but could not succeed in anything - after all, it was all at the expense of someone else.
So what kind of Desire did Sanya have? After all, like Vanya, he wanted to have something that he didn’t have? So that means he was jealous too? Here many children will shake their heads negatively and say, as their fathers and mothers taught them, that this is not envy at all. So what is it? Of course, envy... “But of course,” the children will say, “after all, our parents taught us that envy is bad. They told us about White and even Black Envy and taught us not to envy.”
But look at Sanya! Envy helped him, but Vanya did not. This means that Envy can be useful. You just need to learn how to use it correctly!!! Sanya knew how, but Vanya didn’t...
I would like to use Envy like the boy named Sanya did! And I wouldn’t want to, like a boy named Vanya!
What about you, children?