Teacher Universities. Scenario for a series dedicated to the victims of the Chernobyl accident

Scenario of the event dedicated to the Chernobyl tragedy

Methodological development

From the work experience of teacher T.A. Stotskaya

In the process of teaching the section of biology - ecology, I, as a teacher, cannot help but tell the children about the terrible Chernobyl disaster and its detrimental effect on the biosphere. This is possible in a lesson on the topic “Ecological factors” in grade 11, when studying the topic “Biosphere. Protection of the biosphere." In addition, I was able to visit the dead zone, in the village of Zhurba, 20 years after the incident and witnessed the consequences of the disaster. Students usually ask a lot of questions about this topic. Research on this topic becomes abstract work for a general lesson. As a result, a lot of children's work has accumulated in which students find out the causes, consequences, and forecasts of this man-made disaster. Authors of papers learn to analyze the situation and synthesize facts into a final work on the topic.

In the work “Chernobyl disaster. 10 years later,” student M. Zemlyakov writes:

“According to official estimates of three countries (the Republic of Belarus, Russia, Ukraine), more than 9 million people suffered from the Chernobyl disaster in one way or another. In the RSFSR, 16 regions and one republic were contaminated.

In his work “Investigation of the Causes and Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Disaster,” student D. Mantula writes about the investigation of the causes: “I am sure that in no other country in the world, except our Motherland, are there so many fearless and sympathetic people who are ready to leave the world at the call of their hearts.” places, from family, to risk their health in order to find the cause of a nuclear disaster and make sure that this never happens again.”

In the work “Chernobyl disaster - 20 years later,” V. Kucherenko analyzes the problem and gives examples of alternative energy sources. But introducing them into life in our country is not easy due to insufficient funding. In addition, the theme of Chernobyl may be relevant for class hours “Chernobyl Remembrance Day”. This work presents a script for students in grades 7-9 “Dedicated to the Heroes of Chernobyl!”

I found it interesting; children listen to it especially quietly, with bated breath. Thanks to the poems, it is emotionally rich and easier to perceive by children's souls.

In recent years, this event has become a school-wide event and is held annually on April 26, the day of remembrance of Chernobyl. The event is being prepared by 11th grade students for students in grades 7-9.

The purpose of this event is to develop environmental thinking, which develops responsibility for actions taken, and a sense of patriotism and duty to the Motherland.

April 26, 1986 In the city of Chernobyl on planet Earth, a disaster occurred that shocked the world with its scale in space and time and was called the Chernobyl tragedy. Chernobyl, the ancient Slavs called wormwood the most bitter herb, and in the word “Chernobyl” you hear a black reality. We will tell you today about this tragedy and the people who covered us with their lives.

April 26 at 01:23 a.m. 40sec. During testing at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, 187 control and protection system rods entered the core to shut down the reactor. The valuable reaction had to be interrupted. However, after 3 seconds. The appearance of alarm signals for exceeding reactor capacity and increasing pressure was registered. And after another 4 seconds. a dull explosion shaking all the buildings. The emergency protection rods stopped before they were even halfway through.

Teacher: Sparkling clumps began to fly out from the roof of the 4th power unit, as if from the mouth of a volcano. They rose high up. It looked like fireworks. The clumps scattered into multi-colored sparks and fell in different places. A black fireball rose up, forming a cloud that stretched horizontally into a black arc and went to the side, spreading death, disease and misfortune in the form of small, small drops. On the territory of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, people stepped over the rubble; later, due to the high level of radiation, even robots could not pass there: “they went crazy.” And at this time people were working inside. There is no roof, part of the house is destroyed, the lights are out, the telephone is disconnected. The ceilings are collapsing, the floor is shaking. Short circuit sparks flash. Radiation monitoring devices are off the charts. Hot, radioactive water flows everywhere.

1st student: At 1 hour 26 minutes, after 3 minutes. after the incident, the fire alarm went off. And after another 2 minutes. The station duty guard arrived and firefighters from the city of Pripyat arrived on alarm. A terrible fight against the fire began. The extinguishing effort was led by 23-year-old Lieutenant Vitaly Kibenok and his comrades. Vitaly was senior in position and rank in his fire brigade.

2nd student: The radiation level was unknown, but even without a dosimeter, the lieutenant understood that the radiation level was higher than normal. He had the right to order his guard to retreat and wait for reinforcements, but the trouble could develop into an even greater disaster. Picking up the fire barrel, Pravik led his guys to the roaring flames of the roof of the third power unit at a height of 30 meters. No one was left confused. Knowing what they were getting into, they all did it without exception.

3rd student: At this time, Ivan Butrimenko arrives to the fire with his team of firefighters from a neighboring city. He is also 23 years old, he is Kibenko’s classmate, and without hesitation, he rushed to the aid of his friend.

4th student: And at this time the fire was already on the roof of the turbine room. It was 6 minutes. extinguishing the fire. And then his attention was attracted by pieces of white matter randomly scattered on the roof. This substance shimmered with a pale light, and everything around it melted and smoked. It was decided to immediately throw the pieces off the roof. He set an example and immediately burned through his fire-tested mittens, which should protect against any fire. “Graphite,” he didn’t realize right away. The graphite was white-hot, its temperature was over 100 degrees, and radioactive.

5th student: The roof floated underfoot, the concrete covering of the top of the turbine room melted and floated. The hot mass poured into the boots, burning their feet. After 7 min. After the accident, Major Leonid Telyatnikov, commander of the fire department, took over the leadership of the fire extinguishing effort. He was on vacation, but upon learning about the fire, he rushed over immediately. Telyatnokov climbed onto the surviving roof and saw the whole terrible picture. To retreat meant to put people at risk, to betray; to stay meant to save them at the cost of one’s own life. He stayed.

6th student: The fight against the elements took place at an altitude of 27-70 meters. And inside the premises of the 4th power unit, the station’s duty personnel were engaged in extinguishing. After 10-15 minutes. struggle, people felt sick. They felt sick and dizzy, but they did not leave the place of struggle. They were already showing symptoms of acute radiation sickness. Vitaly Kibenok ordered the most exhausted to retreat, but this was the only order that no one wanted to carry out. People fell to their knees, but got up again and attacked the fire.

7th student: 2 hours 10 min. – the fire on the roof of the turbine hall was knocked down, but the roof of the reactor hall continued to burn.

2 hours 30 min. – the fire on the roof of the reactor compartment was suppressed.

In the third hour of the fire, the hellish heat forced them to take off their masks, the shoes and clothes of the firefighters melted, their hands were covered with burns, but radiation was even more terrible - it is an invisible terrible enemy that penetrates inside, poisons the body and gives birth to a terrible disease. All the firefighters were very young people. On average they were 25 years old. Ambulances carried firefighters away from the site, but others continued to extinguish the fire until the terrible radiation incapacitated them.

8th student: Firefighters arrived from Kyiv and other regions of Ukraine. The fire should not have spread to other power units of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

The fire had to be stopped, and people stopped it.

4 hours 50 min. – The fire is mostly contained.

6 hours 3 min. - the fire has been extinguished.

The morning of April 27 arrived. It was Sunday morning. It’s spring in Ukraine, and therefore people have been sowing since the morning. Streams ran through the streets from the water used for the fire. Decontamination has begun. Hundreds of firefighters poured soapy water on everything, so the streams flowed soapy, and the ubiquitous boys ran barefoot through the puddles and launched boats, not realizing how dangerous these puddles were. Transport traveled in the city, people rested, peasants sowed. It was the most ordinary Sunday spring day in Ukraine, warm and sunny. And no one knew what danger threatened them. And no one knew that a terrible invisible enemy - radiation penetrates everywhere with air and water! And blue smoke could be seen above the nuclear power plant.

9th student: Everyone died, only Major Telyatnikov, the head of the detachment, survived after a difficult brain transplant operation.

Needless to say, a difficult lot fell upon them, but behind each of them were children, wives, mothers, relatives, the entire fatherland, which they obscured with themselves.

Volodya Pravik from a Moscow hospital dictated a note to his wife: “I know you are crying. No, please, I won’t die, believe me. I will return victorious." These words of Vladimir Pravik were the last. A couple of days later he was gone. Vladimir is under 24 years old. He was a young father and beloved husband, a real man, a citizen, a person. On that black night, he and his comrades protected all of us, the earth, and life.

Years go by. The cities of Chernobyl and Pripyat stand dead on the ground; there are monuments in them, wooden tarred crosses, at the foot of which it is written: “Good people, bow to those who will never, neither in joy nor in sorrow, return to this earth!” Houses stand empty with black window sockets; every spring Chernobyl gardens bloom wildly and shower the fertile but poisoned Chernobyl soil with fruits of apples and pears. Nobody eats them, they are dangerous to health.

The forest, which absorbed the radiation, turned red, it was necessary to bulldoze it into a huge pit on the bitter Chernobyl soil, and now it is poisoning the waters that go to Pripyat and the Dnieper. Cities and villages stand surrounded by barbed wire. No human foot can go there. Sometimes birds fly by and rare cars rush at high speeds along the Kyiv-Zhitomir highway. But life goes on, and today we have a candle burning as a symbol of life. And may heroes who are able to protect life on earth be born, grow and live on our land.

Literature

Badev V.V., Egorov A.Yu., Kazakov S.V. Environmental protection during the operation of nuclear power plants. M.: "Energoatomizdat". 1990. Varnitsky V. Chernobyl adrenaline. // “Zorya” 2002. Israel A.Yu. Problems of comprehensive environmental analysis and principles of integrated monitoring. L., 1988. Nikitin D., Novikov Yu. Environment and people. M., 1986. Pralnikov A. Report from Chernobyl. M.: “Thought.” 1998. Serdyukov M. Overshadowed by themselves. // “Interlocutor” No. 133, 2005.

Class hour scenario “Chernobyl 30 years later. Let's remember the heroes."

Goal and tasks:

1.Tell students about the Chernobyl tragedy;

contribute to the formation of environmental knowledge and its use in educational and practical activities.

2.Develop a positive active life position;

3.Cultivate a sense of compassion.

Equipment: laptop, multimedia projector, screen.

Slide 2

“Belarus... For the world weterrAincoqnita- unknown, unexplored land. “White Russia” is the approximate name of our country in English. Everyone knows about Chernobyl, but only in connection with Ukraine and Russia. We still have to tell you about ourselves..."

Progress of the event.

Leading.

Slide 3.

On April 26, 1986, at 1 hour 23 minutes 58 seconds, a series of explosions destroyed the reactor and the building of the 4th power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, located near the Belarusian border. The Chernobyl disaster became the largest technological disasterXXcentury.

Slide 4-5.

Chernobyl (ukr.Chornobil derivative from the Chernobyl plant,wormwood) - city . Chernobyl is located on the river , not far from its confluence with . Before the accident, about 13 thousand people lived in the city.

The border states are clearly visible on the map. The closest territory of Belarus. For small Belarus (population 10 million), the explosion of a nuclear power plant was a national disaster, although the Belarusians themselves do not have a single nuclear power plant. It is still an agricultural country, with a predominantly rural population. During the Great Patriotic War, German fascists destroyed 619 villages along with their inhabitants on Belarusian soil. After Chernobyl, the country lost 485 villages and towns: 70 of them are already buried forever in the ground. Every fourth Belarusian died during the war, today every fifth lives in contaminated territory. This is 2.1 million people, of which 700 thousand are children. Among the factors of demographic decline, radiation occupies the main place. In the Gomel and Mogilev regions (the most affected by the Chernobyl disaster), mortality exceeded the birth rate by 20%.

Reference.

As a result of the disaster, 50 ∙ 10 6 TO u radionuclides, of which 70% fell on Belarus: 23% of its territory is contaminated with radionuclides with a density of more than 1 K u /km² for cesium - 137. For comparison: in Ukraine 4.8% of the territory, in Russia - 0.5%. Area of ​​farmland with pollution density of 1 or more Ku /km² is over 1.8 million hectares, strontium-90 with a density of 0.3 or more Ku / km² - about 0.5 hectares of land. Belarus is a country of forests. But 26% of forests and most of the meadows in the floodplains of the Pripyat, Dnieper, Sozh rivers belong to the zone of radioactive contamination...

As a consequence of constant exposure to low doses of radiation, the number of patients with cancer, neuropsychiatric disorders and genetic mutations increases every year in the country.

Slide 6 – 7.

It took less than a week for Chernobyl to become a worldwide problem. Radiation is ionizing radiation propagating in the form of a stream of quanta or elementary particles. It is measured with a dosimeter. In our lives, there is a safe level of radiation in everything that surrounds us. For example, in medicine - an X-ray machine. Each territory has its own natural radiation background, but a value equal to approximately 0.5 microsievert (µSv) per hour (up to 50 at one o'clock). Under normal background radiation, the safest level of external irradiation of the human body is considered to be up to 0.2 (µSv) microsievert per hour (a value equal to 20 microroentgens per hour).

Mostupper limit permissible radiation level –0.5 µSv - or 50 µR/h .

Reference.

This radiation is called ionizing because radiation, penetrating into the blood through any tissue, ionizes their particles and molecules, which leads to the formation of free radicals, which lead to massive death of tissue cells. The effect of radiation on the human body is called exposure.

Slide 8.

The sarcophagus is a special design developed by engineers from St. Petersburg for the fourth reactor. Service life for 30 years of use. And if the reactor had not been hidden in a sarcophagus in 1986, the scale of the disaster would have been much greater...

Reference.

In Ukraine, the construction of a new sarcophagus “Arch” was being developed...

The fourth reactor, called the Shelter, still stores about 200 tons of nuclear materials in its lead and reinforced concrete belly. Moreover, the fuel is partially mixed with graphite and concrete.

Slide 9 – 10.

A ghost town - empty multi-storey buildings, theaters, hospitals, kindergartens, schools and all this with clothes, things, furniture that no one will ever be able to use.

Student 1.

In memory of the heroes of Chernobyl

Chernobyl is a city without people,
Like a ghost with a terrible memory.
The children's voices are not heard.
No, not marked with red blood,
But death lurks everywhere here...

Student 2.

Doors will slam in an empty entrance...
Only the wind carries the dust of death,
You can't hear the birds, you can't see the beast.
This is not a fairy tale – it’s real life.

Student 3.

That night... April, cruel,
A terrible disaster happened.
Suddenly the land here became dangerous,
Not for years, but for centuries.

Student 4.

Silence is quiet, night
Suddenly there was a thunder explosion
And death is a dumb monster
Enveloped in smoke and fire.

Student 5.

Line of fire trucks
He rushes to the rescue, to war,
Fight with monstrous fire,
Cover the entire country.

Student 6.

There are so many of them: beloved sons,
Fathers, husbands in the same ranks.
And defenseless and vulnerable,
Standing right on the edge.

Student 7.

Standing right before death
Without feeling the terrible hour,
And behind the open door of death
They are there now.

Student 8.

We remember them all by name,
We remember their faces and pain.
We stand before them in bow.
Pain squeezes the heart of sorrow.

Slide 11.

The city of Chernobyl (founded in 1193) - became an "administrative center" in 1986, due to high levels of radiation in the surrounding areas. The decision to alienate the land was caused by significant radioactive contamination of the territories adjacent to the nuclear power plant. Three zones were introduced:

Special zone (directly the industrial site of the nuclear power plant);

10 km zone;

30 km zone (Chernobyl is 9.5 km from the station).

Reference.

They organized strict radiation control of transport. At the borders of the zones, transfer facilities have been established for workers when moving from one vehicle to another to reduce exposure to radioactive substances.

The city is home to the main enterprises engaged in work to maintain the zones in environmentally safe conditions, including enterprises that manage the radiation conditions of the 30-kilometer exclusion zone.

Personnel from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine are stationed in Chernobyl to protect the territory of the 30-kilometer zone and control illegal entry.

More than 30 years after the Chernobyl accident, the constant influence of low doses of radiation continues to negatively affect the nature of the 30-kilometer exclusion zone. There are fewer birds and insects around the nuclear power plant (the higher the radiation level, the fewer insects).

According to many scientists, wildlife flourishes in a special zone, since the effects of radiation do not allow for adjustments from the human factor. Radiation levels in the area were life-threatening only in the first two years, and within ten years they had dropped by a factor of 1,000 to 10,000 in different areas.

As you can see, the history of the city of Chernobyl is diverse. This is an ancient city with its own customs and foundations, which have been preserved to this day. After all, now Chernobyl is a dead city.

Slide 11 – 15.

Leading.

Who saved the people of the entire planet from the invisible killer - radiation? Two hundred and ten military units, about three hundred and forty thousand military personnel, were sent to eliminate the consequences of the accident. Those who cleaned the roof got the worst of it... For the first time in days, hundreds of young soldiers worked on the very roof of the reactor. In the future, mountain rescuers were miners from Moscow, Kyiv, Dnepropetrovsk, and Shakhty. Among the liquidators are helicopter pilots.

For the first time, the top contaminated layer of earth was removed and buried, and dolomite sand was poured in its place.

The soldiers were given lead aprons, but the background came from below, and there the man was uncovered. They are wearing ordinary tarpaulin boots... One and a half to two minutes a day on the roof... Fuel and reactor graphite, fragments of concrete and reinforcement were rowed on the roof... Twenty - thirty seconds to load the stretcher, and the same amount to throw “garbage” off the roof. These special stretchers alone weighed forty kilograms. So imagine: a lead apron, masks, these stretchers and breakneck speed... Can you imagine? In a museum in Kiev there is a replica of graphite the size of a cap; they say, if it were real, it would weigh sixteen kilograms. Radio-controlled manipulators often refused to carry out commands or did something completely wrong, as their electronic circuits were destroyed in high fields. The most reliable “robots” were soldiers. They were dubbed “green robots” (after the color of their military uniforms). Three thousand six hundred soldiers passed through the roof of the destroyed reactor.

There was a moment when there was a danger of a nuclear explosion, and it was necessary to drain groundwater from under the reactor so that molten uranium and graphite would not get there, together with water they would give a critical mass. The explosion is three to five megatons. Not only in Kyiv and Minsk, but also ina huge part of Europe would be uninhabitable. Can you imagine?! European disaster: They set a task: who will dive into this water and open the drain valve there? They were looking for volunteers. And they were found! The guys dived, dived many times and opened this valve.

Helicopter pilots in the ranks of rescuers... Four to five flights during the day, at an altitude of three hundred meters above the reactor, the temperature in the cabin is up to sixty degrees. What was going on below when the sandbags were dropped? Imagine... It was inferno... Activity reached one thousand eight hundred roentgens per hour. The pilots felt sick in the air. To throw accurately, to hit the target - a fiery crater, they stuck their heads out of the cabin... They looked down... There was no other way...

Young guys... They are also dying now, but they understand that if it weren’t for them... These are also people of a special culture. Cultures of achievement. Victims.

The grandson of one of the first liquidators, Alexander Usachev, is studying in our class. His grandfather returned with a high dose of radiation. After a long illness he passed away.

Leading.

Let's honor the memory of the heroes with a minute of silence.

Student 9.

To the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident

You are famous for your bad reputation,
But it would be better not to know her.
Over the irradiated power
The crows are circling again...

Student 10.

And electronic dosimeters
We went crazy
But it grew around the perimeter
A prison for radiation.

Student 11.

Tricky jokes with the peaceful atom,
He's on the loose like a bandit
And pioneer liquidators
Bombs with its cannonballs...

Student 12.
Set up souls for locators
On a wave of mercy...
We, veteran liquidators,
We passed Chernobyl like a war.

Presenter: 25 years ago, on April 26, 1986, at approximately 1:24 a.m., an explosion occurred at the 4th power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which completely destroyed the reactor. As a result of the accident, radioactive substances were released into the environment, including isotopes of uranium, plutonium, iodine, etc.
The Chernobyl nuclear power plant is located on the territory of Ukraine near the city of Pripyat, 18 kilometers from the city of Chernobyl, 16 kilometers from the border with Belarus and 110 kilometers from Kyiv.
Let us consider the line dedicated to the memory of the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant open.
Dedicated to the memory of the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
(Montage - About Chernobyl...)

1.Twenty-sixth of April
The whole country was sleeping peacefully.
Atom went crazy
He rushed up into the sky
And the war began with him. (Vladimirov Zhenya)

2. People played with death
And without sparing the belly
They fulfilled their duty and shortened their lives.
This was the reality. (Andrey Mikhailov)

3. Many died in agony,
Much still suffers
Many are waiting for their fate,
But no one will remember them.
Well, thank you for that.
What do you do to our hearts?
Chernobyl victims, live longer.
Health and joy to you. (Demchuk Alexander)
Presenter: Guys, I invite you to get acquainted with some of the events that took place on that distant terrible morning of April 26, 1986. So, the first message will be made by Victoria Chernyshova.

First message: Chronology of events

On April 25, 1986, a shutdown of the 4th power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was planned for the next scheduled maintenance. During such shutdowns, various equipment tests are usually carried out according to separate programs. These were already the fourth regime tests carried out at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The first attempt in 1982 was not entirely successful; subsequent tests, carried out in 1983, 1984 and 1985, also ended unsuccessfully for various reasons.
However, during almost the entire duration of the experiment, the power behavior did not give rise to concern.

At 1:23 a.m., an emergency protection signal was registered. In the next few seconds, the systems failed.

According to various testimonies, there were from one to several powerful impacts (most witnesses indicated two powerful explosions) 1:25 the reactor was completely destroyed.

Presenter: “I’M GOING THE CHERNOBYL ROAD AGAIN”
Galina Pletnikova is reading.

Who among us could forget ourselves in silence?
Whoever's heart hasn't trembled with anxiety,
When the cold wind at night
A whiff of black reality from Chernobyl?!
That night, rows of Kyiv chestnuts,
Barely sticking out its inflorescences in the foliage,
Under the falling cloud of trouble
We thought about the town on Pripyat.
Kyiv has never known anything like this,
Marked by centuries of scars with dates.
An unexpected disaster broke out,
Mysteriously accumulated in the atom.

Presenter: The second report on the causes of the accident will be made by Anna Kramicheva.

Causes of the accident and investigation
The State Commission formed in the USSR to investigate the causes of the disaster placed primary responsibility for the disaster on the operating personnel and management of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. An advisory group was created to investigate the causes of the accident. In its 1986 report, it was stated that the accident was the result of an unlikely coincidence of a number of violations of rules and regulations by operating personnel; the accident acquired catastrophic consequences due to the fact that the reactor was brought into an unregulated state.

However, in 1991, the USSR State Atomic Supervision Commission re-examined this issue and came to the conclusion that “the Chernobyl accident, which began due to the actions of operational personnel, acquired catastrophic proportions inadequate to them due to the unsatisfactory design of the reactor.” In addition, the commission analyzed the regulatory documents in force at the time of the accident and did not confirm some of the accusations previously leveled against the station personnel.

The reactor did not meet safety standards;
. low quality of operating regulations in terms of safety;
. ineffectiveness of the regulatory and safety oversight regime in nuclear energy;
. there was no effective exchange of safety information both between operators and between operators and designers;
. the personnel made a number of mistakes and violated existing instructions and the testing program.

Presenter: Svetlana Chizhikova reads a poem about Chernobyl.

Chernobyl... One word is enough -
And my heart is like a painful lump,
It will shrink, waiting for new news,
And the breeze smells of bitter dust.
And pain did not fall from the stars of heaven,
And not on the firmament of insensitive stones -
And it penetrated into the chest of the earth with an evil fuse
And treacherously settled in her.

Presenter: Third message about the consequences of the accident.
Sarina Elizoveta will read

Consequences of the accident

Directly during the explosion at the fourth power unit, only one person died (Valery Khodemchuk), another died in the morning from his injuries (Vladimir Shashenok). Subsequently, 134 Chernobyl nuclear power plant employees and rescue team members who were at the plant during the explosion developed radiation sickness, and 28 of them died over the next few months.

At 1:24 a.m., a signal about a fire was received at the control panel of the HRC-2 duty officer for the protection of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The duty guard of the fire department left for the station. The guard of the 6th city fire department left Pripyat to help. Lieutenant Pravik took over the leadership of extinguishing the fire. His competent actions prevented the spread of the fire. Additional reinforcements were called from Kyiv and surrounding areas. The firefighters had only canvas overalls, mittens, and a helmet as protective equipment. By 4 o'clock in the morning the fire was localized on the roof of the turbine room, and by 6 o'clock in the morning it was extinguished. In total, 69 personnel and 14 pieces of equipment took part in extinguishing the fire. The presence of a high level of radiation was reliably established only by 3:30, since of the two available devices for 1000 roentgens per hour, one was out of order, and the other was inaccessible due to the rubble that had arisen. Therefore, in the first hours of the accident, the real levels of radiation in the premises of the block and around it were unknown. The state of the reactor was also unclear.
In the first hours after the accident, many apparently did not realize how badly damaged the reactor was, so the mistaken decision was made to supply water to the reactor core to cool it. This required work in areas with high radiation. These efforts were useless, as both the pipelines and the core itself were destroyed. Other actions of the station personnel, such as extinguishing fires in the station premises and measures aimed at preventing a possible explosion, on the contrary, were necessary. They may have prevented even more serious consequences. While performing this work, many station employees received large doses of radiation, some even fatal.

Presenter: Another poem about Chernobyl is read by Katerina Fedoseeva

The sun's disk fell below the horizon,
The night spilled its ink,
The light of death is as elusive as a dream,
A blanket of death covered us.

Yellowed forest and yellow sign -
It's not worth going to the side of the road,
May Day burnt out flag.
Maybe they'll write us down as heroes.

Pears and apples are ripening in the garden,
To fall into the rising weeds,
Beauty, but you feel trouble,
And locks, locks on all the doors.

The hum of engines through the copacs,
Here it is, here is the final turn.
Ahead the fire burns in the night...
Who's alive? Nobody will understand.

Nothing can change now,
There are no seconds for a short smoke break,
We will be able to tame the atom -
It's a pity that there is a lot of grief forever.

What is twenty-five roentgen?
What is strontium, cesium, iodine?
We will find out all this later,
And now the order is to go forward!

Information and evacuation of the population

Presenter: These are the terrible events that unfolded 25 years ago at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. But the first official announcement was made on television on April 27. In a rather dry message, the fact of the accident and two deaths were reported; the true scale of the disaster began to be reported later.

After assessing the scale of radioactive contamination, it became clear that the evacuation of the city of Pripyat would be required, which was carried out on April 27. In the first days after the accident, the population of the 10-kilometer zone was evacuated. In the following days, the population of other settlements within the 30-kilometer zone was evacuated. It was forbidden to take things with you; many were evacuated in home clothes. To avoid fanning panic, it was reported that the evacuees would return home in three days. Pets were not allowed.
To coordinate the work, republican commissions were also created in the Byelorussian, Ukrainian SSR and in the RSFSR, various departmental commissions and headquarters. Specialists sent to carry out work on and around the emergency unit, as well as military units, both regular and made up of urgently called up reservists, began to arrive in the 30-kilometer zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The bulk of the work was carried out in 1986-1987, involving approximately 240,000 people. The total number of liquidators (including subsequent years) was approximately 600,000.
“Account 904” was opened in all savings banks in the country for donations from citizens, which received 520 million rubles in six months. Among the donors was Alla Pugacheva, who gave a charity concert at the Olympic Stadium and a solo concert in Chernobyl for liquidators.

As a result of the accident, about 5 million hectares of land were withdrawn from agricultural use.
A 30-kilometer exclusion zone was created around the nuclear power plant, hundreds of small settlements were destroyed and buried (buried with heavy equipment).
More than 200,000 km² were polluted - this is approximately 70% in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Radioactive substances spread in the form of aerosols, which gradually settled on the surface of the earth.
The highest doses were received by approximately 1,000 people who were near the reactor at the time of the explosion and who took part in emergency work in the first days after it. These doses ranged from 2 to 20 grays (Gy) and were fatal in some cases.
In many cases, radiation sickness was complicated by radiation skin burns caused by β-radiation. During 1986, 28 people died from radiation sickness. Two more people died during the accident for reasons unrelated to radiation. During 1987–2004, another 19 people died.
Observation of a large group of liquidators conducted in Russia revealed an increase in mortality by several percent. Among the 600,000 people exposed to the highest doses of radiation, the mortality rate from cancer is approximately four thousand.
Various public organizations report very high rates of congenital abnormalities and high infant mortality in contaminated areas.
Some of the most heavily contaminated areas in Belarus and Ukraine have seen an increase in mortality.
Liquidators and residents of contaminated areas are at increased risk of various diseases, such as radiation sickness, oncology, cataracts, cardiovascular diseases, decreased immunity, Down syndrome in children, etc.
Dear teachers and children, you need to know and remember this.
I propose to honor with a minute of silence all those who died from the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

"Trouble..

Chernobyl...

Human…"

The words are heard behind the scenes
The groan of the Earth.

Rotating in space, in captivity of its orbit,

Not a year, not two, but billions of years,

I'm so tired... My flesh is covered

Scars of wounds - there is no living place.

Steel torments my earthly body,

And poisons poison the waters of clean rivers,

All that I had and have,

A person considers his good.

I don't need rockets and shells

But my ore goes to them,

What does the state of Nevada cost me?

There are a series of underground explosions.

Why are people so afraid of each other?

Have you forgotten about the earth itself?

After all, I can die and stay

A charred grain of sand in the smoky haze.

Is it not because, burning with vengeance,

I rebel against the forces of madness,

And, shaking the Firmament with an earthquake,

I give an answer to all my grievances

And it’s no coincidence that the formidable volcanoes

I throw out the pain of the earth with lava...
Wake up, people!

Call on the countries

To save me from death.

And there was sun! And it was spring!
And I wanted to live! Oh, how I wanted to live!
Nature has risen from sleep,
And everything began to spin in a spring waltz.
And children's laughter spilled out from everywhere
A ringing song of future happiness!
He promised to bloom the earth forever!
In spring it’s so hard to believe in bad weather...

The music stops. Loud explosion... On the screen there is a video of the explosion, freeze frame.
The presenters and the reader slowly come out. The reader reads on the go.

READER 1: The earth and air are fraught with evil, -
Fruits and grains and flowers and herbs -
Death brings everything, poison exhausts everything,
Breath of destructive poison.
Chernobyl is an ominous star,
Invisible, like rock, burning above us.
In the anxiety and sadness of the city,
And fear numbs the villages.
PRESENTER 1: Good afternoon, dear friends!

Many springs have passed since then,

The twentieth century has ended

But the topic is not closed yet:

Trouble...

Chernobyl…

Human…

PRESENTER 2: : On April 26, 1986, the worst disaster in human history occurred. And 30 years later, this day makes us think about the possible consequences of human activity, about our unpayable debt to those who, risking their own lives, saved the world from a radioactive disaster. The memory of the tragedy will remain an unhealed wound in the soul of our people.

SPEAKER 1: The feat accomplished by the liquidators of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident will never be forgotten. It is sad to realize that every day these heroes are becoming fewer and fewer. We should all remember their feat.

PRESENTER 2: The measure of horror for us is war. Chernobyl is worse.
SPEAKER 1: This is a war with an invisible enemy. War without shooting and bullets.
PRESENTER 2: We want to tell you how it was...
READER2:
Second o'clock in the morning. Everything is quiet…
Suddenly there is an explosion and a burst of steam into the air...
And the sirens howled madly,
Death and life entered into the struggle.
The world shook. The news is broadcast.
It buzzes in different languages.
Not over Chernobyl, over the world,
Radiation fear hung over.

Pause. The presenter-readers remain on stage. The bell sounds in the background.
READER 3: The dull bell is ringing,
Slightly audible distant.
I listen, I cry and remain silent...
SPEAKER 1: 1 hour 23 minutes 40 seconds - 187 control and protection system rods entered the core to shut down the reactor. The chain reaction had to be broken. However, after 3 seconds, alarm signals were registered for exceeding the reactor power and increasing pressure. And after another 4 seconds - a dull explosion that shook the entire building. The emergency protection rods stopped before they were even halfway through.

READER4: A pillar of fire shot up into the sky.
And the explosion scattered the block block.
The earth froze in horror,
Raised on the rack by misfortune.

PRESENTER 2: From the roof of the fourth power unit, like from the mouth of a volcano, sparkling clumps began to fly out. They rose high up. It looked like fireworks. The clumps scattered into multi-colored sparks and fell in different places. A black fireball soared up, forming a cloud that stretched horizontally into a black cloud and went to the side, spreading death, disease and misfortune in the form of small, small drops.

PRESENTER 1: On the territory of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, people stepped over the wreckage; later, due to the high level of radiation, robots could not pass there: they “went crazy.”

SPEAKER 2: And at that time people were still working inside. There is no roof, part of the wall is destroyed... The lights went out, the phone went off. Floors are collapsing. The floor is shaking. The premises are filled with either steam, fog, or dust. Short circuit sparks flash. Radiation monitoring devices are off the charts. Hot radioactive water flows everywhere.
READER 5: Fire and darkness are an invisible enemy.
One step to death - then immortality.
No shootings, no attacks.
But to live only this way is at the cost of death.

On the screen, an electronic clock counts down the seconds.
SPEAKER 1: 1 hour 26 minutes 03 seconds - the fire alarm went off.
SPEAKER 2: 1 hour 28 minutes - the station duty guard arrived at the scene of the accident. After 7 minutes the Pripyat guard arrived.
READER6: The fight against the elements took place at an altitude of 27 to 72 meters, and inside the premises of the fourth power unit, the station personnel on duty were engaged in extinguishing. The firefighters did not know that the reactor had been opened.

PRESENTER 1: 2 hours 10 minutes - the fire on the roof of the turbine room was knocked down. After 20 minutes, the fire on the roof of the reactor compartment was suppressed.
SPEAKER 2: 4 hours 50 minutes - the fire is mostly contained.
PRESENTER 1: 6 hours 35 minutes - the fire has been extinguished.

PRESENTER 2: As a result of a nuclear accident, the largest catastrophe of our time occurred, resulting in numerous human casualties and radioactive contamination of the territory of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia. The Chernobyl explosion released at least 130 million curies of a wide variety of radioactive substances into the environment, scattering them over an area of ​​more than 56 thousand square kilometers.

READER7: Yes, a lot depends on people!
My planet hangs by a thread
A push - and there are neither adults nor children,
No snowy winters, no sunny summers...
PRESENTER 1: Every time has its own heroes. But this time people were faced with an enemy worse than plague, flood, earthquake, and even worse than an aggressor armed to the teeth. This enemy was imperceptible and invisible. He is cruel and cunning, ruthless and deadly.
SPEAKER 2: They did their job. But the situation was unusual - a reactor was “breathing” a deadly breath nearby. The fire spread across the roof of the turbine room. The terrible unbearable heat forced us to take off our respirators. The bitumen melted and flowed, filling the air with a disgusting, suffocating fume. The huge ceiling above the machine room and the auxiliary building fell with a crash. The molten coating burned through shoes, clothes, and burned the body.
SPEAKER 1: But there was no time to think about your safety. The station had to be saved. People were weakened by terrible smoke, unbearable heat, enormous doses of radiation, and pain. They lost strength and fell. But they survived! They saved the station, closed it with themselves and prevented an even greater disaster that could have happened. But this was only the beginning of the trouble.
PRESENTER 2: Volunteers were sent from all over the country, the former USSR, to eliminate the consequences of this accident. They washed away radioactive dust from vehicles with water, disinfected roofs and asphalt.

PRESENTER 1: Danger was in the air!.. The rescuers received a large dose of radiation. And this affected their health. The consequences were not long in coming. Many of the liquidators, as they are still called today, passed away, and many became disabled.
PRESENTER 2: It is impossible to imagine the depth of the consequences that the Chernobyl disaster could have brought if not for the courage and heroism of the people who took part in eliminating the consequences of the disaster.
READER8: Let us remember those who drove the cascades,
There were rafter panels on the roof.

Let's remember those who were on the cranes,
He loaded lead and transported concrete.

Presenter 2 Dedicated to the memory of the victims -

A minute of silence.

Fire Dance

Every day more and more liquidators are joining this list. We must not allow the memory of the heart to be cut short, so that descendants, having forgotten the past, will once again go down the path of mistakes! Remember Chernobyl! Don’t let a second Chernobyl happen again somewhere on Earth!

PRESENTER 1: 20 thousand citizens of the Oryol region took part in the liquidation of the accident. Among them are our fellow countrymen. on the 30th anniversary of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, only 10 people remained:

PRESENTER 2: from the village. Long: Elbrus Hakobyan

Dmitry Vlasov

Nikolay Petukhov

Evgeniy Petrov

Nikolay Raspopov

Alexander Sukhinin

PRESENTER 1 from Krovtsova Plot: Nikolay Stepanov

Ivan Yagupov

Mikhail Zhivotov from K. Demyanovsky

Mikhail Doronin from the village. Nikolskoye

These people are strong in spirit, capable of great self-sacrifice. Almost all have orders and awards from the government, as well as medals “For saving the dead.” Praise to them, honor and glory!

Song to the Liquidators

PRESENTER 1: The accident caused large-scale radioactive contamination of the area not only in Ukraine, but also far beyond its borders. Radioactive contamination has been recorded in more than 30 countries around the world.
PRESENTER 2: One of the most important tasks in eliminating the consequences of the accident was isolating the destroyed reactor and preventing the release of radioactive substances into the environment. The first stage of her solution was the construction of a shelter, which was called a sarcophagus.
READER9: Turning away from the red forest,
Radiating anxiety and fear,
In the center of the zone above the Chernobyl nuclear power plant wound
The sarcophagus, gray as an elephant, froze.
PRESENTER 1: The height of the “sarcophagus” was 61 meters, the greatest thickness of the walls was 18 meters. According to the safety characteristics, the sarcophagus is designed to last only 20-30 years and is gradually destroyed.
SPEAKER 2: Work is currently underway on the construction of a new shelter over the Arch object. It is designed for 100 years of safe operation.
PRESENTER 1: For work in the area of ​​the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, armored vehicles with increased protection from radiation were used, but this practically did not help. After a week of use, they had to be buried in burial grounds, since the metal began to literally “glow” from radiation. The largest such cemetery is located in the village of Rassokha, 25 km from the nuclear power plant.
READER 10: Forgotten well, guardian of a deserted village,
An unmown, gray, aging meadow under the sun.
And the dome in the distance is golden, the holy monastery,
And the empty city suddenly appears in front of him.
And strange people, dressed out of season,
And everything you see around is called a zone.
SPEAKER 2: A complete evacuation of residents was carried out from a zone with a radius of 30 km from the exploded reactor.
PRESENTER 1: On the outskirts of the city of Khoiniki there is a monument to the villages lost as a result of the Chernobyl disaster. A sculpture of a grieving woman against the background of a semicircular wall with the names of dead villages of the Khoiniki region. There are 21 settlements on the wall. These are only relatively large non-residential villages - there are many more small ones...
READER11: Everything stopped and froze suddenly,
There was a terrible groan from Chernobyl.
Forgotten villages have stood since then,
Looking at life through window openings.

PRESENTER 2: Chernobyl. Now the whole world knows this word. We still feel the consequences of this tragedy. Mutations in contaminated areas, the birth of children with congenital pathologies, cancer and leukemia. It's very scary! The enemy is invisible and he does not sleep!

PRESENTER 1: The thirty-kilometer zone remains uninhabited. Because not only people suffered, but also nature - meadows, fields, forests, birds and animals. Everything that used to please the eye and benefit man has become dangerous for him.
PRESENTER 2: The Chernobyl zone has been erased from life for 500, and maybe even a thousand years, no one knows what and when science will be able to do to bring it back to life.

READER 12: Pripyat has become a dead city,
You won't find more people there.
Tragedy fear is still alive there,
And it won't affect history.

The houses are empty, no conversations can be heard,
There are no trains going there anymore.
And the disputes about that grief do not subside,
The star over the station of happiness went out.

We will mourn the unfortunate victims,
Let us remember the heroes of Chernobyl years.
Years go by, about the tragedies of the past
That painful trail is still fresh.

The grief echoed from Chernobyl,
And innocent people suffered.
Those who were in a quarrel were instantly reconciled
But the outcome was merciless for everyone
PRESENTER 1: Today, among the many tons of abandoned equipment that cannot be decontaminated and therefore cannot even be melted down, wild boars roam, feral herds of horses gallop, and giant heads of mutant catfish emerge from the pond of the former reactor cooler.
PRESENTER 2: It’s sad, but the fate of the zone is determined: it is destined to become a burial place for liquid and solid nuclear waste...Ukraine...Europe.
READER13: There is a sacred custom of the Slavs:
Leave your land to your descendants.
I am a traitor to my land
My garden is dying.
He caresses his gaze with the sated weight of apples,
It's not easy to come to terms with death.
We are rooted in this land,
We alienate ourselves from it through fear.
Even the enemy failed to take our land,
How can we escape from it now?
I put a crown of thorns on her
This dead Chernobyl zone.

PRESENTER 2: Just as in Japan a crane in the hands of a child became a symbol of peace, so Chernobyl had a symbol, it became the Chernobyl stork.
№ 5. “Chernobyl Stork” (clip of the same name)
PRESENTER 1: After Chernobyl, nuclear energy suffered a severe blow, but our science, our designers and planners began to try to make nuclear energy safer.
According to scientists, society will come to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop nuclear energy as the safest and cheapest way to supply electricity. Progress cannot be stopped! In Russia, the future lies in nuclear energy!

PRESENTER 2: And we hope that built according to all the rules and with an understanding of all the responsibility that lies on the shoulders of adult husbands, scientists, designers, builders and workers of modern nuclear power plants, our houses will always be filled with light, warmth and children's laughter, and Nature and people, and therefore our globe, will not be threatened.

It doesn't matter who presses the button first,

And the poor planet has a charred mouth,

He shouts: “What are you people doing to me?

Understand, earthlings, you are in a bond!

You will fly together to thermonuclear hell.

I close my eyes - the oceans are boiling.

It's time for now! But time does not wait.

Today the ice has broken on Pripyat.

Chernobyl, Chernobyl - universal pain!

Fight for blind souls.

Didn't you cover me with yourself?

And the West is your terrible lesson

Will not understand?

PRESENTER 2: Our program is ending, we told you about the events that happened 30 years ago and we hope that such a tragedy will never happen again!

PRESENTER 1: People, be vigilant! Don't let all life on Earth perish!

Chernobyl is a memory for many centuries.
Chernobyl is an inconsolable grief for widows.
Chernobyl is the current nuclear age.
Chernobyl - here a man became a hostage.
Chernobyl is death covered with a sarcophagus.
Chernobyl - no one and nothing is forgotten here.

Dear friends, we say goodbye to you. Goodbye, see you again

April 26 marks the 30th anniversary of the worst nuclear disaster in history at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Photographer Jadwiga Brontë traveled to Belarus to meet the invisible people still feeling the effects of the disaster.

The disaster occurred about 30 years ago, but its consequences are still felt to this day. When the reactor in Pripyat in northern Ukraine began to collapse, it became the worst nuclear accident in history, both in terms of casualties and financial costs. But this was not the end.

Photographer Jadwiga Bronte was born in Poland, just a week before the terrible tragedy. The proximity of the place and time of her birth to Chernobyl still determines the importance of this event for her.

Her latest project, “Invisible People of Belarus,” documentsthe lives of crippled victims of Chernobyl living in Belarusian government buildingsinstitutions – “boarding schools” – that act as “shelters, orphanages and almshouses rolled into one.” Although the disaster occurred in Ukraine, it was Belarus that bore the brunt of the blow.

The living faces of boarding school residents give us a rare opportunity to see how Chernobyl survivors live. Decades later, they were too easily forgotten.

– Why did you decide to photograph these people?

– I was one of more than 18 million Poles who were given"Lugol" – iodine solution for protection against radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl accident. Unfortunately, not all affected countries did the same. Belarus is closest to Chernobyl and people here suffered more than others. The consequences of the accident affect public health to this day.

However, my project is not only about the victims of the Chernobyl accident. It's about all the disabled people that society doesn't notice. Unfortunately, the topic of disability is still taboo in Belarus. This may be due to the post-Soviet mentality, religion, or simply a lack of information and general knowledge about disability.

– 30 years have passed since the disaster - what is life like for those people you met?

– When I say “victims of the Chernobyl disaster,” I do not mean people who were direct victims, such as power plant workers or liquidators of the accident. I mean people who were born after April 1986 with physical or mental disabilities. Some of the Chernobyl children are now 30 years old, others were born recently, and many more will be born in the future. A mutated gene - a direct consequence of radiation - can be passed on through generations.

Most Chernobyl victims and disabled people live in Belarusian boarding schools These are government institutions - something between orphanages, shelters and hospices. To be honest, the people living in them are simply eking out an existence - they are not provided with any education, and their activity is minimal. They simply support their existence by cooking, cleaning and working in the fields.Very often they make strong friendships with each other and live for each other.

– What difficulties did you encounter while filming?

– These were difficulties of a personal nature rather than technical ones. Working in such places, it is impossible not to feel strong emotions - not only while filming, but spending time with the residents of boarding schools, listening to their stories and trying to understand how the system in which they live works.What you see is depressing.

– What do you hope to show or achieve with your photographs?

– I want these invisible people to become visible. I want people to know more about their lives and hear their stories that no one else knows. I want the Belarusian people to take better care of them, because the future of these people is truly in the hands of the Belarusian people.

There are places like these in many other countries throughout Europe and beyond. People must understand that it is wrong to separate those who have mental or physical disabilities,from the rest of society.

I hope that parents will become stronger when deciding to care for disabled children and see how beautiful they really are. Government agencies are not the best place for them. I saw this with my own eyes.