Make a plan for the story and the dawns here are quiet. Topic: War is the most inhuman phenomenon (based on the story by B

Goals: introduce students to the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet.” Show the heroism of girls, the origins of selfless service to the Motherland.

During the classes:

“Every writer writes about his time,
no matter what topic he touches on. And I wrote about
what do I know. About my generation... Experience of a generation -
this is both the biography of the heroes and what you yourself have suffered... (B. Vasiliev.)

“A woman for me is harmony embodied
life. And war is always disharmony. And a woman
in war - this is the most incredible, incompatible
a combination of phenomena, and our women went to the front
and fought on the front line next to men...” (B. Vasiliev.)

“I generally like people who
they live quietly, but if necessary, they go into battle,
to death; they know in the name of what they are saving
drowning child, rush into the night to the sick
man, they build a city in the desert.” (B. Vasiliev.)

Boris Lvovich Vasiliev - a participant in the Great Patriotic War, after the war - a military engineer, then - a film playwright.
The story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...” is his first prose work. It was published in 1969 in Yunost.
Then the stories “The Longest Day”, “Ivanov’s Boat”, “Don’t Shoot White Swans” appeared.
But the first work was about the war, about the dead girls.
2. DESIGN OF THE STORY.
The writer recalls: “...the idea was born from a “push of memory.” I went to the front as soon as I graduated from tenth grade, in the first days of the war. More precisely, July 8, 1941. And on July 9, it was near Orsha, we, fighters of the Komsomol fighter battalion, whose task was to fight saboteurs, went out on our first mission into the forest. And there, among the living greenery of a forest clearing, so peaceful in its silence, the aromas of sun-warmed pine needles and herbs, I saw two dead village girls. The fascist paratroopers killed them because the girls simply saw the enemy. I later saw a lot of grief and death, but I could never forget these unfamiliar girls... You yourself understand that there is a long and complex distance from this picture, not erased over the years, to the plot of the story. But the impulse was right here..."
3. FEATURES OF THE STORY.
Contrast is the main means of revealing its ideological meaning; the name itself is a contrast to what is described in it.
4. CONVERSATION ON CONTENT.
1) Where does the action take place?
- Half a platoon of anti-aircraft gunners at the bombed and therefore quiet remote crossing No. 171 in Karelia.

2) What have we learned about the past of these girls?
- Zhenya Komelkova – connection with a “married colonel”, beautiful, “extremely sociable and mischievous.”
- Sonya Gurvich is talented, loves poetry, theater, knows German, Jewish, student.
- Lisa Brichkina is observant.
- Galya Chetvertak – imagination, fantasy, daydreaming. "Zamuhryshka."
- Rita Osyanina – “strict. The widow will never laugh.” “Not the glib type...” Lieutenant Osyanin's wife. “I learned to bandage the wounded and shoot, ride a horse, throw grenades and protect against gases. Son Alik was born. “On the first day of the war, I didn’t get confused, didn’t panic..., I was calm and reasonable.” “She was hired as a nurse, and six months later to an anti-aircraft school.”

3) What brought them to war?
- Rita Osyanina - revenge for her dead husband.
- Zhenya Komelkova - revenge for her mother, sister, brother.

4) Why is there a description of their life before the war before the girls’ deaths?
- The pre-war life of the girls, full of hope, joy, light, makes it especially clear how “stupid... absurd and implausible it was to die at 19 years old.

5) Why does it take so long to describe peaceful life at junction 171?
- Antithesis is the author’s main technique that helps to understand “the most incredible, incompatible combination of phenomena”: woman and war.
- This part not only highlights the tragedy of the events that are described further, but also emphasizes in detail that the girls, mischievous and cheerful, do not behave as they should in war: “during the day they did endless laundry,” “they walked carefree through the forest,” “they chattered like magpies” and sunbathed.
“I can’t even believe that they will soon have to fight, shoot, die.”

6) How do girls behave in difficult times for them, how do they die? Can we say that they died heroically?
- “In Rita’s department there were all Komsomol girls,” “just green ones. They knew neither love, nor motherhood, nor grief, nor joy, they chatted about lieutenants and kisses. They had not yet seen anything in life because they were very young.”
-Desperately brave, selfless, has great willpower - Zh. Komelkova, heroic, courageous, a sense of camaraderie is characteristic of her.
a) why did Lisa die - she was more experienced than the others?
b) why didn’t Zhenya Komelkova hide and take the fight?
c) was Rita right to shoot herself in the temple?
d) is it possible to condemn Sonya and Galya for their absurd death?
Supposed answers from the guys:
-Liza tried to quickly fulfill Vaskov’s order, which she always thought about.
-Zhenya wanted to help Rita, who was mortally wounded, in some way, and Vaskov, who had to bring the matter to the end.
-Rita is right. “Rita helps out the foreman twice. First she takes the fire on herself and therefore receives a mortal wound. And now she is aware of her position and the position of the wounded Vaskov and does not want to be a burden to him. She understands how important it is to finish their common cause..."
-Sonya and Galya are small, “city big girls.”
How do they cope with difficulties along the way?
- Here they are going through the swamp. Jackdaw lost her boot. “His guard is silent. Puffs, groans, gasps. But they climb. They stubbornly climb, they’re evil.”
- “He chased his girls quickly... but the girls didn’t give up, they just turned red... He ran until he had enough breath.”
- And they are behind him. Thin, small, in uniform, with weapons. And - not a word of complaint. On the contrary, Sonya smiles, and Galka is offended: “Why am I on the bench?”
- Galka has a fever, she is sick, but she is silent, only her eyes are sad. And in the morning “she herself asks to go on guard.”
- And then, together with Sonya, she burned fires in front of the Germans.
- Sonya died because she wanted to please Vaskov by rushing for his pouch. She was killed with a knife in the chest.
Sonya is buried, and Galka carries her, and then, by order of Vaskov, she must put on her boots.
“... she physically, to the point of nausea, felt a knife penetrating the fabric, heard the crunch of torn flesh, felt the heavy smell of blood... And this gave birth to a dull, cast-iron horror...”
“You can’t judge them, they were young girls, almost children.” This is the author's opinion.

7) What did we learn about Fedot Vaskov?
- Commandant of the patrol, sergeant major. He is 32 years old. “He is a man with almost no education. Well, he can write, read and count within four grades.”
-“I considered my life lucky. Still, with his incomplete four classes, he graduated from the regimental school and ten years later he rose to the rank of sergeant major.”
“Thrice a day, the foreman walked around the facility, tried the locks, and in the book that he himself kept, he made the same entry: “The facility has been inspected. There are no violations."
- “Sergeant Major Vaskov served calmly. Almost until today,” that is, the arrival of the girls.
- Observant, unsmiling, caring, resourceful.

8) What is Vaskov like in the last scene?
-With one cartridge in his revolver and a grenade without a fuse, he captured four Germans. He just lost the last of five girls, he's not afraid of anything anymore. The main thing for him is to take revenge for everyone, for the Motherland, for his dear sisters who gave their lives for it. He bursts into the hut and shouts through his tears: “What, they took it... They took it, yes... Five girls, there were five girls in total, only five!”
-And how much pain there is in these words for the dead.

9) What episodes do you remember?
“Cutting wood and bathing Zhenya Komelkova”,
"The Death of Zhenya"
"The Death of Lisa"
"The Death of Rita"
“Vaskov’s capture of armed fascists”,
“Vaskov’s meeting with Zhenya and Rita”,
"The Past of Heroines"
“The last conversation between Vaskov and Rita”,
"The end of the story."

10) Why did the girls die?
-Only a great love for the Motherland, a great desire to defend their land, made this small detachment of six people fight and die so courageously.
-They gave their lives so that “the dawns would be quiet,” so that we, the current generation of girls, could live happily.

11) Can we say that the girls behaved heroically?
-Yes. They fearlessly crossed the swamp and did not lose heart at the first meeting with the Germans. They acted with extreme caution so as not to be discovered. They were very resourceful. When it was necessary to make the Germans go around, they quickly found themselves, playing a scene with the lumberjacks.
-And apart from the scene of Gali’s confusion and fear, they all died as heroes, defending their Motherland.

12) Were Rita and Zhenya right in wanting to raise the question of Galya’s behavior in battle at the Komsomol meeting? How does Fedot evaluate her behavior? Why does he take her on reconnaissance?

13) Why do all the girls die?
- The war was very cruel, and the death of the girls emphasizes this.

14) What would you do in Vaskov’s place, seeing sixteen Germans instead of the expected two?
-The girls themselves would not forgive the elder if he retreated. And the first is Rita. It was she who said: “What, should we watch them pass by?”
-That’s what the commander, the soldier, should have done.

15) Did he take risks? Why did he remain alive?
- Yes, I took a risk. And he survived because he was experienced, had fought a lot, knew the forest, saw and heard everything.

This is his favorite hero. He applies the following words to people of this type: “I treat them with boundless respect, because they have a sense of duty, perseverance, responsibility for their work in life.

17) Why does the story have such a title?
The contrast of nature and war, quiet dawns and brutal battle.
Anti-war orientation of the story.
The title emphasizes all the horror, all the savagery of this war in the beautiful Karelian forests.
The anti-aircraft gunner girls returned silence to the dawns, and the dawns, in turn, keep all the events that took place on one day, keep them sacred, observing the silence as before.
The expression “and the dawns here are quiet” is repeated several times in the story, as if recalling peaceful days that could not be interrupted.
Teacher. The concept of a title is ambiguous and capacious. The theme of dawn, dawn, quiet morning runs through the entire work. In the morning, at dawn, the most important events take place. Quiet dawns emphasize the beauty and solemnity of northern nature, peace and quiet, when it is difficult to imagine that somewhere nearby there is war, blood, death.
18) Which of the heroes did you like the most?

19) What is the difference between a story and a film? (S. Rostotsky)

20) Why is an epilogue needed in the story?

- Vaskov fulfilled Osyanina’s request, he remembers his dead anti-aircraft gunners.
- Grateful memory of the heroes.

And the dawns here are quiet...

May 1942 Countryside in Russia. There is a war with Nazi Germany. The 171st railway siding is commanded by foreman Fedot Evgrafych Vaskov. He is thirty-two years old. He has only four years of education. Vaskov was married, but his wife ran away with the regimental veterinarian, and his son soon died.

It's calm at the crossing. The soldiers arrive here, look around, and then start “drinking and partying.” Vaskov persistently writes reports, and, in the end, they send him a platoon of “teetotal” fighters - girl anti-aircraft gunners. At first, the girls laugh at Vaskov, but he doesn’t know how to deal with them. The commander of the first section of the platoon is Rita Osyanina. Rita's husband died on the second day of the war. She sent her son Albert to his parents. Soon Rita ended up in the regimental anti-aircraft school. With the death of her husband, she learned to hate the Germans “quietly and mercilessly” and was harsh with the girls in her unit.

The Germans kill the carrier and instead send Zhenya Komelkova, a slender red-haired beauty. A year ago, before Zhenya’s eyes, the Germans shot her loved ones. After their death, Zhenya crossed the front. He picked her up, protected her, “and not just took advantage of her defenselessness - Colonel Luzhin stuck her to himself.” He was a family man, and the military authorities, having found out about this, “recruited” the colonel, and sent Zhenya “to a good team.” Despite everything, Zhenya is “outgoing and mischievous.” Her fate immediately “crosses out Rita’s exclusivity.” Zhenya and Rita get together, and the latter “thaws out”.

When it comes to transferring from the front line to the patrol, Rita is inspired and asks to send her squad. The crossing is located not far from the city where her mother and son live. At night, Rita secretly runs into the city, carrying groceries for her family. One day, returning at dawn, Rita sees two Germans in the forest. She wakes up Vaskov. He receives orders from his superiors to “catch” the Germans. Vaskov calculates that the Germans’ route lies on the Kirov Railway.

The foreman decides to take a shortcut through the swamps to the Sinyukhina ridge, stretching between two lakes, along which is the only way to get to the railway, and wait for the Germans there - they will probably take a roundabout route. Vaskov takes Rita, Zhenya, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak with him.

Lisa is from the Bryansk region, she is the daughter of a forester. For five years I cared for my terminally ill mother, but because of this I was unable to finish school. A visiting hunter, who awakened Lisa’s first love, promised to help her enter a technical school. But the war began, Lisa ended up in an anti-aircraft unit. Lisa likes Sergeant Major Vaskov.

Sonya Gurvich from Minsk. Her father was a local doctor, they had a large and friendly family. She herself studied for a year at Moscow University and knows German. A neighbor at lectures, Sonya’s first love, with whom they spent only one unforgettable evening in a cultural park, volunteered for the front.

Galya Chetvertak grew up in an orphanage. There she was “overtaken” by her first love. After the orphanage, Galya ended up in a library technical school. The war found her in her third year.

The path to Lake Vop lies through the swamps. Vaskov leads the girls along a path well known to him, on both sides of which there is a quagmire. The soldiers safely reach the lake and, hiding on the Sinyukhina Ridge, wait for the Germans. They appear on the lake shore only the next morning. It turns out there are not two of them, but sixteen.

While the Germans have about three hours left to reach Vaskov and the girls, the foreman sends Lisa Brichkina back to the patrol to report on the change in the situation. But Lisa, crossing the swamp, stumbles and drowns. Nobody knows about this, and everyone is waiting for help. Until then, the girls decide to mislead the Germans. They pretend to be lumberjacks, shout loudly, Vaskov cuts down trees.

The Germans retreat to Lake Legontov, not daring to walk along the Sinyukhin ridge, on which, as they think, someone is cutting down the forest. Vaskov and the girls are moving to a new place. He left his pouch in the same place, and Sonya Gurvich volunteers to bring it. While in a hurry, she stumbles upon two Germans who kill her. Vaskov and Zhenya kill these Germans. Sonya is buried.

Soon the soldiers see the rest of the Germans approaching them. Hiding behind bushes and boulders, they shoot first; the Germans retreat, fearing an invisible enemy. Zhenya and Rita accuse Galya of cowardice, but Vaskov defends her and takes her with him on reconnaissance missions for “educational purposes.” But Vaskov does not suspect what mark Sonin’s death left on Gali’s soul. She is terrified and at the most crucial moment gives herself away, and the Germans kill her.

Fedot Evgrafych takes on the Germans to lead them away from Zhenya and Rita. He is wounded in the arm. But he manages to escape and reach an island in the swamp. In the water, he notices Lisa's skirt and realizes that help will not come. Vaskov finds the place where the Germans stopped to rest, kills one of them and goes to look for the girls. They are preparing to make their final battle. The Germans appear. In an unequal battle, Vaskov and the girls kill several Germans.

Rita is mortally wounded, and while Vaskov drags her to a safe place, the Germans kill Zhenya. Rita asks Vaskov to take care of her son and shoots herself in the temple. Vaskov buries Zhenya and Rita. After this, he goes to the forest hut where the five surviving Germans are sleeping. Vaskov kills one of them on the spot, and takes four prisoner. They themselves tie each other with belts, because they do not believe that Vaskov is “alone for many miles.” He loses consciousness from pain only when his own Russians are already coming towards him.

Many years later, a gray-haired, stocky old man without an arm and a rocket captain, whose name is Albert Fedotich, will bring a marble slab to Rita’s grave.

Class: 9

Subject: The story of B. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...”

Target: analyze the story by B. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...”.

Tasks:

Develop skills in working in different modalities - auditory, kinesthetic, visual, through work on the topic of the lesson;

Improve the psychological climate in the classroom in order to strengthen the emotional-volitional sphere of students;

Foster a sense of patriotism.

Equipment: TV, VCR, film “The Dawns Here Are Quiet.”

During the classes

I.Organizing time.

Teacher. Good afternoon Today we will watch fragments of a film based on Boris Vasiliev’s story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...”, which you read for this lesson and analyze it.

II.Teacher's opening speech

Teacher. This year our country celebrates another sixty-second anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. Years have passed, but human memory keeps returning and returning to those distant events, giving no rest, tormenting the soul with the question: “Why? For what? How it was?".

Today we will try to answer these questions by analyzing the story of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...”.

I would like to recall a fragment of one of the films where there is such a scene: at the monument to soldiers, in the guard of honor, a young man – our contemporary – walks with a measured step. The correspondent asks him a question:

How do you feel walking by the monument?

I walk, trying not to let anyone guess that I don’t feel anything...” the young man answered.

Who can condemn this man? And what is his fault?

(Pre-prepared students speak)

Student 1. Maybe the adults, protecting the fragile, impressionable soul of the child, did not tell him the truth about war and fascism, maybe he himself believed that these were “things of bygone days,” and now there are much more interesting and important things to do than read about the war.

But... for nothing they think that memory

Doesn't value itself

That the duckweed of time will drag on

I love any pain.

It is very important that this “truth” and “pain” have now become the property of the people, so we now have the opportunity to read works about the war written by Yu. Bondarev, V. Bykov, K. Vorobyov, A. Solzhenitsyn and many others.

Student 2. Who hides the past jealously

He is unlikely to be in harmony with the future.

We call the time in which we live complex, difficult. But in the daily whirlwind, it is so necessary to stop and soberly consider where humanity is going, remember the lessons of history and, no longer like a youth, like an adult, realize that a person does not live only by material wealth.

Teacher. For us Russians, Victory Day is a great holiday. But, unfortunately, not all people attach due importance to this event; there are also those who do not think at all about the significance of this Day in history. And yet, the majority of young Russians understand and want to know what really happened in Europe and Russia in 1935–1945.

Teacher. Many years have passed since the end of the war. Why did many writers write and write about it?

“Because that feat, the memory of it, no matter how much time passes, will not cool down in our hearts,” said V. Bykov.

“Personally, I write about it not only because war is the most difficult test for humanity,” writes Yu. Bondarev, “but because it is extremely important for me to see my character in the most difficult, most dramatic circumstances, where moral values ​​are tested to the utmost extreme.” "

Literature again and again returns us to the events of this war, to the feat of the people, which has no equal in history.

At the turn of the 1950s - 1960s, new front-line writers came to literature: Yuri Bondarev, Vasil, Boris Vasiliev and many others. So today we will get acquainted with the work of B. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...”. We will watch a television film based on this story.

Student 3. Boris Lvovich Vasiliev - prose writer, screenwriter, playwright, participant in the Great Patriotic War. By profession, he is a military test engineer. Until 1954, the year of demobilization, he remained a career military man. The experience of the war formed the basis of almost all of his works. His first works were the play “Officers” and the story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...” (1969), which brought him wide fame and became a kind of classic works about the Great Patriotic War. Before the story “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet...” (and after it) he worked a lot in cinema, creating several film scripts, including those based on his own works. Since 1960 he has been a member of the Union of Cinematographers. In most of Vasiliev’s works, the characters are ordinary people, unexamined, civilians in their characters and habits.

Teacher. Here I remember the pages of the book I read about the war by Boris Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...”, telling about the great truth, about the feat of arms of our ancestors, which they performed “not for the sake of glory - for the sake of life on earth.”

(Lines from the story are read.)

“It was May 1942. In the west (on damp nights the heavy roar of artillery could be heard from there), both sides, having dug two meters into the ground, were finally stuck in a positional war; in the east the Germans bombed the canal and the Murmansk road day and night; in the north there was a fierce struggle for sea routes; in the south, besieged Leningrad continued its stubborn struggle.”

IV. Watching a movie using student messages about the characters in the story.

Student 1. Rita Osyanina. Strict, she never laughs, she just moves her lips a little, but her eyes still remain serious. She is a widow. Of all the pre-war events, Rita remembered most clearly a school evening: a meeting with the heroes of the border guards. (Fragment from the film.)

They wanted to send Rita to the rear, but she asked to go into battle. They drove her away, forced her into the heated vehicles, but the persistent wife of the deceased deputy head of the outpost, Senior Lieutenant Osyanin, appeared again at the fortified area headquarters every other day. In the end, she was hired as a nurse, and six months later she was sent to the regimental anti-aircraft school.

Senior Lieutenant Osyanin died on the second day of the war in a morning counterattack.

The authorities valued the unsmiling widow of the hero-border guard: she noted it in her orders, set it as an example, and therefore respected her personal request - to send her, upon completion of her studies, to the area where the outpost stood, where her husband died in a fierce bayonet battle.

On the screen is a fragment of the film “The Dawns Here Are Quiet...” with the participation of Zhenya Komelkova.

Student 2. Zhenya Komelkova. Tall, fair-haired, white-skinned. Extremely sociable and mischievous. Either during the break he will dance a gypsy song, or suddenly he will start telling a novel - you will listen to him.

Children's eyes: green, round, like saucers. Beautiful…

Beautiful people are rarely happy. Zhenya was left alone. Mom, sister, brother - they all were killed with a machine gun. The families of the command staff were captured and put under machine gun fire, and the Estonian woman hid her.

This means that she also has a personal account.

Student 3. Lisa Brichkina. Stocky, dense, healthy, “forest” beauty. She lived all nineteen years in a sense of tomorrow. Every morning she was burned by an impatient premonition of dazzling happiness, and every time her mother’s exhausting cough pushed this date with the holiday until tomorrow. He didn’t kill, he didn’t cross out, he moved it away.

Life was a tangible concept for Lisa. She was hiding somewhere in the shining tomorrow and for now she was avoiding this cordon lost in the forests, but Lisa knew firmly that this life existed, that it was intended for her and it was impossible to bypass it, just as it was impossible not to wait for tomorrow. And Lisa knew how to wait...

Fragment from the film.

...But the war began, and instead of the city, Lisa ended up doing defensive work. All summer I dug trenches and anti-tank fortifications. In late autumn, she ended up somewhere beyond Valdai, attached herself to an anti-aircraft unit and therefore ended up at the 171st siding...

Student 1. Galya Chetvertak. She is thin, with a big nose, and her thin pigtails stick out.

Galya was a foundling, and the orphanage even gave her the last name Chetvertak because she was the shortest of all.

Galya studied diligently, tinkered with the October students and even agreed to sing in the choir, although all her life she dreamed of solo roles, long dresses and universal worship. (Fragment from the film.)

The war found Gal in his fourth year at the library technical school, and on the very first Monday their entire group came to the military registration and enlistment office.

The group was taken to the front, but Galya was not. But she did not give up, stubbornly stormed the military registration and enlistment office until the colonel, as an exception, sent Galya to become an anti-aircraft gunner.

Student 2. Sonya Gurvich. Serious face, intelligent, penetrating eyes. Inconspicuous and efficient. In Minsk, she lived in a very friendly and large family: children, nephews, grandmother, mother’s unmarried sister, some other distant relative - all in one apartment.

One day she noticed that it was no coincidence that her desk neighbor disappeared with her in the reading room.

Fragment from the film.

Five days after their only and unforgettable evening in the Park of Culture and Recreation, a friend gave her a thin book of Blok’s poems and went to the front.

Sonya did not know whether the family was still alive. She hit the anti-aircraft gunner by accident; the front was on the defensive, there were enough translators, but no anti-aircraft gunners.

So she was seconded to the anti-aircraft unit.

Teacher. The lives of these girls, before they even began, were so tragically cut short. Death and youth coincided in the war.

How did the girls die? Like heroes. Each tried to do everything they could, tried to fight to the end.

Stills from the film.

Student 3. Lisa.“A terrible lonely cry sounded for a long time over the indifferent rusty swamp. He flew up to the tops of the pines, got confused in the young foliage of the alder, fell until he wheezed, and again, with the last of his strength, flew up to the cloudless sky.

Lisa saw this beautiful blue sky for a long time. Wheezing, spitting out dirt and reaching out, reaching out to him, reaching out and believing.

The sun slowly rose above the trees, its rays fell on the swamp, and Lisa saw its light for the last time - warm, unbearably bright, like the promise of tomorrow. And until the last moment she believed that this would happen tomorrow for her too...”

Stills from the film.

Student 1. Sonya.“And the foreman was all sharpened, sharpened in response to that cry. A single, almost silent cry that he suddenly caught, recognized and understood. He heard such screams with which everything flies away, everything dissolves and therefore rings. It rings inside, in you, and you will never forget this last ringing. It’s as if he’s freezing and cooling, sucking, pulling at the heart.

Sonya looked dimly at the sky with half-closed eyes.

She was an excellent student,” said Osyanina. – An excellent student – ​​both at school and at the institute.

Yes,” the foreman nodded. - I read poetry.

But I thought to myself: this is not the main thing.

And the main thing is that Sonya could have given birth to children, and they would have given birth to grandchildren and great-grandchildren, but now this thread will not exist. A small thread in the endless yarn of humanity, cut with a knife...”

Fragment from the film.

Student 2. Galya.“She always lived in the imaginary world more actively than in the real one, and now she would like to forget everything, erase it from her memory, she wanted to - but could not. And this gave birth to a dull, cast-iron horror, and she walked under the yoke of this horror, no longer understanding anything.

The machine gun struck briefly. Her last cry was lost in a gurgling wheeze. Everything in the clearing froze. For a second it froze, as if in a dream.”

Fragment from the film.

Student 3. Zhenya.“Zhenya was not upset, she was never upset at all. She believed in herself and now, leading the Germans away from Osyanina, she did not doubt for a moment that everything would end well.

And even when the bullet hit her in the side, she was simply surprised. It was so stupid, so absurd and implausible to die at nineteen.”

Fragment from the film.

Student 1. Rita. “Rita cried, cried silently, without sighs, tears just flowed down her face: she realized that Zhenya was no more.

Rita asked Vaskov if his hand hurt.

He clenched his teeth. He swayed, cradling his hand.

This is where it hurts. “He poked me in the chest. – It’s itching here, Rita. It itches so much! I put you down, I put all five of you there, but for what? For a dozen Krauts?

Well, why do that... It’s still clear, it’s war,” said Rita.

It's still war, of course. And then, when will there be peace? Will it be clear why you had to die? Why didn’t I let these Krauts go further, why did I make such a decision? What to answer when they ask: why weren’t you guys able to protect our mothers from bullets? Why did you marry them with death, but you yourself are intact? Did they take care of the Kirovskaya Road and the White Sea Canal? Yes, there must be security there too, there are a lot more people there than five girls and a foreman with a revolver...

“No,” Rita said quietly, “the Motherland doesn’t start with the canals.” And we protected her. First her, and only then the channel.

He felt rather than heard this weak shot drowned in the branches.”

Fragment from the film.

Teacher. They fought without sparing themselves, their beauty, their youth. These girls were vulnerable, sensitive, gentle, but they had to fight and kill. They, who should have become mothers, continuers of life.

It’s still scary to read B. Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”. A woman in war is perceived as something unnatural. The young heroines of the story dream of life - and die. They are ready to die for victory, but everything speaks of the injustice of these deaths. Yes, the main essence of war is the truth about death, and B. Vasiliev was able to portray it very well. Of course, we understand that this is death for the sake of life. But that doesn't make it any less scary.

B. Vasiliev’s heroes not only fought in the war, but also loved, dreamed, hoped, and reflected. The intensity of the internal struggle - the analysis of human character, came to the fore, forced us to take a deeper look at the nature of heroism.

B. Vasiliev raises the question not only about the meaning of victory, but also about its PRICE; the writer turned to an extreme situation when, in order to avoid large losses, it was necessary to sacrifice small forces. But is this a small price?

Question for discussion:

- At what cost was the victory won?

(Children's answers and discussion.)

V.Conversation on content. Final words from the teacher.

Teacher. War is a great lesson for all people. And the works of modern writers allow us, people born in peacetime, to understand how difficult the trials of war are, how much grief it brings to people, how terrible death in war is.

More than 60 years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic War, and memory again and again brings us back to those heroic and tragic days.

The images of front-line soldiers emerging from the pages of books about the Great Patriotic War remind us of what a person should be, remind us of his value, dignity, and of the moral principles to which we must be faithful in any circumstances.

We live in peacetime, but even now explosions are heard here and there on planet Earth. It is not always calm on Russian soil either. Right now it is necessary to rethink the greatness of the feat of those who survived the war. These are not only soldiers at the front, these are also the boys who stood at the machines, and the village women who fed the army and the country, and people whose feat could have been to simply remain human in the inhuman conditions of occupation and blockade.

Teacher. The years of the Great Patriotic War will never be forgotten. The further, the more majestic they unfold in our memory, and more than once the heart will want to relive again and again the sacred, difficult and heroic epic of the days when the whole country stood up to defend the Motherland, everyone from small to large.

As long as the memory lives, the heroes of the Great Patriotic War live.

VI.Lesson summary.

Guys, what did we talk about today?

What new things have you learned about the people who fought?

Thank you for the lesson.

An analysis of Vasiliev’s work “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” will be useful in preparing for literature lessons for 8th grade students. This is a surprisingly heartfelt tragic story about the role of women in war. The author touches on the problems of historical memory, courage and bravery, heroism and cowardice, inhuman cruelty. The fate of five young girls, for whom the first battle was the last, was truthfully and touchingly portrayed by the writer who went through the entire war - Boris Vasiliev.

Brief Analysis

Year of writing– 1969.

History of creation– the text was originally conceived as a story about seven heroes who were able to defend their combat objective at the cost of their own lives. However, having rethought the plot, adding novelty to it, the author changed the idea - 5 anti-aircraft gunners appeared who came under the command of Sergeant Vaskov.

Subject- feat of women in war.

Composition– narration from the sergeant’s point of view, through his eyes the author shows the events at the crossing. Memories, retrospectives, pictures from the past are a fairly common technique that harmoniously weaves into the narrative the stories of the destinies of the girls and the sergeant himself.

Genre- story.

Direction- realistic military prose.

History of creation

The first publication took place in the magazine “Youth” in 1969. Boris Vasiliev wanted to write a story about a feat that actually took place in 1942 in one small outpost. Seven soldiers who participated in the operation stopped the enemy at the cost of their lives. But after writing a few pages, the author realized that his plot was one of thousands; there are a lot of such stories in literature.

And he decided that the sergeant would have girls under his command, not men. The narrative began to sparkle with new colors. This story brought great fame to the author, because no one wrote about women in the war, this topic was left without attention. The writer approached the creation of images of anti-aircraft gunners very responsibly: they are completely unique and absolutely believable.

Subject

Subject completely new for military prose: war through the eyes of a woman. By artistically transforming reality, endowing the heroines with completely different individual traits, the author achieved amazing verisimilitude. People believed in real girls, especially after the film adaptation of the story in 1972.

Meaning of the name is revealed at the very end of the story, when the surviving foreman and the son of one of the dead anti-aircraft gunners come to the site of the girls’ deaths after the war to erect a monument. And the phrase that became the title of the story sounds like the thought that life goes on. The mournful calm of these words contrasts with the terrible tragedy that happened here. Main thought, embedded in the title of the story - only nature lives correctly, everything is quiet and calm in it, but in the human world there are storms, confusion, hatred, pain.

Feat in war is a common thing, but a woman fighter is something touchingly sacred, naive and helpless. Not all heroines understand what war is, not all have seen death: they are young, diligent and full of hatred for the enemy. But the girls are not ready to face a real war: the reality turns out to be worse and more merciless than the young “fighters in skirts” could have expected.

Anyone who reads Vasiliev’s story inevitably comes to the conclusion that the tragedy could have been avoided if the foreman and his “combat units” had been more experienced, if only... But war does not wait for readiness, death in war is not always a feat, there is an accident, there is stupidity , there is inexperience. The truthfulness of the work is the secret of its success and recognition of the author’s talent, and problems– a guarantee of the demand for the work. What this work teaches should remain in the hearts of future generations: war is scary, it does not distinguish between gender and age, we must remember those who gave their lives for our future. Idea of all the works of Boris Vasiliev about the war: we must remember those terrible years in the life of the country, preserve and pass on this knowledge from generation to generation so that the war does not happen again.

Composition

The narration is told from the perspective of Sergeant Vaskov, his memories form the main plot. The narration is interspersed with lyrical digressions, excerpts from childhood from memories of various years that emerge in the memory of the foreman. Through his male perception, the author presents images of gentle, touching anti-aircraft gunner girls, revealing the motives for which they end up at the front.

To introduce readers to the next heroine, the author simply transfers the action to her past, replaying the brightest moments from the character’s life. The pictures of peaceful life are so inconsistent with the horrors of war that, returning to the events at the crossing, the reader involuntarily wants to return to peacetime. Compositionally, the story contains all the classic components: exposition, plot, climax, denouement and epilogue.

Main characters

Genre

The work is written in the middle genre of military prose - a story. The term “lieutenant's prose” appeared in literature thanks to those who, having gone through the front-line years as junior officers, became writers, covering the events experienced during the Patriotic War. Vasiliev’s story also belongs to lieutenant prose; the author has his own unique view of military reality.

In terms of content, the work is quite worthy of the novel form, and the ideological component, perhaps, has no equal in Russian literature of that period. War through women's eyes is even more terrible because next to death there are heels and beautiful lingerie, which beauties persistently hide in duffel bags. Vasiliev's story is completely unique in its piercing tragedy, vitality and deep psychologism.

Literature lesson notes in 9th (10th, 11th) grade

Subject: “War does not have a woman’s face” (Based on the story by B. Vasilyev “And the dawns here are quiet...”).

Lesson type: lesson-seminar.

Goals and objectives of the lesson:

1. Disclosure of the feat, its deepest humanistic essence.
2. Showing the high moral qualities of a simple Russian person, whom the heroic time made a real citizen, active and proactive.
3. Consolidating the skill of analyzing an image - a character (character).

Methods and techniques: observation, analysis, comparison.

Equipment: multimedia presentation, exhibition of books about the Great Patriotic War.

Training technologies:problem-based learning technology, project method, E.N. Ilyin’s system: teaching literature as a subject that shapes a person, computer.

Questions, given to students in advance:

1. What is unique about the character of each of the five girls - anti-aircraft gunners?
2. Can we consider that the story contains a collective image of a woman at war?
3. What idea of ​​heroism and feat in the Great Patriotic War is given in the story?
4. How does the character of Sergeant Major Vaskov and the attitude of the author-narrator towards him change throughout the story?
5. When and for what purpose does Boris Vasiliev use the author’s characterization of Vaskov, a retreat into his past (chapters 5,6); and into the past of each of the five girls (chap. 2,7,8,10,13)?
6. How is the problem “Man and Circumstance” revealed in the story?
7. How do you understand the title of the story?
8. To whom is B. Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet…” addressed? To answer this question, analyze the epilogue.

Epigraph to the lesson:

And aren’t we, the living ones, inspired to tireless work and new exploits by the severe responsibility that we bear not only before future generations, but also before the blessed memory of those who fought and went to their death defending their Motherland...

M. Sholokhov.

During the classes:

1.Opening remarks about B. Vasiliev.

Mini project. Presentation by a pre-prepared student.

Participant of the Great Patriotic War.

2. Conversation with text analysis.

1. Where does the story take place?

The story takes place in 1942 at junction 171 of the Murmansk road.

2. Brief retelling. Emphasize the originality of the characters of Zhenya Komelkova and Rita Osyanina. All the other heroines of the story are endowed with uniqueness.

It is proposed to analyze the uniqueness of the characters of each girl.

Zhenya Komelkova has a bright beauty that is admired by both men and women, friends and even enemies.

The uniqueness of Rita Osyanina’s appearance lies in her pronounced sense of duty.

Sonya Gurvich is characterized by poetry combined with fragility and insecurity, which evoke a desire to protect and protect.

The main thing about Liza Brichkina is her closeness to nature, her open cordiality, and the peculiarity of Gali Chetvertak is her ability to transform reality, her irrepressible imagination.

1. What do we learn about the peaceful life of girls on the road?

Mischievous, cheerful, they do not behave as they should in war. “During the day they did endless laundry,” they walked carefree through the forest, chattered like magpies, sunbathed, instead of a command – “complete ridicule” (“Luda, Vera, Katenka - on guard! Katya is the breeder!”) “Boots with thin stockings, and foot wraps wrapped around , like scarves." At first I just can’t believe that they will have to fight and shoot. And nearby is war, terrible, merciless, nearby is death.

Vasiliev shows the most incredible combination of incompatible phenomena: woman and war.

5.Which of the girls has a personal score with their enemies? Mini project. (Message about Rita, Zhenya).

Each of the girls has her own personal account with the Nazis.

Rita Osyanina died on the second day of the “war in her husband’s morning counterattack.”

Zhenya Komelkova’s mother, sister, brother were killed with a machine gun. The families of the commanding officers were captured and put under arrest.”

How did the rest get to the front? What will we learn about the past of Lisa, Sonya, and Galya?

Liza Brichkina has a failed premonition of dazzling happiness.

Sonya Gurvich has “a friendly, very large family in occupied Minsk.”

She loves theater and poetry.

Galya Chetvertak has unfulfilled fantasies.

From the unique characters of the five anti-aircraft gunner girls in the story, a capacious collective image of a Russian woman, a patriotic woman, a defender of her Motherland, imperceptibly grows.

In fact, each of the five heroines becomes the bearer of one of the essential qualities of this collective image.

1. What unites girls?

The pages of the story poetize the femininity and charm of young heroines. The everyday life of an anti-aircraft battery, the life of a girl's unit, even how girls, in a purely feminine way, establish relationships with each other, sometimes breaking the chain of command, are depicted with humor. They unanimously try to sabotage the orders of the cracker Vaskov.

Vasiliev writes with bitterness about how the harsh reality of war comes into irreconcilable contradictions with the love of life, tenderness, and kindness inherent in a woman.

The following scenes confirm this:

1. when Rita Osyanin6a kills her first German. The shock from the murder, although it was just retribution, is so great that when the girls congratulated her, “she smiled with a pasted-on smile. She was shaking all night."
2. Zhenya Komelkova experiences the same feelings in hand-to-hand combat, when for the first time she has to kill an enemy with a butt “on a living head” (as Vaskov says). And this despite the fact that Rita and Zhenya have their own, and considerable, score to settle with the fascists.

All the heroines of the story are united by their readiness to engage in battle with enemies without hesitation.

Five girls stood in an embrace with three-line soldiers against an entire sabotage group of specially trained killers, trained and armed to the teeth. But now, without demanding any discounts for themselves and without even thinking about them, they are doing everything to stop the enemy. And for this they do not spare their lives.

1. Why does the author give memories of the pre-war life of the girls before describing the death of each of them?

The pre-war life of the girls, full of hope, joy, light, makes it especially clear how stupid, how absurd and implausible it was to die at the age of 19.

Boris Vasiliev understands and makes us understand that the concepts of war and women are incompatible.

They knew neither love, nor motherhood, nor grief, nor joy; They hadn’t seen anything in life yet because they were completely green. And they die.

Statement of a problematic question.

How do girls behave in difficult times and how do they die?

Why did Lisa die - she was more experienced than others?

She tried to quickly fulfill Vaskov’s order. We see her horror and until the last moment the belief that tomorrow will be for her too.”

1. Which of the girls did you particularly like and remember?

1. Death of Zhenya (by heart) ch. 13. Pre-prepared student.

1. Why didn’t Zhenya hide, but take the fight?

She wanted to somehow help Rita, who was mortally wounded, and Vaskov, who must see the matter through to the end. Zhenya understood that by leading the Germans away from her comrades, she was thereby saving them from certain death.

Was Rita right to shoot herself in the temple?

Rita helps out the foreman twice. First she takes the fire on herself and therefore receives a mortal wound. And now she realizes her position and the position of the wounded Vaskov and does not want to be a burden to him. She understands how important it is to finish their common cause, to detain the Germans, so she shoots herself.

1. How did Sonya and Galya die?

Statement of a problematic question. Discussion.

Is it possible to condemn their death?

Of course, it is easiest to condemn. But just imagine them in military uniform with weapons in their hands, first in a swamp, then in the forest.

1. How do girls make Vaskov feel?

Both of them are small, “city giants”. Sonya is as thin as an autumn rook, her boots are two numbers too big, she stomps around with them, a duffel bag on her back, and a rifle in her hands. She was very exhausted, “the butt was already dragging on the ground. And the face is sharp and ugly. But it’s very serious. Vaskov thinks about her with pity and involuntarily asks her a question like a child: “Are your father and mother alive or are you an orphan?” And after Sonya’s answer and sigh, “Vaskov’s heart was slashed” from this sigh... And he thought: “Oh, you little sparrow, can you bear the grief on your hump?”

And next to her is Galka, a skinny little thing. She did not fit the army standards either in height or age. I imagined her, little (Chetvertachok), also with a rifle and a duffel bag, without boots, in just a stocking.

My thumb sticks out into the hole, blue from the cold. And Vaskov treats her like a child. He wants to cover her, protect her, he takes her in his arms so that she doesn’t get her feet wet again. Let us remember how they endure the difficulties of the journey.

Here they are walking through the swamp, Jackdaw has already lost her boot. But everyone stubbornly climbs forward, puffs on and on: “He drove his girls vigorously, but the girls didn’t give up, they just turned red. He ran until he had enough breath. And behind him they are thin, small, in uniform, with weapons. And - not a word of complaint.

Even Sonya smiles, and Galka is offended why she is left in reserve. She has a fever, she is sick, but she is silent, only her eyes are sad. And in the morning, to Vaskov’s question: “How are you?” She answers: “Nothing,” she tries to smile and volunteered to go on guard duty herself. And then, together with Sonya, she burned fires in full view of the Germans. Sonya died because she wanted to please Vaskov by rushing for his pouch. She was killed with a knife in the chest.

Vasiliev himself recalls:

“The percentage of intelligent girls, students, most often first-year students, was very large at the front. For them, the war was the most terrible thing. Somewhere among them “my Sonya Gurvich is also fighting.”

What does Vaskov say after Sonya’s death and what does he think about?

“I read poetry.”

What is Galya's condition?

Sonya is buried, and Galka carries her, then, by order of Vaskov, she must put on her boots. “Endowed by nature with a vivid imagination, Galya now physically, to the point of nausea, felt a knife penetrating into the tissue, felt the crunch of torn flesh, felt the heavy smell of blood.

This gave birth to a dull cast-iron horror.” And there are enemies nearby, death.

1. Statement of a problematic question. Discussion.

Are Rita and Zhenya right in wanting to raise the issue of behavior at the Komsomol meeting?

Gali in battle?

1. How does Fedot Vaskov evaluate Gali’s behavior?
2. Why does he take Galya on reconnaissance?

He believes that there was no cowardice. “The cowardice in the second battle is only visible. And this is just confusion. Vaskov always followed the regulations very precisely and strictly, he got used to it. And it says that the commander must also be an educator of his subordinates. Therefore, he takes Galya with him, although he understands that it would be better for Zhenya.

1. Statement of a problematic question. Discussion.

Can we say that the girls behaved heroically?

They fearlessly crossed the swamp and did not lose heart when they learned that there were much more Germans than they expected. They acted very carefully so as not to discover themselves. They were very resourceful. And all of them, except for the confusion and fear of Gali Chetvertak, died as heroes, defending the Motherland, realizing that “The Motherland does not begin from the canals, not from there at all. We protected her. First her, and only then the channel” (Rita).

The feat of each of the heroines of the work becomes especially weighty and significant because they are women, filled with love for people, destined by nature itself to continue life on Earth, tender and fragile, shoulder the burden of military concerns, enter into a merciless battle with cruel invaders and die , defending at the cost of their barely begun lives the freedom and future of the Motherland.

1. Statement of a problematic question. Discussion.

Why do you think all the girls die?

The war was very cruel. And the death of the girls underscores this cruelty.

At one of the readers' conferences, B. Vasiliev, answering this question, emphasized: we must keep in mind that we are talking about German paratroopers of 1942, about experienced, well-armed soldiers who had not yet surrendered. To stop them, it was necessary to pay with the lives of Soviet people. And here against them there is only one foreman and five inexperienced girls. But these girls knew perfectly well why they gave their lives.

An expressive reading of the last conversation between Vaskov and Rita (chapter 14).

(Exploring the theme of featcontinues to work on the image of Sergeant Major Vaskov, the central hero of the story (evolution of the hero)).

18.Who is the commander of the girls?

The sergeant major’s past explains a lot about what he is today. First of all, considering it a big hindrance that “he is a man with almost no education,” although this is not his fault: “right at the end of ... the fourth (grade), a bear broke his father.” And from the age of 14 he became “the breadwinner, the water provider, and the breadwinner” in the family. “Vaskov felt older than he was.” And this, in turn, explains why he was a sergeant major in the army, not only by rank, but by his essence as a senior sergeant,” which became a peculiar feature of his worldview. The author sees Vaskov’s seniority as a kind of symbol. A symbol of the supporting fundamental role of people like Vaskov, conscientious workers, hard workers in all life and in the military too. As a “senior”, he takes care of the fighters, takes care of order, and ensures strict fulfillment of the task.

“I saw the whole meaning of my existence in the punctual execution of someone else’s will.”

But (pedantic) adherence to every letter of the regulations reveals the limited horizons of the foreman and often puts him in a ridiculous position.

The relationship between the foreman and the anti-aircraft gunners is difficult at first precisely because, from Vaskov’s point of view, the girls constantly violate the regulations, and from the girls’ point of view, because Vaskov blindly follows the regulations, unable to take into account living life, which does not fit in any way in the statutory paragraphs.

The girls for the foreman (at this stage) are “eh, warriors!”, and for the girls he is “a mossy stump: there are 20 words in reserve, and those are from the regulations” (The word charter itself and other military terms do not leave Vaskov’s language. Trying, for example, to express his impression of the piercing beauty of Zhenya Komelkova, he says: “The incredible power of the eye, like a hundred and fifty millimeter howitzer gun”).

The mortal battle with saboteurs became the test in which Vaskov’s character was revealed more deeply and matured.

The need to maintain good spirits in his small detachment forces the foreman, who is stingy with the expression of feelings, to “attach a smile with all his might to his lips.”

Recognizing the girl fighters, he is imbued with warm sympathy for the grief of each of them.

Having become close to these girls through a common misfortune, common losses, a common desire to win, to defend their land, he says: “What kind of elder am I to you, sisters? I’m kind of like a brother now.”

Thus, in battle, the soul of the stern Vaskov is filled with living, beneficial humanity, the soul of the stern Vaskov is straightened, and the girls are imbued with respect for Vaskov, trusting his life experience - military, labor.

But even more significant is another change in the character of the hero. We have already said that by way of thinking, by habits, Vaskov is a performer worthy of the highest praise for his conscientiousness. And the situation in which he finds himself required from him the ability to make decisions independently, guess about the enemy’s plans, and prevent them.

And, overcoming the initial confusion and apprehension, Vaskov acquires determination and initiative. And he does everything that could really be the only correct, necessary and possible thing. Students emphasize that the foreman’s very attitude towards the charter did not change at that moment, but now it does not cause a smile, since in it Fedot Evgrafych seeks support for his thoughts.

Vaskov reasons:

It's not just about who will shoot who. War is about who will change someone's mind. The charter was created for this purpose, to free your head, so that you can think into the distance, on the other side, for the enemy.

B. Vasiliev sees the basis for such a spiritual transformation of the foreman in his primordial moral qualities, primarily in the ineradicable sense of responsibility “for everything in the world”: for order on the road and for the safety of government property, for the mood of his subordinates and for their compliance with statutory rules.

Thus, the story reveals the connection between the conscientiousness, diligence of the Soviet worker and his ability for high civic activity. (Student output).

“Vaskov knew one thing in this battle: not to retreat. Don’t give up a single piece of land on this coast to the Germans. No matter how hard it is, no matter how hopeless it is, to keep... And he had such a feeling, as if all of Russia had come together behind his back, as if he, F.E.V. was now her last son and protector. And there was no one else in the whole world: only he, the enemy, and Russia.”

A single feat - the defense of Russia - equates Sergeant Major Vaskov and the five girls who “hold their front, their Russia” on the Sinyukhin Ridge.

This is how another motive of the story arises: everyone on his own sector of the front must do the possible and the impossible for victory, so that the dawns are quiet.

This is the measure of the heroic, according to Vasiliev.

19. Statement of a problematic question. Discussion.

The story ends tragically, but why does it still carry

Optimistic character?

20. How does B. Vasiliev show that the relay of feat continues?

(Today)?

21. Statement of a problematic question. Discussion.

Why is the story called this?

Summarizing.

Homework:An essay on the topic “War does not have a woman’s face...” (Based on the story by B. Vasilyev “And the dawns here are quiet...”).