Where does the name kishka tonka come from? The meaning of the small intestine in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia

Winter this year turned out to be anything but wintery. And instead of sleds and ice cubes, the children brought a soccer ball into the yard. Fathers, without thinking twice, also joined the community chasing a leather friend.

And why sit at home? This won't make it snow, but holidays ends very quickly. So we need to take advantage of the opportunity.

— Tanya, we are missing one player for the team. Will you go? — The young man was addressing a girl dressed in a bright tracksuit.

- I? Kohl, what are you doing? So what's football like in January? “She looked at the almost formed teams, consisting of both children and adults.

- So you won't go? Is your gut thin?

“Uncle Kohl, can I?” a boy of about ten walked down the steps of the entrance.

“Come on,” the young man waved his hand and went to the players.

“Football in January... Madhouse,” the girl looked in surprise at the people running across the field, “How did we offend Mother Nature so much?”

What does this expression mean and where did it come from?

From the meaning it is clear that the young man was trying to tease his interlocutor with this phrase. Like, you're afraid you won't be able to handle it.

Then what does guts have to do with it?

As usual, there are many versions of the origin of this expression. Choose the one that is closest to you.

So, version one, with a medical twist.

With strong physical stress, problems with muscles and ligaments can occur. And as doctors say, internal organs They also suffer very often. Not everyone can achieve such physical records.

Second version.

When there is severe emotional or physical shock, the human body responds differently. The expression “small gut” refers to the fact that in moments of great fear, some people have a very weak bladder. It happens. Some people release the required portion of adrenaline into their body, while others do not.

Version three.

IN Arabic There is an expression "kisak". Probably, it was from him that the pouch and also the case came from. But the most interesting thing is that “kisak” means “your wallet.”

And then our expression literally means “your wallet is thin.” Those. in this case it is no longer indicated physical abilities, and not because of weakness of spirit. Here it is clearly and clearly shown that in financially the person doesn't pull.

But in any case, this expression indicates that some difficulties: physical, emotional or financial put a person in a position where he is unable to do something.

And this phrase usually sounds sarcastically.

The game continued. No one noticed how lonely snowflakes began to fall from the sky. They reached the ground already in the form of raindrops.

Apparently winter really wanted to reign on the earth. She tried to show her presence at least with such a hint.

But as we humans would say, winter had thin guts. We usually say this, without going into details of the reasons for what is happening either in nature or in human lives. We are used to making diagnoses even about things we don’t understand at all.

We are such ordinary people: completely imperfect.

I am always glad to see you on the pages of the site “I want to know everything”

There are people, both mentally and physically, who are very strong. They succeed in everything! Everything is easy and simple! They know how to firmly say no and are not afraid to admit their weaknesses. And they don’t have weaknesses, and if they do, no one even knows about them.

But today we are not talking about them, but about another category. These are people who have a difficult life, for whom making every decision is a difficult process. And all because you constantly have to prove something. To whom? Both for yourself and for those around you. Prove that they are strong, that they are not afraid of anything. I'm not a weakling! Proving this becomes the main business of life.

After all, who is in favor these days? Strong personality, capable of not only clearly formulating and setting a problem, but also solving it. And sometimes it doesn’t matter how. The main thing is that the goal is achieved. Such people go ahead without thinking much about morality and legality. But these are the ones they respect, they try to be like them.

But not everyone is given this “valuable” ability to “fit” so gently into the conditions that life dictates. It sounds exactly like this addressed to them: “Where is he? The guts are thin!

Oh, how easy, how simply we evaluate our neighbor! How much disdain there is in this expression! But the reason is different, and not everyone who has a small intestine is worthy of contempt.

In fact, you have a small intestine young man who does not want to join the army. No, he is not necessarily a coward! Just afraid of this tough life. Doesn't consider himself ready for it. Here the press went overboard and gave society such a “portrait” army life that both the boys and their parents became panicky about military service.

There are pacifists and believers who abhor weapons and will never pick them up. But brutal men believe that without going through this “school of life” it is impossible to get real training. But, alas, the guts are thin! You'll have to evade the army, get a certificate of unfitness, or simply hide from the military registration and enlistment office.

Try to speak out against rudeness. Make sure right away that this is not easy either. The gut cannot stand it even when the situation requires decisive intervention. Need action? But he won't be there! Nothing will happen, because it’s scary to step off the tower and jump into the water. What's a harmless tower there? It’s terribly scary, your lips go numb, and your courage, which is already so little, evaporates with lightning speed at the sight of real danger.

So people jump, hearing: “He who doesn’t jump is a Muscovite.” Don't you dare jump? So they can injure and kill! Out of caution, in the name of self-preservation, today we will jump together with everyone. And tomorrow we’ll just stand in the crowd, but a little to the side, at the House of Trade Unions in Odessa. No, we won’t finish off anyone, and we won’t shoot either - we’re not animals! But we won’t be able to escape the crowd. And there’s nothing you can do about it – it’s too small a gut!

And then we’ll slide down, we won’t even notice. But we will no longer be able to refuse to shoot at the separatists. They will order you to shoot from a distance first. The destroyed houses and mutilated corpses of women and children will not be visible. A little game of war, and return home as a hero.

But life will make adjustments. We will continue to slide, lower and lower, because one meanness, even the smallest, will certainly drag another along with it. It’s scary to kill, and it’s also scary not to kill. They will, of course, declare him an accomplice of the separatists and shoot him himself!

These are, of course, examples of the most latest events modern history. But it is they who demonstrate today, most clearly, how easily and quickly you can turn into a criminal. Everyone should say: “I’m a coward! I have no guts! But I’m not a scoundrel and I don’t want to become one and won’t!” After all, according to all laws - both Divine, human, and legal - murder and betrayal are strictly punishable. Don't have the strength to shout it? So at least admit to yourself - this is already half the battle.

God save us all from such a choice! From fear of punitive forces! From the horror of war, from shell explosions, from losses and deaths! And most importantly, from painful shame for my actions.

And now a few words about those cases when it is not at all worth fighting the concept of “guts”. This is me talking about how cleverly other people can manipulate us with the help of this magic phrase. Don't smoke?! Don't you drink?! Have you tried drugs?! So, you have a weak gut! And then follows the harsh conclusion that our young fellow citizens are so afraid of: “You are a weakling!”

This is already a stigma, and many are willing to do anything to wash it off, to prove their strength. How

Explain to them that in this case it is not at all ashamed to admit one’s “weakness”? And a firm no, said in response to each of these questions, is the best proof of strength of character.

What happens? If you are an indecisive person, if you are a coward, then it is worth fighting with your weaknesses. Declare to yourself that the expression “guts” is not said about you. In this case, you can and should fight with yourself.

And if you are provoked to meanness, to any nasty thing, then there is no need to prove to anyone that everything is fine with your guts. This is definitely the lot of weaklings.

The meaning of SMALL INTESTINE in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia

SMALL INTESTINE

(intestinum tenue) ? In humans, it is divided into the duodenum (duodenum), jejunum (jejunum) and ileum (ilium), with the thick one forming 2/5, and the ilium 3/5 of the entire length of the intestine, reaching 7? 8 m (from 472 cm to 1055, and on average 641.3 cm). In general, in vertebrate herbivores, the intestine, like the entire intestine, is longer than in carnivores. The duodenum gets its name because its size is almost 12 inches (digiti). In humans, it is tightly adjacent to the posterior abdominal wall and forms three sections: the upper part (pars superior) stretches transversely from the pyloric part of the stomach. This part, having formed a sharp bend, passes into the almost vertical descending part (pars descendons) lying at a right angle to it. This latter forms another bend and continues into the horizontal lower part (pars inferior). The ducts of the pancreas and liver flow into the descending part nearby. The head of the pancreas is located in the curvature formed by the duodenum. Top part covered with almost complete peritoneal cover, while the other parts are covered with it only in front. Without a sharp boundary, the duodenum passes into the jejunum and ileum, which are essentially impossible to distinguish between each other. This part of the T. intestine forms numerous convolutions and bends, filling the middle and lower parts of the abdominal cavity and going down into the pelvic cavity. Its upper part is wider, and the lower part is narrower and has thinner walls. The wall of the T. intestine is formed by a serous layer, muscular, consisting of external longitudinal fibers and internal transverse ones; and the mucous membrane, which connects through a loose submucosal layer with the muscular layer. The mucous membrane of the T. intestine is characterized by special transverse folds (valvulae conviventes Kerckringii), which, however, are not present in the upper part of the duodenum and in the lower part of the T. These folds are more frequent in the upper part of the intestine, and each stretches approximately half the circumference of the intestine. In the descending part of the duodenum there is a longitudinal fold on the posterior wall. At the bottom of this fold, the ducts of the pancreas and liver open on the flat papilla. The mucous membrane of T. intestine has a velvety surface, as it is covered with densely seated villi (villi intestinales). In the wall of the T. intestine lie the Lieberkuhn glands (glandulae Lieberkuehnianae), which open in pairs between the villi throughout the entire length of the T. intestine. The duodenum contains Brunner's glands, which are especially numerous in its upper part. Are there single lymph nodes and clusters of them scattered throughout the intestine? Peyer's patches, most numerous in the lower part of the T. intestine. Inside the villi there is a network of blood capillaries and one or more lymphatic vessels. The epithelium of T. intestine is cylindrical and contains goblet cells. The T. intestine of other mammals presents the same relationships as in humans. In other vertebrates, the entire part of the intestinal tract, starting from the pylorus to the rectum, is called T. intestine, but sometimes in the absence of gastric expansion (in some fish)? its anterior border is indistinguishable. It is also not always possible to distinguish the duodenum. In cyclostome selachians, bibreathes and ganoids, inner surface is there a spiral fold? spiral valve. In ganoids and teleosts, the part closest to the pylorus forms blind projections? pyloric processes (appendices pyloricae), the number of which varies from one (Polypterus and Ammodytes) to 191 (Scomber scombrus). In amphibians and reptiles with an elongated serpentine body shape (Gymnophiona, snakes and serpentine lizards), only small bends are formed in the intestine, and in forms with an expanded body (tailless amphibians, crocodiles, turtles) the twists and loops are numerous, while tailed amphibians and lizards occupy the middle between these extreme forms. In birds and mammals, the more or less convoluted T. intestine varies in length, and in domestic forms it varies more than in wild ones. In birds, in the middle of the length of the intestinal tract there is a blind protuberance (diverticulum coecum vitelli), the remnant of the communication between the intestinal cavity and the yolk sac. As for the inner surface of the T. intestine, the primary form of adaptation for increasing the absorption surface should be considered the formation of longitudinal folds, characteristic of some fish (cyclostomes). Then, in other fish, these folds are connected by transverse folds, so that a system of folds is formed in the form of a network, the cells of which can be straight (selachy) or tortuous (teleost fish); finally, in teleost fish this network, due to the thickening of the crossbars and the deepening of the cells , changes into a surface covered with round, oval or irregular shape recesses? crypts, at the bottom of which the glands open. Villi first appear in amphibians, and in tailless animals they reach greater development, but amphibians also have sinuous or zigzag folds. Beginning with some birds (for example, the ostrich), well-developed valvilae Kerckringii appear in mammals. In birds, next to the folds there are also villi, which are especially well developed in the duodenum. In mammals, longitudinal folds disappear (transverse folds remain only in the rectum), and the villi reach their greatest development.

V. Shimkevich.

Brockhaus and Efron. Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. 2012

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Where does the name kishka tonka come from? The meaning of the small intestine in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia

The meaning of SMALL INTESTINE in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what SMALL INTESTINE is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

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