Essay on the Unified State Exam. Based on Gorlanova's text about the teacher
In the March and April issues of the Ural magazine for 2004... (according to N. Gorlanova)
In her narration, Gorlanova puts forward the problem of attitude towards a teacher, towards an individual in our society.
In my opinion, this problem is relevant in our time, because the role of the teacher in the social sphere is underestimated; working as a school teacher is not prestigious for the younger generation.
The author of the text claims that “time is an honest man.” Elena Nikolaevna loved her students, kept the memory of each of them in her heart, which was reflected in her deep, vivid letters to them. And the students reciprocated. When she “suffered from nostalgia, loneliness and illness,” they “wrote, came, helped...”.
I also think that time is an “honest man” and a fair judge. It sweeps away everything empty and insignificant, leaving only the true and valuable. A true teacher always plays a big role in the life of the younger generation and leaves a deep mark in the hearts of his students.
Let us recall V. Rasputin’s story “French Lessons”. The young teacher Lidia Mikhailovna not only taught the children French. Her lessons are lessons of kindness and humanity. She played for money with her student, losing to him on purpose so that the boy would have the opportunity to buy at least a glass of milk a day. He studied diligently, but in those difficult post-war times he was hungry and lived with strangers. Both the hero of the story and we, the readers, remembered the teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, because the main thing about her was indifference to the fate of others.
“Russia is famous for its teachers,” wrote the poet A. Dementyev in his poem. I would like to add: “Our school is famous for its teachers.” They give all their strength so that students receive good knowledge that will be useful to them in life. They do not spare their time for additional activities. But this is not the only important thing. Festivals, holidays, hikes, competitions are also part of our school life. And everywhere there is a teacher next to us - a friend, an assistant, an educator.
I still communicate with my first teacher, Irina Petrovna. I go to visit, call, wish you happy holidays and birthday. She taught us, little schoolchildren, not only to read and write, but also to see the world, respect elders, help each other, develop our abilities, and be individuals. And now she is concerned about our present and future. Therefore, for me she is a person close and dear to me.
In conclusion, I would like to say that teachers such as Elena Nikolaevna, Lidia Mikhailovna, Irina Petrovna and many others are Teachers with a capital T.
Current page: 17 (book has 22 pages in total)
“When our old house in Sokolniki was demolished, they offered us three separate apartments, but neither our daughters nor our sons-in-law agreed to separate from our grandmother. So we all moved into one large apartment together, but the soul of the family, its head and guardian - grandmother Serafima Ivanovna - remained with us.
And how could we do without her? She solved all our problems and life troubles so easily and cheerfully. When her youngest daughter failed her college exams, the grandfather was angry, and the grandmother said that she was even glad, since learning did not improve the mind. “Take a needle in your hands, Masha, and show your art,” she added. And indeed, my aunt has been a wonderful sewer all her life and earns good money, and everyone around her walks around dressed up. And even before I was born, there was a fire in the house where my grandmother lived, and all the things burned, the family cried, and the grandmother laughed: “That’s great, let’s start over, otherwise it’s overgrown with things.” If a cup broke in the house, my grandmother would always say: “Thank God!” I’ve been tired of her for a long time.”
Her life was not easy, but for some reason it did not take away her joy. During the war, she accompanied her son, daughter and son-in-law to the front (his grandfather was disabled). I received a document for my son: “Missing.” Grandma took everyone else to evacuation. And among my first childhood impressions is this: planes bomb a train. We are lying in a hole on the ground. And from my hiding place I am closely watching the grandmother, who is carrying small children out of the burning carriage - an orphanage was being transported in the next carriage - and one after another, or even two at a time, but three of them are running in her arms into the bushes. Planes fly low and spray machine guns at refugees. But she doesn’t seem to see it.
We were then placed in a village near Kirov. And I remember how my grandmother came from field work, tired, and brought vegetables, but never let us eat everything alone. “First, let’s ask what they fed the orphans today,” she said, and we went to the neighboring hut, where we settled the orphanage, and the grandmother unwrapped a cast iron pot with potatoes from a padded jacket, and the children shouted: “The extra has arrived!”
And there, during the evacuation, and later, in Moscow, my grandmother dressed up as Santa Claus every New Year and came up with different games for adults and children. In general, she managed all the holidays, and someone’s birthday was discussed in advance together: gifts, jokes, pranks.
But when grief came to the house, the grandmother cried bitterly and grieved openly and very strongly. I remember how frantically she asked for forgiveness, standing at the coffin of her husband: “Forgive me, for Christ’s sake, that I didn’t love you, didn’t take care of you, that I contradicted you on every occasion, that I didn’t feed you as you should, and in general I ruined you, Misha...” Although she loved and took care of her grandfather, and always pretended that his word was decisive in the family. She added several years to his life by caring for him when he could no longer get up.
Now my grandmother is no longer alive. But she is always before my eyes, as if alive. What would she do? What would you say? This is what I often think when I find myself in a hopeless situation. Such truth came from her. The truth of feelings and actions, the mind and heart, the truth of the soul.
When her grandson, and my brother Sasha, decided to get a divorce, my grandmother said: “Go and get some air, live somewhere, think, and then decide.” I won’t let Natasha leave the house, I called her my daughter at your wedding.” Sasha rented a room for about a year, and then returned to his Natalya and said: “I can’t live without my grandmother.”
I once asked my grandmother what years she remembered most, and what age she would like to go back to. I myself was twenty-four, and I hoped that my grandmother would say: “Yours.” And she thought, her eyes became misty, and answered: “I wish I could be thirty-six or thirty-eight again...” I was horrified: “Grandma, don’t you want to be young?” She laughs: “Are you talking about twenty years?” , what do you think? This is an empty age. The person still doesn’t understand anything. But forty – yes!“ It seems like a fleeting conversation, but how it brightened up my life! I celebrated my thirtieth birthday with joy. Now, I think, I’m approaching my grandmother’s favorite age...
My life, like everyone else’s, flows. There are moments when it seems that you will go crazy from despair. And, as salvation, I remember my grandmother, and I think: no, all is not lost. She knew how to enjoy life until her last day.
E. Konstantinova, nurse. Moscow region".
A. A. Streltsova went to see a complete stranger, discovered in him the beauty of his soul, which would warm her all her life, and she herself brought him hours of great joy. Nurse E. Konstantinova saw this beauty in her own family. And the Pykhteev family from Omsk, like Kuzma Avdeevich Veselov, wanted to help a man of difficult fate...
In one of the issues of Literaturnaya Gazeta, letters from prisoner Ivan Baksheev, a man of a broken, difficult fate, were published. And this is what the Pykhteev family decided:
“Hello, dear editors!
We were very interested in the fate of Ivan Baksheev. We decided to send him a letter with your help. He needs to rely on someone at first, but you write that he only has an old mother.”
“Hello, Ivan!
The Literaturnaya Gazeta read your letters. We decided to write to you. You will soon be released, you will have to start somewhere. So we offer you: come to our city.
You write that you wanted to work in a large youth team at a factory or construction site. Our huge city, with almost a million people, is a continuous construction site. And further. You love cars. In our city, we have a motor vehicle fleet and a road transport technical school with an evening department. If you come to us in Omsk, we will meet you and help you get a job. We have a huge working family: there are students, workers, doctors, a pilot, an institute teacher, etc. So you will immediately make a lot of friends. You love cars - we have two drivers in our family. You will find like-minded people there. You love books - our family also loves to read, we already have a decent library. This letter may be a little dry, but we hope that you will believe in our sincerity.
Say hello from us to the head of your squad, Matveev, who is so helping you gain faith in yourself and in life. We feel that this is an intelligent, strong person. When you think about the values of life, it is people like Matveev who affirm that life is worth living, life is strong and beautiful with such people.
When you receive this letter, be sure to write to us. We hope that our family can be useful to you. Hello to your mom."
Lately, debates have sometimes arisen - at reader conferences and in the press - about: who is he - an intelligent person? What is the essence of sociological and moral criteria that more or less accurately define this concept? It seems to me that if we ignore dry “theories” and turn to the “evergreen tree of life,” then here is the answer: the large Soviet Pykhteev family, where there are workers, doctors, drivers, and students, is a family of genuine intellectuals.
You can take a former prisoner, a person who especially needs warmth, participation, and a firm hand.
You can take another lion into your house... You don’t have to take anyone into your house...
This is a matter of moral choice. Everyone must decide it for themselves in accordance with their own understanding of the meaning of life and the hierarchy of values.
And of course, in accordance with one’s own inclinations, personality, and sympathies.
Here's the last thing: it is also very important to remember about the sympathies and inclinations of the soul, because true humanism is diverse, broad, like man himself, in its interpretation any rigorism is inappropriate, and it would be unfair to believe that the one who undertakes to educate a lion is less humane than the one who invites a former thief or murderer to his house for his final order in life and return to our society.
Maybe because I often visited courts and colonies and saw things that hurt the heart for a long time.
And now let’s return to the thought about the breadth of humanism, about its immense diversity and we will see this thought – alive – in the image of the general who, in the first, most difficult weeks of the war, returned the “soldier” Ivan Shcherban to the elephant Vova, so that he would not wither without care and from longing. Of course, the “soldier” was one-eyed and sick, but he could cook porridge in the camp kitchen! And the general thought, reasoned and satisfied the petition of the Yerevan authorities, returning him to Vova. Perhaps it was not without the inclination of the soul, and the general had a special love for elephants. I want him to be alive today and read these lines...
And Ivan Shcherban was treated, treated and cured. He received two young elephants, and they completely healed him. He received them in Brest, rode with them through the very places where he and Vova had once starved, sheltered from bombs, he was now driving through a peaceful, abundant land, children were reaching for their trunks, sticking buns and apples.
A fleeting return to eccentrics
I already mentioned the book “Unselfishness” when I spoke about the unexpected, large and interesting readership caused by stories about good people. I think it's time to introduce some of these letters.
For those who have not read “Unselfishness,” I, in order not to retell it, will only write down the lines of some epigraphs to its chapters, I hope that they contain all the information necessary to understand the essence of the book. “I cannot live without a fight and without a storm, half asleep” (from the poems of the young K. Marx); “To live usefully for one’s fatherland and die mourned by friends is what is worthy of a true citizen” (Decembrist M. F. Orlov); “Hurry to do good” (Russian folk proverb); “A person who has no concept of truth can in no way be called happy” (Seneca) ...
I talked about people who hasten to do good, live usefully for the Fatherland and have an understanding of the truth. I didn't make these people up; they were called by their real names. The letters that I received after the publication of the book “Unselfishness” can be divided into “selfless” and “not selfless.”
Here is a sample of a “disinterested” letter, lines written by Leningrad reader T. Inozemtseva:
“The description of your meetings with people of extraordinary spiritual wealth makes you think about a lot, remember a lot, and re-evaluate a lot in your (already almost completely lived) life. Those people about whom you say that they are “born knights” have spiritual qualities similar to the innate talent of an artist, writer, musician. They have the talent of dedication. But this talent does not always find ways and means of expression... You say, you need to be able to empathize with someone else’s joy as your own. I think this is not all: after all, empathy not only for someone else’s joy, but also for someone else’s misfortune, grief as one’s own, just as enriches a person and is often an incentive to selfless actions.
I experience meetings with your heroes not alone, but with my like-minded friends. And I will try to make you and I have even more of these friends. Treat my opinion as the opinion of an ordinary reader who “knows how to empathize.”
It is tempting to attribute such a completely “disinterested” letter to the genre of so-called emotional letters, which are richer in feelings, moods than thoughts, new facts... Emotional letters are more pleasing than enriching. This letter could be classified in the genre of purely emotional letters (I do not at all diminish their value, because feeling is a great reality), if not for the lines that the author will try to experience the joy of meeting good people with an increasing number of like-minded people. This is already a feeling embodied in action - an action that makes life better.
If purely emotional writing is a “feeling in oneself,” then that same dedication begins here, which contains the highest justification of human life, human relationships. This is an emotional, and effective, and completely “disinterested” letter.
And here is a sample of a “disinterested” letter.
“...Sorry, I didn’t even introduce myself. Sasha Shmyndina, a student at the cultural and educational school in the city of Yelabuga. You must help us. Of course, if there is no time for this letter, then we will assume that I did not write it to you.
Now, in order. The city is 405 years old, original, small, with traces of deep antiquity. You can write a lot here, but it’s better to see everything with your own eyes. Suffice it to say that the city is famous for its natives Shishkin, N.A. Durova and the poetess Tsvetaeva; ancient Apanivsky burial ground.
But this is all a prelude...
In general, I think you understood little from my confused letter. Well, okay, let's imagine it this way.
KamAZ is 20 kilometers from us; and one day, when you want to relax, you will definitely come to us. At the pier you will be greeted by the sparkling snow-white tower of the Devil's Settlement. And here you will see an amazing city, like in Venice (though I haven’t been there). Through the haze of gray fog - domes. And especially one slender spire flying into the sky. It seems that this lightness is illusory and the bell tower will either fall, touching the head of the river, or float away.
And then the guides will meet you and warmly tell you about the Shishkin house-museum (which is now being restored, but with difficulty), about Durova, about Tsvetaeva, about many famous people, about many interesting things.
What if Yelabuga was made a museum city, huh?
Best of all, if you came and looked, you wouldn’t have to persuade.
And it’s very easy for you to come, take a business trip to N. Chelny, and then come to us.
I’m probably very bad, not knowing the person, imposing something. Still, you must be able to do something. Yes?
...The grains of eternity need effort...
Goodbye. Sasha."
The letter is sublime - “heavenly disinterested”... It is not known whether Elabuga will ever become a city-museum (it would be good if that picturesque antiquity is carefully preserved, which is imprinted forever in the mind and heart of a person who has even fleetingly seen this amazing city), but there is no doubt , it is absolutely indisputable that Sasha, who wrote a letter with lofty thoughts about her beloved city, similar to Venice, which she had not been to, that she herself is no less amazing than her city.
Half an hour before bed
1It is known that the phenomena of art can excite even people with a cold heart - this only requires greater emotional sensitivity. Therefore, when Anna Georgievna Zheravina from the city of Tomsk wrote to me that the heroes of one of my last books (“Recognition”) - people of past centuries who combined artistic talent with a great conscience, made her look at life and her own destiny in a new way, she, in fact, did not tell anything significant about herself.
A month later, I received a second letter from Anna Georgievna, from which I realized that “Recognition” was just a spark that the wind carried into a powder keg. And then the barrel ignited and split the silence into pieces. But only one person was stunned and blinded - Zheravina herself. Because the powder keg was her soul.
It is commonly believed that only great people and famous literary heroes experience moral shocks. Anna Georgievna Zheravina’s second letter excited me because it confirmed my long-standing conviction - a moral shock that reveals new content in life can be the lot of any person. For this you need just “a little”: the hidden, so to speak, underground work of the soul, which makes it like a powder keg awaiting an inevitable spark...
What did Zheravina discover? Her guilt is before people. So that the reader understands me accurately, I hasten to add that according to the norms of the strictest laws - both legal and, perhaps, moral - Zheravina is not guilty of anything before people. And I’m in a hurry to add this because today we tend to interpret the very concept of guilt too superficially, simplistically and formally. In our – sometimes overly “legalistic” – understanding, only the person who has committed openly or secretly evil is to blame. But we are not inclined to see guilt in the behavior of a person who did not do good when he could have done it, or who failed to return good for good. However, it’s not so bad when we are not strict with others; it is worse when we are not strict with ourselves.
Zheravina, with exceptional (in my opinion, unjustified) severity, condemned herself for ingratitude - for ingratitude towards people, without whom she would not have succeeded not only spiritually, but also physically. At the same time, she understood ingratitude not as oblivion or pride, but more subtly, more humanely and at the same time more energetic - she understood it as the absence of active memory, which can be expressed in infinitely different ways.
After all, you can never forget about a good person and at the same time, as if not forgetting, not think about him actively, with great spiritual dedication. The feeling of guilt that gripped Zheravina was that she, Anna Georgievna, lived as if on her own and as if on her own - quietly, painlessly - the memory of people lived, without whom, she, Anna Georgievna, would not have lived long time on earth.
Now, before I talk in more detail about the insight that took place, I will try to show the logic of the work of the soul that makes such insight possible. To do this, at first I will not talk about those who loved Zheravina - she loved so selflessly, highly and effectively that today, especially now, it seems to her that when she remembers this love, her heart can stop with tenderness - I will talk about those who those who didn’t love her even hated her.
2The first time she encountered hatred was when, after graduating from the history department of Tomsk University, she went to work as a school teacher. In her class there was such an overgrown boy - Vanya. She went to every lesson as if going to battle, because this Vanya, whom his classmates feared and did not like for his great physical strength and sullenness, concentrated all the rejection of the world, in which he felt lonely and misunderstood, on her, the teacher. And the more tolerant—to the point of softness—she treated him, the more irreconcilably he hated her. He drew portraits of her in class, depicting her as so awkward and ridiculous that even the kindest boys and girls could not resist smiling wickedly. History lessons were essentially drawing lessons for him, and he drew one person - her. She spared neither pedagogical skill, nor even pedagogical tricks to win him over - he continued to draw. If these portraits were collected together, it would probably form a substantial volume.
He did not caricature her by drawing; these were not caricatures, but drawings - his ruthless vision of the teacher. She felt that her strength was running out, that today or tomorrow she would break down, tear up another drawing, maybe even hit the “artist.” And I understood that it would be terrible. And he, as if nothing had happened, drew, and the whole class watched the unusual “duel” between the overgrown Vanya and the young – yesterday’s student – teacher. She talked in history lessons about the dedication and spiritual wealth of a person - he drew with an impenetrable face. And then she, feeling defeated, decided to leave school. But in reality he was defeated.
I’ll tell you a little later how this story ended, and now, having skipped over a number of years, I’ll move on to the second person who hated Zheravina. She was no longer working at school, but at the university...
3As they say, by the will of fate, she was involved in a very unpleasant story: they tried one of her students - cheerful, kind, sweet, charming, the soul of society, the favorite of the faculty, they tried for a case in which cynicism and childishness were combined: he used someone else’s passports to rent things and openly traded them in the market. It goes without saying that he was caught and exposed, and the history department sent a public prosecutor to court. And this public prosecutor, also a student, began defending the defendant at the very first court hearing and became a de facto public defender. The sincere repentance of the culprit, his great successes in learning, his charm, and the long-standing love of his comrades probably played a role here. The public “prosecutor-defender” defended the interests of the defendant with the temperament of Pleva-ko, and the judges seemed inclined to treat his arguments with sympathy.
There was hope that things were moving towards a suspended sentence. Zheravina killed this hope: she demanded real punishment. She condemned the unprincipled and sentimental humanism of the public “prosecutor-defender”; the student received a very real punishment - he went to a colony.
Years later, having served this sentence, he returned to Tomsk, to the university. Moreover, he returned to her because he was still fascinated by the section of history that she had long been interested in - the life of the peasants of Siberia in the second half of the 18th century.
He never looked her in the face. And she felt his hatred on the skin of her face. During exams, she silently left the room, leaving him alone with the second examiner, in order, it seemed to her, to emotionally help the student, but, probably, also because it was unbearable to feel his hatred.
She wanted to explain why she was cruel at the trial, but, a person of sober mind, she understood that now that he had served time and suffered, it was unconvincing to explain. They lived at the university side by side: he with hatred for her, she with internal defenselessness against this hatred.
He spoke to her for the first time not on a historical topic and looked her in the face for the first time at a gala evening in honor of graduation from the university: he sat down at the table with her, and she suddenly realized that he understood everything, or rather, found out...
But the fact was that then, at the dramatic moment of the trial, it was not she who spoke, a self-confident, well-settled woman in life (and her husband, and children, and her favorite thing to do with her) - it was the hungry, undressed, terribly unhappy woman who spoke a girl doomed to die.
There was a war, she recently lost her mother, who died absurdly and horribly under the wheels of a train, her father, a seriously ill man, walked around the villages, did carpentry, looked after vegetable gardens. She was left alone in an old, wooden, unheated house, with a simple but vital goodie, which had been preserved from a peaceful life. At night, the thieves quietly opened the glass and took away everything: boots, stockings, shoes, shirts, dishes; She especially felt sorry for the fur coat that her mother gave her before the war (it is still a pity to this day). It was winter. She had nothing to wear to leave the house in the morning. She sat down on the floor and didn’t even sob, but shook tearlessly with despair. Then she began to collect various ridiculous rags so that she could wrap herself in them and go to school.
This girl, who hated theft fiercely, forever, through the abyss of years, demanded thief real punishment.
...They sat next to each other at a cheerful table, and she felt: hatred was killed by understanding, for now he also saw that girl in her - apparently, someone told him about her life.
That evening, the thought that had arisen several years ago must have deepened within her after some mysterious, unexpected end to a silent “duel” with that boy who had furiously drawn her. But for this idea to become clear, it is necessary to complete the story, which was cut off mid-sentence.
No, I haven’t been to another geographical location, sometimes we write to each other when it’s not at all easy to talk.
This letter contained the following words: “I don’t love you. You’re good and all that, it’s not about you, I just realized that I don’t love you, and I can’t do anything about it, and most importantly, I don’t want to. And I’m thinking about breaking up, because it’s not fair to continue living together.”
It was, to put it mildly, unexpected. At that time, we had been together for 20 years, married, in church, parents of three children, we lived amicably, without loud quarrels and scandals, there was nothing that would allow us to say - well, what was supposed to happen happened.
It is clear that I am not perfect, but I loved my wife without giving her any reason for jealousy or discontent. On the contrary, at that time her career was taking off, I took care of the house and children, and in order for her to be in good physical shape, I trained as a massage therapist and prepared tasty and healthy food for her. And as a man, I am not a freak and “in full bloom.”
In general, this statement was very unexpected and painful.
Due to financial restrictions, we could not leave and agreed to live like this for now, in different rooms, like neighbors. What happened there with his wife was, of course, very interesting, but the main question was still something else: what should I do?
Pack your bag and leave: they say, okay, fine, you don’t love like that, you don’t love, you can’t be a wife - don’t, it’s your choice or demand to be a wife “Across the Knee” and priests, shaking birth certificates of children and weddings? Or kick her out, even if she doesn’t love me somewhere else?
In general, what is “Marriage”, “wife”, “love” and “being together”? And when does “Wife” stop being “wife”? Now, if my wife was hit by a car and she turned into a “Vegetable”, would she be my wife or not my wife? Should I then look for another one that is not a “Vegetable” and fulfills its functions? Where is the line? Where is the list of functions that a wife should and should not? And to what extent, in what quality? And who determines this set of options?
The answer turned out to be simple: as long as the wife is alive and has not chosen another man, she is my wife, and my task is to love her and take care of her, adjusted for the specific situation. In any case, as long as there is strength. And if my wife does not want to see me today, then my love for her will consist in not catching her eye.
It’s like with a hand: there are more beautiful, stronger, more skillful hands, but the best and most suitable hand for me is mine. So it is here. The best wife for me is mine. All words here are key. God gave me this wife and this situation, and he loves me, and that means it’s necessary.
Six months later, the crisis ended, and my wife fell in love with me as she had never loved me, and today our relationship is what it never was and could never have become without this “Lovelessness.”
For six months I “loved my wife like a neighbor.” It wasn't easy.
Perhaps I have never prayed and reached out to God so much.
During this time, I understood a lot and also wrote a letter to my wife.
In it I talked about the fact that you can promise each other something, agree on something, do a lot for each other, have a common bed, live under the same roof - and not be together. All this may be a manifestation of “we”, but it is not its essence. And on the contrary, you can be far away, you can be silent, not promise each other anything and not agree on anything, and be together.
You can even die - but even in this case, “we” will remain. This real “we” is something from above, perhaps accomplished in heaven, but at the same time necessarily, consciously and freely accepted by everyone here on earth. This is a decision that yes, now there is not only “I”, that from now on there is a “we”.
Only the real and mature “I”, which no longer needs the other, can truly choose to become such a “we”. This “I” has learned to be alone, this “I” is self-sufficient, and has found the source of life in that very heaven, in God.
This is a new relationship. This is a butterfly in the palms. Moreover, one palm is yours, the other is mine. In such a relationship, I move exactly as much as you are ready, and you - as much as you want. And as far as I can allow you. in such relationships there is no rigid “you owe me”, it is a hot and gentle handshake without demands and expectations, so hot and strong that it gives each other warmth without burning, and so attentive and gentle that the butterfly remains alive. I have no more conditions. I love you exactly. Photo from the personal archive of the author Nikita Plaschevsky.
How does a person behave in difficult life circumstances, in a dangerous situation? Does he give up and go with the flow or, raising his head proudly, carries the burden without losing himself and his love for life? The author also discusses this topic and tries to answer these questions.
In his text, Evgeniy Mikhailovich talks about Serafima Ivanovna, an optimistic woman who is not afraid of any everyday problem. No matter what happened, she remained optimistic and supported all members of her family. “She solved all the problems and troubles of life so easily and cheerfully.”
But she encountered things in life that were much scarier and more dangerous than small ordinary problems. It seems that life chooses precisely such cheerful people as its targets, as if it wants to test what they are capable of. So, Serafima Ivanovna goes through the war, survives under enemy fire and saves others. He shares food not only with his children, but also with those who were left alone after the war. And even after death she was an example to follow.
So the author compares these examples and focuses our attention on such human qualities as cheerfulness, kindness, optimism. They are the ones who help us pass all life's trials and not give up.
Updated: 2020-01-18
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Russian language
16 out of 24
(l) One day I received a letter from Elena Konstantinova. (2) Here it is. “(3) When our old house in Sokolniki was demolished, they offered us three separate apartments, but neither the daughters nor the sons-in-law agreed to separate from their grandmother. (4) So we all moved into one large apartment together, but the soul of the family, its head and guardian - grandmother Serafima Ivanovna - remained with us. (5) And how could we do without her? (b) She solved all our problems and troubles in life so easily and cheerfully... (7) When her youngest daughter failed her college exams, the grandfather was angry, and the grandmother said that she was even glad, since learning does not improve the mind. “(8) Take a needle in your hands, Masha, and show your art,” she added. (9) And indeed, my aunt has been a wonderful sewer all her life and earns good money, and everyone around her walks around dressed up. (lO) Even before I was born, there was a fire in the house where my grandmother lived, and all the things burned, the family cried, and the grandmother laughed: “That’s great, let’s start over, otherwise it’s overgrown with things.” (ll) If a cup broke in the house, my grandmother always said: “Thank God! (12) I’ve been tired of her for a long time.” (13) Her life was not easy, but for some reason it did not take away her joy. (14) During the war, she accompanied her son, daughter and son-in-law to the front (the grandfather was disabled). (15) I received a document for my son: “Missing.” (16) Grandma took us, everyone else, to evacuation. (1 7) And among my first childhood impressions is this: planes bomb a train. (18) We are lying in a hole on the ground. (19) And from my hiding place I am closely watching the grandmother, who is carrying small children out of the burning carriage - an orphanage was being transported in the next carriage - and one after another, or even twos or threes, she is running in her arms into the bushes. (20) Planes fly low and spray machine guns at refugees. (21) But she doesn’t seem to see this. (22) We were then placed in a village near Kirov. (23) And I remember how my grandmother came tired from field work and brought vegetables, but never let us eat everything alone. “(24) First, let’s ask what they fed the orphans today,” she said, and we went to the neighboring one, where the orphanage was settled, and the grandmother unwrapped a cast iron pot with potatoes from a padded jacket. (25) And the children shouted: “The extra has arrived!” (26) And there, in evacuation, and later, in Moscow, grandmother dressed up as Santa Claus for every New Year and came up with various games for adults and children. (27) In general, she managed all the holidays, and someone’s birthday was discussed together in advance: gifts, jokes, practical jokes. (28) But when grief came to the house, grandma cried and grieved openly and very strongly. (29) I remember how frantically she asked for forgiveness, standing at her husband’s coffin. (30) Although she loved and took care of her grandfather and always pretended that his word was decisive in the family. (31) She added several years to his life with her care for him when he could no longer get up. 93 (32) Now my grandmother is no longer alive. (33) But she is always before my eyes, as if alive. (34) What would grandma do? (35) What would you say? (36) This is what I often think when I find myself in a situation with no way out. (37) Such truth came from her. (38) The truth of feelings and actions, the mind and heart, the truth of the soul. (39)Once I asked my grandmother what years she remembered most, and what age she would like to return to. (40) I hoped that my grandmother would say: “To yours~”). (41) And she thought, her eyes became clouded. (42) And she answered: “I would like for me to be thirty-six or thirty-eight years old again... ~) (43) I was horrified: “Grandma, don’t you want to become young? ~) (44) But she laughs: “Are you talking about sixteen years, or what? (45) This is an empty age. (46) The person still doesn’t understand anything. (47) But forty is yes!” (48) It seems like a fleeting conversation, but how it brightened up my life! (49) My life, like everyone else’s, flows. (50) There are moments when it seems that there is not enough strength. (51) And, as salvation, I remember my grandmother and think: no, all is not lost. (52) “She knew how to enjoy life until her last day.”
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There are such wonderful people whom you want to look up to and be like in everything. But what kind of person can become a role model? What qualities, character traits, moral principles distinguish some people from others? The problem of a good person, a true role model, is raised in this text.
Reflecting on the problem, the author tells us about a wonderful woman, Serafima Ivanovna. “She knew how to enjoy life until her last day”: a broken cup or a fire in the house was not a big grief for her. Serafima Ivanovna was a wise, sympathetic woman who did not leave people in trouble: she once carried children out of a burning carriage. For her granddaughter, Serafima Ivanovna was a support and example even after her death: “What would grandmother do? What would you say? This is what I often think when I find myself in a hopeless situation.”
In Goncharov’s work “Oblomov,” Stolz is my role model. He is smart, sympathetic, hardworking, kind. The hero always came to the aid of his friend Oblomov, solved his problems, tried to force him to get out of bed, start living life to the fullest, and after the death of his comrade, he took in his son to raise him. Stolz attracts with his limitless wholesale
Criteria
- 1 of 1 K1 Formulation of source text problems
- 3 of 3 K2
