Moral problems in Korolenko's story the blind musician. Extracurricular reading lesson based on the story “The Blind Musician”

Korolenko worked on the story “The Blind Musician” for 13 years. He began writing it in 1885, and in 1886 it was published in 10 issues of the Russian Vedomosti newspaper. In the same year, Korolenko revised the story for publication in the magazine “Russian Thought” No. 7. The story was published as a separate edition in 1888 and was also corrected by the author. In 1898, during the re-release, Korolenko introduced episodes that were significant for the story: the meeting with the blind bell-ringers, Peter’s departure with the beggars.

Peter had prototypes. As a child, Korolenko knew a girl born blind. Her memories served as the basis for describing the hero’s feelings. The writer also had a student who was gradually losing his sight, and Korolenko knew a blind musician. The scene with the blind bell ringers was recorded by the writer in 1890 “from nature” during a visit to the Sarov Monastery.

“The Blind Musician” was loved by his contemporaries; it is Korolenko’s most significant work, which was reprinted 15 times during his lifetime.

Literary direction and genre

“The Blind Musician” is a realistic story about the formation of a hero. As it should be in realism, the character of the hero is determined by many circumstances: his environment, circumstances and episodes influencing him. The character of the main character is constantly in the process of changing, so that in the end the hero’s happiness does not seem complete: Korolenko gives the reader the opportunity to think out the continuation, leaving the hero at the peak of his capabilities.

In the images of Petrus and his uncle Maxim one can feel the influence of romanticism and even sentimentalism. However, Petrus’s excessive emotionality and aloofness are explained by his status as a disabled person. The boy's selfishness is also explained by realistic reasons - a prosperous life in the circle of loving relatives. In the image of Evelina, except for her romantic appearance, everything is realistic. From Korolenko’s point of view, this is exactly what a loving woman should be.

The genre of “The Blind Musician” is defined as a story that has features that are both psychological and philosophical. In the subtitle, Korolenko calls the work a study. It is no coincidence that the definition of genre is the same as that of a piece of music and denotes the study of something. In this case, Korolenko explores how a disabled, blind person (and indirectly, a legless person) finds the meaning of life.

Topics and problems

In general, the story answers the question of how to be happy. For the humanist Korolenko, this means giving happiness to others. This is the metaphorical embodiment of what Korolenko, in the preface to the sixth edition, calls an instinctive, organic attraction to light.

The story raises philosophical problems of the meaning of life, life's trials, the historical memory of the people, and the problem of true art. The humanist Korolenko was perhaps the first in literature to raise the problem of people with disabilities, which becomes truly relevant only in the 21st century.

Plot and composition

The action of the story develops in the South-Western region (somewhere in Volyn, where Korolenko himself is from), inhabited by Ukrainians and Poles. Mrs. Popelskaya, née Yatsenko, gives birth to her blind first-born Petrus, who was destined to become the only child in this family and the center of a small universe.

The events take about 20 years: from the birth of the main character to the birth of his child. All these events are placed in 7 chapters, separated by chapters. The epilogue describes events 3 years after the end of the main ones. This is the peak of the protagonist’s development, his concert that changes the hearts of listeners.

For the sake of his nephew and himself, Maxim decides to experiment: he is trying to develop the abilities of a boy with a fine nervous organization in order to compensate for his blindness, at least partially. First of all, Maxim forbade taking excessive care of the child, so that after a few months he was already crawling around the rooms.

At the age of 5, Petrus was fascinated by the groom Joachim's playing of the pipe. He quickly learned to play it himself. But the piano, which Mrs. Popelskaya ordered from the city and on which she played a technically complex piece, did not impress the boy: “The Viennese instrument was unable to fight with a piece of Ukrainian willow.” The flute won because it was “among the kindred Ukrainian nature.”

The boy learned to play the piano. And then Maxim asked Joachim to sing Petrus a folk song, the images of which turned out to be clear to the blind man.

Petrus cannot take part in the fun of other children. His only friend is the neighbors' daughter Evelina. Friendship with Evelina “was a real gift from a favorable fate.”

Gradually, Peter begins to fear the ghosts that inhabit his darkness. Peter was like a hothouse flower, protected from the influences of life. The young man’s soul seemed to be surrounded by a wall, dozing in an artificial but calm half-sleep. Maxim understood that the exit from this state was inevitable, and accelerated it. He invited the landowner Stavruchenko and his sons to visit, one of whom was a musician and the other a philologist. Peter feels uninvolved in the active life of young people. This acquaintance leads the blind man to the conclusion that he is superfluous in the world. But when Peter starts playing the piano, everyone recognizes his unusual style of performance.

For the first time, a blind man understands what he can do. His thought is confirmed by Evelina: “You will also have your own job. If only you knew what you could do to us."

The sixth chapter is the climax. This is a testing time for a blind man who has already decided to serve people with his talent. The first test was the discovery of the grave of the Haidamaks’ gang Ignatius Kary, who was buried in the same grave with the blind bandura player Yurk, who accompanied his squad even in battle. Peter understands that a blind man can achieve a lot.

The second episode is a meeting with two blind bell ringers. Korolenko considered this episode the most important in the story. The young bell-ringer Yegory, blind from birth, was very similar to Peter, not in his facial features, but in his expression. He was angry with the whole world. Another bell-ringer, Roman, went blind as a child, but was kind and loved life in all its manifestations. Bell ringers are tested by their attitude towards children coming to the belfry.

After the meeting, Peter decided that his destiny was to be embittered. The hopeless sadness in his mood gave way to irritable nervousness. He was no longer happy with the union with Evelina: he did not want to burden the girl.

Peter's third test is associated with a meeting with the blind near the miraculous Catholic icon. Peter is jealous of them because, from his point of view, daily worries about food and clothing distract them from thinking about their own inferiority.

The result of this third test is Peter's journey in the company of blind beggars led by Fyodor Kandyba, whose eyes were burned out in the war. Maxim was able to convince his family that he and his nephew were in Kyiv at that time, where Peter was taking lessons from a famous pianist.

A few months later, Peter married Evelina, the child born turned out to be healthy. Thus, Peter’s fear regarding his personal life was overcome. The last episode takes place 3 years after the birth of the first child, when a blind musician in Kyiv on Contracts amazes everyone with his playing. Maxim believes that Peter received his sight because he “managed to remind the happy of the unfortunate” and forgot about his selfish suffering.

Heroes of the story

The main character of the story is the blind musician Pyotr Popelsky. He was born into a wealthy family of a Polish landowner, good-natured and economical. Lively and active by nature, Petrus, due to illness, sat quietly for hours, listening to the sounds around him.

Faced with something new, the emotional Petrus gets excited to the point of fainting. This happens when, at the age of 3, he is first taken out into the field, to the river bank. This place subsequently becomes his favorite vacation spot. The same thing happens after young Peter’s meeting with the blind beggars, which so excited him.

Nature interests the boy, but remains completely closed from him; sounds remain the main expression of the outside world.

At five years old, the boy was thin and weak, his eyes looked thoughtfully and intently into the distance.

At this age, he is exposed to nature and music, as well as the beauty of folk songs. Over time, his passion for music became the center of Petrus's mental growth. At the age of 9, Maxim began teaching the boy. By this time, Petrus had become tall, slender, and pale-faced. His hair and eyes were dark.

The reader tracks the work of the hero's thoughts during his formation. Korolenko notes that blind people do not know how to hide their thoughts and feelings, which are reflected on their faces. Peter goes through bitterness and disappointment until he finds his purpose in serving the poor and disadvantaged in the way he knows best – through music.

The main character’s mother is a proud and sensitive person. The meaning of her life is the happiness of her son: “The blindness of her child has become her eternal, incurable illness.” From the very moment of birth, she feels that “along with the newborn child, a dark, inexorable grief was born, which hung over the cradle to accompany the new life until the grave.”

If Joachim interested Petrus in music, then his mother became his main teacher, opening the piano to him. She did not have the “immediate musical feeling” that Iakim naturally had, and she was offended by him. But then she still won the attention of her son when she comprehended the enchanting secret of the Groom’s music, the harmony of the song with nature.

The mother tried for a long time to explain to her son what colors are and what the world looks like. She does not accept Peter's inability to see clearly.

Uncle Maxim is a legless disabled person who also found the meaning of his life in raising his nephew. His courageous, active nature had found no outlet since he, a well-known bully in Kiev, went to Italy, joined the Garibaldians and was mutilated in a battle with the Austrians. He was missing his right leg and left arm. Maxim was still sharp-tongued. His appearance was frightening: his eyebrows were sullenly knitted, and he himself was shrouded in clouds of tobacco smoke. Korolenko continually calls his head big and square, his thought restless, and his heart warm and kind. Maxim understood that in life-struggle there is no place for disabled people.

While raising and developing Petrus, Maxim studied physiology, psychology and pedagogy. He got carried away and hoped that his nephew, offended by fate, would “raise the weapon available to him in defense of others disadvantaged by life.” Maxim even came up with a motto for him: “The disadvantaged for the disadvantaged.”

When Maxim realized that his nephew’s future would be connected with music, he decided to introduce the boy to the songs of a “strong, free people.”

It was Maxim who supervised the stages of his nephew’s formation. “He dreamed for Peter not of peace, but of the possible fullness of life,... seething crises and struggle.”

Petrus met Evelina at the age of 9. She was the daughter of old neighbors, a small girl with a long brown braid and blue eyes. Evelina looks both younger than her age because of her short stature, and older, because thanks to her solidity she looked like a tiny adult woman.

Evelina's voice seems unusually pleasant and calm to the blind man. When Evelina first met, she learned about Petrus’s blindness and began to cry out of pity for him. From then on, Petrus became her destiny. Korolenko describes Evelina as a nature destined for a quiet feat of love, for caring for the grief of others.

Evelina seemed to have no doubt about her destiny, believing that “every person has his own path in life.” And yet she has to make a choice in favor of Peter, abandoning distant pictures where there was no place for the blind. The girl herself offers to marry Peter, since she already fell in love with him. Her father thinks the same.

The groom Joachim played an important role in the development of the boy. Once he was a merry fellow and played in the tavern, but since Marya, with whom he was in love, preferred the master's valet, Joachim himself made a willow pipe for sad songs. He burned out her heart and she became a part of him.

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on the topic: “The story of V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician”

Introduction

1. The plot and characters of the story by V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician”

2. The idea of ​​the story by V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician”

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

Korolenko musician blind story

Vladimir Galaktionovich Korolenko is an outstanding Russian writer, publicist, and public figure. The heyday of Korolenko’s literary activity dates back to the second half of the 80s. In the dead of night of reaction, when everything progressive and freedom-loving in Russian society was suppressed by the police brutality of tsarism, the voice of the young writer sounded as a new reminder of the living forces of the people. Korolenko's stories awakened thought and raised the spirit during the period of dull and rude reaction of the 80s.

Korolenko, believed that the duty of a writer in reactionary and pessimistic eras is precisely to resist the general trend and awaken feelings of “vigor, faith, call.” The author of "The Blind Musician" thought a lot at this time about the meaning of the active, heroic principle in art.

Korolenko did not work on any of his works as concentratedly and intensely as on “The Blind Musician.” He first published it in 1886 in the newspaper "Russian Vedomosti", in the same year he revised it for the magazine "Russian Thought", then in 1888 he made changes to the text of a separate publication, and finally, in 1898, preparing the sixth edition of the story, again supplemented and reworked it.

Readers and critics immediately greeted the story with more than sympathy; they praised the richness of the language, the beauty of the landscapes, and the general poetic structure of the work, but the author was not pleased with these praises. He said that if there is nothing but “the chime of beautiful stylistics” in the story, then the sooner it drowns in a heap of old newspapers, the better. It seemed to the writer that the main idea of ​​“The Blind Musician” remained unclear.

1. The plot and characters of the storyV.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician”

In the South-West of Ukraine, into the family of rich village landowners Popelsky, a blind boy is born. At first, no one notices his blindness, only his mother guesses about it from the strange expression on little Petrus’s face. Doctors confirm a terrible guess.

Korolenko places his hero, the born blind Peter, in very difficult conditions, endowing him with intelligence, talent as a musician and heightened sensitivity to all manifestations of life, which he will never be able to see.

Peter's father is a good-natured man, but rather indifferent to everything except housekeeping. Uncle decides to start raising Petrus. He has to fight blind maternal love: he explains to his sister Anna Mikhailovna, Petrus’s mother, that excessive care can harm the boy’s development. Uncle Maxim hopes to raise a new “fighter for the cause of life” Averin B. Personality and creativity of V.G. Korolenko // Korolenko V.G. Collection cit.: In 5 vols. L.: Fiction, 1989. T. 1. P. 7.

Spring is coming. The child is alarmed by the noise of awakening nature. Mother and uncle take Petrus for a walk to the river bank. Adults do not notice the excitement of a boy who cannot cope with the abundance of impressions. Petrus loses consciousness. After this incident, Maxim’s mother and uncle try to help the boy comprehend sounds and sensations.

The inability to see color, the appearance of objects, the beauty of the surrounding nature upset him, but he imagined this familiar world of the estate thanks to his sensitive perception of its sounds.

Petrus loves to listen to the groom Joachim play the pipe. The groom made his wonderful instrument himself; Unhappy love disposes Joachim to sad melodies. He plays every evening, and on one of these evenings a blind panic comes to his stable. Petrus learns to play the pipe from Joachim. The mother, overcome with jealousy, orders a piano from the city. But when she starts playing, the boy almost faints again: this complex music seems rough and noisy to him. Joachim is of the same opinion. Then Anna Mikhailovna understands that in the groom’s simple game there is much more living feeling. She secretly listens to Joachim's pipe and learns from him. In the end, her art conquers both Petrus and the groom. Meanwhile, the boy begins to play the piano. And Uncle Maxim asks Joachim to sing folk songs to the blind panic.

Petrus has no friends. The village boys are afraid of him. And on the neighboring estate of the elderly Yaskulskys, their daughter Evelina, the same age as Petrus, is growing up. This beautiful girl is calm and reasonable. Evelina accidentally meets Peter while out for a walk. At first she does not realize that the boy is blind. When Petrus tries to feel her face, Evelina gets scared, and when she learns about his blindness, she cries bitterly with pity. Peter and Evelina become friends. They take lessons together from Uncle Maxim. Children grow up, and their friendship becomes stronger.

Uncle Maxim invites his old friend Stavruchenko to visit with his student sons, folk lovers and folklore collectors. Their cadet friend comes with them. Young people bring liveliness to the quiet life of the estate. Uncle Maxim wants Peter and Evelina to feel that a bright and interesting life is flowing nearby. Evelina understands that this is a test for her feelings for Peter. She firmly decides to marry Peter and tells him about it.

A blind young man plays the piano in front of the guests. Everyone is shocked and predicts he will become famous. For the first time, Peter realizes that he, too, is capable of doing something in life.

Everything changed after meeting the Stavruchenkov family: he learned about the existence of another world, a world outside the estate. At first he reacted to these disputes, to the stormy expression of the opinions and expectations of young people with enthusiastic amazement, but soon felt “that this living wave was rolling past him.” He's a stranger. The rules of life in the big world are unknown to him, and it is also unknown whether this world will want to accept a blind man. This meeting sharply aggravated his suffering and sowed doubts in his soul.

The Popelskys pay a return visit to the Stavruchenkov estate. The hosts and guests go to the N-sky monastery. On the way, they stop near the gravestone under which the Cossack ataman Ignat Kary is buried, and next to him is the blind bandura player Yurko, who accompanied the ataman on campaigns. Everyone sighs about the glorious past. And Uncle Maxim says that the eternal struggle continues, although in other forms.

In the monastery, everyone is escorted to the bell tower by the blind bell ringer, novice Yegoriy. He is young and has a very similar face to Peter. Yegory is embittered at the whole world. He rudely scolds the village children who are trying to get into the bell tower. After everyone goes downstairs, Peter remains to talk with the bell ringer. It turns out that Yegoriy is also born blind. There is another bell-ringer in the monastery, Roman, who has been blind since the age of seven. Yegory envies Roman, who has seen the light, seen his mother, remembers her... When Peter and Yegory finish their conversation, Roman arrives. He is kind and affectionate with a bunch of kids.

This meeting sharply aggravated his suffering and sowed doubts in his soul. After visiting the monastery and meeting the blind bell-ringers, he is haunted by the painful thought that isolation from people, anger and selfishness are the inevitable qualities of a person born blind. Peter feels the commonality of his fate with the fate of the embittered bell-ringer Yegor, who hates children.

He understands the depth of his misfortune and seems to become different, as embittered as Yegoriy. In his conviction that all those born blind are evil, Peter tortures his loved ones. He asks to explain the difference in colors that is incomprehensible to him. Peter reacts painfully to the touch of the sun's rays on his face. He even envies the blind beggars, whose hardships make them temporarily forget about blindness.

Peter becomes seriously ill. After recovery, he announces to his family that he will go with Uncle Maxim to Kyiv, where he will take lessons from a famous musician.

Uncle Maxim really goes to Kyiv and from there writes soothing letters home. Meanwhile, Peter, secretly from his mother, along with blind beggars, among whom Uncle Maxim’s acquaintance Fyodor Kandyba, goes to Pochaev. On this journey, Peter recognizes the world in its diversity and, empathizing with the grief of others, forgets about his own suffering.

After wandering with the blind and pilgrimage to the miraculous icon, the bitterness passes: Peter was indeed cured, but not from a physical illness, but from a mental illness. Anger is replaced by a feeling of compassion for people and a desire to help them. A blind man finds strength in music. Through music he can influence people, tell them the most important things about life that he himself found so difficult to understand.

Peter returns to the estate as a completely different person. That same fall, Peter marries Evelina. Peter's son is born. The father is afraid that the boy will be blind. And when the doctor reports that the child is undoubtedly sighted, Peter is overcome with such joy that for a few moments it seems to him as if he sees everything himself: the sky, the earth, his loved ones.

Three years pass. Peter becomes known for his musical talent. In Kyiv, during the “Contracts” fair, a large audience gathers to listen to a blind musician, whose fate is already the subject of legends.

Peter was able to feel life in its fullness, to remind people of the suffering of others.

2. The idea of ​​the story by V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician”

By the title itself - “The Blind Musician” - Korolenko identified one of the important themes of his work. Indeed, its main character is blind, that is, a person deprived of nature, deprived of the ability to see. But at the same time, he is a musician, which means that by nature he is endowed with a subtle and keen ear and musical talent. Thus, he is simultaneously “humiliated” and “exalted” by nature. The theme of human dependence on nature, on its biological laws, determines the essential side of this work.

The author's attention to issues of natural science is not at all surprising: Korolenko, like his contemporaries - Chekhov and Garshin, is a natural scientist by training. During his student years at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy, he enthusiastically listened to the lectures of Kliment Arkadyevich Timiryazev. Korolenko retells one of his lectures in the story “On Two Sides,” where the great scientist, who was then a little over thirty years old, is introduced under the name of Izborsky, a thin man with a thin, expressive face and beautiful large gray eyes. Timiryazev’s teaching on plant life, which had a broad general biological meaning, had a great influence on the future writer. Korolenko was also closely interested in questions of physiology, biology, and scientific psychology. Byaly G.A. Inescapable, cheerful, heroic (“Sokolinets”, “The Blind Musician”, “The River Plays” by V. G. Korolenko) // Peaks: A book about outstanding works of Russian literature / Comp. IN AND. Kuleshov - M.: Det.lit., 1983.P.56

When carefully reading “The Blind Musician,” it is not difficult to detect echoes of those natural science ideas that helped the writer understand and artistically reveal the inner world of a blind boy. Thus, a large place in the story is occupied by the theory of E. Haeckel, who, following Darwin, argued that man cannot be understood if we consider him outside the general and consistently developing picture of the evolution of the entire animal world. E. Haeckel formulated the so-called biogenetic law, which establishes the relationship and interdependence between the individual development of an individual and the development of its ancestors. Korolenko talks about the fate of his hero, a boy with the windows of his soul closed forever, in the spirit of this natural science theory. Nature, he believes, conveyed to the blind the experience of previous generations, the internal ability of vision, and only an incomprehensible incident deprived him of the opportunity to realize his internal ability. Being a link in the general chain of the human race, Korolenko’s hero is endowed with the need to see, and this unsatisfied need, these, as Korolenko writes, “unconscious impulses of nature” further aggravate the tragedy of the boy’s situation.

But from the same nature, as already mentioned, the hero of the story also receives a certain “compensation” - an unusually heightened perception of sounds. Maybe replacing light perceptions with sound ones will be a way out of the tragic situation for the boy? Korolenko’s “study” is dedicated to the artistic solution of this issue.

It is no coincidence that the author defined the genre of his narrative this way. The direct meaning of the French word "etude" is study, research. This word also has secondary meanings (for example, sketch from life), but one way or another they are all connected with the main one. In the introduction “From the Author” to the latest edition of his story, Korolenko, explaining the reason for its revision, refers, as scientists usually do when preparing new editions of their works, to new observations that clarify and confirm the previously put forward hypothesis. Korolenko made new observations during his meeting with two blind bell-ringers; as the writer emphasizes, he “recorded this important episode for him in his notebook directly from life.” “...In such work,” Korolenko wrote about “The Blind Musician,” “the artistic and creative process is closely connected and goes in parallel with analytical thought, working according to the strict rules of scientific analysis, only, of course, the artist is much freer in hypotheses.”

Speaking about the scientific basis of The Blind Musician, it should be remembered that starting from the second half of the 19th century, natural science had a significant impact on the social sciences and, in particular, on sociology. The populist sociologist and partly biologist, critic and publicist N.K. Mikhailovsky, many of whose views Korolenko learned in his early youth, in his work “Darwin’s Theory and Social Science” refers to the opinion of natural scientists who divided all living beings into two types: first type - "practical", the second - "ideal". According to the logic of N.K. Mikhailovsky’s reasoning, the “practical type”, transferred from the biological sphere to the social one, is a person who has adapted to modern social conditions. Such adaptation occurs due to the loss of completeness and harmony of existence, personal freedom, demands of conscience, altruistic impulses, that is, everything that is inherent only to man and that sets him apart from the animal world. A person of the “ideal type” will not adapt to existing social conditions, drowning out everything human in himself, but will try to change them, even if it is difficult to expect practical benefit from his efforts at the moment. During the difficult years of reaction in the 80s, when Korolenko was working on “The Blind Musician,” this approach to a person could not be more relevant.

The hero of “The Blind Musician” also has all the conditions to successfully adapt to the environment and circumstances. Material difficulties do not exist for him - he was born into a rich family, he has a kind and sympathetic mother, an intelligent teacher, a faithful friend who will become his wife. This means that for a reasonable and inevitable adaptation to the world around him, he only needs to extinguish the unclear “impulses of nature” within himself. How the struggle between the “ideal” and “practical” principles occurs in a person is described in “The Blind Musician.”

The plot of "The Blind Musician" includes two narratives. The first is about how a boy born blind instinctively reached out to the light: here we are talking about the natural nature of man, protesting against a particular case of violation of its general laws. The second narrative moves away from the biological properties of man and concerns primarily his social feelings. This is the story of how a man, depressed by personal misfortune, overcame his selfish focus on his own suffering and managed to develop active sympathy for all disadvantaged people. Social feeling appears in the story as a special healing instinct, the development of which can restore even the harmony of human existence disrupted by blind natural forces.

The organic combination of these two narratives, necessary for Korolenko in order to reveal the dialectic of the natural and social principles in man, required the writer to create a complex system of characters and complex relationships between them. However, at first glance it seems that this is not at all the case. First of all, it is striking that in “The Blind Musician” we have only positive heroes. Some sentimental and idyllic shade of the story is probably determined by this. Pyotr Popelsky's mother is kind, generous, and tender, deeply loving her son. The uncle of the hero of the story, Maxim Yatsenko, also evokes the sincere sympathy of the readers. “A bully,” a “duelist,” he boldly opposes the opinions of the well-meaning nobles around him, responds to the kindnesses of the gentlemen with insolence, and indulges the peasants in self-will and rudeness. He boldly sided with the same bully and “heretic” Garibaldi, under whose banner he fought for the freedom of Italy. Peter's friend Evelina is self-sacrifice embodied, quiet, modest, not self-aware, and even more so true.

The role of the teacher in this story belongs primarily to the Garibaldian Maxim. He creates a program for raising a blind boy, rightly believing that it is impossible to protect him from all the difficulties that will inevitably come his way. And he really manages to destroy that artificial greenhouse environment with which Peter was surrounded by a loving mother who considers herself guilty of her son. A strictly rational education system has a beneficial effect on the development of a blind boy, but there is one point where this system is powerless. Acting “practically” and “rationally,” Maxim tries to limit the sphere of interests of his pupil only to the boundaries of the world accessible to him, thereby directing the development of blind Peter along the path of forming a “practical” type.

To one of the main questions posed by Korolenko in “The Blind Musician,” whether a person can yearn for the “unexplored and unattainable,” the Garibaldian Maxim, starting to educate Peter, would answer without doubt: no, he cannot. And therefore, he stops more than once in amazement at the “impulses of nature” that are incomprehensible to him, forcing the hero of the story to strive to comprehend the inaccessible but necessary aspects of the world.

Maxim's practicality and rationalism lead to the fact that he, a man who preaches activity and the fight against hostile forces, without noticing it himself, demands from his pupil humility and submission in the face of unfavorable circumstances for him. “The boy can only get used to his blindness, and we must strive to make him forget about the light,” Maxim convinces Anna Mikhailovna. And yet, the sober rationalist Maxim has to bow his “square” head before the secrets of the human spirit that are incomprehensible to him. It turns out that you can “dream the impossible” and even intuitively perceive this impossible. “He knows a lot... “so,” his friend Evelina says about Peter, meaning instinctive, subconscious, intuitive knowledge.

The question of the meaning of intuition, of the relationship between the rational and subconscious elements in the process of comprehending the world is another important theme of “The Blind Musician.” If the decisive influence on the formation of the blind boy’s personality was exerted by the “impulses of nature,” the pressure of the experience of previous generations, then naturally all this brought to the fore intuition, instinct, and unconscious impulses. The development of the story's action shows the irresistible power of the intuitive principle in the soul of the blind: childhood dreams in which the blind man “sees” something, the desire to distinguish by touch the different colors of colored rags or feathers of a stork with his fingers, a passionate impulse towards light under the influence of love, attempts at “coloring” sounds. The assertion of the intuitive principle reaches its greatest strength in the scene of Peter’s instant insight under the influence of the news that his son was born sighted. Intuition appears in Korolenko’s story as a powerful force that causes enormous and fruitful tension in a person’s mental strength and capabilities. Although intuitive, vague impulses towards the unknown caused deep suffering to Peter, they were at the same time a call to living life for him, leading him out of a state of loneliness and isolation from the rest of humanity. They do not allow the hero of “The Blind Musician” to rest on the meager joys that life can give to a blind man; they save him from a state of miserable contentment, causing concern, anxiety and indignation at his fate.

At the same time, by themselves they can only lead to a heightened sense of personal grief, to blind selfish suffering. The impulses of nature, through their unconscious work, establish a connection between the individual and the human race, but this is not enough for a living person. We also need a direct connection with society, with the era, with the people of our time. Byaly G.A. Inescapable, cheerful, heroic (“Sokolinets”, “The Blind Musician”, “The River Plays” by V. G. Korolenko) // Peaks: A book about outstanding works of Russian literature / Comp. IN AND. Kuleshov - M.: Det.lit., 1983.P.59

Having realized the importance of extra-personal “biological” experience, Maxim strives to expand and enrich it with extra-personal social experience. Here Maxim turns out to be quite up to the task. He introduces his pupil to the heroic traditions of the people, destroys the manor peace of his life, and brings him into contact with representatives of “intellectual-populist idealism.” He teaches him a harsh lesson, explaining how his blind despair smacks of indifference to the suffering of other disadvantaged people. Under its influence, a blind musician leaves his prosperous home, goes to the poor blind, shares the hardships and hardships of their lives, sings their songs, recognizes the blind and sighted grief of other people and, under the influence of all this, transforms his personal impulses towards the impossible into the desire to realize his social task, reminding the “happy of the unfortunate” with his musical improvisations. This is how a blind musician “gets his sight.” This was a lively, talented, sensitive person, and such a person, according to Korolenko, cannot be content with reduced happiness. He will rush and yearn, indulge in blind despair, torment himself and others, but still he will fight for his right to “light” against the force of spontaneous chance.

Man’s desire for completeness, for happiness, although unknown, but inherent in the properties of human nature - this motive is characteristic not only of “The Blind Musician”, it was heard in “Makar’s Dream”, and in such stories as “Sokolinets”, “Killer”, “At-Davan”, “Marusya’s Zaimka”. Something indefinable and insurmountable prevents Korolenko’s heroes from turning into a “practical type”, adapting to the environment and circumstances, no matter how logical and justified such an adaptation may seem.

It is impossible for every person if he has a spark of God, much less possible for a person with artistic talent.

Art entered the life of a blind man as spontaneously and imperceptibly as other life experiences. It was something vague and indefinite that disturbed his childhood dreams, for which he himself could not at first come up with a name or find an explanation. It turned out that it was the iridescent sounds of a pipe that rushed from somewhere, mixing with the rustle of the southern evening. Thus, the source of the blind man’s first artistic impressions was artless folk poetry; his first music teacher was a simple man - the dudar Joachim. Then, when his apprenticeship ended, folk art entered Peter’s art as a natural, ready-made form into which his personal experiences and then his public sentiments were cast. Personal creativity and folk art were organically united in his compositions. Folk tunes sounded in his improvisation, which reflected the feelings that took possession of him after his love affair with Evelina, while the folk melody: “Give it to the sticky ones... for the sake of Hri-i-staaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaathe first public debut musician.

But this is not the only significance of folk art. The secret of the eternal vitality of folk poetry, according to Korolenko, is that it is full of memories of disappeared, but still living folk antiquity, of the heroic past of the people. This “folk legend” is intended to enrich the art of modern society. However, for all its connections with the poetry of heroic folk memories, especially important “among the everyday and gray present day,” modern art cannot limit itself to the poetry of past struggles.

There is an important episode in The Blind Musician in which Korolenko draws a sharp line between the romance of the historical past and the romance of today's aspirations. During an excursion to the monastery, the youth came across the grave of a blind bandura player who died in the distant past in a battle with the Tatars. Young people are moved by the heroic romance of bygone times.

“What should have disappeared disappeared,” Maxim said somehow coldly. “They lived in their own way, you are looking for yours.”

Maxim tells his young companions the story of his life, full of searches, anxieties, and struggles.

“What remains for us?” asked the student after a moment of silence.

The same eternal struggle.

Where? In what forms?

Look, - Maxim answered briefly." Korolenko V.G. Blind musician. Publishing house "Yunatstva", Minsk, 1981.P.65.

Korolenko also said the same to his contemporaries. He did not prescribe what forms this struggle should take, he only said that these forms must be found, their own for each generation. During the period of reaction, many justified themselves by the impossibility of the struggle, its futility, and saw a certain tragic “merit” in their suffering. Korolenko argued that suffering in itself has no merit; it can sometimes be blind and selfish. Merit in overcoming suffering and in the struggle for happiness; It is not without reason that it is said in Korolenko’s essay “Paradox”: “Man is created for happiness, like a bird for flight.”

The idea of ​​happiness is always associated in the human mind with images of light and the sun. Depicting the experiences of a blind person, that is, a person deprived of these natural benefits, creating a picture of the world in his perception - all this presented Korolenko with a very difficult artistic task. Turning off visual impressions gave the depicted world a special coloring, devoid of visual certainty, clarity, more vague, associated with noise, rustling, and sounds without optical addition. The very idea of ​​the story thus gave it the character of an artistic experiment.

The task of showing the world as perceived by a blind person, a world devoid of colors and lines, forced Korolenko to enhance the sound and musical side of the work. The depiction of internal experiences is usually accompanied by parallels and comparisons with the external world; here we also had to limit ourselves to auditory ideas. The world, shown through the prism of a blind person’s perception, lost its concrete objectivity and acquired the character of something vague, vaguely sad, foggy-melancholic, filled with the rustling of leaves, the whisper of grass and vague sighs of the steppe wind.

Korolenko creates soundscapes in The Blind Musician. This is the picture of spring nature in the first chapter of the story. Its main mood is formed by “hasty spring drops,” which knock “with a thousand ringing blows,” like “pebbles quickly beating out an iridescent beat.” This is the landscape near the mill in the scene of the love explanation between Peter and Evelina. “It was quiet; only the water was talking about something, murmuring and ringing. At times it seemed that this conversation was weakening and was about to die down; but immediately it rose again and again rang without end or interruption. The thick bird cherry tree whispered through the dark leaves; a song. near the house fell silent, but over the pond the nightingale began to sing..." Korolenko V.G. Blind musician. Publishing house "Yunatstva", Minsk, 1981.P.67

Even spatial representations are conveyed by sound images. Thus, the feeling of distance is conveyed by the sounds of a dying song. But the reality of perception dims, twitches with fog, when the sound begins to hint at the phenomena of color, which the blind seeks to perceive, or when the hero encounters a quiet, silent nature. Then the world loses not only visual, but also sound concreteness, acquiring vague, ghostly outlines. This is the summer landscape in the first chapter, a silent landscape, almost silent, filled with the sensation of a summer breeze, perceived only in the form of vague tactile impressions. “He only felt something material, caressing and warm touching his face with a gentle, warming touch. Then someone cool and light, although less light than the warmth of the sun’s rays, removes this bliss from his face and runs over him feeling of fresh coolness." The vagueness and ghostliness of this landscape is emphasized by the description of the painful impression it makes on the blind boy. Turning off visual images with an almost complete absence of sound impressions gives rise to painful fragmentation, disharmony of consciousness, and the child loses his senses.

Another source of images that are far from realistic concreteness is that the main character of the story is not only blind, but a blind musician. Analysis of the process of awakening and development of musical feeling, translation of musical improvisations into the language of words, clarification of the vague inner world of Peter with the help of sketches of the moods evoked by his plays - all this led to a new influx of images that reflected not the feelings and thoughts of the hero, but, as it were, vague shadows these thoughts and feelings.

Thus, the story, conceived as an experimental scientific “study,” was filled with romantic-impressionistic images. “Yes, we often yearn for the impossible, and there were entire periods of life when this longing (for example, for the blue flower of Novalis) left its mark on entire generations. Now that I can re-read The Blind Musician as a reader, I see that it reflected the romantic mood of my generation in its youth and this is its unique and lively flavor,” wrote Korolenko in 1917. A year earlier, he noted: “...the aspirations of romantic generations, which took the form of longing for a blue flower” or the search for a “blue bird,” in my blind man easily and naturally result in a dream: “I want to see”3. The romantic symbol of the blue flower was replaced by Korolenko with the symbolism of light. The pathetic picture of the sunrise was the central lyrical episode in Makar's Dream. In the essay “On an Eclipse” the first ray of the reborn sun dispels the ghosts of prejudice, fear, prejudice and enmity: “The light flashed - and we became brothers again...” The rising sun dispersed the dead mists of the old faith in the fantasy “Shadows”, dedicated to the philosophical quests of Socrates . The blind musician was also drawn to the sun and light in his romantic longing for the “unattainable” and “unexplored.”

Conclusion

Korolenko’s work reveals the deep inner beauty of people from the people.

V. G. Korolenko in his poetic story “The Blind Musician” talks about a boy who was blind from birth, but very gifted. The author tried to answer eternal questions about what happiness is, what role art and love play in human life.

The greatest artist of the word Korolenko in his blind “Blind Musician” clearly showed how problematic and fragile this individual human happiness is. A person can be happy if, when with all the threads of his soul, when with all his body and all his heart he is united with his class, and only then his life will be full and whole.

Korolenko is a great humanist, full of faith in the creative powers of man and the people as a whole.

For a writer, a person is the greatest value in the world. Love for a person, faith in the realization of his creative potential permeates all the writer’s work.

Korolenko's work, remarkable for its versatile richness of content, nobility of ideas, and perfection of artistic form, occupies a prominent place in the history of Russian classical literature.

List of used literature

1. Averin B. Personality and creativity V.G. Korolenko // Korolenko V.G. Collection cit.: In 5 vols. L.: Fiction, 1989. T. 1. P. 7.

2. Byaly G.A. Inescapable, cheerful, heroic (“Sokolinets”, “The Blind Musician”, “The River Plays” by V. G. Korolenko) // Peaks: A book about outstanding works of Russian literature / Comp. IN AND. Kuleshov - M.: Det.lit., 1983.

3. Dobrolyubov N. A. Russian classics. M., "Science", 1970, p. 346.

4. Korolenko V.G. Blind musician. Publishing house "Yunatstva", Minsk, 1981

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Extracurricular reading lesson based on the story

Lesson topic. Moral problems in the story

V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician.”

Lesson type : Improving knowledge, skills and abilities, targeted

application of assimilation.

Lesson type: The lesson is a study with elements of analysis of 2 episodes.

Educational

task: increasing the level of perception and depth of penetration

in literary text;

show the spiritual renewal of a person offended

destiny, the path to realizing one's destiny.

Development objective:

raising an attentive and thoughtful reader;

ability to work with a work of art,

analyze what you read, select the main thing;

training in competent analysis of individual episodes;

ability to speak.

Educational

task: help students hear the moral voice

the story, its worldly wisdom;

education of tolerance and mercy.

Equipment: portrait of V.G. Korolenko,

student drawings for various episodes,

fragment from the film,

musical accompaniment,

illustrations,

book exhibition.

Theme, idea, genre, plot, composition of the work. /Name/.

Subject : about overcoming difficulties, about the trials that befell the hero from the very beginning

birth, about the importance of human destiny.

Idea : show the difficult path to realizing your purpose.

“My task was not specifically the psychology of the blind, but

psychology of universal human longing for completeness

existence."

Genre: story.

Plot: includes, as it were, 2 narratives:

1 – about how a boy born blind was drawn to the light, to life;

2 – a story about how a man, depressed by personal misfortune, overcame

passive suffering for himself, found a place in life and managed to cultivate in himself

understanding and compassion for all disadvantaged people.

Composition :

Exposure: 1, 2 ch. - a premonition of trouble - and a verdict:"The child was born blind."

This is a tragedy. How will his life turn out?

Development of action : The boy’s fate depends on those around him, on the participation of loved ones:

/mother, uncle Maxim, Evelina/.

Climax: Resign yourself and suffer or challenge fate?

/meeting with the bell ringer, conversation with uncle/.

Denouement : The path of search, finding happiness: wife, son, talent, recognition.

Epilogue: Instead of blind, selfish suffering, he found a feeling of life in his soul

“... he began to feel both human grief and human joy.”

1. Teacher's introduction .

For every young person at a certain time, the question arises about his future fate, about his attitude towards people and towards the world. The world around us is huge, there are many different roads in it, and a person’s future depends on the right choice of his life path.

Life requires from everyone not only the ability to survive, but also civic responsibility. And only by realizing this problem (choosing a path) and accepting responsibility for the chosen path can a person move on.

We will talk about this in class today.

But what about someone who does not know this huge world - a blind person?

SO:

The topic of our extracurricular reading - Moral problems in the story

V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician.”

The purpose of our lesson – try to understand what moral commandments the author left for his descendants in his story?

For today's lesson, assignments and questions were given for each group.

So, I invite you to a conversation and to reflect on what you read.

Main question , which the author put in the story is:

« What, exactly, was man created for?”

“Man is created for happiness, like a bird is created for flight.” But the hero of the story answers with bitter irony:

“... only happiness is not always created for him.”

The question of what is happiness? Where are its boundaries? What is its meaning?

Is a person, as an individual, able to resist circumstances and change these circumstances? – the author dedicated one of his most remarkable works, “The Blind Musician,” first published in 1886.

The birth of a blind child is a tragedy.

What will happen to him?

2. Work in groups.

Let's look at the stages

formation of personality, during which the main character is formed:

Stage 1:

1. Ways of understanding the world.

/1st contact with the natural world occurs for a boy at approximately

3 years. How subtly and surprisingly accurately the author conveys the feelings that

experienced by a blind child. Korolenko notices subtle

experiences, impressions of a child's soul. Boy painfully

listens to the world of sounds. To show the boy's world of perception,

Ringing drops

gently murmuring water,

bird cherry rustling leaves,

trills of a nightingale song,

roar, noise, creaking carts, rustling wheels,

human talk of the fair,

the sound of branches hitting glass,

calls of cranes. / Chapter 1, subtitle 6/.

- How does cognition of the surrounding world occur?

Painfully listens, anxiously stretches out his hands,

looks for his mother and clings to her.

Conclusion: The world is perceived by the boy through sounds, smells, sensations.

So: Sound forms became the main forms of his thought.

What feelings does this world evoke? / Curiosity, fear/.

Conclusion:

But he was lucky.

Two people first took a special part in the child’s fate:

his mother and uncle Maxim. Two different beginnings -

mother's tenderness and poetry

and the courage of the old warrior - helped Peter get to know the world.

Conclusion. The role of an uncle is invaluable. He could not remain indifferent to the fate of his nephew. And not only because their fates are similar:

both are disabled: he has no legs,

the other has vision.

It is he who prevents his sister from turning the child into a “greenhouse plant.” And we are convinced that he is right.

What would have happened to the boy without his uncle's participation?

/I would withdraw into myself/.

There are loving people next to him. He knew the warmth of the family, the kind, friendly concern of those around him.

He was given a talent: a love of music /Joachim/.

Fate gave Peter a guardian angel in the form of Evelina.

2 – stage.

Everything seemed fine.

But my uncle decided to expand the boundaries of space. Introduces people of different social statuses:

- meeting with the Stavruchenkov family, blind beggars-bandura players….

He learned about the existence of another world, a world outside the estate. He felt like a stranger, defective. Peter was completely plunged into darkness, into personal misfortune.

This world is unknown to him and will this world want to accept a blind man?

- The suffering in his soul intensified andafter meeting with the bell ringer.

How did he feel?

/ He felt that the fate of the blind was anger and resentment. A mental crisis has arrived. Watch the episode.

EPISODE ANALYSIS.

“I wanted you to feel someone else’s grief and stop running around

with his", - he says to the young man with anger.

“You only know how to blaspheme with your well-fed envy of

someone else’s hunger!...” – Maxim Yatsenko says to his nephew.

Why does his uncle talk to him like that?

/ The uncle reveals to the young man the full depth of human suffering:

inspires that personal misfortunes are insignificant compared to the suffering of the people/.

Conclusion:

This episode has special significance.T.K. the hero receives his moral lesson, the uncle’s words are decisive and bring clarity to the hero’s thoughts and actions:

Conclusion: Peter makes a choice: he goes to wander with the blind on the advice of his uncle.

After a long journey, anger is replaced by compassion for people and a desire to help them. In the end, the suffering, which he learned about from his own experience, cured him, his soul was healed: “as if the nightmare had disappeared forever from the estate,” where Peter returned.

We see that folk music, which he mastered to perfection, helped him find peace of mind.

And soon he mastered the heights of classical music.

He finds strength in music, which can influence people, tell them the main thing about life that was so difficult for him to understand.

The story ends with a concert, where we see Peter confident and strong.

He achieved this only with the help of his environment and his own perseverance.

Another remarkable image in the work is the image of Evelina.

She made an equally difficult choice. But it's her choice. And the writer convinces us that this was not a sacrifice, but a manifestation of sincere and very selfless love. The author glorifies the love of a girl who is ready to sacrifice her well-being for the happiness of her loved one. Evelina’s personal feat takes on a highly civic meaning.

So, a story about a complex comprehension of the world,

about his small victories over his illness, about the fact that a person

must fight for the right to be human, despite

circumstances.

Conclusion: So, what helped Peter return to a full life?

- love of loved ones,

- human fate,

- the mercy of others,

- own will.

Essay miniature. What does the story teach us?

Summarizing.

Extracurricular reading in 8th grade

on literature:

Moral issues

in the story by V.G. Korolenko

"The Blind Musician"

During the classes.

1. Introductory speech by the teacher.

2. Work in groups.

- Theme, idea, title of the work, genre, plot, composition of the story.

- Stages of personality development, during which the most

common common features.

- The skill of the writer.

-Attitude of others towards the main character.

-Analysis of episodes.

3. Listening to music.

4. Essay – miniature.

1. What does the story teach us? or

2. Am I capable of compassion and sensitivity to my neighbor?

5. Summing up.

SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE

Problems of the story

V.G. Korolenko

"The Blind Musician"

8th grade student

GBOU OOSH village. Art. Maksimkino

Supervisor:

Grigorieva L.G.,

teacher of Russian language

and literature

With. Cats, 2015

Introduction………………………………………………………... page 3

Chapter 1. Problems of a work of art…… page 4

Chapter 2. V.G. Korolenko – humanist writer ………………. page 6

Chapter 3. “The Blind Musician” - the struggle for happiness and light...... page 7

3.1. The meaning of human life …………………………… p. 7

3.2. True blindness and spiritual insight……………….. page 9

3.3. The choice of heroes of the story……………………………………... page 12

Conclusion……………………………………………………… p.13

List of information sources used………….. page 15

Introduction

"Man is created for happiness, like a bird is created for flight"

The work of V. Korolenko, even during his lifetime, became a symbol of the conscience and honor of the era. Thanks to his powers of observation and ability to understand people, the writer drew plots for his works from real life events.

Many of his works raise the question of why a person exists, what role he plays in society. In “The Blind Musician” the theme of self-determination and choice of life path is very clearly visible. V.G. Korolenko provides the reader with the opportunity to understand what is meant by human blindness: its physical or spiritual manifestation.

The relevance of research The point is that the author’s reflections and experiences on the issue raised in the story are important for understanding his place in life today.

His hero is deprived of the ability to see. But he comes to understand that the choice of life path, life goal belongs to the person himself, that a person must find a way to realize himself in order to survive in society. Every person must fight for his own happiness, overcome physical and moral barriers that prevent a person from finding his purpose in life.

Goal of the work: identify the problems of the story “The Blind Musician”

Tasks:

Study the concept of the problematics of a work of art;

Analyze V.G. Korolenko’s story “The Blind Musician” to determine the type of problem in the work;

To trace the stages of personality formation, during which the main character is formed, his “vision” of the world around him is formed;

An object: story by V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician”

Subject of study: problems of the story

Chapter 1. Problems of a work of art

The problematic of a work of art is a manifestation of the author’s position towards the depicted reality. These are the author’s thoughts and experiences on the topic that he raises in his work. The writer often, with his work, calls the reader to a frank conversation, invites him to discuss the proposed issues. The author of a particular work presents for discussion a number of problems, a system of values, ideas about the world, society, the principles and meaning of life, etc.

The problematic is the central part of artistic content. It contains the main idea of ​​the work, what it was created for, it contains the author’s view of the world. Reading the text of a work of art, a person becomes imbued with sympathy and feelings for the characters, reflects on the events occurring in the story or novel, although, perhaps, he cannot always agree with the author, having his own vision of resolving situations.

The problems reveal the author's unique view of the world, of the surrounding reality, because this category is characterized by the subjectivity of artistic content. Therefore, when analyzing a literary text, we consider the individual originality of the work, compare it with the works of the author himself, or, more often, compare it with the works of other authors.

In literary criticism, several types of problems of a work of art are distinguished. Esin A.B. in the book “Principles and Techniques of Analysis of a Literary Work” he identifies the following types of problematics of a work of art:

Mythological problems are the problems of fantastic literature, which provides an explanation for the emergence of various phenomena.

National historical issues are associated with works that address issues related to the fate of the people, turning points in their history, and the definition of national character.

Sociocultural issues distinguish works that are characterized by a description of everyday life, everyday opinion, customary properties and qualities of people that have developed in different strata of society. In works with this issue, what is important is not the individual person, but the environment in which a person’s qualities are formed.

The novel's problems are divided into two more varieties: adventurous and ideological-moral.

In works with the first variety " writers placed the main emphasis on the dynamics of external changes in the fate and position of the individual. The ideological interest of the writers focused on what vicissitudes befall a person, how favorable and unfavorable accidents rapidly change his position, and how the person himself “holds on” in this stream of events that carry him.”(2)

In works with ideological and moral issues, the focus is on the person in search. The hero in such works tries to find the answer to the questions that life poses to him: what is good and evil, what is the meaning of life, where is truth and justice, etc.

Chapter 2. V.G. Korolenko - humanist writer

Korolenko wrote in difficult times, when they tried to suppress all living things, despondency reigned in society, notes of sorrow and melancholy were heard in art. In Korolenko’s stories, other motives were heard: motives of struggle, masculinity, will, honor.

“He was obsessed with a humanistic, romantically beautiful dream of a man as free as a bird, of human equality and happiness,” says about V.G. Korolenko literary historian F.I. Kuleshov. (4)

“You cannot write about a person without a humane attitude towards him, and an inevitable element in the work of every writer is natural love for people - for the very people who, in one form or another, constitute the subject and ultimate goal of his beautiful depiction,” supports Yu. Aikhenvald . (1)

In the works of V.G. Korolenko always brings the person to the fore. Thanks to the power of the writer’s word, the author makes us empathize with the main character, experience life’s difficulties with him, and become imbued with his thoughts and feelings.The author makes you think about the fate of a person, about his purpose in this life. “Life in general, in its smallest and largest manifestations, seems to me to be a manifestation of a general great law, the main, main features of which are goodness and happiness. What if there is no happiness? Well, the exception does not negate the rule. If you don’t have your own happiness, you have someone else’s, and yet the law of life is the desire for happiness and its increasing realization,” the writer himself believed. (14)

The heroes gradually come to an understanding of their place in life: “not the slightest idea about the purpose of man” - “the collision of... illusions with sober reality” - “man was created only for happiness, like a bird for flight” (...)

“...happiness is only in life, and all life is aspiration, achievement, new aspiration,” says V. Korolenko, talking about the short story “Ogonki”. (14) In this work, which, as he himself defines it, is more like a prose poem, the writer expressed a philosophical thought about the meaning and purpose of human existence. Often a person on a difficult path in life gives up, experiencing continuous breakdowns and failures.

"But anyway ... after all, there are lights ahead! ”, which force you to get up and walk, beckoning with their proximity, promise, light. And we continue to live and hope for the best, strive to achieve the goal, hope for a better life, otherwise, why is it needed?

The formation of personality in the works of V.G. Korolenko takes place in the collision of heroes with reality, with life reality, with life philosophy. The characters reflect on the contradictory reality and their attitude towards it. Sometimes these thoughts lead to strong internal contradictions that seem insoluble. The heroes are trying to find a way out of the current situation, trying to test their theories with practice.

A person’s ideological and moral position is formed in active interaction with different points of view on the world, with other “truths”.

Every person wants happiness and every person deserves it. The main thing is the internal content, and not external qualities and features. These postulates unite many of the writer’s works.

Chapter 3. “The Blind Musician” - the struggle for happiness and light

3.1. The meaning of human life

Is a person, as an individual, able to resist circumstances and change these circumstances? – the author dedicated one of his most remarkable works, “The Blind Musician,” first published in 1886.

The story “The Blind Musician” is a work about determining one’s purpose in the world, about the happiness of every person. The writer devotes his sketch to the question of what happiness is, where its boundaries are and what its meaning is.

Already by the title itself, Korolenko identified one of the important themes of his work. His hero is blind, that is, a person deprived of nature, deprived of the ability to see. But at the same time, he is a musician, which means that by nature he is endowed with a subtle and keen ear and musical talent. Thus, he is simultaneously “humiliated” and “exalted” by nature. Peter's life takes place among people who love him, but the painful thought does not leave him that isolation from people, anger and selfishness are the inevitable qualities of a person born blind. Meeting new people and the big world brings the young man an understanding that the choice of path belongs to the person himself. Anger and despair are replaced by a feeling of compassion for people and a desire to help them. A blind man finds strength in music. Through music he can influence people, tell them the main thing about life, what he himself found so difficult to understand. This is the choice of a blind musician.

“My main artistic task was not specifically the psychology of the blind, but the psychology of universal human longing for the unattainable and longing for the fullness of existence,” says V.G. Korolenko, despite the fact that he defines the genre of the work as a sketch. Etude, as you know, is translated from French as “teaching, study.” The hero of the work, Peter Popelsky, will also have to get to know himself, his capabilities and abilities.

Life puts Korolenko’s heroes in the most difficult conditions, sometimes makes them lose self-control, lose faith in people, convince them that there is nothing good and sincere in those around them, neither in people nor in life, but the call of the soul forces them to go forward, compare, draw conclusions, make sure In my experience it's the opposite.

V. Korolenko believes that the highest logic of human manifestations lies in the dictates of the heart, and not in the laws of the mind. This is how Uncle Maxim tries to explain to his nephew what the “crimson” and “red” ringing of a bell is. Peter does not see, but Maxim tries to give an idea of ​​the special ringing of the bell, replacing visual images with auditory and musical ones. He wants the boy to imagine the cheerful festive ringing of a bell, to feel the atmosphere of awakening spring life.

Peter tries to “see” this. According to Korolenko, the essence of human abilities lies in the fact that a person deprived of vision will strive for satisfaction instinctively, unconsciously, because this is inherent in man by nature. Notes of protest against such unnaturalness, against violation of the laws of nature, should arise in the hero’s soul.

Painfully, painfully, Peter tries to collect separate musical and sound ideas about the world into one whole. His imagination created“its own world, sad, mournful and twilight, but not devoid of peculiar, vague poetry.” So Korolenko explores, like a scientist, individual sensations and impressions of his hero into complex concepts and ideas.

The author states: if a boy is blind, this does not mean that he cannot do anything, he must learn something in order to stand firmly on his feet, on the road of life. Korolenko’s hero goes through the same tests that the writer knew from his own inner experience, what he himself went through in life. This is the desire for light, overcoming obstacles on the path to light.

3.2. True blindness and spiritual insight

Due to a tragic set of circumstances, the hero of the story “The Blind Musician” is deprived of the opportunity to satisfy one of the most important human needs - the need to see.

The author describes step by step the life path of a blind boy. There is a huge world around him with many roads with different obstacles. What will happen to him next? How will his life turn out? How to choose the right path in life? Much will depend on the people who surround him, on their ability to support and lend a hand in difficult moments.

Korolenko focuses attention on the psychological process of the hero’s mental upheaval. ABOUT He tries to trace this process from the first, instinctive movements of the human soul to conscious social actions. Not only the main characters, but also the people around him constantly find themselves at an internal crossroads.

The birth of a blind child is always a tragedy. This is how the mother and his uncle perceive the news of Petrus’s blindness tragically. The heroes are faced with a choice. What should I do? What idea of ​​life should you give your child?

Maxim, deprived of legs, disabled, understands like no one the difficulties of his nephew’s future life. He, a courageous old warrior, cannot remain indifferent to the fate of his nephew, and will not allow his sister to turn the child into a “greenhouse plant.” Two different principles - the tenderness and poetry of the mother and the courage of the old warrior - help Peter get to know the world.

A boy's first contact with the outside world occurs at approximately three years of age. The author subtly and surprisingly accurately conveys the feelings that a blind child experiences. Korolenko notices subtle experiences, impressions of a child’s soul. The boy painfully listens to the world of sounds. To show the world of the boy’s perception, the author finds in the language all the necessary words to describe spring: “ringing drops, gently murmuring water, bird cherry rustling leaves, trills of a nightingale song, roar, noise, creaking carts, rustling wheels, human talk of the fair, the knocking of branches about the glass, the cries of cranes.” The boy painfully listens to unfamiliar sounds, fearfully stretches out his hands, looking for his mother, and presses against her. This first acquaintance with the natural world ended with him being delirious for several days. The hero faces a difficult path in understanding the world around him and the world of his own sensations.

The boy begins to perceive the world through sounds, smells, sensations. Sound forms became the main forms of his thought. This world arouses his curiosity and fear. But he was lucky. Next to him are his loving mother and uncle, whoThey try to help the boy comprehend sounds and sensations. Petrus fell in love with listening to the groom Joachim play the pipe. He learns to play the pipe from him.Maxim asks the groom to play folk music for the boy.

Peter continues to explore the world in sounds and sensations. He represents some completely unfamiliar concepts in sounds. But at the same time, these same sounds rain down on him from all sides, giving him no rest. Sometimes he cannot even withstand the pressure of emotions. This is what happens when the mother buys a piano. Each new sound evoked new emotions in Peter’s soul. The sounds of the new instrument turned out to be rude for the boy compared to Joachim’s pipe and caused him new disorders.

He was given a talent: a love of music. The melodies he plays fascinate all listeners: a blind boy can sense sounds, they help him see the world around him without sight. Fate gives him an acquaintance with Evelina.

Everything seems to be fine. But Maxim decided to expand the boundaries of space. He introduces Peter to people of different social positions. Invites the Stavruchenko family to visit. Uncle wants Peter I felt that a bright and interesting life was flowing nearby.

But soon he felt like a stranger, defective. Peter is completely plunged into darkness, into personal misfortune. This world is unknown to him and will this world want to accept a blind man? The suffering in his soul worsens after meeting the bell ringer. He felt that the fate of the blind was anger and resentment. A mental crisis ensues. “I wanted you to feel someone else’s grief and stop worrying about your own,” he angrily tells the young man. “You only know how to blaspheme with your well-fed envy of someone else’s hunger!...” - Maxim Yatsenko says to his nephew. The uncle reveals to the young man the full depth of human suffering: he inspires him that personal misfortunes are insignificant compared to the suffering of others.

The hero receives his moral lesson, the uncle’s words are decisive and bring clarity to the hero’s thoughts and actions. Peter makes a choice: he goes to wander with the blind on the advice of his uncle. After a long journey, anger is replaced by compassion for people and a desire to help them. The suffering, which he learned about from his own experience, healed his soul: “as if the nightmare had disappeared forever from the estate,” where Peter returned. Folk music, which he mastered to perfection, helped him find peace of mind. And soon he mastered the heights of classical music. He finds strength in music, which can influence people, tell them the main thing about life that was so difficult for him to understand. Peter became confident and strong.

Meeting new people and the big world brought the young man not only suffering, but also the understanding that the choice of path belongs to the person himself.

3.3. Choosing the heroes of the story

In Korolenko's story, not only Peter is faced with the problem of choice. Evelina, the blind man’s friend, must make an equally difficult choice. They had been together since childhood; the girl’s company and caring attention helped and supported Peter. Their friendship gave a lot and Evelina, like Peter, had almost no idea about life outside the estate. The meeting with the Stavruchenko brothers was also for her a meeting with an unfamiliar and large world that was ready to accept her. Young people are trying to captivate her with dreams and expectations; they do not believe that at seventeen you can already plan your life. Dreams intoxicate her, but in that life there is no place for Peter. She understands Peter’s suffering and doubts - and performs a “quiet feat of love”: she is the first to speak about her feelings to Peter. The decision to start a family also comes from Evelina. It's her choice. For the sake of blind Peter, she immediately and forever closes the path so temptingly outlined by the students. And the writer convinces us that this was not a sacrifice, but a manifestation of sincere and very selfless love.

The work ends with a concert by Piotr Popelski. Among the spectators in the hall is his uncle. Maxim, like no one else, hears and feels the music of his nephew. He hears the sounds of nature, the sounds of folk music and the melody of the poor blind bandura players. The uncle understands that his nephew has found his way in life, he has found his happiness in music, his family, Evelina and his son. Realizing his own merit in this, Maxim is convinced that he did not live his life in vain. P understands that it was precisely in helping his blind nephew to become a child that the main meaning of his life was, this is his happiness.

So, the story “The Blind Musician” is about the difficult comprehension of the world, about his small victories over illness, about the fact that a person must fight for the right to be human, despite the circumstances, must overcome obstacles on the way to find himself.

Conclusion

“The Blind Musician” is permeated with the writer’s deep emotional experiences. Vladimir Galaktionovich, as the basis of all Russian classical literature, considers in his work the eternal questions of existence, the main values V human life and the meaning of his existence.

And at the same time he longs to know why he was given this particular life, why he goes through so many trials. After all, if a person does not know why he was given life, why he has such a destiny, his gift can become in vain, useless for the spiritual development of a person.

Many obediently and calmly bear the burden, others complain, are sad, make peace reasonably, creating the “folk wisdom” that it is stupid to go against fate. But there are also those who are not deprived of limitations. They can't put up with her. Illnesses, failures, difficulties give rise to their protest and give birth to their creativity. This is the main idea of ​​the sketch “The Blind Musician”.

You need to overcome the dark sides of your life, so you “have to lean on the oars” and go towards the light, the sun, and happiness!

Blind Peter Popelsky eventually not only realized that he was necessary for life, but also overcame his blindness. Pyotr Popelsky’s “epiphany” could not have happened without the social experience he acquired, without his “going among the people,” when he, plunging into a previously unknown world of poverty, grief and tears, was able to feel the suffering of the disadvantaged as his own, thanks to which he was able overcome selfish focus on one's own misfortune.

Thus, the problematic of the story “The Blind Musician” by Korolenko is an affirmation of the need to fight for happiness. This is an understanding of the fullness of life as service to others, “a reminder to the happy of the unfortunate.” This is a statement of the tireless desire for self-improvement, the desire to know oneself. Nothing happens that easily.To achieve any goal you need highmotivation , but only too strong a desire to achieve something is usually the main obstacle.

But... “the one who walks will master the road”

List of sources used

1. Aikhenvald Yu. I. Korolenko
http://korolenko.lit-info.ru

http://bookucheba.com/teoriya

3.V.B.Kataev. Moments of heroism

4.F.I.Kuleshov. Rebel Talent

5.Merezhkovsky D.S. Stories by Vl. Korolenko

14. (Korolenko about happiness)

Composition

For every young person at a certain time, the question arises about his future fate, about his attitude towards people and towards the world. The world around us is huge, there are many different roads in it, and a person’s future depends on the right choice of his life path. But what about someone who does not know this huge world - a blind person?
Korolenko places his hero, the born blind Peter, in very difficult conditions, endowing him with intelligence, talent as a musician and heightened sensitivity to all manifestations of life, which he will never be able to see. Since childhood, he knew only one world, calm and reliable, where he always felt like the center. He knew the warmth of the family and Evelina’s kind, friendly concern. The inability to see color, the appearance of objects, the beauty of the surrounding nature upset him, but he imagined this familiar world of the estate thanks to his sensitive perception of its sounds.
Everything changed after meeting the Stavruchenkov family: he learned about the existence of another world, a world outside the estate. At first he reacted to these disputes, to the stormy expression of the opinions and expectations of young people with enthusiastic amazement, but soon felt “that this living wave was rolling past him.” He's a stranger. The rules of life in the big world are unknown to him, and it is also unknown whether this world will want to accept a blind man. This meeting sharply aggravated his suffering and sowed doubts in his soul. After visiting the monastery and meeting the blind bell-ringers, he is haunted by the painful thought that isolation from people, anger and selfishness are the inevitable qualities of a person born blind. Peter feels the commonality of his fate with the fate of the embittered bell-ringer Yegor, who hates children. But a different attitude towards the world and people is also possible. There is a legend about the blind bandura player Yurka, who took part in the campaigns of Ataman Ignat Kary. Peter learned this legend from Stavruchenko: meeting new people and the big world brought the young man not only suffering, but also the understanding that the choice of path belongs to the person himself.
Most of all, Uncle Maxim helped Peter and his lessons. After wandering with the blind and pilgrimage to the miraculous icon, the bitterness passes: Peter was indeed cured, but not from a physical illness, but from a mental illness. Anger is replaced by a feeling of compassion for people and a desire to help them. A blind man finds strength in music. Through music he can influence people, tell them the most important things about life that he himself found so difficult to understand. This is the choice of a blind musician.
In Korolenko's story, not only Peter is faced with the problem of choice. Evelina, the blind man’s friend, must make an equally difficult choice. They had been together since childhood; the girl’s company and caring attention helped and supported Peter. Their friendship gave a lot and Evelina, like Peter, had almost no idea about life outside the estate. The meeting with the Stavruchenko brothers was also for her a meeting with an unfamiliar and large world that was ready to accept her. Young people are trying to captivate her with dreams and expectations; they do not believe that at seventeen you can already plan your life. Dreams intoxicate her, but in that life there is no place for Peter. She understands Peter’s suffering and doubts - and performs a “quiet feat of love”: she is the first to speak about her feelings to Peter. The decision to start a family also comes from Evelina. It's her choice. For the sake of blind Peter, she immediately and forever closes the path so temptingly outlined by the students. And the writer was able to convince us that this was not a sacrifice, but a manifestation of sincere and very selfless love.