Presentation "M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Life and creativity

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Essay on life and creativity. Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin

I love Russia to the point of heartache... Literary critic Editor of Sovremennik and Otechestvennye Zapiski magazines (together with Nekrasov) Satirist writer

The house where the future writer was born. Spas-Ugol estate. Childhood surrounded by “all the horrors of serfdom.”

The writer’s mother Olga Mikhailovna The writer’s father Evgraf Vasilievich

Noble Institute in Moscow Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum Education

“Vyatka captivity” Stories “Contradictions”, “A Confused Affair” “a harmful way of thinking and a destructive desire to spread ideas that shook the whole of Western Europe” (Nicholas I) Link to Vyatka

The house in Vyatka in which Saltykov-Shchedrin lived Vyatka captivity Abundance of impressions “Provincial Sketches” The author’s attention to “one of the distant corners of Russia” with the goal of “detecting evil, lies and vice,” but with faith in the future, in “full life.”

The principled position of the writer. Vice-Robespierre. Ryazan mid-19th century. Tver, late 19th century. 1860s civil service

A group of employees of the magazine “Otechestvennye zapiski”

The wife of the writer E. A. Boltin The house on Liteiny Prospekt, in which the writer lived until the end of his days.

Writer's daughter Writer's son

Humor – soft laughter, grin. Irony is hidden mockery. Satire is a merciless ridicule of human vices. Sarcasm is a caustic, cruel mockery. Hyperbole is a strong exaggeration of certain properties of what is depicted. Aesopian language - (named after the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop) speech, replete with allegories, omissions, hints, etc. to hide the direct meaning.

“The History of a City” The essence of the work is a satirical depiction of the relationship between the people and the authorities. The main idea is “city governors flog the townsfolk, and the townsfolk tremble.” The conventional narrator is an archivist chronicler of the provincial era of the late 18th - 19th centuries, who knows a lot about what happened later. Composition of the story. Historical monograph: Pre-notification, general outline of Foolov’s history, chapters and personalities

The novel “The Golovlevs” The idea of ​​Saltykov-Shchedrin: the destruction of society begins with the destruction of the family. The novel shows the degradation and death of the entire Golovlev family - Arina Petrovna “numbs in the apathy of power.”

History of creation The first three fairy tales (“The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”, “The Lost Conscience” and “The Wild Landowner”) were written by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin back in 1869. By 1886 their number had increased to thirty-two. Some plans (at least six fairy tales) remained unrealized.

Genre originality In terms of genre, the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin are similar to Russian folk tales. They are allegorical, they feature animal heroes, and traditional fairy tale techniques are used: beginnings, proverbs and sayings, constant epithets, triple repetitions. At the same time, Saltykov-Shchedrin significantly expands the range of fairy-tale characters, and also “individualizes them. In addition, morality plays an important role in the fairy tale by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin - in this it is close to the fable genre. The story of how one man fed two generals

Main themes The tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin are united not only by genre, but also by common themes. Theme of power (“Wild Landowner”, “Bear in the Voivodeship”, “Eagle Patron”, etc.) Theme of the intelligentsia (“The Wise Minnow”, “Selfless Hare”, etc.) Theme of the people (“The Tale of How One Man Two fed the generals”, “Fool”, etc.) Theme of universal human vices (“Christ’s Night”) Eagle-Patron

Problems The tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin reflect the “special pathological state” in which Russian society found itself in the 80s of the 19th century. However, they touch upon not only social problems (the relationship between the people and the ruling circles, the phenomenon of Russian liberalism, educational reform), but also universal ones (good and evil, freedom and duty, truth and lies, cowardice and heroism). The wise minnow

Artistic features The most important artistic features of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin's fairy tales are irony, hyperbole and grotesque. The device of antithesis and philosophical reasoning also play a large role in fairy tales (for example, the fairy tale “The Bear in the Voivodeship” begins with a preface: “Large and serious atrocities are often called brilliant and as such are recorded on the tablets of History. Small and comic atrocities are called shameful and not only They don’t mislead history, but they don’t receive praise from their contemporaries either.”

Irony is a subtle, hidden mockery (for example, in the fairy tale “The Wise Minnow”: “What sweetness is it for a pike to swallow a sick, dying minnow, and a wise one at that?”) Hyperbole is an exaggeration (for example, in the fairy tale “The Wild Landowner”: “Thinks what kind of cows he will breed, no skin, no meat, but all milk, all milk!”) Grotesque - comic, based on sharp contrasts and exaggerations (for example, in the fairy tale “The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”: ​​“A man he became so adept that he even began to cook soup in a handful”) Antithesis - opposition, opposition (many of them are built on the relationship between hero-antagonists: man - general, hare - wolf, crucian carp - pike)

Conclusion The main feature of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s fairy tales is that the folklore genre is used in them to create an “Aesopian” narrative about the life of Russian society in the 1880s. Hence their main themes (power, intelligentsia, people) and problematics (the relationship between the people and the ruling circles, the phenomenon of Russian liberalism, educational reform). Borrowing from Russian folk tales images (primarily animals) and techniques (beginnings, proverbs and sayings, constant epithets, triple repetitions), M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin develops the satirical content inherent in them. At the same time, irony, hyperbole, grotesque, as well as other artistic techniques serve the writer to expose not only social, but also universal human vices. That is why the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin have been popular among Russian readers for many decades.

Homework. Written analysis of a independently chosen fairy tale: Analysis plan 1. The main theme of the fairy tale (what is it about?). 2. The main idea of ​​the fairy tale (why?). 3. Features of the plot. How is the main idea of ​​the fairy tale revealed in the system of characters? Features of fairy tale images: a) images-symbols; b) the uniqueness of animals; c) closeness to folk tales. 4. Satirical techniques used by the author. 5. Features of the composition: inserted episodes, landscape, portrait, interior. 6. A combination of folklore, fantasy and reality.

“Fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin” - The fairy tale as a genre was not chosen by the writer by chance. N. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote the book of fairy tales with a break. How is the owner of the peasants depicted in the fairy tale “The Wild Landowner”. Creativity of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. “Tales” by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Elements of Russian folk tale. What do the fairy tales “The Tale of ...” and “The Wild Landowner” have in common? The landowner and the peasants take turns turning to God. Fairy tale "Wild Landowner". How is a problem solved in a fairy tale?

“Biography of Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin” - Writer. The writer's childhood. Memorial plaque. I love Russia to the point of heartache. The story of one city. Street. Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin. Last years of life. Mikhail Evgrafovich with his wife. Shchedrin's creativity. The composition of the journal's editorial staff. In the link. Opening of the monument to M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Olga Mikhailovna. The museum is open. The beginning of literary activity.

“Biography of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin” - Issues. Essay on life and creativity. Education. The writer's daughter. "The history of one city." Irony is a subtle, hidden mockery. The writer's mother Olga Mikhailovna. "Vyatka captivity." Idea of ​​Saltykov-Shchedrin. I love Russia to the point of heartache. The house on Liteiny Prospekt, in which the writer lived until the end of his days. A group of employees of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski. Abundance of impressions. Main themes. The house where the future writer was born.

“The life path of Saltykov-Shchedrin” - The story of one city. The writer's wife. Serf man. Mikhail Evgrafovich. Freethinking. Mr. Golovlev. A convinced socialist. Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin. The unimportance of books. Born into an old noble family. Young Saltykov. Literary activity. Moscow Noble Institute. Domestic notes. Shchedrin's creativity.

“Game based on the fairy tales of Saltykov-Shchedrin” - Hero of the fairy tale. Walking method. How much money did the generals receive upon returning to St. Petersburg? How the generals returned home. The main character of a fairy tale about a wild landowner. Generals. What solution did the generals come up with so as not to die of hunger? Man. How many people reproached the wild landowner for stupidity. How the generals found a man on the island. What is the name of the “Wild Landowner?” Wild landowner. Name the author of the fairy tales.

“The life and work of Saltykov-Shchedrin” - Traditions of Russian satirists. Administrator. Museum of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Book titles. Time for creative achievements. Journal "Domestic Notes". Shchedrin in the forest of reaction. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Successive connections. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Death of mother. Childhood. Belinsky. Why did Saltykov suddenly become Shchedrin? Stages of biography and creativity. Type of artistic imagery. Russian writer. Street.

Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin

Prepared

teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU secondary school No. 28 of the village of Taman

Kuschyak O.G.

Satirist, publicist, editor, literary critic. Portrait of I. Kramskoy. 1879.

Artist

N. Kramskoy (1879): “Thought and suffering froze forever in the eyes of a man whose weapon was laughter.”

1826-1889

Evgraf Vasilievich Saltykov

The father belonged to an old but poor noble family.

Capable, fairly educated, but impractical, weak-willed, uncollected, capricious.

Olga Mikhailovna Saltykova (Zabelina). The writer's mother.

• The daughter of a wealthy Moscow merchant.
• Smart, energetic, had a strong and authoritative character, perseverance, practical acumen, and a tough disposition.
• She managed to bring her family into the ranks of the richest landowners in the Tver province.

• Born on January 27, 1826 in the village of Spas-Ugol, Kalyazinsky district.
• “Childhood and young years witnessed the very height of serfdom. It penetrated not only into the relations between the local nobility and the forced masses, but also into all forms of social life, equally drawing all classes into the pool of humiliating lack of rights, all sorts of twists of slyness and fear of the prospect of being crushed every hour.”

• An atmosphere of fear, rudeness, and arbitrariness reigned in the family; children were divided into “favorites” and “hateful ones.”
• Nevertheless, the family took care that the children were raised “like a nobleman.” They received a good education at home: they were taught languages ​​- French and German, drawing, music, although home teachers and governesses were chosen more according to the principle: “in more numbers, at a cheaper price.” In the future, when choosing educational institutions, material costs, future career, noble pride, but not the personal inclinations and desires of the children themselves, mattered. This was the way of the house in which the writer spent his childhood

• Noble institutes were created as closed educational institutions for preparing young men for universities and other universities. Education at noble institutes was paid (800-1200 rubles per year) and lasted 6-7 years, depending on the initial level of education. The first grade accepted physically and morally healthy boys aged 10-12 years, who already knew how to read, write, count, draw and sing. The students were on full board.

Serious attention was paid to the education of aristocracy and good manners

• Noble institutions were created by transforming gymnasiums or noble boarding schools with money from the local nobility and under its control. For example, the Moscow Noble Institute was founded in 1833 on the basis of the 1st Moscow gymnasium. It should be borne in mind that the noble institutions were under the “direct supervision” of the trustees of the educational districts.

• In these educational institutions, young men received a classical secondary education. They studied in depth sacred and church history, logic, Russian grammar and literature, Latin, German and French, mathematics, geography and statistics, history, physics, natural history, penmanship, drawing and drawing. For a fee, students practiced fencing, horse riding and dancing. Graduates of noble institutes, if desired, were enrolled in universities without exams.

• Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (since 1843 - Alexander Lyceum) - higher education institution in pre-revolutionary Russia, operating in Tsarskoe Selo With 1811 By 1843 . In Russian history it is known, first of all, as a school that educated A. S. Pushkina and sung by them.

• After 12 years, for excellent achievements, they are transferred to the Alexander Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Saltykov’s nickname is “clever” (cleverness was not respected).
• A barracks spirit reigned in the gymnasium; it was impossible to write, so Mikhail hid his poems in the top of his boot. Poems appear in “Library for Reading”, “Contemporary”. Articles by V.G. Belinsky, Fourier, Hegel, Feuerbach, and acquaintance with Petrashevsky had a strong influence.

M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Photo from the 1850s

• 1844 - Enlisted in the military department.

• 1847 - publishes reviews of new books in the magazines Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski.

• 1948, March - the story “A Confused Affair” was published in Otechestvennye zapiski.

• The first prose works - the stories "Contradictions" (1847) and "A Confused Affair" (1848) - were published in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski. They are adjacent to the Gogol direction in literature, critically reproducing the surrounding reality.
• “Both of these things,” Shchedrin wrote in his autobiography, “aroused the attention of the then existing secret Committee, which, so to speak, revised the literature on the occasion of the February Revolution (February Revolution in France of 1848 - Auth.”). This served as the basis for dismissal from service and deportation of the aspiring writer to Vyatka for 8 years.

1848-1855 Service in Vyatka

• Vyatka of the first half of the 20th century.

• Exclusive photos of Sergei Lobovikov

Service in Vyatka

• Saltykov wrote to his brother: “... I believe that you can be useful everywhere if you have the desire and the strength allows... Make it an indispensable rule in life to behave like an honest person " Saltykov truly became one of the few honest officials. He was demanding and persistent, merciless to bribery, and quite independent. Stories about Saltykov’s incorruptibility and honesty were preserved for a long time in the Vyatka province. Later he was appointed to the position of adviser in the Vyatka provincial government, which made it possible to travel for long periods of time.

• The exile ended after the death of Nicholas 1 in 1855 thanks to the help of Lieutenant General P. P. Lansky, who came to Vyatka in connection with the formation of the militia, and his wife N. N. Pushkina-Lanskaya, who interceded for Saltykov before the sovereign. In January 1856, the writer returned to St. Petersburg.

Chronicle of life

• 1856-1857 The magazine “Russian Messenger” published “Provincial Sketches”, the main character of which was Nikolai Nikolaevich Shchedrin. The essays reflect Vyatka memories, and the pseudonym “Shchedrin” appears. The origins of the humility of the peasants, according to the writer, are in serfdom.

• In 1862 he resigned and moved to St. Petersburg.

1858 March – 1860 - as vice-governor of Ryazan, then Tver tries to protect the man.

1858 - appointed vice-governor of Ryazan

1860 - appointed vice-governor of Tver

Chronicle of life and creativity

• In 1857-1863. cycles appear: “Innocent Stories”, “Satires in Prose”. The essays of these years affirmed the features of Saltykov-Shchedrin’s style: allegorical narration; realistic fiction; hyperbola; cartoon and grotesque; sharpness of phrases, epithets, general names.
• 1864 - employee of Sovremennik, since November of the same year in Penza, chairman of the treasury chamber. On May 23, 1866, Sovremennik was closed.

• On June 14, 1868, he resigns; since September he has been a member of the editorial board of Otechestvennye Zapiski (editor-in-chief N.A. Nekrasov).

Saltykov-Shchedrin with a map of the city of Glupov. Artist A. Dolotov. 1869

• 1869-1870 - the appearance of “The History of a City”. During this period, Saltykov-Shchedrin developed methods of protection against censorship: “Aesopian language”; self-censorship; “accommodation” (adaptation of a work to the requirements of censorship); Trojan horse tactics.

• 1863-1874 – a series of essays “Pompadours and Pompadours” (“the inner world” of high-ranking bureaucrats).

M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Photo from the 1870s

• 1872. Son Konstantin was born.
• 1873. Daughter Elizabeth was born.
• 1876. Heads the "Notes of the Fatherland" due to illness
• N. A. Nekrasova.
• 1878. Approved by the editor of Otechestvennye zapiski.

Works:

• 1880 - “The Golovlevs” (the chronicle form made it possible to pose current social problems and solve them psychologically).
• 1886 – “Fairy Tales”.
• 1889 - “Poshekhon Antiquity”, beginning of work on “Forgotten Words” (only one page was written).

Shchedrin in the forest of reaction. Artists D. Bryzgalov, N. Orlov. 1883

“My insect collection is open to my friends.” Artist A. Lebedev. 1877

• 1870-1872 – the cycle “Gentlemen of Tashkent” (about the arrogant executors of reactionary orders).
• 70s - “Diary of a Provincial in St. Petersburg”, “Excursion to the Area of ​​Moderation and Accuracy”, “Misters of the Silent People”.
• October 1875, the magazine “Otechestvennye zapiski” publishes the series “Well-Intentioned Speeches”

M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin at his desk. Photo 1888

• 1889, March. The writer's health is deteriorating sharply.
• 1889, April 28 (May 10). Death of Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin.
• 1889, May 2 (May 14). Funeral at the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg next to the grave of I. S. Turgenev - according to the will of Saltykov-Shchedrin.

• Tyunkin K. I. Saltykov-Shchedrin. - M.: Mol. Guard, 1989. - 620 p. - (Life is remarkable. People).
• Pisarev, “Flowers of Innocent Humor (op. vol. IX); Dobrolyubova, op. vol. II.
• N. K. Mikhailovsky, “Critical experiments. II. Shchedrin" (M., 1890).
• K. Arsenyev, “Critical studies on Russian literature” (vol. I, St. Petersburg, 1888).

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