Chambers of the Romanov boyars. Royal life

Chambers of the Romanov boyars in Zaryadye, Moscow melanyja wrote in March 10th, 2010

A visit to the chambers of the Romanov boyars took place during a walk around Kitai-Gorod

The stone chambers were built in the mid-16th century in the courtyard of Nikita Romanovich Yuryev, who in the 1540s. married Varvara Dmitrievna Khovrina (d. 1555) and received an estate at this time.
Nikita Romanovich - brother of the first wife of Tsar Ivan IV Anastasia, member of the Boyar Duma (1562), participant in the Kazan Campaign and the Livonian War, was part of the zemstvo government, participated in international negotiations, concluding peace with Poland, according to the will of Ivan the Terrible, one of the guardians of Tsar Fedor Ioannovich, however, fell ill that same year (was paralyzed), died in 1586 at the age of approximately 58, having taken monastic vows with the name Nifont.
From his second marriage to Princess Evdokia Alexandrovna Gorbatova-Shuiskaya (from 1555, d. 1581) he had a son, Fyodor Romanov, the future Patriarch Filaret and the father of Tsar Mikhail Romanov.


After the accession of the Romanovs, their court was transferred to the Znamensky Monastery, founded by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1629. in 1857, the chambers were purchased by the treasury and a museum was organized in them. The restoration project for the chambers was prepared by architect F.F. Richter took the Terem Palace in the Kremlin as a model. in 1858, Emperor Alexander II attended a prayer service on the occasion of the founding of the museum. Some elements of ancient decoration were found, but the main interior design was made by masters of the 19th century - Moscow masters of merchants Butenin and Chelnokov, Stepanov, Solovyov, Birklund. Leather wallpaper from the 17th century was donated especially for the museum by Baron Smolin. Other individuals and collectors also contributed gifts. Interior items were purchased from monasteries, the personal belongings of the kings were allocated by the Armory Chamber.

The Museum of Boyar Life and the Romanov Dynasty was opened in 1859, the first caretaker was M. Kholin. Special celebrations took place in 1913 in honor of the 300th anniversary of the dynasty.
Since 1918, the museum has been under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat for Education; since 1923, the museum has reopened as the house of a 17th-century boyar. Personal belongings of the Romanovs were removed from the museum, the exhibition was reduced, the decoration was redone, but new items from private collections appeared. since 1926, thematic exhibitions (anti-religious, or “serf-boyar”) were organized on the top floor; in the 1930s. the exhibition was further reduced because “an emotional display of the culture of life of the ruling class can be harmful,” at the same time, the museum’s work was aimed at attracting foreign tourists.
During the war, the building was used by third parties; restoration was carried out only in 1951.
In connection with the construction of the Russia Hotel, the chambers were planned to be moved, but fortunately, this did not happen. In 1984-91. Scientific restoration was carried out taking into account the work of F.F. Richter, which has already been recognized as the first experience of scientific restoration in Russia. During the latest work (led by A. Veksler and A. Uspenskaya), many details of the 16th-17th centuries were restored, and valuable exhibits, including books, were transferred from the funds of the Historical Museum. At the same time, some premises were lost.

The exhibition begins with a model of the chambers and some information about the museum

Basement with 16th century masonry

"White Basement", where the belongings of the owners of the chambers were stored

we go up to the middle floor

"Cross Chamber" - living room, the interior was recreated in the 19th century, but partially the decoration and objects are from the 17th century

cabinet of the late 17th century and a portrait of boyar T.N. Streshnev, a relative of the Romanovs

library, books published in the 17th century

stove tiles

boyar's office

copy of the Council Code of 1649

tiles

"eldest sons" room

also small exhibitions of household items in the hallways

On the top floor there is a room for the mistress of the house, combined with a nursery.

Svetelka - girls' room

Handicrafts and samples of medieval fabrics

Loom

In the 19th century, the museum also had a bedchamber, chapel, and kitchen. Now these interiors are gone, the kitchen is preserved in the museum annex (in the medieval Russian city the kitchen was separate from the living quarters).

museum yard

in the courtyard of a 17th-century tombstone from the time of the Znamensky Monastery.

Sources:
G.K. Shutskaya. E.A. Tregubova. Old house on Varvarka. Moscow, State Historical Museum, 2007
Biography of Nikita Yuryev

From time immemorial, the palaces of Russian autocrats were distinguished by their luxury and splendor of decoration, and the abundance of gold in the interior design.
The Great Kremlin Palace of the architect Konstantin Andreevich Ton, built in 1849 as the Moscow residence of Emperor Nicholas I, worthily continued this tradition. The ancient palace chambers included in its composition - Faceted from the 15th century, Golden Tsaritsyna from the 16th century, Terema from the 17th century - with their figurative structure seemed to predetermine the appeal to gold in the architectural and decorative solutions of the new palace.

Faceted Chamber. red porchFaceted Chamber.Faceted Chamber.

The Faceted Chamber (1487-1491) was formerly called the Great Golden Chamber, since the wall paintings covering the walls and vaults were made on a golden background. Sunny yellow gold leaf glows on the carved white stone portals of the chamber and the Holy Entrance, adjacent to it. The Faceted Chamber - the throne room of Russian sovereigns - was intended for official and ceremonial ceremonies. The ceremonial reception hall of the Russian queens also shone with gold. It is no coincidence that from the end of the 16th century. the name of the Golden Queen's Chamber was established behind it.

The decoration of the “very wonderful chambers” - the Terem Palace, built for Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov is luxurious. The craftsmen used almost all known materials, graphic motifs and, of course, gold.

The golden lattice on the Verkhospasskaya platform, the Golden porch on the front stone courtyard, the golden “grass” patterns and heraldic coat of arms on the walls of the royal office in the towers, the gold of carved wooden iconostases in the tower churches and the radiant shine of 11 golden domes with beautiful openwork crosses.

Ancient royal palaces always represented a complex of various multifaceted buildings. Following tradition, K. Thon created a new architectural ensemble as well as a group of buildings - compact and convenient. The key link in connecting the surviving old chambers with the new palace was the Vladimir Hall, erected on the site of the open Boyarsky platform.

The Grand Kremlin Palace fully lives up to its name. It has about 700 different rooms. The length of the main, southern facade, facing the Moscow River, is 125 m, the height of the building is 40 m. On the second floor of the palace there are the main ceremonial halls, dedicated to the most important order awards of Russia and given their names in their honor - Andreevsky, Alexandrovsky, Georgievsky, Vladimirsky, Ekaterininsky. The decor of each room uses images of the order’s sign, its star with its motto, and takes into account the colors of the order’s ribbons.
St. Andrew's Hall is the main throne room of the palace. Before the eyes of those entering, it appeared dazzlingly luxurious, replete with sophisticated stucco molding and gold, in the shimmer of polished white artificial marble, in the azure backgrounds (blue is the color of the order ribbon), in the solemn elegance of the decor of coats of arms and order emblems. The fate of the hall is dramatic. In 1932-1934. it, together with the neighboring Alexander Hall, dedicated to the Order of Alexander Nevsky, was completely rebuilt and transformed into a single meeting room of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. As a result, the halls lost their architectural and decorative decoration.

In 1999, the St. Andrew's and Alexander Halls were recreated according to drawings, measurements, sketches and watercolors of the 19th century. and regained their original appearance. Now you can fully follow the description of these magnificent halls from the book by Sergei Petrovich Bartenev “The Grand Kremlin Palace. Index to its review” 1911: “The Alexander Hall with pink marble walls, all sparkling with gold, was built in honor of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky ... In the golden bas-reliefs of the dome and arches there are signs of the order; in the corners of the dome and above the doors there are state eagles with the imperial crown. Between the twisted gilded columns there are the coats of arms of the provinces and regions of Russia. On the sides of the doors and between the windows there are gilded fittings consisting of ancient weapons of the Slavs... the shimmer of gilding in the ornaments and everywhere create “an almost barbaric abundance of brilliance.”

The antechamber of the Grand Kremlin Palace, to which the main staircase leads, precedes the entrance to the largest hall, “Georgievsky.” It is dedicated to the highest military award of pre-revolutionary Russia, the Order of St. George, established by Catherine II in 1769. The architectural appearance and decorative design of the hall reflect the idea of ​​​​glorifying military heroism and feat. The enormous dimensions (17.5x61x20.5 m), the noble whiteness of the walls and vault, and the gold of the lamps create an atmosphere of solemn grandeur. The memorial character of the hall is emphasized by the repeated repetition of images of the St. George Cross and a star with the motto “For Service and Bravery”, the names of distinguished military units and the names of St. George cavaliers carved in gold.

The unique originality of the front hall is given by marble sculptures placed above the twisted columns along the long walls. These statues allegorically depict the lands and kingdoms that became part of Russia from the 15th to the 19th centuries. They were created by the famous Russian sculptor Ivan Petrovich Vitali.
The abundance of molded, carved and sculptural decorations, the wealth of gilded bronze in amazing chandeliers and large mantel clocks, the multicolored precious inlaid parquet flooring, made according to the design of academician Fyodor Grigorievich Solntsev from more than 20 rare types of wood, enhance the impression of solemnity and grandeur.
Next to Georgievsky there is a relatively small Vladimirsky Hall. Square (16x16 m), with cut corners, it is covered with a 16-sided dome, densely decorated with gilded ornamental stucco, floral patterns, and order insignia (a cross and a star with the motto “Benefit. Honor. Glory”). The dome of the Vladimir Hall is also interesting as an example of a successful design solution. To lighten the weight and improve acoustic properties, it is made of hollow ceramic pots. This technique was known to Russian architects back in the 12th century.

The Catherine Hall of the palace is named after the Order of St. Catherine, established by Peter I in 1714. The only women's order in the statute of Russian awards was in the form of a cross with an oval gold medallion and an enamel image of St. Catherine. The walls of the hall are covered with light silver moire and decorated with large decorative medallions of the order. The rich carved ornament of the richly gilded doors also includes order insignia. The Catherine Hall was the throne room of the empresses. Behind it are the rooms of the Front half of the palace.

The formal living room is a luxuriously furnished room with a high vaulted ceiling painted with floral designs. The walls are covered with green and gold patterned brocade. Upholstered gilded furniture is covered with the same brocade. A porcelain flower bed floor lamp (for 66 arms) with vases for fresh flowers and two candelabra in Japanese and Chinese styles play an important role in the decoration of the living room. They were made at the famous Imperial Porcelain Factory in St. Petersburg. The undoubted attraction of the Main Living Room are the tall mirrored doors made of rosewood, skillfully inlaid with bronze, tortoiseshell, and mother-of-pearl.

The front half is closed by the front bedroom. It is designed as a classic palace bedroom with the obligatory alcove, highlighted by two monolithic columns of gray-green marble with gilded Corinthian capitals. The walls of the room are divided by pilasters, trimmed with the same marble. The simple-shaped fireplace is lined with jasper of a deep dark green color with a rare smoky blue tint. Like all palace fireplaces, it is decorated with elegant gilded bronze candelabra and a clock.

Terem Palace. Tsar's reception room

WARD

WARD

WARD

1. only many. Palace, magnificent building, original, ancient, stone (obsolete). “Everyone on that island is rich, there are no pictures, there are chambers everywhere.” Pushkin . Boyar chambers. “Magnificently constructed chambers where they indulge in feasts and extravagance...” Griboyedov . “The labors of the righteous do not make stone chambers.” Proverb .

2. A large room, luxuriously decorated or intended for some purpose. special purposes (obsolete). Armouries. Faceted Chamber. “Tsar Saltan sits in the chamber on a throne and a crown.” Pushkin .

3. The room where patients lie in medical institutions.

4. The name of the highest legislative institutions, of which the Supreme Soviet of the USSR consists (new). “The Supreme Soviet of the USSR consists of two chambers: the Council of the Union and the Council of Nationalities.” Constitution of the USSR . “Both chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR: the Council of the Union and the Council of Nationalities have equal rights.” Constitution of the USSR .

5. The name of representative institutions in a number of bourgeois countries (political). Lower Chamber(assembly of representatives, which is the first legislative authority in these countries; parliament). Upper house(estate-representative assembly, the highest legislative authority in relation to the lower house). The lower and upper houses in bourgeois countries are not equal. Chamber of Deputies(lower house of France). House of Commons(lower house of England). House of Lords(upper house of England).

6. The name of certain government institutions (official and historical). Chamber of Weights and Measures. Book Chamber(an institution maintaining a bibliography of printed materials). Chamber of Commerce. Excavation chamber(see official). Trial Chamber(an institution that was the highest court for district courts; pre-revolutionary).

Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935-1940.

See what "CHAMBER" is in other dictionaries:

Palata is an old Russian word for a house or palace. Comes from Latin, related to the Ukrainian palace, French palace or palais, English palace. During the time of the Russian Tsardom, the word chamber became... ... Wikipedia

- (from Latin palatium palace). 1) magnificent building. 2) the name of some government places in Russia. 3) in France and England: part of parliament. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. CHAMBER 1)… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

And the wife's pay. or more chambers, palace, magnificent residential building of the sovereign, nobles, esp. stone. | tver., vyat. stone house, and wooden mansions. | The ward, the building, was moved to our public place, esp. judicial, like the hut of old: ... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

See house, parliament, court, palace of the chamber, mind's chamber... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian Dictionaries, 1999. chamber house, parliament, court, palace; lagting, landsting, svetelka, psychiatric ward, peace,... ... Synonym dictionary

In constitutional law, the name of representative bodies of state power or their individual components. See also Bicameral system, Unicameral system. In other branches of law, as well as in international law, P. can also... ... Legal Dictionary

Genre Drama ... Wikipedia

Ward- (from Lat. palatium palace; English chamber) 1) in constitutional law, a structural part of parliament or other highest representative (legislative) body of state power: P. Federal Assembly of the Parliament of the Russian Federation ... Encyclopedia of Law

In law, 1) the name of representative bodies or their components. 2) The name of some state or public organizations and institutions (for example, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Book Chamber). 3) In the Russian Empire, the judicial chamber ... ...

CHAMBER, s, female 1. A large, rich building, premises (outdated). Stone chambers. 2. A separate room in a hospital, medical inpatient facility. Someone's mind (colloquial) is very smart. | adj. ward, oh, oh. P. doctor. II. CHAMBER, s, female 1. Name... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

1) in medieval Russian architecture, a hall, usually pillarless or with one pillar supporting the vaults (Faceted Chamber). 2) A palace institution, located, as a rule, in similar halls (Armory Chamber) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

The Chambers of the Romanov Boyars is a museum in Zaryadye, in the very center of Moscow, which is a branch of. It is the only one where the patriarchal life of the aristocracy of the pre-Petrine era has been preserved. Here, in an old boyar estate, according to legend, Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, the founder of a new royal dynasty in Rus', was born in 1596.

The chambers themselves are an architectural monument of the 15th century, which in the 19th century, by order of Tsar Alexander II, became one of the first museums in the capital. The architecture of the building is unusual - it is three-story, and each subsequent floor is smaller than the previous one. The museum collections contain household items of those years and ancient weapons. The building consists of several rooms: a vestibule, a chamber for meals, a boyar's business room, and a room for girls. In the underground part of the chambers there is another museum - an archaeological one, where there is an archaic pottery workshop typical of Moscow in the 15th century.

The Museum of the “Chambers of the Romanov Boyars” refutes the usual ideas about such institutions. Once a week there is a theatrical performance that completely breaks the stereotypes about small museums.

The chambers of the Romanov boyars are dedicated to everyday life. When hearing this word, many people immediately associate it with something ordinary and boring. But the whole “salt” is that the life here is shown not modern, but of the 17th century. Oddly enough, the main values ​​of human life have not changed at all since then - and now, as then, for the absolute and overwhelming number of people, the most important thing was not gold and silver, but the well-being of the family, as they used to say in those days, harmony at home.

It is these family values, in the ancient manner, that the museum “Chambers of the Romanov Boyars” is dedicated to. A prosperous family needs a home, and a good owner needs a faithful wife. Everyone should have their own occupation, the husband should serve the Emperor and the Fatherland, and the wife’s task should be to maintain order in the house. Visitors to the exhibition will see how this was performed in those ancient times. At the same time, they will be told available historical details that will shed light on well-established, but no longer entirely understandable, figures of speech for modern people, such as “working carelessly,” the cry for help “Guard!”, the expression “walk as a trump card” and the meaning of the name “Zaryadye” "

Then the most exciting action begins. Guests are invited to the main room - the chambers, where they meet the housekeeper, trying to appease the brownie. She allows visitors to enter the house. First they are taken to the basement, which in the old days served as a giant refrigerator. Here guests are cordially treated to homemade liqueur. Giving guests water is very unusual and not typical for museums. But here the exception to the rule is the house of a noble boyar, and in houses in Rus', poor and rich, it has always been customary to treat guests to the best.

Then visitors go to the most guarded room of the house, where the boyar treasury lay. The word “treasury” then meant not only banknotes and jewelry, but also military ammunition, expensive clothing, furs, dishes - everything that in pre-Petrine times was called the word “junk.” A handsome young boyar runs into the room, preparing for a military campaign and grieving that he did not have time to woo the sweet hawthorn. All scenes show the usual friendly dialogues of those years; they are conducted taking into account historical facts, which, thanks to such presentation, are easily remembered and assimilated by the audience. The decoration of the chambers consists of genuine antique objects, which also has a positive effect on perception and memory.

Then everyone goes up the ornate staircase to the women's part of the house. There, young beauties, fashionistas and talkers passionately discuss their outfits. They find out what looks more beautiful, satin or brocade, and advise each other how to make their eyebrows blacker, their lips redder, and their cheeks rosy. In the room, the youngsters take up handicrafts, simultaneously marveling at overseas wonders: a terrible monster with two tails (an elephant) and a drink that smells like hayloft (tea).

Precisely recreated interiors of pre-Petrine times make the “Chamber of the Romanov Boyars” museum unique. There is no other one like it anywhere in the world; it is one of the best museums on the planet - this was recognized in 1998 at the European International Forum.

ROYAL CHAMBERS

In Rus', rich royal and boyar mansions were called chambers, and this name stuck for a long time and was firmly established in the 16th century. not only behind the royal chambers, but also behind the royal production workshops.

In the Terem Royal Palace the names remained forever: the Faceted Chamber and the Golden Chamber, and the small royal chamber rooms were often, judging by the chronicle materials, called the sovereign's chambers.

These unique ancient Russian buildings miraculously survived centuries and have survived to this day, that is, until the 3rd millennium.

During the time of Ivan IV, receptions of foreign ambassadors took place in the Faceted Chamber.

Under Ivan the Terrible, a special ambassadorial ceremony was established, which, with minor changes, existed in Russia until the end of the 17th century. The English envoy Chancellor wrote the following about this ceremony: “... the king sat on an elevated throne in a golden diadem and the richest porphyry, burning with gold. In his right hand he held a golden scepter studded with precious stones. The king was surrounded by nobles in the richest clothes... Such a blaze of splendor could blind anyone.”

The ambassador of the German Emperor Hans Cobenzel, who visited Moscow in 1576, gives a vivid description of the luxurious clothes of the Russian Tsar: “... he was wearing a royal robe and a diadem... which cannot be compared with the crowns of kings... Spanish and French or the Grand Duke of Tuscany... and even the crown of Caesar himself and the crown of the Hungarian and Bohemian cannot compare with it ... "

Next to the Faceted Chamber, another ancient palace chamber has been preserved.

It was first mentioned in documents at the end of the 16th century. and is called the Golden Chamber of Tsarina Irina, the wife of Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich. It is not as majestic and spacious as the Chamber of Facets: its area is smaller and the ceilings are lower.

The Golden Tsarina's Chamber at the end of the 16th century. was decorated with magnificent subject painting. The first description of the interior of the chamber was given by Bishop Arseny in 1589. Colored images in gold on the walls shone wonderfully, countless precious stones in icon frames flashed with thousands of colored sparks, and a huge Persian carpet woven in silk and gold shimmered under the feet of the guests. On the window sills, in the niches of the walls on the shelves, countless figured vessels were cast in silver.

Closely adjacent to the Golden Chamber is the Residential Chamber - a passage vestibule. In the old days, the chamber served as the premises of the palace guard of the younger rank of nobles, the so-called tenants, and therefore received the name Zhilitskaya.

An ancient stone portal and carved window casing from the 17th century. exit to the Vladimir Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace.

Outside the Grand Palace, the Patriarchal Chambers still stand to this day.

In 1589, in connection with the establishment of the patriarchate in Rus', the courtyard of the metropolitan with its chambers became the courtyard of the patriarch, in which only the gate church in the name of the Three Saints of Moscow was erected.

In 1643, Patriarch Joseph significantly renovated the Patriarchal Court, where a whole building with chambers was rebuilt: Golden, Krestovaya (now Mirovarnaya), cell and state chambers. But already in 1655, Patriarch Nikon built the Patriarchal Chambers. The house has an original design regarding the number of floors: in some parts it has four floors, in others three or even two. The Patriarchal Synodal Library, founded when the metropolis was transferred to Moscow, i.e. in the 14th century, was also located here. The library collected many ancient books and manuscripts in Greek and Slavic languages. *

Outside the palace there is also an Armory Chamber.

The Great Treasury - as the Armory Chamber was called in the old days - has for a long time kept many treasures that belonged to Russian princes and tsars. The court of the kings was famous for its wealth, both inherited and acquired through the conquest of various regions. And although many objects and valuables disappeared during fires and enemy invasions, the treasury increased due to the receipt of gifts from foreign sovereigns.

Precious items could no longer be placed in the Great Treasury, and they were stored in the Bronny and Konyushenny orders and in the Reserve Palace.

Under Peter I, the management of the Armory Chamber was subordinated to the Senate. Under Alexander I, in 1806, a special building was erected for this chamber by the architect Egotov, but it was without ovens, where the most valuable exhibits could not be properly preserved. In 1849, Emperor Nicholas I ordered the construction of a new building. The building of the Armory Chamber was built by the architect Beauvais in a very short time, and already in 1851 the chamber became a state museum - a repository.

This is a one-of-a-kind museum, rich in rare objects not only of ancient Russian, but also of Western and Eastern art. For centuries, the museum kept the royal regalia with which all Russian tsars and emperors were crowned for three centuries.

Since the Middle Ages, the name “Chamber” has been firmly attached not only to the royal chambers, but also to the royal production workshops.

There were the Golden and Silver Chambers, where skilled craftsmen made the rarest items for royal use.

One of the Kremlin workshops was called the Bed Chamber, and it was located in the women's half of the Terem Palace under the queen's mansion.

She was in charge of storing and manufacturing royal bed decorations and clothes for members of the royal family: fur coats, caftans, zipuns, hats, boots, etc.

In addition, about 100 skilled craftswomen, goldsmiths and seamstresses worked in Tsarina’s workshop and chambers.

They wove luxurious lace, embroidered royal clothes with gold and silver, as well as pearl trim.

So, from the end of the 14th century. The Armory Chamber becomes the treasury of Moscow princes and queens. It was mentioned in the spiritual letters of Ivan Kalita, Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan III, Ivan the Terrible and many other kings...

The building of the Ambassadorial Chamber was built from stone structures in the Kremlin outside the palace in 1565, but the Ambassadorial Chamber was rebuilt several times in the 17th century. was moved to Varvarka Street - this is the only ancient building of the “Ministry” of Foreign Affairs that has survived to this day.

In the old days there was a Sytnoy Dvor in the Kremlin, which was located in the basement of the Terem Palace. The chambers that were part of it had very figurative names: Klyushnaya, Kazennaya, Vodochnaya, Svechnaya, Voskoboynaya, Medvennaya, Sytnaya, where they “lowered the beating”, poured molasses on apples, salted and soaked vegetables and fruits, prepared jams and pickles...

There were huge deep “drinking” cellars, camp cellars, with “March beers”. Above the Sytnaya Chamber, as we have already said, Tsarina’s workshops were located. Below the workshops were the chambers of the royal family. In one of the back rooms on the same floor in the 17th century. The king's personal bathhouse, a soapbox, was set up. Water was supplied to the soap box by a water-lifting machine installed in the Kremlin tower closest to the Moscow River, which has since long been called Vodovzvodnaya.

Thus, by the beginning of the 17th century. The Kremlin was significantly built up with royal and state chambers.

Among them we must also include a considerable number of stone boyar and saintly chambers, which were built continuously during the 16th century. and especially intensely towards the end of it, introducing more and more new motives into construction practice.

It is interesting to note that all the royal chambers were located on basements and connected to each other through open passages - terraces with open staircases at each, overlooking Cathedral Square.

The Tsar had the opportunity, bypassing Cathedral Square, to go from the Terem Palace to the Church of the Deposition of the Robe and to the courtyard of the Patriarch; there was also a passage from the palace to the Annunciation Cathedral.

All these royal chambers constituted a single magnificent architectural ensemble of Ancient Rus'.