Presentation - Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. Presentation for class hour “Day of Slavic Literature and Culture Template for the Day of Slavic Literature

1 slide

2 slide

3 slide

4 slide

About the holiday The great work of creating the Slavic alphabet was accomplished by the brothers Cyril and Methodius. In memory of the great feat of the brothers, on May 24, the Day of Slavic Literature is celebrated all over the world. It is celebrated especially solemnly in Bulgaria. There is a festive procession with the Slavic alphabet and icons of the holy brothers. Since 1987, a holiday of Slavic writing and culture has been held in our country on this day. The Russian people pay tribute to the memory and gratitude of the “teachers of the Slavic countries.”

5 slide

Do you know how Russian writing originated? If you don't know, we can tell you. But first answer this question: how does the alphabet differ from the alphabet? The word “alphabet” comes from the names of the first two letters of the Slavic alphabet: A (az) and B (buki): ABC: AZ + BUKI and the word “alphabet” comes from the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet: ALPHABET: ALPHA + VITA The alphabet is much older ABCs. In the 9th century there was no alphabet, and the Slavs did not have their own letters. And therefore there was no writing. The Slavs could not write books or even letters to each other in their language. SLAVIC ALPHABET AND GREEK ALPHABET

6 slide

How and where did our alphabet come from, and why is it called Cyrillic? In the 9th century in Byzantium, in the city of Thessaloniki (now the city of Thessaloniki in Greece), two brothers lived - Constantine and Methodius. They were wise and very educated people and knew the Slavic language well. The Greek king Michael sent these brothers to the Slavs in response to the request of the Slavic prince Rostislav. (Rostislav asked to send teachers who could tell the Slavs about the holy Christian books, book words unknown to them and their meaning). And so the brothers Constantine and Methodius came to the Slavs to create the Slavic alphabet, which later became known as the Cyrillic alphabet. (In honor of Constantine, who, having become a monk, received the name Cyril).

7 slide

How did they create the alphabet? Cyril and Methodius took the Greek alphabet and adapted it to the sounds of the Slavic language. So our alphabet is a “daughter” of the Greek alphabet. Many of our letters are taken from Greek, which is why they look similar to them. Slavic Aa Vv Gg Dd E Kk Ll Mm Greek Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm This system of 38 letters, which were supposed to reflect the subtlest nuances of the Slavic languages, came to be called the Glagolitic alphabet.

8 slide

At the end of the 9th and beginning of the 10th centuries, followers of the Slavic enlighteners created a new Slavic alphabet based on Greek; to convey the phonetic features of the Slavic language, it was supplemented with letters borrowed from the Glagolitic alphabet. The letters of the new alphabet required less effort when writing and had clearer outlines. This alphabet, widespread among the eastern and southern Slavs, was later called the Cyrillic alphabet in honor of Cyril (Constantine), the creator of the first Slavic alphabet.

Days of Slavic Literature and Culture Days of Slavic Literature and Culture, state and public organizations, together with the Russian Orthodox Church, began to be held since 1991 in accordance with the Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR Days of Slavic Literature

The celebration does not have a once and for all approved script. Typical events of the Days in Russia were scientific symposia or conferences dedicated to the problems of culture, civilization, the Slavic world, as well as concerts, meetings with writers and poets in parks, gardens, libraries, houses of culture and thematic screenings of feature films, exhibitions, competitions and festivals. The celebration does not have a once and for all approved script. Typical events of the Days in Russia were scientific symposia or conferences dedicated to the problems of culture, civilization, the Slavic world, as well as concerts, meetings with writers and poets in parks, gardens, libraries, houses of culture and thematic screenings of feature films, exhibitions, competitions and festivals.

History ν ρχ ν Λόγος, κα Λόγος ν πρ ς τ ν Θεόν, κα Θε ς ν Λόγος. ν ρχ ν Λόγος, κα Λόγος ν πρ ς τ ν Θεόν, κα Θε ς ν Λόγος. In the beginning there was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God... The tombs, mummies and bones are silent, - Only the word is given life: From ancient darkness, in the world graveyard, Only Writings sound. And we have no other property! Know how to protect, at least to the best of your ability, in days of anger and suffering, Our immortal gift - speech. I.A. Bunin)

At first glance, it may seem that the history of the development of writing among the Slavs has a very distant connection with the history of the Slavs. In reality this is not the case. On the contrary, one can correctly approach the understanding of the history of the Slavs only by finding out the main stages of their writing. In fact: to write real history, it is necessary to use not only historical chronicles, letters, various documents, but also individual, even fragmentary records on stones, metal objects, clay vessels, etc. The very discovery of an object with a Slavic inscription often proves that that the Slavs lived in the place where it was discovered, or, at the very least, that the inhabitants of this area were in communication with the Slavs.

The Origin of Slavic Writing When we try to imagine the beginning of Russian literature, our thought necessarily turns to the history of writing. The importance of writing in the history of the development of civilization can hardly be overestimated. The possibilities of writing are not limited by time or distance. But people did not always master the art of writing. This art has been developing for a long time, over many millennia.

Types of writing First, picture writing (pictography) appeared: some event was depicted in the form of a drawing, then they began to depict not the event, but individual objects, and then in the form of conventional signs (ideography, hieroglyphs), and, finally, they learned to depict not objects , and convey their names using signs (sound writing). The Greeks created their alphabet based on the Phoenician letter, but significantly improved it by introducing special signs for vowel sounds. The Greek letter formed the basis of the Latin alphabet, and in the 9th century the Slavic letter was created by using letters of the Greek alphabet.

In the history of the development of Slavic writing, we can distinguish three stages and three different groups. These three groups are as follows: 1) runes, or “runitsa”, 2) “glagolitic” and 3) “Cyrillic” and “Latin”, based on Greek or Latin letters. Before baptism in Rus', the so-called Velesovitsa was used, which had one hundred and forty-seven letters! This name was given already in the 20th century, after the name of the god Veles. It was with this ancient Russian alphabet that the famous “Veles Book” was written. Veles' book is a unique monument of ancient Slavic writing of the 9th century. n. e. It was carved on wooden tablets by Slavic magicians. Covers the two-thousand-year history of migrations of the Slavic-Aryans from Semirechye to the Dnieper (XI century BC - 9th century AD), reflects their religious and philosophical worldview, as well as relationships with many other peoples of Europe and Asia. Veles's book was translated into Russian for the first time in rhythmic prose - line by line with ancient text, which is accompanied by the necessary explanations and comments

BIRCH BARK LITERATURES - letters and documents of the 11th-15th centuries. on birch bark, discovered by excavations of ancient Russian cities. The first birch bark documents were found in Novgorod in 1951 by an archaeological expedition led by A. V. Artsikhovsky. The letters were scratched with a sharp bone or metal stick (also found during excavations) on specially prepared birch bark. The Novgorod name for the birch bark document is birch bark. Most of the birch bark letters are private letters, which touch on everyday and economic issues, contain instructions, describe conflicts, and some letters are humorous.

The ABC The great work of creating the Slavic alphabet was accomplished by the brothers Constantine (who took the name Cyril at baptism) and Methodius. The main merit in this matter belongs to Kirill. Methodius was his faithful assistant. Compiling the Slavic alphabet, Kirill was able to catch the basic sounds of this language in the sound of the Slavic language he knew from childhood and find letter designations for each of them. When reading Old Church Slavonic, we pronounce the words as they are written. The Slavic book language (Old Church Slavonic) became widespread as a common language for many Slavic peoples. It was used by the Southern Slavs (Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats), Western Slavs (Czechs, Slovaks), Eastern Slavs (Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians).

Cyril and Methodius Slavic educators, creators of the Slavic alphabet, preachers of Christianity, the first translators of liturgical books from Greek into Slavic. Cyril (about) and his older brother Methodius (about) were born in Thessalonica in the family of a military leader. Cyril was educated at the court of the Byzantine Emperor Michael III in Constantinople. Kirill knew Slavic, Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic well. Refusing the admiral career offered to him by the emperor, Kirill became the patriarch's librarian, then taught philosophy.

Methodius entered military service early. For 10 years he was the manager of one of the regions inhabited by the Slavs. Then he retired to a monastery. In the 60s, having renounced the rank of archbishop, he became abbot of the Polychron monastery on the Asian shore of the Sea of Marmara. Before leaving for Moravia, Cyril created the Slavic alphabet and, with the help of Methodius, translated several liturgical books from Greek into Slavic (selected readings from the Gospel, apostolic messages, psalms, etc.) In 866 (or 867), Cyril and Methodius, at the call of Pope Nicholas I, went to Rome. Pope Adrian II, in a special message, allowed them to distribute Slavic books and Slavic worship. After arriving in Rome, Kirill became seriously ill and died. Methodius was consecrated to the rank of Archbishop of Moravia and Pannonia.

With their activities, Cyril and Methodius laid the foundation for Slavic writing and literature. This activity was continued in the South Slavic countries by the disciples of Cyril and Methodius, expelled from Moravia in 866. Since 1991, our country has officially celebrated the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture on May 24 as the day of Saints Methodius and Cyril (Constantine). The creators of the Slavic alphabet were canonized by the Orthodox Church and were revered in Rus' as great civic men, depicted in monuments and historical memorials. Revival of the holiday of Slavic literature and culture

World traditions of the holiday In accordance with the Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR dated January 30, 1991 on the annual holding of Days of Slavic Literature and Culture, since 1991, state and public organizations, together with the Russian Orthodox Church, began to hold Days of Slavic Literature and Culture. During the celebration in the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin, in all churches of Russia there is a divine liturgy, religious processions, in Moscow at the monument to Saints Cyril and Methodius - a prayer service, children's pilgrimage missions to the monasteries of Russia, scientific and practical conferences, exhibitions of icons, graphics.

Glory to you, brothers, enlighteners of the Slavs, holy fathers of the Slavic Church, Glory to you, teachers of the truth of Christ, Glory to you, creators of our letters! Be a link of unity for the Slavs, Holy Brothers Methodius, Cyril, May the spirit of reconciliation overshadow it with your prayer before the Lord of hosts! Glory to you, brothers, enlighteners of the Slavs, holy fathers of the Slavic Church, Glory to you, teachers of the truth of Christ, Glory to you, creators of our letters!

Glagolitic Glagolitic existed at least 200 years before Cyril. One thing is certain: the Glagolitic alphabet is centuries older than the Cyrillic alphabet. That is why on ancient parchments (palimpsests) the Cyrillic alphabet always overlaps the Glagolitic alphabet. One thing is certain: the Glagolitic alphabet is centuries older than the Cyrillic alphabet. That is why on ancient parchments (palimpsests) the Cyrillic alphabet always overlaps the Glagolitic alphabet. According to the overwhelming majority of researchers, the Glagolitic alphabet is older than the Cyrillic alphabet. The Glagolitic alphabet apparently originated on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula, where it still exists in a dying form.

The characters of the Greek statutory alphabet served as a model for writing Cyrillic letters. The first books in Cyrillic were also written in the charter. Ustav is a letter where the letters are written straight at the same distance from each other, without slanting - they seem to be “arranged”. The letters are strictly geometric, vertical lines are usually thicker than horizontal ones, and there is no space between words. Old Russian manuscripts of the 9th - 14th centuries were written in the charter. From the middle of the 14th century, semi-ustav became widespread, which was less beautiful than the charter but allowed you to write faster. A slant has appeared in the letters, their geometry is not so noticeable; the ratio of thick and thin lines is no longer maintained; the text has already been divided into words.

Az beeches vede. The verb is good. Live well, earth, and, like people, think about our peace. Rtsy’s word is firm - uk fret dick. Tsy, worm, shta ra yus yati! The combination of the above phrases makes up the ABC Message: I know the letters: Writing is a property. Work hard, earthlings, as reasonable people should - comprehend the universe! Carry the word with conviction - Knowledge is a gift of God! Dare, delve deeply in order to comprehend the Light of Being!

Books of Ancient Rus' Books of Ancient Rus' The ancestors skillfully decorated books with stones, gilding and enamel. And like precious crowns, the ancient Gospels shone. In the monasteries, the novices-scribes diligently, with a skillful hand, diligently wrote line after line. The letters of the Slavic patterned ligature are entwined with floral ornaments. And the silhouettes of forest animals and birds curled like flowers, herbs and stems.

The Tale of Bygone Years Chronicles are historical works in which events are presented on a yearly basis, i.e. about events that occurred within one year and begin with the words “In the summer of such and such...” (“summer” in Old Russian means “year”). Old Russian chronicle created in the 1110s. The earliest copy of the Tale of Bygone Years that has reached our time dates back to the 14th century. It was called the Laurentian Chronicle after the copyist, the monk Laurentius, and was compiled into the Tale of Bygone Years - the first chronicle, the text of which has reached us almost in its original form. The title The Tale of Bygone Years is translated as The Tale of Past Years. The main events are wars, the founding of churches and monasteries, the death of princes and metropolitans - the heads of the Russian Church. The chronicler does not interpret events, does not look for their causes, but simply describes them.

Ostromir Gospel The Ostromir Gospel is the oldest ancient Russian handwritten book. It was rewritten by order of the eminent Novgorod mayor Ostromir and decorated with a binding with precious stones. Work on the manuscript began on October 21, 1056 and was completed on May 12, 1057. FROM THE FIRST SELECTION OF SVYATOSLAV 1073 FROM THE FIRST SELECTION OF SVYATOSLAV 1073 Manuscript

Of great interest is the “Apostle,” published in Lvov in 1574 by the printing house of Ivan Fedorov, whose name is associated with book printing in Ukraine. Among the scientific publications of the 16th century, the “Slovenian Lexicon and Interpretation of Names”, created by the famous student, poet, engraver, and typographer Pamva Bernida, was of great importance. A significant event in cultural life was the publication of Innocent Gisel’s “Synopsis” (1674), a collection of stories of Russian history from ancient times to the 70s of the 17th century. This book has been reprinted more than 30 times and has been a teaching tool for more than 100 years.

In Russia, a complete copy of the handwritten (in Slavic) Bible was collected for the first time in 1499 by Novgorod Archbishop Gennady, but it was almost unknown to anyone. Before that, that is, from the 10th century. until the 15th century, only separate books of the Old Slavic Bible were in use, translated from Latin in 884. THE BIBLE or THE HOLY BOOKS OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT Russian translation executed by THE HOLY GOVERNING SYNODOM WITH 230 drawings by GUSTAV DORE

Language and writing are perhaps the most important culture-forming factors. If a people is deprived of the right or opportunity to speak their native language, this will be the most severe blow to their native culture. If books in their native language are taken away from a person, he will lose the most important treasures of his culture. Language and writing are perhaps the most important culture-forming factors. If a people is deprived of the right or opportunity to speak their native language, this will be the most severe blow to their native culture. If books in their native language are taken away from a person, he will lose the most important treasures of his culture. Language, our magnificent language, Whether it is river or steppe expanse, In it are the screeches of an eagle and the eternal roar, The chanting, and the ringing, and the incense of pilgrimage. It contains the cooing of a dove in the spring, The flight of a lark towards the sun - higher, higher, Birch grove. Through light, Heavenly rain, awakened by Konstantin Balmont (1925) Konstantin Balmont (1925)

Block width px

Copy this code and paste it onto your website

Slide captions:

Slavic writing

and culture

REMEMBRANCE DAY of the first teachers of the Slavic peoples - the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Brothers KIRILL

HISTORY OF THE HOLIDAY

The general holiday of Saints Cyril and Methodius was celebrated by the Bulgarian church in the following centuries, and during the era of the Bulgarian Renaissance it turned into a holiday of the alphabet created by them.

In 1863, the Russian Holy Synod determined, in connection with the celebration of the millennium of the Moravian mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius, to establish an annual celebration in honor of Saints Methodius and Cyril on May 11.

In 1985 in the USSR, when the 1100th anniversary of the repose of Methodius was celebrated.

On January 30, 1991, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR adopted a resolution on the annual holding

"Days of Slavic culture and writing."

Every year some new Russian settlement became the capital of the holiday (except for 1989 and 1990, when the capitals were Kyiv and Minsk, respectively)

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRILL AND MEFODIUS

KIRILL (born in 827, before becoming a monk - Constantine)

MEFODIUS (born in 815, worldly name unknown)

were born into the family of a Byzantine military leader from

Thessaloniki (Greece)

The enlightener of the Slavs, Saint MEFODIUS, was born around 815 in Thessaloniki (Thessaloniki), one of the largest and richest cities of Byzantium. Around 833, METHODIUS began military service and served it in the capital, in full view of Emperor Theophilus. At the age of 20, he was appointed archon (voivode) in Slavinia, a small Slavic principality then under Greek rule. MEFODIUS performed this position for ten years and had the opportunity to study the Slavic language and Slavic customs well.

SAINT METHODIUS

SAINT CYRILL

Saint CYRILL was born in Macedonia, in the city of Thessaloniki, and from an early age he was distinguished by his mental abilities. While studying at the Thessaloniki school and not yet reaching the age of fifteen, he had already read the books of the most profound of the Fathers of the Church - Gregory the Theologian (IV century)

The young man early accepted the rank of presbyter.

Upon returning to Constantinople, he served as librarian of the cathedral church and teacher of philosophy. Saint CYRILL successfully debated with heretics, iconoclasts and Mohammedans.

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRILL AND MEFODIUS

In the early 860s. one of the most powerful Slavic sovereigns - the Moravian prince ROSTISLAV asked the Byzantine emperor MICHAEL III send him Christian teachers. Looking for people for the Moravian mission, the emperor and patriarch immediately remembered CONSTANTINE and METHODIA. When the brothers were asked to go as teachers to Moravia, they agreed and immediately began work on the Slavic alphabet. Soon, an alphabet of 38 letters, based on the Greek cursive script, was compiled.

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRILL AND MEFODIUS

With the help of brother MEFODIUS, KIRILL in 6 months compiled the Slavic alphabet (the so-called Glagolitic alphabet) and translated books into Slavic, without which the Divine service could not be performed:

Gospel Aprakos,
Apostle,
Psalter and selected services

“...I will go with joy if they have letters for their language... Learning without the alphabet and without books is like writing a conversation on water”

Saint Cyril

ABOUT THE LIFE OF CYRILL AND MEFODIUS

“If any of your teachers boldly begins to seduce you by reproaching the books in your tongue, let him be excommunicated until he corrects himself. Such people are wolves, not sheep..."

Andrian II

Papa Adrian II received the Greek missionaries with great solemnity and without any hesitation supported all their endeavors. In 868 Pope Andrian II consecrated the liturgical books translated by the brothers, blessing the holding of the liturgy in the Slavic language

KIRILL dies in Rome

“You and I, brother, pulled one furrow, like a husband of oxen, and now, I fall on the ridge, ending my life. I know you love your native Olympus very much. See, don’t leave our service even for his sake...”

“I was not silent out of fear and was always awake on guard.”

After the death of his brother MEFODIUS

continues

evangelical preaching among the Slavs

Thanks to the activities of Saint METHODIA, both the Czechs and the Poles entered into a military alliance with Moravia, opposing the influence of the Germans.

MEFODIUS predicted the day of his death and died

In the Russian Orthodox Church, the memory of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles enlighteners of the Slavs has been honored since the 11th century

The memory of each of St. brothers are celebrated on the days of their death:

Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles CYRILL -

Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles METHODIUS -

General church memory is celebrated

CYRILL and MEFODIUS

canonized

THE TALE OF CYRILL AND METHODIA

Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm Aa Vv Gg Dd Eer Kk Ll Mm

THE ORIGINS OF RUSSIAN WRITING

greek letters:

Slavic letters:

ALPHABET: ALPHA + VITA

ABC: AZ + BUKI

Slavic alphabet: CYRILLIC and GLAGOLITIC

GLAGOLITIC

CYRILLIC

KIRILL and MEFODIUS “transferred” the sounds of the Slavic language onto parchment using that GLAGOLITIC.

Letter styles are not preserved

RUSSIAN ALPHABET

Church Slavonic ALPHABET

In 893, the CYRILLIC alphabet appeared,

which eventually replaced the Glagolitic alphabet

in all Slavic countries

CYRILLIC LETTER

The characters of the Greek statutory alphabet served as a model for writing Cyrillic letters.

UTAV is a letter where the letters are written straight at the same distance from each other, without tilting - they seem to be “arranged”

The oldest book in Rus', written in Cyrillic, is the Ostromir Gospel - 1057

From the middle of the 14th century, semi-ustav became widespread, which was less beautiful than the charter but allowed you to write faster.

A slant has appeared in the letters, their geometry is not so noticeable; the ratio of thick and thin lines is no longer maintained; the text has already been divided into words

HALF CHARTER

In the 15th century, the half-rut gave way to SHORT WRITTEN

Manuscripts written in “quick custom” are distinguished by the coherent writing of adjacent letters and the sweep of the letter. In cursive writing, each letter had many different spellings.

As speed develops, signs of individual handwriting appear

CURSIVE

"Geometry Slavonic Land Measurement" - the first book typed in civil font

During the time of Peter the Great, changes were made to the designs of some letters, and 11 letters were excluded from the alphabet.

The new alphabet became poorer in content, but simpler and more suitable for printing various civil business papers.

This is how it got the name “civilian”

“Under Peter the Great,” M. Lomonosov jokingly wrote, “not only the boyars and boyars, but also the letters threw off their wide fur coats (he meant the old Slavic font) and dressed up in summer clothes.” By summer clothes the scientist meant a new civil alphabet.

fixed a letter in the alphabet E, which was used in practice,
removed doublet letters, i.e. where there were two letters to denote one sound, he left one: from “zelo” and “earth”, denoting the sound [z], he left the sign Z “earth”,
from o “on” and “ot” (“omega”) the sign O “on” remained,
from the letters “fita” and F “fert”, “fert” remained to indicate [f]

PETER'S REFORM

In 1708, the letters “xi” and “psi” were eliminated, which had a phonetic meaning [ks] and [ps], respectively, and were very rarely used in words of Greek origin (enia - Xenia, alom - psalm),
the letter “Izhitsa”, which meant [and] in some borrowed words, also disappeared;
however, in 1710, “Izhitsa” returned to its place - the last letter of the old alphabet - and lived until 1918.

In 1918, a new alphabet reform was carried out, and the Cyrillic alphabet lost four more letters:

yat, i(i), izhitsa, fitu

And about me, the linguist said: “It’s not a letter that’s a parasite! It does not mean sound, And slackers are not for science! And after a series of strict measures, Kommersant (er) disappeared from the language. Now I am in a different capacity, The work is a small amount. I’m really not loaded with it, But I’m glad that occasionally, yes it’s needed, I’m only familiar with E, E, I, Yu, With the prefix - I stand behind it. And you can’t do it without me! Now my name is Kommersant (hard sign)!

IRKUTSK REGIONAL STATE UNIVERSAL SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY

NAMED AFTER I. I. MOLCHANOV-SIBIRSKY

SINCE 1861 IN THE SERVICE OF READERS OF ANGARA READERS

TRAVEL IN THE WORLD OF BOOKS

Presentation made by a primary school teacher

Bannikova Ekaterina Petrovna

MKOU "Lermontovskaya Secondary School"

Kuytunsky district,

Irkutsk region

http://www.orthphoto.net/photo/200811/35912.jpg- the Saints
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/my_documents/my_pictures/2010/nov/5A5_saints_Cyril_and_Methodius.jpg- saints 2
http://st.depositphotos.com/1003390/1206/v/450/dep_12069829-Birch-bark.jpg- presentation background
http://alerie.piranho.de/pergament.gif- birch bark letter
http://smartwebsite.ru/publ/znamenitye_proroki_i_verouchiteli/svjatoj_mefodij/36-1-0-3570- website of the material used
http://images-mediawiki-sites.thefullwiki.org/10/3/1/4/21810744247286083.jpg- Andrian 2
http://pro-serafim.ru/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/information_items_3496.jpg- Aprokos
http://www.kmrz.ru/catimg/35/357393.jpg- Psalter
- Saint Cyril
http://avivudiya.com/n/56450- images of Saints Cyril and Methodius
http://ancient-civilizations.rf/Slavs/Xrabr2.jpg- Cyrillic letter
http://ancient-civilizations.rf/Slavs/halfustav.gif- semi-charter
http://xn----8sbebhgbsfcbaca4bza2c4gh.xn--p1ai/Slavs/Cyrillic-character.html- website “History of Russian fonts”
http://ancient-civilizations.rf/Slavs/scoropis.gif- cursive alphabet
http://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6313/32728872.e1/0_84ca8_b84a4864_XL- Methodius
http://iconexpo.ru/pics/1_764.jpg- Kirill
http://gic7.mycdn.me/getImage?photoId=547405950456&photoType=24– Kirill the second
http://www.vsehpozdravil.ru/res/files/postcards/6036.jpg-Saints Cyril and Methodius
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GUNirTjlk50/TqVoR_BmXaI/AAAAAAAAAf0/ffueGIjdnXw/s1600/ba39d0be6251.jpg- Ostromir Gospel
http://files.softicons.com/download/toolbar-icons/vista-arrow-icons-by-icons-land/png/256x256/Rotate360AntiClockwise2Red.png- return arrow
http://freevectordownloadz.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Letter-I-In-A-Red-Circle-Clip-Art.jpg- information indicator
http://www.stihi.ru/pics/2010/12/18/7794.gif- jump button
http://data12.proshkolu.ru/content/media/pic/std/5000000/4421000/4420655-e40d4dc862998a9d.jpg- day of Slavic writing
http://s5.hostingkartinok.com/uploads/images/2013/06/257658555b117af98b635d39ad8d6c12.jpeg- Slavic alphabet
http://img.bibo.kz/?6290183.jpg– alphabet since 1918
http://subscribe.ru/group/slavyano-arijskaya-kultura/5639345/- Initial letter
http://cs9874.vkontakte.ru/u1159889/-5/y_ac2843a8.jpg- Peter the First
http://www.irklib.ru/- Irkutsk Library

RESOURCES USED.

Day of Slavic Literature and Culture.

Target:

Reveal the meaning of the holiday “Day of Slavic Literature and Culture”

Tasks:

1. Instill in children a love of their native word, the Russian language, and national history.

2.Introduce students to the origins of the creation of the Slavic alphabet.

3. To foster respect for the creators of the Cyrillic alphabet and national pride in the language.

THE NUMBERS OF THE PRESENTATION SLIDE ARE INDICATED IN RED IN BRACKETS. SWITCH SLIDES BY CLICKING.

Materials for the holiday

“Day of Slavic Literature and Culture”(1)

Children reading a poem

Across wide Rus' to our mother

The bell ringing (2) is heard.

Now the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius

They are glorified for their efforts.

Remember Cyril and Methodius, (3)

Glorious Brothers Equal to the Apostles

In Belarus, Macedonia,

In Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

All nations that write in Cyrillic (4)

What have been called Slavic since ancient times,

They glorify the feat of the first teachers,

Christian enlighteners.

1st child reader

(5) Brown-haired and gray-eyed

Everyone is bright in face and glorious in heart

Drevlyans, Rusichi, glades

Tell me, who are you?

All in unison

We are Slavs!

2nd child reader

(6) Your article is all pretty

Everyone is different and different

Now you are called Russians;

Since ancient times, who are you?

All in unison

We are Slavs!

3rd child reader

(7) We love our free songs,

Flowers, white birch trees,

We are called Lyuba, Olya, Ani,

Seryozha, Kolya.

All in unison

We are Slavs!

Presenter ( with a scroll in his hands):

(8) Oh, you are our glorious guests, dear dear children! I will tell you about Holy Rus', about distant times unknown to you.

Once upon a time there lived good fellows, beautiful red maidens. And they had kind mothers and wise, strict priests. They knew how to plow and mow, and cut down mansions; They also knew how to weave canvases and embroider them with patterns.

But our ancestors did not know how to read and write, they did not know how to read books or write letters. And two enlighteners appeared in the Slavic countries - the wise brothers, Cyril and Methodius. (9) And they came up with letters, and from them they made up the alphabet.

Children talk about Cyril and Methodius and the history of the creation of the Slavic alphabet.

1st child

In Greece, in the city of Thessaloniki, two brothers lived. Their father was a military leader, he was Greek by nationality, and their mother was Slavic. Among the Greeks was their own alphabet and books, but the Slavs did not.

My younger brother, Kirill, dreamed: “When I grow up, I’ll come up with letters for the Slavs.”

He was the best student in school and, when he grew up, he did not forget his dream.

2nd child

Kirill, learned many languages. They gave him the nickname “Philosopher.” (10) But from fame and wealth he went to a monastery and became a monk. There, in silence, together with brother Methodius, they compiled the alphabet.

1st and 2nd child together

(11) The brothers worked hard to create the Slavic alphabet!

1st child

The brothers tried to make the letters of the alphabet beautiful so that it would not be difficult for the hand to write them. The words of many wise books were then written with these letters. As the creator of Slavic writing, Saint Cyril is usually depicted with a scroll of the alphabet in his hands.(12)

Leading

(13) Look at the scroll with the letters of the Slavic alphabet. These letters are so beautiful!

Each letter in the Slavic alphabet is special. The letters reflect the spirit of the people: wisdom, strength and beauty. A deep meaning is already inherent in the name of each Slavic letter. Now we will find out.

Children come out with letter caps on their heads.

Letter "Az"

(14) Hello! I am the letter Az. I'm starting with the ABCs.

Based on the name of the first letter of the alphabet, the beginnings of literacy (and the beginnings of any business) were called “azas”. In the old days they said: “Wisdom begins with knowing the basics.”

Letter "Buki"

(15) And my name is the letter Buki. People say: “First, knowledge and science, then science.”

Letter "Lead"

(16) My name is the letter Vedi. I know everything, I know everything.

Leading

Do you know, letter Vedi, that our speech is like a garden? Beautiful flowers grow in this garden: are these smart, kind words? Let our children say some kind words now?

Children (say kind words)

« Mom”, “dad”, “sun”, “forgive”, “thank you”, “Motherland”, “light”, “book”, “rainbow”...

Leading

Let's think about the meaning of some words. For example, what do the words mean: (17)

"Hello"?

– Wishing you health and good health.

"Thank you"?

- “God bless you.”

"Thank you"?

– Give all the benefits.

"Mercy"?

– Sweet, kind heart.

Leading

Will anything change in the world if people speak kind, holy words more often?

Children (give answers)

– People will smile more and be happy.

– The world will become kinder.

– People will become kinder and cleaner...

Leading

You were able to name kind words and even explain the meaning of some words. How important it is that in our lives we try not only to speak, but also to do what these words call us to do - try to live simply and with love.

Now guess the riddles.

There are 33 heroes on the ABC book page.

Every literate person knows the sages-heroes.(18)

(Letters)

The Russian alphabet can be called the younger sister of the Slavic alphabet.

Not a tree, but leaves,

Not a shirt, but a sewn one.

(Book)(19)

1st Child Narrator

(20) Books came to Rus' with the adoption of Christianity in the 10th century.

In Kievan Rus, schools immediately arose where they taught reading, writing and “the art of books.”

2nd child narrator

(21) It took a long time to learn the alphabet. The teacher pronounced the name of each letter, and all the children loudly repeated after him in chorus. There was even a proverb: « They teach the alphabet, they shout at the whole hut.”

3rd child narrator

There was no paper then. They learned to write on birch bark - birch bark. With a sharp bone or metal rod, letters were scratched on birch bark. For this it was necessary to make an effort. There is a saying in Rus' that writing is not an easy matter:

“It seems: writing is an easy task; but they write with two fingers, but the whole body hurts.”

4th child narrator

(22) A little later, when paper appeared, students wrote in schools with quill quills, which they dipped in ink.

That's how wonderful it is at the beginning

Our diploma was there!

This is the pen they used to write with

From a goose wing!

This knife is for a reason

It was called "pocket".

They sharpened their pen,

If it wasn't spicy.

Will anyone today be able to guess the riddle that was invented in the ancient Russian school:

“Five oxen plow with one plow”? (23)

Leading

When a student in an old school already knew the letters, he began to learn to read from books.

Books in Rus' were treated with care, respect and accuracy.

Child reader

(25) It was difficult to read and write

To our ancestors in the old days,

And the girls were supposed to

Don't learn anything.

Only boys were trained.

Deacon with a pointer in his hand

I read books to them in a sing-song manner

In Slavic language.

So from the chronicles of old

Muscovite children knew

About Lithuanians, about Tatars

And about your homeland.

Leading

Do you want to hear how beautiful the Slavic language sounded?

The presenter or one of the adults reads a fragment of the text in Slavic.

Leading

The Slavic language became the basis of the Russian language. But the Slavic language itself still lives today. Hymns are sung in Slavic and services are performed in Orthodox churches.

Sometimes they say that the Slavic language is outdated and has become incomprehensible to modern people. But this is not entirely true, you just need to listen to its sound!..

The words in the Slavic language sound majestically and solemnly.

1st child narrator

(26) And I heard what they said about books in the old days: “I read from blackboard to blackboard” . Like this?

2nd child narrator

Since ancient times in Rus', in order to preserve a book, its cover was made from boards. The boards were covered with leather; When closing the book, the cover was fastened with metal fasteners. Such a book could serve for a long time. And to read such a book “from board to board” means to read from beginning to end, from the first wooden flap of the cover to the second.

3rd child narrator

(27) In the old Russian school there was a tradition - when a student completed some part of his education: learned letters, read his first book, but brought a pot of porridge to the teacher in gratitude for the science.

After lessons, all the students ate this porridge with the teacher.

1st child narrator

Since then, “classmates” began to be called those who studied together, which means they ate the same porridge at the end of their studies.

Children give the teacher a pot of porridge cooked by their parents with words of gratitude for the teaching.

Leading

Look, a few more initial letters of the Slavic alphabet have come to us.

Letter "Verb"

(28) Hello! I am the letter Verb.

To verb means “to speak”, “to say”. There is a saying: “Once you say your word, you won’t take it back.”

Leading

This means that in order to speak, you must first think. Now our guys will think and tell us proverbs about literacy and learning.(29)

Children

First az and beeches, then science.

Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.

Alphabet - the wisdom of the step.

What is written with a pen cannot be cut out with an axe.

(30) - He who wants to know a lot needs to sleep less.

The bird is red with its feather, and the man with his mind.

Learning to read and write is always useful.

Live and learn.

Leading

The letter “verb” teaches us to be wise, to own our word.

Letter "Good"

(31) Good afternoon! My name is the letter Good. The Russian people have also written many proverbs about goodness.

Children

(32) - If you spend an hour in goodness, will you forget all your grief?

Sow goodness, sprinkle goodness, reap goodness, bestow goodness.

If there is no good in him, there is little truth in him.

Goodness is not dashing - it walks quietly in the world.

Leading

(33) And here are some more Slavic letters, they have their own special names: “Is”, “Life”, “Earth”...

If you name the first letters of the Slavic alphabet one by one, you will get words with meaning:

Children

Az Letters I Know Verb

Good Is the Life of the Earth

Leading

(34) And here are some more letters: “People” and “Rtsy”.

Letter "Rtsy"

Hello, I'm Letter "Rtsy". No wonder I am proud of myself, because I am the beginning of the word “Rus”

Rus' is rich in talents,

Rus' is strong in talents.

If the boys sing,

So she will live.

Children sing a song about the Motherland.

Leading

Thank you, letters, for teaching us wisdom, beauty and kindness. (35) Thanks to the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius for giving us the Slavic alphabet.

In the modern Russian alphabet there are 33 letters, and from the ancient scroll of the Slavic alphabet 44 sister letters look at us.

Child reader

(36) So let us glorify these letters!

Let them come to the children.

And let him be famous

Our Slavic alphabet!

"Day of Slavic Literature and Culture" - these are congratulations, gifts, postcards, pictures, poems and celebration scripts.

The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is celebrated in Russia on May 24. The celebration of this day is dedicated to the day of remembrance of the first teachers of the Slavic peoples - the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius. On this day, festivals and concerts are held in all cities of the country. Every year some city in Russia becomes the host of the holiday. The following cities have already played this role: Samara, Murmansk, Novgorod, Kostroma, Vladimir, Smolensk, Yaroslavl, Belgorod, Orel, Moscow, Pskov, Ryazan, Kaluga, Novosibirsk, Voronezh.

Download:

Preview:

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Presentation prepared by: teacher of Russian language and literature Kuadzhe Asya Shumafovna

Cyril and Methodius with their students. Fresco of the monastery “St. Naum”, now in the Republic of Macedonia Disciples of Cyril and Methodius Constantine of Preslav, Gorazd of Ohrid, Kliment of Ohrid, Savva of Ohrid, Naum of Ohrid, Angelarius of Ohrid, Lavrentiy

Day of Slavic Literature and Culture May 24 Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. The holiday was established by Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated January 30, 1991 N 568-I “On the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture.” Every year on May 24, all Slavic countries solemnly glorify Saints Cyril and Methodius, the creators of Slavic writing. On May 24, the Church commemorates the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius. The brothers were Orthodox monks; they created the Slavic alphabet in a Greek monastery. Slavic writing was created in the 9th century, around 862. The new alphabet was called “Cyrillic” after the Byzantine Constantine, who, having become a monk, became Cyril. And his elder brother Methodius helped him in the godly task of educating the Slavic peoples.

The characters of the Greek statutory alphabet served as a model for writing Cyrillic letters. The first books in Cyrillic were also written in the charter. Ustava is a letter where the letters are written straight at the same distance from each other, without tilting - they seem to be “arranged”. The letters are strictly geometric, vertical lines are usually thicker than horizontal ones, and there is no space between words. Old Russian manuscripts of the 9th - 14th centuries were written

From the middle of the 14th century, semi-ustav became widespread, which was less beautiful than the charter but allowed you to write faster. A slant has appeared in the letters, their geometry is not so noticeable; the ratio of thick and thin lines is no longer maintained; the text has already been divided into words.

In the 15th century, semi-ustav gave way to cursive writing. Manuscripts written in “quick custom” are distinguished by the coherent writing of adjacent letters and the sweep of the letter. In cursive writing, each letter had many different spellings. As speed develops, signs of individual handwriting appear.

The oldest book in Rus' written in Cyrillic is the Ostromir Gospel - 1057. This Gospel is kept in St. Petersburg, in the library of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Poem about Cyril and Methodius We glorify our holy Rus'! According to the great names of the Orthodox, dear to our thoughts and hearts, How did you get through anxiety, through illiteracy, hostility? Methodius and Constantine enlightened you by word of mouth! Rus' was praised by people from Thessalonica, revered as native, writing in writing, Sophia's ancestors reigned on Earth, and from May to May we glorify your names everywhere. We have sculpted a monument in your honor already in Moscow And immortalized your faces on canvas! Cyril and Methodius are two united brothers who have walked their valiant path, Who have found spiritual strength and Orthodox shelter in the Slavs! (Krivoborodenko Vladimir, Orel)

Veneration They are revered as saints in both the East and the West. In Russian Orthodoxy, the days of remembrance of saints: Cyril - February 14 (February 27, new style), Methodius - April 6 (days of repose). The holiday in honor of Cyril and Methodius is a public holiday in Russia (since 1991), Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Republic of Macedonia. In Russia, Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia the holiday is celebrated on May 24; in Russia and Bulgaria it is called the Day of Slavic Culture and Literature, in Macedonia - the Day of Saints Cyril and Methodius. In the Czech Republic and Slovakia the holiday is celebrated on July 5th.

Samara Sevastopol (opened 2008)

The celebration does not have a once and for all approved script. Typical events over the 20 years of the Days in Russia have become scientific symposiums or conferences devoted to the problems of culture, civilization, the Slavic world, as well as concerts, meetings with writers and poets in parks, gardens, libraries, houses of culture and thematic screenings of feature films, and exhibitions, competitions and festivals. Days of Slavic literature and culture also include divine liturgies, religious processions, and children's pilgrimage missions to Russian monasteries.

wordgame.64g.ru › meta/meta1s.htm ru.wikipedia.org › wiki / Cyril _ and _ Methodius images.yandex.ru › the alphabet of Cyril and Methodius Sources

Preview:

Lesson - conversation “Where did Slavic writing come from”

(To the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture)

GBOU "Adyghe Republican Gymnasium"

The development was prepared by:

Teacher of Russian language and literature

Kuadzhe Asya Shumafovna

Target : to intensify students’ interest in Slavic writing; create conditions for demonstrating knowledge and skills in the field of Slavic writing.

Lesson type : a lesson in consolidating previously learned material.

Type of lesson: lesson - conversation.

During the classes .

Introductory part.

I love my native language.

It is clear to everyone

He is melodious.

He, like the Russian people, has many faces,

As our power, mighty.

If you want, write songs, hymns,

If you want, you can express the pain of your soul.

Like earthly flesh, tenacious.

Learn your native language!

It has epic magic

And a triumph of human hopes.

He is also a living spring in books.

Comprehend it like life.

A. Yashin

With this poem we open a lesson dedicated to day Slavic writing and culture.
Today we will once again be convinced that “we have been given possession of the richest, most accurate, powerful and truly magical Russian language” (K.G. Paustovsky)

Our lesson will take place in a creative workshop - “History of Language”.

Dear experts and lovers of the Russian language!
We will take you on a fascinating journey through the pages of Slavic writing and talk about the history of the language. (Slide 1)

The teacher's word (On May 24, in all countries where the Slavs live, the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is celebrated - in the appendix).
Historical reference.

ABOUT Slavic writing -student's message (attached to slides 5,6,7).
Saints Cyril and Methodius -message (attached to slide 2)
New alphabet received the name " Cyrillic "by the monastic name of Constantine - message (in the appendix).
The alphabet and alphabet of Cyril and Methodius (Cyrillic) - in the appendix (Slide 4)

About the holiday of Slavic writing(in the application).

Days of Slavic literature and culture also include divine liturgies, religious processions, and children's pilgrimage missions to Russian monasteries.

(Slides 11 – 14).

Final word.

The greatest value of a people is their language, in which they write, speak, and think. After all, this means that a person’s entire conscious life passes through his native language. The Russian language is one of the most perfect languages in the world, a language that has developed over more than a millennium, giving rise to the world's best literature and poetry in the 19th century.

Krivoborodenko Vladimir wrote poem about Cyril and Methodius ( Attached) Slide 10.

Material used. wordgame.64g.ru›meta/meta1s.htm, ru.wikipedia.org›wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius, images yandex.ru›the alphabet of Cyril and Methodius (Slide 15).