Functions of the director in the theater. Theater ethics

Today's teenagers dream of fame and recognition; they want to work in the film industry and create their own large-scale video projects. Many people, including girls, no longer dream of being actresses. They believe that there are many more opportunities in the director's field. Before choosing a department at a cultural institute or theater school, you need to get a clear idea of ​​who the director is.

Freedom of expression

Most often, independent young people who think creatively, love and know how to express themselves, and are not afraid to experiment, enter the directing department. It’s so tempting to be the ideological inspirer of a theatrical production, play, performance, short or full-length film. Many find themselves filming commercials and video clips. Who is the director?

Great responsibility

Essentially, this is the artistic director of a theatrical production or television project. He is responsible for organizing the process from beginning to end. It would be useful for young schoolchildren to learn that in addition to broad powers, the director is responsible for the success of the event. If young people love to express themselves and have a lot of creative ideas, this alone may not be enough for success in the professional field. Organizational and leadership skills are also required here. This is why there are so many unclaimed directors and failed projects.

Project concept, concept development, dramaturgy

Work on a project begins with defining the concept and design. People with script writing skills often combine the work of director and screenwriter. However, for the best results, outside help is needed. That is why, once the concept is determined, the search for a good playwright begins. It’s easier for people who have been working in the field of theater or cinema for several years: they have developed a sufficient number of connections. Young directors are distinguished by their creativity and informal approach. They often resort to the help of their classmates at the theater institute.

Art group

What does a director do after he has decided on a concept and selected a screenwriter who meets his requirements to collaborate with? Recruitment for the production team begins. For example, if this is a theatrical production, in addition to the approved actors, the presence of a costume designer, choreographer, assistants and their assistants, light and sound specialists, and make-up artists is required.

If the production requires it, then the masters responsible for the stunts will be involved in the work. For a grandiose play, one director is not enough, so the artistic director hires an assistant. Then the entire assembled group begins rehearsal activities, after which performances follow. So, we found out who a theater director is. Now let's talk about film and television projects.

Film and television

To some extent, theatrical productions seem easier to perform. Today's youth are increasingly attracted to profitable film projects. However, in order to realize your plan, you need to find producers, because these days few people shoot with an amateur camera using non-professional actors. In addition to creating a concept, the film director must think through the shooting scenes in detail and calculate the estimate. And only then, based on the available finances, the selection of a film crew begins.

Unknown but ambitious actors are invited to low-budget projects. If the project has influential sponsors and producers, the director can offer work to well-known, well-established performers. Having a big acting name in the project is almost a win-win step. Despite the fact that the sought-after artist will have to pay a high fee for his work, audience interest compensates for the costs with box office receipts. It is clear from everything that a film director is a fairly responsible profession that requires risk. It is known that not every project pays off at the box office.

Required qualities and skills

The work of a production director seems tempting, however, it requires maximum dedication from a professional. Sometimes filming lasts 18 hours a day. Therefore, the director on set must be able to do not only his own job. While requiring actors to execute a scene accurately, he must also possess a considerable amount of performance skill. In essence, this person is the link and holds in his hands the threads of process control. He must understand the intricacies of light, know winning angles, and partly be a costume designer.

This person is directly involved in the selection of decorations. He does not deprive himself of stunt tricks, visual and technical effects, and sound recording. If necessary, the chief director can intervene and correct certain movements. As you can see, this profession requires you to be a jack of all trades and understand all the intricacies of cinema. That is why only a few achieve wide recognition.

Group work

Staging work takes a lot of energy. What does a director do if crew members refuse to follow certain instructions? This work requires both the skills of an educational psychologist and an experienced leader. In order to interact with people, the project manager must have a strong will and the ability to defend his own point of view. The director can be compared to a puppeteer, holding all the threads of controlling the process in his hands. However, this activity is much more difficult and unpredictable, because instead of dolls, the director has people, each of whom has a bright personality.

Conclusion

The article will be useful to future applicants to theater educational institutions and their parents. You learned who the director is, what his powers and scope of activity are. Undoubtedly, the advantages of the profession include creative prospects, working with unique and interesting personalities, as well as recognition in case of success. There are also a lot of disadvantages: directing takes up almost all of your free time, you can’t discount protracted creative crises and lack of money if the project fails. One way or another, this profession is one of the most difficult. When making a decision, this must be taken into account.

Theater director

Theater director- a person whose duties include staging a play. The director takes responsibility for the aesthetic side of the performance and its organization, the selection of performers, the interpretation of the text and the use of stage tools at his disposal. The appearance of the term dates back to the first half of the 19th century, when the systematic practice of directing a performance arose.

History of the profession

Current status

Patrice Pavy, in The Dictionary of the Theatre, notes that the evaluation of a director's work mostly comes down to questions of taste and ideology, rather than aesthetics. Therefore, it is worth stating that the director simply exists (which is especially noticeable in the case when he is not up to the task). Moreover, the stage's need for a director is periodically challenged by other participants in theatrical creativity. The actor demands freedom from too tyrannical instructions; the stage designer wants to involve both actors and audience into his play device without an intermediary; the theater “team” refuses to recognize the differences in the troupe, takes care of the performance itself and offers collective creativity; finally, the entrepreneur, the producer, demands a connection between art and commercialization.

Notes

see also

• Directing art

Links

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

• Stage director
• Director Viktyuk

See what “Theater Director” is in other dictionaries:

DIRECTOR- (French from Latin regere to edit, direct). In theater troupes, the person in charge of the production of plays, distributing roles between actors, etc. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. DIRECTOR face,... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Director Viktyuk- Roman Grigoryevich Viktyuk (born October 28, 1936 in Lvov) Soviet, Russian, Ukrainian theater director. People's Artist of the Russian Federation. People's Artist of Ukraine. Contents 1 Biography 2 Performance ... Wikipedia

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Repertoire of the Bolshoi Theater (Moscow)- This article provides an incomplete list of the repertoire of the Moscow Bolshoi Theater. It must be taken into account that at first the troupe of the Maly (Maly Theater opened on October 14, 1824) and Bolshoi Theaters (Bolshoi Theater opened a little later than the Maly ... Wikipedia

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The director's profession belongs to the category of creative ones, and its essence lies in directing the creative process of creating a work - a film, a play, a circus performance, a variety show, etc.

A representative of this profession is responsible only for the creative side of creating a work. This distinguishes the director from the producer, who raises money for the project and resolves financial, technical, and organizational issues. However, there are masters who combine both roles and avoid possible conflicts of interest (commerce and creativity).

What types of directors are there?

Stage director

The production director is the main person who is responsible for everything that happens on the set or on stage. Actors, cameramen, sound engineers, screenwriters, decorators and other specialists report to him - he organizes them and is responsible for the final result. Therefore, the word “director” is not always used in relation to him.

Theater director

The tasks of the theater director include organizing and conducting all activities for staging the play - from working on the text of the play, selecting performers and scenery to staging the work, synchronizing the actions of the actors and their compliance with both the storyline and the artistic concept (both the author of the play and his own ).

Film editor

The profession of editing director (or film editing) hides an ordinary editor who brings together pieces of filming into one work (film, TV show, commercial, clip). Of course, this is not an ordinary technician who presses buttons on a computer, but a specialist who works side by side with the director, who knows all the subtleties and nuances of the future film and, in addition, knows how to perform all the technical functions.

The main task of the editing director is to make the output what the chief director expects.

Places of work

The position of director is provided for in many organizations producing entertainment and entertainment products:

• in film companies and film studios;
• in theaters and circuses;
• in large advertising agencies.

And some other organizations.

History of the profession

Before the advent of cinema, the profession of a director belonged to the theatrical field. At all times, there have been people who staged plays, performances and various shows. These could be playwrights, actors or someone else, but they were the progenitors of future directors.

The popularity of the theater and more complex productions around the second half of the 19th century gave birth to the profession of director. The Meiningen Theater, directed by Ludwig Kroneck, can be considered her birthplace.

Directors appeared in cinema almost immediately with its emergence: in the documentary genre - the inventors of cinema themselves, the Lumière brothers, in the fiction genre - Georges Méliès, in the animation - Emile Reynaud.

Over time, this activity became more diverse; not only film and theater directors appeared, but also circus directors, organizers of large public events, etc.

Director's responsibilities

The list and scope of specific tasks and responsibilities of the director can vary significantly depending on the direction and specifics of the activity. For example, a film director does the following things:

• writes or selects a script;
• determines the overall artistic style of the painting;
• selects actors and directs them;
• supervises the work of decorators, costume designers, screenwriters, cameramen, editors, assistants and other specialists;
• manages the installation procedure (sometimes participates in it).

For comparison, we will describe some of the functions of a television director who creates programs and broadcasts:

• creates scripts;
• accepts ready-made stories and programs;
• participates in editing television programs and advertising videos;
• works live.

Requirements for the director

The basic requirements for the director are simple:

• higher specialized education;
• experience in a certain field of directing: film, theater, television, etc.

At the same time, “profile” specialists (editing directors, sound engineers, etc.) are sometimes required to know the relevant equipment and software.

How to become a director

Becoming a director, especially a high-level one, is not so easy. To do this, you need to obtain a higher education in the specialty “director” - for example, graduate from the directing department of VGIK, a theater academy, a cultural institute, or another specialized university.

Moreover, it is advisable to choose an educational institution immediately according to the desired specialty: very few manage to retrain, for example, from a theater director to a film director during the course of their career.

Director's salary

How much a director earns is a big question. Famous artists make millions, but they always risk that their next creation will fail and they will end up in the red.

In addition to famous directors, there are also a lot of unnamed specialists. Their incomes are usually not very high. A director's salary can range from 30 to 250 thousand rubles per month (depending on the employer and the level of projects).

Media, entertainment in the form of films, shows, plays, theater productions and the like have become a part of our lives. Now we cannot even imagine how we would live and have fun if there were no television and theater. But someone comes up with all these productions and films, develops the script, and embodies what was planned in the actors’ performances. This is the profession we will talk about in this article.

In any movie, show or production, the profession “Director” appears. A certain job description is hidden under the mysterious name. Although a person who is far from the industry of filmmaking understands the director’s list of actions quite vaguely. Or perhaps it doesn’t represent him at all. So, what kind of profession is a director?

In fact, the director is the most important person in the film. It is on him that the acting, the presence and type of scenery, the quality of the film, the correctly selected cast, the composition of screenwriters, voice acting, special effects, and so on depend. The profession of "Director" involves continuous communication with and management of many people. Without him, there would be chaos and complete misunderstanding between people on the site.

Profession "Director": description

This profession is very complex, capacious, but also exciting. The director can be compared to the conductor of an orchestra. It is he who directs the actions of all the specialists who are on the set. His task is to achieve productivity in the interactions of people, to coordinate the sequence and necessity of performing different tasks, to convey to the creative staff what exactly is required from whom, and most importantly - in what time frame and in what form. The profession of "Director" is the most important in the field of cinema and theatrical productions. It is thanks to these people that truly exciting and fascinating masterpieces of world cinema and productions are presented to our attention.

History of the profession

The history of the “Director” profession is not as long as one might assume. It appeared only in the second half of the nineteenth century. Before this, there was no such position. It would seem, how did theaters function then? In those days, performances were staged either by the authors of the works themselves or by the acting troupe together. The need for directors arose with the increase in the number of theaters, as well as with the advent of the film industry.

Demand for the profession

The profession of "Film Director" is one of the most prestigious at the moment. Making your way to the big screens, working on films that will subsequently be seen by millions of people, is the cherished dream of many people who have connected their lives with directing. However, not everyone can really reach such heights. At the moment, a director can engage not only in film editing, but also accompany holidays and concerts of various sizes, stage plays in theaters, work with a group of animators, and so on. So, we can say that the demand is average. In big cinema there is almost none of it, and in very modest circles there is enough of it, but there are not enough people willing to work from time to time, and even for a small remuneration.

Human qualities

In order to get a good position in this profession, you must have a set of certain human qualities. The profession of “Film Editing and Theater Director” is exclusively creative. A candidate director must have an exceptional sense of beauty. Bring the actors' performance to a perfect level, feel the temporary components of the production, see what additional and main effects are needed, lighting, sequence of actions, and so on. The director must see the picture as a whole and at the same time in parts, so as not to lose sight of any important detail. In addition, communication skills must be well developed. Still, you will have to constantly work with a huge number of different people, explain to them their tasks, and find an approach to everyone.

Director's skills and abilities

You can learn the profession of director at colleges, academies, universities, cultural and cinematographic institutes. At least one of them in any city provides the opportunity to learn this craft. The profession of "Theater and Film Director" requires excellent knowledge of both foreign and national, both modern and historical. The director must understand genres and be able to correctly express his thoughts, both orally and in writing. Developed oratory and competent speech are important. No director can achieve anything in this matter without leadership data. Imagination, broad outlook, personal artistry, the ability to quickly make the most unexpected decisions - all this must be possessed by a director. The specifics of the profession require constant improvement of this data.

Director's responsibilities

This person is responsible for selecting the script, reading it, and correcting it. His tasks include collaborating with screenwriters and producers and finding funds for the film adaptation. director" and "film director" imply direct participation in the production and organization of a film adaptation or theatrical performance. These people select suitable candidates for a particular role, carry out preparatory work with them, explain the essence of the future role, the nuances of the game, and set the time for filming and rehearsals. At the final stage, the director’s responsibilities include checking the proper level at all stages of the work. He needs to make sure of the quality of the sound, lighting, music, scenery, work of stylists, etc. The director includes the most important co-operator of all representatives on the set. he is the organizer, manager and manager all rolled into one. His tasks include promoting his brainchild, advertising, selling to cinemas or theaters. Without his active participation, no one will ever hear about the new masterpiece.

Most famous universities

Almost all Russian directors are graduates of two famous Moscow universities. This is the All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography named after S.A. Gerasimova (VGIK) and These two universities have produced many creative and talented individuals. It's quite difficult to get there. And most likely, you will have to study on a paid basis. There are only 5-8 budget places available. But the prospects that these educational institutions give their students are worth the money they have to pay for education. Education and the fame of the place in which it was received is a very important moment in the career of a public person.

Pros and cons of being a director

The work of a director is quite labor-intensive and requires full dedication from a person. In order to get to a more or less enviable position, you will have to work a lot. Sometimes even for days on end. Look for opportunities, find and make useful contacts, keep in touch with many necessary people at the same time. In addition, you will have to invest a lot of emotions and your own feelings into the creative process and the process of conveying your point of view to the people around you. You will have to work a lot, for a long time, persistently and not always with good pay. In order to get a good project, you may have to go through several free competitions. But if the plan is realized, respect, position in society and the material side of the issue will not fail to please.

Salary expectations

You can start your career with Depending on the total cost of the project, the salary of assistants ranges from twenty thousand to forty. Directors and producers of various large-scale conferences and exhibitions, various presentations designed for a large number of participants, can receive a salary of seventy to two hundred thousand rubles per project.

It is quite difficult to estimate average salaries for this profession. Successful directors can earn millions for their films, and ordinary industry representatives involved in low-budget films and productions can really work for pennies. In the theater, the director can receive either a percentage of the proceeds for the entire performance or a clearly fixed salary. The salary usually in such cases ranges from thirty-five to fifty thousand rubles per month. The interest rate may be more favorable, but it does not promise stability.

The centuries-old history of the theater knows periods of dawn and decline, and has thousands of names of great artists. Hundreds of times people who know and love theater have tried to explain the magical art of the stage, to discover the secrets of its influence on people.

Each era left its own theory of theater. Many theatrical trends emerged. But no one other than Stanislavsky united the creative experience of outstanding actors of the 19th and 20th centuries into a single harmonious system, discovered the objective laws of human behavior on stage, or tried to find a conscious path to the actor’s subconscious. He is not only a great actor and thinker, but also a brilliant director. He created a certain theatrical direction.

The Stanislavsky system creates an artist, a director - creates performances

The system is as simple as anything ingenious. And unimaginably complex. Who knows and loves life. He will understand her. Who is talented will master it.

The laws of the system are born from practice and practice confirms it. Every artist must one day discover it within himself. And having discovered, develop and improve the laws of creativity.

In just one hundred years, the concept of the director has undergone a significant revolution. The director is a manager, manager. In the middle of the last century, the concept of a director did not imply anything more. The manager is like at a festival, otherwise he is the scriptwriter. The play was learned and performed by the actors. The director made sure that costume designers, props, make-up artists, lighting technicians, and workers served the artists well and on time.

The art of theater directing is an acquisition of the second half of the 19th century. There are some discrepancies about when and with whom “it all began.” Some theater scholars trace the history of directing to the Duke of Meiningen and his assistant L. Kroneck, others to A. Antoine and O. Brahm, while others begin the history of the new theatrical era with the founders of the Moscow Art Theater Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko. However, the latest theater studies again push back the time of the birth of director's art by several decades and trace its history exactly from the middle of the last century, linking the emergence of director's theater in Europe with the activities of Charles Kean in the London Princess Theater (1850 - 1859) and Heinrich Laube in the Vienna Burgtheater (1849 - 1867) Of course, not only because it was Laube who really turned out to be the first in the history of theater to turn directing into an independent profession. He came to the Burgtheater, already a famous playwright, but, having headed the theater, he did not write any more plays, because he believed that the duties of a theater director and director could not be combined with any other activities. The point is not at all that until the middle of the 19th century directing as a profession did not exist at all. The point is different - in the specific revolution that took place in theatrical art at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The acting theater became a director's theater. That's the whole point. Not just a new profession appeared, a fundamentally new type of art was born - the art of theater directing.

The entire middle and second half of the 19th century is the pre-director era in the theater. This is a time when there were already directors, but the art of directing did not yet exist. Directing was just receiving citizenship rights. The profession, the position of director, already really existed in the theater, was designated in the theatrical nomenclature, but the functions of directing still continued to be purely auxiliary.

At the turn of the century, the emergence of director's theater in Europe took contemporaries “by surprise.” The emergence of the director as the first creative person confused everything: traditions, hierarchy, the relationship of the artist with the public and criticism, the very structure of theatrical production. The invasion of directing into the performing arts was perceived as something seriously threatening the very nature of the theater; the figure of the theater director was seen as a dangerous destructive force. And the director’s stage, as often happens in new things, really wasn’t very convincing. In 1889, he tried his hand at directing, staging P. Gnedich’s one-act comedy “Burning Letters”, Konstantin Stanislavsky. The performances of the famous European theater have become a good school for aspiring actors and aspiring directors.

Theater of the 20th century is the era of great directors. What does it mean? This means that we live in the era of director's theater. Modern theater - theater 070998 is the leader of the theatrical process, heads and conducts the theatrical business, it is the director who today determines the creative face of the theater, its ideological orientation, repertoire policy, its artistic style, handwriting, method, organizational and creative structure, its aesthetic and ethical principles.

“What” and “how” in directing are the relationships between the director and the author (with his era, environment, social circumstances), the director and the actor, the director and the time in which he lives and stages this performance. The director is responsible for the logic of connecting all the artistic structures of the performance, and - this is perhaps the most important thing - for connecting theater with life.

The director must be able to read and understand the play, he must also be able to hear and understand life. Only with a subjective, purely individual approach of the director to the play is directorial creativity possible, the creation and birth of new independent content is possible. And this content will be filled with the director’s individuality, personal attitude both to the world of the play and to the world of life itself.

Based on the author’s super- and super-task, from the author’s entire world and the specific integral life of his play and relying on his own knowledge, his intimate, spiritual, human experience, the director creates an independent concept of the play and performance. Exactly this independence makes the director an artist, creator, interpreter. Finding the way, not getting lost in the magical labyrinth of connections created by nature itself and the specifics of theatrical creativity - this is the main task of all theater artists. The difficulties of an actor in this work are incommensurable with anything. The creation of a stage character, the mystery of the birth of a living person in the circumstances proposed by the author and director, that is, the connection of a human actor with the individuality of the author, the alien soul of the role, the director’s plan - what could be more complex, inexplicable, more mysterious?... And how necessary is the actor here? the hand of the director, the sensitive and intelligent hand of the director-teacher. The director of the actor and his assistant, who, in the words of Nemirovich-Danchenko, is able to “simultaneously follow the will of the actor and direct it.” The actor is the follower in this work, the leader is the director.

“As Nemirovich-Danchenko said: the director is a three-dimensional being”

1. Director and interpreter of the play

2. The director is a mirror reflecting the individual qualities of the actor (to be able to manipulate, to be a good teacher and psychologist)

3. Director and organizer of the performance.

“A theater director today is not a stage director, he is the author of a play,” writes G.A. Tovstonogov. - the director’s possibilities in interpreting the play today are limitless. His role and responsibility for creating the performance has increased many times over, even compared to the heyday of Stanislavsky’s directing work... There is no need to be afraid to admit this, just as there is no need to be afraid to recognize natural changes in art...”

The director is responsible both for the logic of connecting all the artistic structures of the performance, and - this is perhaps the most important thing - for connecting the theater.

K.S. Stanislavski paid great attention to ethical issues. It includes ethics as a decisive condition for life and the development of art. In “Notes on Artistic Ethics and Discipline,” he wrote that an artist must obey not only the ethical laws accepted in society, but also artistic ethics (“narrowly professional ethics of stage activity”). Another ethical norm in the theater is knowledge of the text, since an actor who gets confused in his words disturbs both his partners and the audience. Particularly noteworthy is the need for a certain relationship between the director and the actor. It is necessary to consciously, for one's own success, submit to the will of the director and other artistic directors of the performance.

The practical results achieved by Stanislavsky made his system the greatest achievement of theatrical culture, a generally recognized, scientifically based method of acting. The true material of directing, from Stanislavsky’s point of view, is not the body or psyche of the actor, but his creativity. This leads to ch. director functions:

1) evoke a creative process in the actor;

2) continuously support and direct it towards a specific goal in accordance with the general ideological and artistic concept of the performance;

3) coordinate the result of each actor’s creativity with the result of the creativity of the other performers to create a harmoniously integral unity of the performance.

In the theater, as in any collective work, a certain organization, an exemplary order is necessary in order for the external, organizational part of the performance to proceed correctly, without interruptions. Iron discipline serves as such an organization. But even more order, organization and discipline are required by the inner, creative side - it requires inner discipline and ethics. Without this, it will not be possible to carry out all the requirements of the “system” on stage.

Ethical education is one of the most important principles underlying the professional education of an actor. As a worker in theatrical art, he must feel his responsibility to the audience, to the theater group, to the author of the play, to his partner and to himself. A sense of responsibility helps to overcome selfishness and contribute through your creativity and behavior to strengthening the cohesion and unity of the team.

If an actor does not possess such qualities as integrity, truthfulness, directness, a sense of duty, moral responsibility for himself and for the team, then he has nowhere to get these qualities even when he is on stage. To create the inner life of an image, the actor has no other material than that contained in his own intellectual and emotional experience. The “small” person will not play a big role.

First of all, the director should take care of the education of the theater group. If he is helpless or mediocre in this regard, then he is not only a bad teacher, but also an inferior director. After all, a truly good performance can only grow in a good moral and creative atmosphere.