Vietnam morals, customs, traditions and rituals. Customs and traditions of Vietnam

In this article we will try to reveal some features of Vietnamese culture. The habits of the Vietnamese, their attitude towards children and mentality.

The Vietnamese are a very freedom-loving and even proud people. Despite their apparent good nature and smiling nature, it is better not to hurt their pride. At the same time, they are very simple in communication and their worldview, and in some cases even simple-minded. Money and profit are not always a priority for the Vietnamese; intimate gatherings are common here, where you will be treated and welcomed as a member of the family.

I would like to say a special word about family relations in Vietnam. Family canons are highly respected here, they try to stay together and build houses next to each other. They are extremely respectful of age, even if a brother’s brother is at least a year older, his word is much more significant in resolving some family issues. The relationship between a man and a woman in modern Vietnam can be called equal, women work on an equal basis with men, and the latter, on an equal basis with women, can perform some duties around the house. Everyone loves children very much, both their own and others.

There are a lot of kids on the streets, and, as a rule, they are rarely denied anything, well, of course, until a certain age. Note: be prepared, if you come to Vietnam with a child, that everyone will want to “pat him on the cheeks” and treat him to something tasty; You shouldn’t focus on this; you won’t be able to change this feature of their mentality.

Contrary to popular belief, the majority of Vietnamese are not Buddhists; they honor the cult of ancestral spirits. In many courtyards you will see the graves and altars of their deceased relatives, to whom they bring gifts every full moon and on major holidays and pray that their ancestors will protect their family from adversity. There is also a small percentage of Buddhists and Catholics (an echo of the times of the French colonialists).

The daily routine of the Vietnamese is very similar, they get up very early, at lunch they usually have a “siesta” from 12 to 14, many shops and institutions are closed at this time. People go to bed quite early, almost everyone closes around 10 pm, the main day off is Sunday.

Do not drink tap water, and do not ask the Vietnamese to get water for you: there is a chance that they will bring you untreated water.

When you order food in a cafe, immediately check the price of the dishes, otherwise there will be unpleasant surprises with the bill at the end of the meal. Pay attention to how many visitors there are in the cafe: if there are many locals, then the cafe is popular, which means it is affordable and has high-quality preparation. The mopeds standing near the establishment can also indicate a budget option for food.

As for food, local delicacies made from animals, which are considered our best four-legged friends, are quite specific dishes. You can culturally refuse such foods without offending the local cuisine.

A 5% surcharge is added to your bill in hotels and restaurants, so you don’t have to tip.

Restrictions when visiting attractions

When visiting the pagoda, remember important rules: take off your shoes before entering, and do not turn your back to the shrines when leaving. If you want to walk around the temple, do it clockwise.

Do not photograph or videotape Vietnamese military installations. Photographing attractions and Vietnamese people is only necessary with permission.

We take care of personal belongings

In Vietnam, take care of your personal belongings: documents, jewelry, money, etc. Firstly, we carry copies of documents and small amounts of money with us. Secondly, keep it all in a safe bag and firmly in your hands during the trip.

Cases of theft on the streets are not a regular occurrence in Vietnam, but there have been cases. Avoid evening rickshaw rides and suspicious unofficial taxis.

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Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics

Faculty: "Management"

Culture Vietnam

Completed by: Do Thi Thu Chang

Group DMM-101

Scientific supervisor: Davydova Yu.A.

Moscow 2013

Introduction

1. Culture Vietnam

2. Family connections

3. Wedding

4. Funeral

5. Religion and Faith

6. Art

9. Holidays and memorable dates

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Vietnam is an exotic country on the Indochina Peninsula, located next to Cambodia, Laos and China. Vietnam is able to amaze all the senses: picturesque landscapes and landscapes, the sounds of national chants and instruments, the smells and taste of national cuisine will not leave you indifferent.

The capital of Vietnam, Hanoi, is located in the north of the country, in the center of the Red River Delta and has seven districts. Since its founding, Hanoi has been considered a sacred land. Many temples, beautiful oriental pagodas and quiet lakes.

Ho Chi Minh City is the capital of the southern part of the country, a stronghold and “hotbed” of capitalism, bearing the imprint of the colonial past and French culture. A city of contrasts - neon lights, nightclubs, vices and freedom.

Vietnam is the most long-suffering country in Southeast Asia, having been under the rule of conquerors for most of its history.

Between 1860-1880, Vietnam was colonized by the French, who built industrial enterprises in the cities and began to grow rubber plantations.

French rule came to an end in 1945, when communist guerrilla forces captured the north of the country, and it split into North and South Vietnam. In 1956, the United States military sided with the South Vietnamese against the communists of North Vietnam.

The armed conflict escalated into a fierce war. The South Vietnamese government was overthrown in 1975. American troops left the country, and in 1976, South Vietnam and North Vietnam were united.

The country's economy suffered greatly as a result of the war and the political isolation caused by the war. However, in the post-war years, much was done to restore the destroyed economy.

culture vietnamese wedding art

1. Culture Vietnam

Vietnam is a country with ancient history and culture, has a huge number of valuable historical monuments, a diverse landscape and more than three thousand km of coastline along the rich South China Sea. The country amazes, first of all, with its natural beauty. A strip of wonderful beaches stretches along the coast, and in the center of the country there are mountains covered with dense forests.

Vietnam's rice culture is one of the oldest in East Asia. After China gained independence in the 10th century, Vietnam began to invade the southern lands of the Champa civilization (today central Vietnam) as well as the Khmer civilization (today southern Vietnam).

In the ancient world and in the Middle Ages, India had a great influence on the culture of Vietnam, in modern and modern times - France, then the Soviet Union.

During the French colonial period, European civilization left its mark on Vietnamese culture. In particular, Catholicism and the Latin alphabet became widespread in Vietnam, which is still the basis of Vietnamese writing. Today Vietnam is the only Asian country with a Latin alphabet.

The main values of Vietnamese culture are veneration of ancestors, respect for society, as well as family values, craft work, the desire to learn and loyalty. And the main symbols of Vietnam include images of dragons, turtles, lotus and bamboo.

Many major religious festivals in Vietnam are celebrated according to the lunar calendar. There are a large number of holidays associated with events in history and with the traditions of the local population.

The way of life of a Vietnamese, his thinking is closely connected with his place of birth, his village, which often leads a separate lifestyle and places strict demands on the behavior of its inhabitants.

Vietnamese traditions touch all aspects of the lives of its citizens from birth to death.

2. Family connections

Family ties play an important role in Vietnam. Unlike European culture, which focuses on individualism, in Vietnam the clan community dominates the family. This also distinguishes Vietnam from China, since there the family comes first. Each clan has an altar and a patriarch.

Most of the inhabitants of small villages are blood relatives. This can be seen in the names of such places: Dangsa (the place where the Dangs live), Tyausa (the place where the Tau live), and so on. In most rural areas, three or four generations live in a communal house.

Due to the importance that family ties have for the Vietnamese, society has a complex hierarchical system of relationships. It is believed that there must be nine generations in a clan, from great-grandparents to great-great-grandchildren. In this case, the place in the hierarchy is not determined by age: the late, younger children of the older brother will be considered “elder” in relation to the early children of the younger brother. This model of family relationships led to the emergence of a complex system of pronouns.

3. Wedding

A traditional Vietnamese wedding is one of the most significant events in Vietnam. Despite Westernization, many ancient traditions are observed by both the people of Vietnam and the Viet Kieu.

Getting married is an important event in the life of the Vietnamese. The procedure of the ancient wedding ceremony was very complex. Current wedding ceremony procedures include the following stages: looking for a husband or wife, proposal, registration, and finally the wedding.

Until the 20th century, Vietnamese married early, weddings were organized by parents and family members, but the newlyweds themselves had almost no voting rights. In modern Vietnam, this tradition is a thing of the past, and the Vietnamese choose their partners themselves. Depending on the habits of specific ethnic groups, marriage includes various stages and procedures involved, but in general there are two main rites:

· Le ankhoi (L? An H?i) - betrothal ceremony:

Some time before the wedding, the groom and his family visit the bride's family with round lacquered boxes containing wedding gifts. The number of boxes must be odd. Common gifts are areca nuts, tea leaves, cakes, fruits, wine, other delicacies and money. Gifts are covered with red cloth and carried by unmarried family members of both sexes. Families set a wedding date.

· Lekyoy (L? Se?i)-wedding ceremony:

On the wedding day, the groom and his family again come to the bride to ask her relatives to give their daughter to their house. Guests are invited to the wedding celebration. The bride and groom pray in front of the altar, asking their ancestors for permission to marry, and also express gratitude to the couple's parents.

4. Funeral

When someone dies in Vietnam, their family holds a five- or six-day wake, which can be extended if someone needs time to arrive. The body of the deceased is washed and dressed. A stick is placed between the teeth, a pinch of rice and three coins are placed in the mouth. The body is laid on a grass bed on the ground, according to the proverb “one born of the earth must return to it.” The body is wrapped in white cloth and placed in a coffin, after which it is buried.

The family, dressed in simple tunics and fine mesh turbans, perform either traditional or modern funeral rituals.

The deceased person's family members wear a white turban or black stripes in the morning.

· Traditional funeral: The date and time of burial are carefully chosen. Friends and relatives accompany the deceased to the cemetery, throwing sacrificial objects along the way. The coffin is buried in the cemetery. After three days of mourning, the family revisits the cemetery for graveside veneration. After 49 days, they stop placing rice on the family altar for the deceased. After 100 days, the day of the “end of tears” is celebrated. A year later marks the anniversary of the death, and two years later the end of mourning.

· Modern funerals: Vietnamese modern funerals only involve covering the body with cloth, coffin position, funeral procession, coffin burial and grave visits.

The family of the deceased performs a vigil ritual after a hundred days, all family members sit in pairs in a line. The invited monk places a small piece of cotton on the head of each family member, rings a bell and chants while rotating the bell over the head of the deceased.

It is believed that this opens the way back to life. A bamboo branch with leaves on the top and pieces of paper attached with the name of the deceased begins to sway when the deceased returns. It is believed that on this day the soul of the deceased can move into one of the relatives and talk to the others.

Preparation for this ritual takes the whole day, prayers and chants, before moving in last 6 hours. After the ritual, relatives burn the paper house and things made from paper that may be useful to the deceased in the next life.

5. Religion and Faith

The main religious movements in Vietnam are Buddhism (which is divided into Taoism and Confucianism), Christianity (Catholicism and Protestantism), Islam, Caodaism and the Hoa Hao sect.

Buddhism Buddhism emerged in Vietnam around the 2nd century and reached its peak in the Ly dynasty (11th century). Then Buddhism was recognized as the main - official religion of Vietnam. Buddhism was preached widely among the population, and it deeply influenced people's daily lives. His influence also left marks in various areas of traditional literature and architecture, corresponding to the large number of pagodas and temples built during this time. At the end of the 14th century, Buddhism began to lose its position among the mass of the population. The ideological influence of Buddhism, however, remained very strong in social and cultural life. Today, more than 70 percent of Vietnam's population is either Buddhist or strongly influenced by Buddhist morals.0

Catholicism appeared in Vietnam in the 17th century.

The largest branch of Christianity in terms of the number of adherents, Catholicism, was introduced by Portuguese missionaries in the 16th century and strengthened during French colonial rule. The first visits met with moderate success, but later Jesuit missions allowed Catholicism to gain a foothold among the local population.

Islamic followers in Vietnam come from the Cham ethnic minority group living in the central central coast. The number of Islamic followers in Vietnam is estimated at approximately 50,000.

The first Jews came to Vietnam, most likely during French colonization, in the second half of the 19th century.

Caodaism first appeared in the country in 1926.

The Hoa Hao sect appeared in Vietnam in 1939. More than 1 million Vietnamese are followers of this sect. Most of them live in the southwestern part of Vietnam.

In Vietnam, as in Japan, there are difficulties in determining the religious status of the population: many cannot accurately indicate what religion they profess.

In addition to the above, ancestor cult, as well as animism, is widespread in Vietnam: most Vietnamese, regardless of religious affiliation, practice ancestor cult rituals and have an altar at home or at work.

In addition to obligations to family and clan, education played an important role in Vietnam. Scientists in ancient times were at the top of society, and people of humble origin could increase their social status solely through study and passing imperial exams, similar to mandarins. Passing the exams could open doors to careers and lead to power and prestige.

6. Art

The art of Vietnam is art created by residents of Vietnam, as well as emigrants and their descendants. The art of Vietnam also includes ancient works that appeared before Vietnam gained statehood, for example, Dong Son drums.

Throughout its history, Vietnamese art has been influenced by Chinese Buddhist art, Cham Hindu art, and, in the 19th and 20th centuries, the art of France.

The Chinese influence on Vietnamese art was the most significant. Areas of influence include ceramics and pottery, calligraphy and architecture.

Many Vietnamese work in creative environments, as Vietnamese art is of interest and demand.

Vietnamese literature consists of two unrelated parts: folk and author.

Written literature that appeared around the 10th century. At first, Chinese characters and the ancient Indian language Sanskrit were used for writing in Vietnam, but later they switched to the Latin alphabet, creating their own alphabet.

Ancient folk literature includes Vietnamese myths about the dragon and the origins of people, folk tales, the lamprey epic tales "The Birth of Water and the Birth of Earth" and court poetry. The works of writers reflected the struggle against the Chinese and Mongol conquerors, everyday problems and emotional experiences. The Vietnamese literary language reached its highest degree of development in classical poetry.

The pillars of Vietnamese literature of the New Age are Nguyen Chai (15th century), Nguyen Binh Khiem (16th century), Nguyen Du (18th-19th centuries). And famous Vietnamese poetesses: Ba Huyen Thanh Quan, Doan Thi Diem and Ho Xuan Huong.

In the last decades of the 20th century, the genres of literature in Vietnam gradually converged with the genres of literature in Europe and America. At this time, the most famous were the prose writers Nguyen Hong (1918-1982), To Hoai, Le Luu, Nguyen Manh Tuan, poets Xuan Gieu (1916-1985), Te Lan Vien, Te Hanh, poet and playwright Nguyen Dinh Thi.

Modern Vietnamese literature has gone through periods of romanticism, realism, and military heroism.

Until the 10th century, the Vietnamese used wood to build houses to protect themselves from tigers and wolves. There were two types of houses, one shaped like a boat and the other shaped like a turtle shell.

Due to the large number of lakes, swamps, and rivers, as well as the influence of the humid tropical climate, the main building materials were bamboo and wood, which were used to build houses on low stilts. At the end of the 19th century, houses on stilts remained in mountainous areas and plains throughout the country.

During the 11th century, a new stage in architectural terms began in a single feudal state under the influence of the Li dynasty.

Typically, the architecture of the Li Dynasty, 11th and 12th centuries, was reflected in five main directions: fortresses, palaces, castles, pagodas and ordinary houses.

In the mid-15th century, under the influence of the "Le" dynasty, orthodox architecture had two dominant styles: the palatial palace and the royal tomb. From the 16th to 17th centuries, religious architecture gained great popularity in architectural construction.

At the end of the 19th century, new architectural trends came to Vietnam, which, under the influence of Europe, brought interaction between French and Eastern culture into urban planning. Since reunification in 1975, Vietnam's architecture has developed by leaps and bounds.

Many new towns and residential areas, industrial zones, and new villages with major architectural works have brought high artistic value to regional development. Although the main modernity occurs in the megacities: Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, cities of regional significance also do not remain aside. Currently, the architectural complex is intertwined in 5 main areas: interior design, architectural design, exterior design, urban planning and regional planning. Along with this, questions arise about the spontaneous development of urban areas, the protection of architectural monuments and housing construction strategies. All these issues require immediate resolution.

Sculpture in Vietnam is closely related to architecture; it was used as a decorative decoration for buildings to create an accent in the overall composition. In their works, sculptors created figures of people, dancers and musicians, figures of deities and animals. They tried to make people’s faces as realistic as possible, depicting thick lips, wide noses, thick eyebrows and mustaches. Among the animals, the most common are sculptures of elephants, lions and monkeys, as well as sculptures of decorative animals in the form of dragons with the body of a snake, decorated with ornamental designs. Sculptors usually depicted animals in motion and in various poses.

Calligraphy in Vietnam has an ancient history. Until the 20th century, Vietnamese calligraphers used Chinese and Vietnamese characters, but after the transition to Latinized writing, most calligraphers switched to the national script.

Even at a time when knowledge of hieroglyphic writing was the lot of a few educated scientists and officials, calligraphy played an important role in the life of the Vietnamese. On holidays, such as New Year's, people would go to their local teacher or scholar to get a calligraphic inscription, which they would hang on the wall of their house.

The Sin Village paintings, which originated from the Sin Village town, a suburb of Hau City (the capital of Vietnam in 1802-1945), are well known in central Vietnam. Most of the Sin Village paintings are used for worship, and they express a mystical character based on the beliefs of the ancient Vietnamese.

Among these beliefs is the “Statue of a Woman”, the guardian angel of women. "Shin" paintings are made using only one printed circuit board. With its help, all the drawn lines and black figures of the picture are created. After this, the whole picture is filled with black tones, sometimes the pictures are decorated with colorful lines, but this is already a departure from the classical style. Some paintings are still printed on plain (“primitive”) paper.

Dong Ho, full name "Dong Ho Folk Colored Woodcuts" is a colored woodblock print that originated in a village located in Bac Ninh Province during the Le Dynasty.

Dongho is made on a special shiny paper containing glutinous rice and crushed scallop shells and therefore called zay diep, and painted with natural dyes. Common themes of dongho are good wishes, historical figures, daily activities and folklore.

In the past, donghos were a mandatory part of Vietnamese New Year celebrations, but this tradition is gradually disappearing due to the spread of fake donghos and the popularization of Western New Year celebrations. Dong Ho is a cultural heritage of Vietnam.

The music of Vietnam differs in three regions of the country: northern, central and southern.

Vietnamese music has had quite a long and rich history. Since ancient times, the Vietnamese have had a strong penchant for musical expressions.

For the Vietnamese, music is an essential need, therefore, numerous musical instruments and genres have developed rapidly throughout the history of the Vietnamese people. Vietnamese people use music to express their deepest feelings, to encourage themselves - working and fighting for life, teaching children traditions and national patriotism, and to raise the desire for a happy life.

Simple and primitive instruments, as well as more complex ones, have been preserved over the centuries to form a rich musical treasure. Numerous forms of songs and music have been preserved through transmission from generation to generation. These include lullabies, children's songs, ritual songs, songs of celebration, various work songs, courtship songs, riddle songs, melodies and narration of poems. There are also songs and music for groups of people and traditional water puppet theater.

Vietnamese traditional music is diverse due to the different genres that were formed during different periods in Vietnam's history. Songs of the same genre often differ from each other depending on ethnicity. As a result, the lullaby song "Kinh" is different from the lullaby "Muong".

Traditional music has always played an important role in the life of the Vietnamese. Currently, music also occupies a significant position in the spiritual life of the Vietnamese. Some unique genres of music still exist in rural areas, while other genres have been popularized and have mass distribution.

As in other forms of art, Vietnamese theater developed both its own genres and those borrowed from China and later from Europe:

· Teo - satirical North Vietnamese peasant theater, performances are often accompanied by dance. Performances by semi-professional troupes traditionally take place in the village square, but with increasing interest in the genre, professional troupes have appeared on stage.

Theo Theater absorbed folk melodies and dances. The orchestra accompanying the performances uses folk musical instruments. Theo's performances are based on folklore stories and popular narrative poems. Theo theater still occupies an important place in the cultural life of the Vietnamese village.

· Tuong is a Vietnamese version of Chinese opera, originally performed at court, but later passed on to the people.

· Tuong is based on a combination of music, pantomime, dance, poetry, acrobatics and fencing. At the center of the play, the tuonga is a heroic character who performs a feat in the name of the Motherland and the emperor. Tuonga performances are based on the principles of grotesque, convention and symbolism, which can be seen in the poses, gestures, makeup, and stage movement of the actors. There are no scenery or curtains on the stage, the time and place of action are not determined - the actor must indicate all this with his performance.

· Water puppet theater - original Vietnamese art, water puppets.

· Vongko is a semi-amateur theater based on folk theatre, the predecessor of the Cailhuong Theatre.

· Cay Luong - a “renewed” theater, a modern folk opera that appeared in the south of the country.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Cailhuong musical theater emerged. The musical part and orchestra were modernized in Cay Luong, scenery, a curtain, a stage were added, and the acting became more natural. The repertoire was formed not only due to traditional plots, but also performances on modern themes.

· Kitnoy - a modern “conversation” theater, or a theater of classical Vietnamese drama.

Water puppet theater is a native Vietnamese art that appeared in the 10th century.

Water puppet theater is found only in Vietnam. It originated in Vietnamese villages in the Red River Delta.

In ancient times, dolls were made from wooden blocks and then covered with several layers of waterproof paint. And to control the puppets, threads were used to weave nets and bamboo poles. The action takes place on water, along the surface of which dolls move.

The actors control the puppets with their hands, standing chest-deep in water behind a screen. The lower part of the screen is made of bamboo sticks and allows the actors to observe the puppets.

The Vietnamese government saved this art from extinction, recognizing it as part of the country's cultural heritage. In addition, water puppets are very popular among tourists. Puppet artists are trained in rural areas of the country.

Vietnam is home to 54 officially recognized nations, and each has its own national dance. Some of them are performed (performed) at court or on holidays, such as the dance of kings.

Martial art in Vietnam, which has a long history and developed for a long time under the influence of the Chinese Empire, existed on the Indochina Peninsula until the colonial takeover by France at the end of the 19th century, until the Vietnamese state itself was divided into North, South and Central Vietnam.

The term “to Vietnam”, in which the particle “into” carries a collective meaning, means nothing more than a complex of traditional martial arts, including wrestling, fist fighting, fighting with weapons, as well as special breathing exercises.

In the 20th century, following Western civilization, various new arts appeared in Vietnam: photography, cinema and television. At the beginning of 1997, there were 191 professional arts organizations and 26 film studios in Vietnam.

Vietnamese cuisine is famous for its unusualness and refined taste. It is not like Chinese, Korean, or Japanese, although it has borrowed a lot from them. Mint leaves, coriander, lemongrass (schisandra), shrimp, nuoc mam fish sauce, ginger, black pepper, garlic and basil give Vietnamese dishes a unique, distinctive aroma. Not scalding, but gentle and piquant spices, minimal use of fats, an emphasis on fresh ingredients, a variety of dishes from rice, vegetables and seafood make Vietnamese cuisine not only tasty, but also healthy, and in addition very popular among both the most sophisticated gourmets and for adherents of healthy eating.

Traditionally, fish, chicken and pork dishes are a favorite among locals in Vietnamese cuisine, along with cooked vegetables and rice or noodles. In addition, in Vietnam they eat young bamboo shoots - a very healthy and tasty product, although they do not have a pleasant smell. Even the Vietnamese themselves consider “a repulsive smell with excellent taste” to be a characteristic feature of their cuisine.

The French influence in Vietnamese cuisine is evident in the abundance of fresh baguettes, pates and cheeses that can be purchased from street vendors everywhere. The country also inherited the French love for coffee. Vietnamese coffee usually has a very strong chocolate and mocha flavor and is served in a small glass or cup with condensed milk.

The national cuisine is quite different in different regions of Vietnam: North, Central and South. Each of them has its own unique recipes of Vietnamese cuisine and cooking traditions. The north is mostly known for its famous noodle soup, fried meats and seafood.

In the Center, especially in the area of the ancient capital of Hue, perhaps the most complex dishes of Vietnamese cuisine are prepared.

In the South there is a great abundance of spices, and accordingly, all dishes are much more spicy.

One of the most famous Vietnamese dishes is pho soup.

In the Middle Ages, clothing was a very important social marker; there were strict rules regulating costume. Commoners were prohibited from wearing bright colors, and in some periods only black, brown and white were allowed.

Aotytkhan, a “four-piece dress,” was worn by ordinary women along with a yem apron-shirt. The peasants dressed in pajama-like silk suits, called aokan in the north, and aobaba in the south.

The usual headdresses of peasants are a strip of khandong brocade wrapped around the head and a nonla hat. Ordinary Vietnamese did not wear shoes.

Monarchs could wear gold clothes that were prohibited to the rest of the population, and nobles could wear red and crimson clothes. The styles and colors of the robes depended on the current date and position of the wearer.

The most famous Vietnamese costume in the world and popular among the population is called ao dai. There are both female and male types of ao dai, but in the 20th century it began to be worn mainly by women. Ao Dai consists of a long dress with slits on the sides and loose trousers.

In everyday life, traditional clothing in Vietnam has been replaced by Western clothing, the only exception being Ao Dai.

In recent years, the echo of modern foreign fashion has reached Vietnam, especially clearly in large cities, but women in urban and rural areas prefer traditional Ao Dai dresses. In general, Vietnamese clothing is very diverse. Each ethnic group in Vietnam has its own style of clothing. For more than thousands of years, the traditional clothing of all ethnic groups in Vietnam has undergone changes, but each ethnic group has maintained its own traditions in national clothing.

Nowadays, in several schools, female students wear a plain white ao dai as their uniform.

9. Holidays and memorable dates

There are many festivals and traditional celebrations in Vietnam, many of which date back over a thousand years of history. The most important among them are Tet and the Mid-Autumn Festival. National holidays are listed below.

End of January - beginning of February (The last day of the last month of the lunar calendar is the third day of the first month of the lunar calendar) - Tet - Vietnamese New Year, the largest holiday in Vietnam.

April (tenth day of the third month according to the lunar calendar, lasts 7 days) - Remembrance Day of the Hung Kings.

Hungah - rulers of the first Vietnamese state of Van Lang.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that the country of Vietnam is small, the culture of Vietnam is truly unique and original, because it was formed over 3 millennia and was formed as a result of the fusion of cultures, traditions, customs and beliefs of several peoples. Throughout its development, there were periods of rise and fall, brutal wars stood in the way of its development, it connected with alien cultures and found independent paths of development. All this has made the culture of Vietnam so extraordinary, arousing interest on the part of not only specialists, but also ordinary people seeking to discover something new for themselves.

Vietnam is a country stunning with its ancient culture, exotic, enchanting and alluring...

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Vietnamese family life

Family is the most important thing for every Vietnamese resident. Vietnamese people try to maintain warm relations between all family members. You will immediately notice that in Vietnam they treat the older generation with respect. Deceased relatives are revered: in every house there is a special altar where rituals of worshiping the spirits of ancestors are held. Such altars always contain fresh fruits and clean water.

And all the Vietnamese are very fond of small children. Here they are cared for and cherished. And if you decide to go on vacation with your child, be prepared for the fact that your baby will attract attention from the locals. Often it's not just smiles, many will want to cuddle the child, especially if he is fair-haired and fair-skinned.

According to statistics, Vietnamese women get married at the age of 24, and men get married a little later - at about 27. Marriages between Vietnamese and representatives of other nationalities are now common. In such cases, many families go abroad, but some remain in Vietnam.

Religious life of the Vietnamese

Among the residents of Vietnam there are many atheists who do not consider themselves followers of any religion. But almost all Vietnamese revere the spirits of their ancestors. Therefore, in every home, in cafes, hotels and shops, altars are installed, which we described above.

A fairly large percentage of Catholics live in the country. The French colonialists brought Catholicism with them. Along with faith in Vietnam, beautiful Catholic churches appeared in which services are held.

Some Vietnamese consider themselves Buddhists. The country has many colorful and atmospheric pagodas that are worth visiting while in Vietnam. Large statues of Buddha or the Vietnamese goddess of mercy, Quan Am, are often installed on their territories.

Also, while vacationing in Vietnam, you will definitely see the Cham Towers - these are the temples of the now small Cham people. Their colorful tower-temples are dedicated to various gods, including Hindu ones.

Daily life of the Vietnamese

The life of the Vietnamese is directly related to the sun. In a country where it is summer almost all year round (especially in the southern part of Vietnam), there are many hot sunny days. Vietnamese people wake up very early to get a lot done before the sun sets in. First of all, city residents go to the parks closest to their homes to do exercises. And only then they start working.

Small businesses are very developed in the country; many families open cafes, workshops, beauty salons, and shops right on the ground floor of their houses. Therefore, it turns out that many Vietnamese work in the same place where they live. At the same time, the whole family, young and old, can be involved in the business.

The Vietnamese dine both at home and in street cafes. Typically, such establishments serve traditional Vietnamese dishes - rice with chicken, pho soup with noodles. Baguettes that came from the French and were loved by the Vietnamese are also common. They are cut and filled with eggs, vegetables and meat. After having a snack, many take a siesta to wait out the hottest time of the day.

In the evenings, Vietnamese life continues in numerous cafes, men go to beer bars, and young people walk in parks and along embankments or go to sing karaoke. This type of entertainment is very much loved by the nation. There are special establishments where you can come with your company and rent a separate room with equipment. But many people also have karaoke at home. Karaoke is a must-have attribute of any wedding.

The Vietnamese go to bed quite early; after ten in the evening there are practically no people on the street. Of course, this does not apply to tourist areas; nightclubs and drinking establishments continue to operate.

But in general, the Vietnamese are friendly and smiling people who are always ready to help a stranger. And if you treat them well, they will definitely repay you in kind!

The unique culture of Vietnam has developed as a result of the fusion of traditions and beliefs of many peoples. Despite the difficulties and hardships experienced by the Vietnamese people, the culture of Vietnam continues to develop, and the people of this country continue to enjoy life. These are friendly, spiritually rich people who immediately put you at ease, and the culture of Vietnam arouses genuine interest among everyone who comes to this country.

Vietnamese culture

The culture of Vietnam is both a traditional way of life and, at the same time, modern technologies that harmoniously fit into the traditions of the local people.

Vietnamese culture: photos

Vietnamese culture: lifestyle, religion, traditions, art, cuisine

Despite the fact that the Vietnamese lifestyle may seem quite measured, they are hardworking people. Many people work almost seven days a week from early morning until late evening. The streets of Vietnam are bustling. The movement of motorbikes, cars and public transport in Vietnam seems chaotic and chaotic to Europeans. Local residents protect themselves from exhaust fumes and the hot sun with masks.

In terms of religion, more than half of Vietnam's population practices Buddhism. Here you can find beautiful Buddhist pagodas and Buddha statues. They can be made from a variety of materials, and many reach impressive sizes. Under the influence of the French, some residents of the country converted to Catholicism. Therefore, the Catholic Church is not uncommon in Vietnam. In general, colonial Vietnam felt a strong French influence. This is evidenced by the European-style villas and palaces that appeared in the country at that time.

Walking into any Vietnamese home, local restaurant, store or even office, you will find an ancestral altar. Vietnamese people honor the memory of their deceased relatives and regularly bring fresh fruits and flowers to the altar. Money, clean drinking water and incense sticks can also be seen at the altars. Particular attention is paid to the altar of the ancestors before the new year (Tet), which also symbolizes the onset of spring.

During Tet celebrations, Vietnamese streets and houses bloom with bright colors. Fresh flowers can be seen everywhere. Residents of Vietnam prefer to spend this most significant holiday of the year with their family. A popular Tet gift is a small red envelope with money. Representatives of the older generation give such envelopes to children. Another New Year's tradition is the lion dance. Dancers dressed in colorful costumes (usually two people control the lion) perform various rhythmic movements to the music.

Speaking about the culture of Vietnam, one cannot fail to mention the theater on the water. This art appeared in the 11th century and continues to live to this day. The performance takes place to live folk music right on the water. The actors in this unusual theater are not people, but puppets made of wood and other natural materials. The water theater is popular both among local residents and among tourists who come to get acquainted with the culture of Vietnam.

In Vietnam, a popular type of creativity is silk embroidery. There is a silk factory in Dalat where craftswomen create stunning paintings. These can be natural landscapes or portraits that amaze viewers with their complexity and beauty.

As for Vietnamese architecture, in addition to the most beautiful Buddhist temples, Cham architecture is of particular interest. The religious buildings built by these people fascinate with their antiquity and resistance to the passage of time. In large cities you can also see modern achievements in the field of architecture. For example, in the center of Ho Chi Minh City there is the Saigon Sky Dec skyscraper. This new tall tower attracts tourists thanks to its observation deck located on the 49th floor of the building. On the floor above there is a panoramic restaurant where you can have lunch or dinner, watching the life of a huge metropolis from above. Unusual from an architectural point of view is the unique Crayzy house hotel, located in Dalat. You can stay in it like a hotel, or you can come to it like a museum to be surprised by the unusual solutions of the talented architect Mrs. Dang Hang Nga.

Cuisine is also an element of the culture of any country. In Vietnam, the main components of dishes are rice and noodles. Seafood, as well as dishes made from pork, beef and chicken, are popular in the country. One of the most popular dishes is pho noodle soup. Vietnam is a country where you can taste exotic dishes - ostrich and crocodile meat, shark dishes, venison and snake. There is a stereotype that food in Vietnam is spicy. This is not entirely true. Almost all Vietnamese food is suitable for Europeans. The Vietnamese love to season their food with soy and fish sauces.

Vietnam is a socialist country and many of the orders and foundations here are very similar to those in the USSR: pioneers, councils, certificates and badges, as well as rather puritanical views in decent society (couples do not hug in public, many bathe exclusively in clothes or very closed swimsuits, women absolutely rarely drink and do not even always sit at the same table with the formal head of the family, despite complete management of the family budget). All this, of course, occurs in contrast to the ubiquitous small businesses, the presence of girls of easy virtue and soft drugs, which are quite openly offered to tourists on the streets of Saigon and resorts.

We see that the culture of Vietnam is a unique way of life, developing over millennia, currently built on the contrast of business and religion, socialism and capitalism, traditional way of life and modern achievements.

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