The history of the creation of the novel by Dubrovsky presentation. A.S. Pushkin “Dubrovsky”

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History of the novel The novel was not completed by the author. A.S. Pushkin worked on it from October 21, 1832 to February 6, 1833. He did not publish the unfinished novel. After the death of the writer, publishers released the novel, giving the title after the surname of the main character - “Dubrovsky”.

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Other sources... Pskov Boldino It is known that before starting work on the novel, Pushkin visited Boldino and Pskov, where similar cases of the Nizhny Novgorod landowners Dubrovsky, Kryukov, Muratov were considered. Pushkin heard Pskov legends about the revolt of the peasants of the landowner Dubrovsky, who offered armed resistance to the sent military team and declared that, on Dubrovsky’s orders, they would beat the landowners. Thus, the novel is based on true facts and life circumstances.

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Literary theory: A novel (French Roman - narrative) is a large narrative work, usually characterized by a variety of characters and a branching plot. Plot (French Sujet - subject, content) - the sequence and connection of events in a work of art. The novel takes place in the 1820s, i.e. during Pushkin's youth. The author writes about what he knows well and cares about.

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Conversation on the questions: What does it mean that Troekurov had “great weight in the provinces where his estate was located”? 2) What gave him such power? 3) How did neighbors and provincial officials treat Troekurov? 4) Why was Troekurov so rude and capricious? What did Troekurov do, how did he spend his time? 5) Why did Troekurov, “arrogant in relations with people of the highest rank,” respect Dubrovsky? 6) How does the incident at the kennel characterize Dubrovsky? 7) How did Troekurov react to the disappearance of Dubrovsky? Did Troekurov want to offend his friend? 8) What circumstance made reconciliation impossible? 9) What method of revenge does Troekurov choose? 10) How does Troekurov treat Shabashkin? How does Shabashkin act to fulfill Troekurov’s wishes? 11) How does Dubrovsky behave when he receives a letter from the court?

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Characteristics of Troekurov Kirila Petrovich Troekurov had power over people and could do as he pleased. Such power was given to him by “wealth, noble family and connections.” Neighbors and provincial officials treated him flatteringly, servilely, “were glad to please his slightest whims”; “Provincial officials trembled at his name.”

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Fun of the sovereign master Troekurov enjoyed all the rights of the sovereign master, who did not know anything to be refused. He was “uneducated,” spoiled, self-willed, with a “rather limited mind.” He spent his time in noisy and sometimes violent amusements, feasted, “suffered from gluttony,” drank, daily inventing “pranks”, the victims of which were his acquaintances - he essentially mocked them.

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Respect for Dubrovsky “Once they were comrades in the service”; “Being the same age, born in the same class, raised in the same way, they were somewhat similar in character and inclinations. In some respects, their fate was the same: both married for love, both were soon widowed.” Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky was proud and independent, although poor, “directly expressed his opinion”; Dubrovsky was an “experienced and subtle connoisseur of canine virtues”, an “ardent hunter” - all this aroused the respect of Troekurov.

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An incident at the kennel... Dubrovsky “could not resist some envy” at the sight of the magnificent kennel of a rich neighbor. The daring act of the hound, who felt his impunity, infuriated Dubrovsky - he “turned pale” and soon “disappeared” unnoticed: he was deeply offended and could not tolerate the humiliation.

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Actions and deeds of Troekurov: “he ordered to immediately catch up with him and bring him back without fail,” “he sent a second time,” for his neighbor. Having received a letter from the offended Dubrovsky: “I am not a joke, but an old nobleman,” Troekurov “thundered,” “jumped up,” then “scold the guests,” “deliberately drove through Dubrovsky’s fields,” “I was bored without him.” Conclusion: Troekurov did not want to offend Dubrovsky.

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Reconciliation is impossible... Resentment... Against Kistenevka!.. Dubrovsky punished the Troyekurov men who stole the forest from him - “well-known robbers.” Troekurov “lost his temper,” “he and all his servants wanted to launch an attack on Kistenevka, ruin it to the ground and besiege the landowner himself in his estate. Such exploits were not unusual for him” - a thirst for revenge flares up in Troekurov.

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Method of revenge We agreed... Troekurov chose the most vile method of revenge - he decided to illegally take away the estate from his former comrade: “That is the power to take away the estate without any right.” And to do this under the guise of legality, through the hands of others.

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Characteristics of Shabashkin His last name already speaks about this man. Appearance: “A small man in a leather cap and a frieze overcoat.” Behavior: he makes “bow after bow,” “reverently awaiting” Troekurov’s orders, “bowing to the ground” - he is ready to eagerly carry out Troekurov’s illegal plans, that is, to break the law, of which he himself was a representative.

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Communication with Troekurov Kirila Petrovich communicates with Shabashkin with disdain - he knows that everyone obeys him, including the “legalists”: “What is your name? Why did you come? Drink some vodka and listen.” Addresses the assessor as "you". Shabashkin worked for Troekurov, “acting on his behalf, intimidating and bribing judges and misinterpreting all kinds of decrees.”

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A letter from the court... Dubrovsky is “amazed”; he does not allow the thought that someone could encroach on his legal property. Shabashkin understands “that Dubrovsky knows little sense in business” and “that it would not be difficult to put a person so ardent and imprudent in the most disadvantageous position.”

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Assignment: choose the most successful title for Chapter II. “Poisoned Celebration” 2. “Dubrovsky’s Madness” 3. “Unjust Trial” 4. “Trial”

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Conversation on the questions: How were Dubrovsky and Troekurov received in court? 2) How did the officials behave after the court decision was announced? 3) How did the litigants behave? 4) Why didn’t the judges receive the expected gratitude from Troekurov? 5) Why did Troekurov need a trial? What was his goal? 6) How did the scene in the county court make you feel?

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In court... Troekurov was greeted “with expressions of deep servility” and was seated in a chair. “Nobody paid attention to Dubrovsky,” he “leaned against the wall while standing.”

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After the court decision was announced... “The assessor stood up and turned to Troekurov with a low bow,” “Troekurov came out... accompanied by the entire court.” The judges were counting on Troekurov's gratitude.

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The behavior of the main characters during the trial. Absolute pleasure... - Get out! Ham’s tribe!.. “The triumphant Troekurov... signed the court’s decision with his complete pleasure.” “Dubrovsky became motionless, with his head down.” The unfair, criminal decision of the court led Dubrovsky to sudden madness.

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Poisoned celebration “Dubrovsky’s sudden madness had a strong effect on his (Troekurov’s) imagination and poisoned his triumph.” Troekurov realized that he had gone too far. His conscience spoke to him. The whole idea with the trial turned into a real disaster for Dubrovsky - his mind became clouded. Troekurov did not want this at all.

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Kirila Petrovich wanted to punish his disobedient neighbor. He didn’t need Kistenevka; he had enough of his own estates, his own wealth. He wanted to break Dubrovsky’s pride and independence, to trample his dignity. But, of course, he did not want to drive the enemy to madness.

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Conversation on the questions: How has Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky changed since the trial? 2) What was life like for Dubrovsky’s son in St. Petersburg? 3) What was the relationship between father and son Dubrovsky? 4) How did Vladimir take the news of his father’s illness? 5) How do the serfs of Troekurov and Dubrovsky treat their masters? 6) How do the Dubrovskys themselves relate to their serfs? 7) How do the estates of Troekurov and Dubrovsky appear? 8) How did father and son meet?

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Dubrovsky’s condition after the trial “Health was poor,” “his strength was weakening.” “I was unable to think about my affairs and business orders.”

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Life of a son in St. Petersburg Vladimir “was brought to St. Petersburg in the eighth year of his age,” “he was brought up in the cadet corps and was released as a cornet into the guard; his father spared nothing for his decent maintenance, and the young man received more from home than he should have expected. Being wasteful and ambitious, he allowed himself luxurious whims, played cards and went into debt.”

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Relationship between father and son Vladimir “lost his mother from an early age”, he was “romantically attached to his father and loved family life the more, the less he had time to enjoy its quiet joys.”

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Landowners and their serfs Troekurov Dubrovsky “Troekurov treated the serfs and serfs... strictly and capriciously, but they were vain about the wealth and glory of their master and, in turn, allowed themselves a lot in relation to their neighbors, hoping for his strong patronage.” The old coachman Anton exclaims about Troekurov’s serfs: “God forbid and deliver: sometimes even his own people have a bad time, but if they get strangers, he will not only skin them, but also tear off their meat.” The Dubrovsky serfs treat their masters differently, with sincere devotion: “We don’t need anyone but you, our breadwinner. Don’t give us away, and we’ll stand for you.” When Vladimir arrived in Kistenevka, “the servants poured out of the people’s huts and surrounded the young master with noisy expressions of joy. He was able to force his way through their zealous crowd.” The Dubrovskys treat their serfs humanely, do not despise them, do not rob them. The peasants understood what fate awaited them if they ended up with Troekurov.

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Troekurov's estate Kistenevka Dubrovsky Everything in Troekurov's estate is large-scale, thorough, speaks of its wealth: “a wide lake”, “a river... meandered in the distance”, “the dense greenery of a grove”, “a huge stone house”, “a five-domed church”. The Dubrovsky estate is contrasted with the scope of the Troyekurov estates: a “gray house with a red roof” stands in an “open place”, next to a birch grove, the “poor house” seems defenseless. The estate was affected by desolation: “The yard, once decorated with three regular flower beds, between which there was a wide road, carefully swept, was turned into an unmown meadow.”

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The meeting Vladimir “fervently embraced his father.” “The joy produced too strong a shock in the patient, he weakened, his legs gave way under him, and he would have fallen if his son had not supported him.” The old man got worse. “Vladimir was amazed at his condition.”

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Father and son Dubrovsky met under dramatic circumstances. A well-established, carefree life in general was crumbling before our eyes. The fourth chapter is preceded by an epigraph: “Where there was a table of food, there the coffin stands.” It was taken by Pushkin from Derzhavin’s ode (let’s remember what role Derzhavin played in Pushkin’s fate) “On the Death of Prince Meshchersky.” Note that the remaining chapters do not have an epigraph. This means that this chapter is given special significance.

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Conversation on the questions: How did events develop upon the arrival of young Dubrovsky to his native estate? 2) What feelings does Troekurov experience when informed that he is now the owner of Kistenevka? How do these feelings become clear to us, as Pushkin portrayed them? 3) Why did Vladimir order Troekurov to be expelled? 4) Retell the episode “The Three Kurovs in the Dubrovskys’ Courtyard.” 5) How do you understand the meaning of the epigraph to Chapter IV?

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Loss of the estate Vladimir could not figure out what really happened and what role Troekurov played in the whole matter - his father was not able to do this, they did not have an attorney. Kistenevka officially went to Troekurov. The Dubrovskys were no longer masters of their estate.

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Troyekurov’s confusion “Kirila Petrovich was confused. He was not selfish by nature, the desire for revenge led him too far, his conscience grumbled... Victory did not please his heart.” Troekurov’s confusion is shown as follows: he “began to pace back and forth, whistling “Roll the thunder of victory,” which always meant an extraordinary excitement of thoughts in him.” Troekurov wants to take out his unusual state of embarrassment and dissatisfaction with himself on others: “He looked menacingly at Shabashkin, looking for something to get attached to in order to scold him...” “Satisfied revenge and lust for power drowned out to some extent nobler feelings, but the latter finally triumphed. In the end, Troekurov decides to make peace with his neighbor and “return him his property.”

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Troekurov in the Dubrovsky yard, Vladimir ordered Troekurov to be kicked out, since he saw that his father “with a look of horror and anger” was pointing at Troekurov and falling unconscious. The younger Dubrovsky realized that Troekurov was the culprit of the trouble. “The servant joyfully ran to carry out his master’s orders,” and in front of all the servants who had come running to look at Troekurov, he announced that the master was telling him to get out or he was ordering him to “kick him out of the yard.” Hidden joy is visible on the faces of the serfs. The expression on Kirila Petrovich’s face instantly changed: his face “became gloomier than the night, he smiled with contempt, looked menacingly at the servants and walked at a pace near the yard.”

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Death of old Dubrovsky Epigraph: “Where there was food on the table, there the coffin stands.” The epigraph has a direct meaning - it describes the death of old Dubrovsky. They laid him on the very table at which he had sat for so many years, received guests, had dinner... Another meaning of the epigraph is more general, deeper: this is how life goes, its joys are instantly replaced by grief, human strength is nothing before the triumph of death. Let us title chapter IV “The Death of Old Dubrovsky.”

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Vladimir in the Kistenevskaya Grove Vladimir is trying to “drown out his spiritual sorrow”, he “walked without making out the road”, “he did not notice anything”, “thoughts, one darker than the other, were cramped in his soul... He felt his loneliness strongly. The future... appeared covered with menacing clouds. Enmity with Troekurov foreshadowed new misfortunes for him.” “He sat motionless for a long time..., looking at the quiet flow of the stream.” The hero’s state of mind corresponds to the state of nature: autumn, a cold day, half-naked trees, “boughs constantly touched and scratched him, his legs constantly got stuck in the swamp,” “he sat down on the cold turf.” The metaphor “menacing clouds” connects these states of man and nature. The stream, carrying away faded leaves, seemed to Vladimir “a true semblance of life.” He “wandered for a long time through an unfamiliar forest” - a metaphor that conveys the inner “wandering” of the hero, who still does not know what to do.

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Conversation on the questions: How do judicial officials who come to take away property behave? 2) How does Shabashkin behave at the beginning and at the end of the scene? 3) How did the peasants’ indignation grow? 4) How does Vladimir Dubrovsky behave? How does this characterize him?

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Transfer of the estate The police officer is still worried at the sight of Dubrovsky, he understands perfectly well that the estate is being taken away illegally: seeing Dubrovsky approaching, he grunted and said in a hoarse voice...” But, feeling Troekurov’s patronage behind him, he brazenly declares: “We came to bring this Kirila into possession Petrovich Troekurov and ask others to get out as quickly as possible.” “Who dared to open his mouth there?”, “Do you hear, you idiots?” The police officer feels confident and knows that he is the master of the situation.

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Shabashkin's behavior At first, Shabashkin “stood with his arms akimbo and proudly looked around him.” When a crowd of peasants rebelled and moved towards the officials, Shabashkin and others rushed into the hallway and locked the door behind them. Afterwards he “quietly unlocked the doors... and with humiliated bows began to thank Dubrovsky for his gracious intercession.” Shabashkin is a coward and a scoundrel, he is afraid of power, he is ready to humiliate himself and please.

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Outrage of the peasants The peasants first objected to the police chief, then “a murmur arose” in the ranks of the peasants, then the servants shouted: “Guys! Down with them!...Knit!” - and almost captured the officials.

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Dubrovsky's reaction Vladimir stops the rebellious peasants, admonishes them, promises to ask for mercy from the sovereign. Dubrovsky essentially saves officials from reprisals and acts nobly. He watches with contempt as Shabashkin humbly thanks him.

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Conversation on the questions: What feelings does Vladimir Dubrovsky experience in his father’s house, where the clerks are in charge? 2) When did Vladimir get the idea to burn the house down? 3) What was the blacksmith Arkhip up to? 4) Did Dubrovsky want the death of his clerks? 5) Why did the blacksmith Arkhip not spare the orders, but risk his life to save the cat?

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Farewell to his native nest, Vladimir understands that his life is broken: “It’s all over.” He is tormented by the fact that he must leave his home to the culprit of his father’s death, the man who ruined the family. He thinks with horror that everything that is dear to him is being violated by despicable people. “Terrible thoughts were born in his mind,” but he had not yet decided what to do.

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The idea of ​​burning down the house Vladimir saw a portrait of his mother and imagined what fate awaited him under the new owner. “Let him not get the sad house from which he drives me out,” he thought. While sorting out the papers, Vladimir read the correspondence of his father and mother, “plunging his soul into the world of family happiness, and did not notice how time passed.” Having come to his senses, he apparently made a final decision, “put the letters in his pocket, took the candle and left the office.” These letters were the most valuable and dear to him; they were the only thing he took with him and saved from the fire.

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Murder of clerks Vladimir met the blacksmith Arkhip in a dark hall - he was holding an ax in his hands - he wanted to kill the clerks. Dubrovsky dissuaded the blacksmith from killing them: “It’s not the orders’ fault”; he ordered Arkhip to unlock the doors to the hallway so that in the event of a fire the clerks could escape. Arkhip did not listen to the master and locked the doors. Having left, Dubrovsky did not find the fire itself and did not immediately learn about the death of the clerks.

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Arkhip’s behavior during the fire Arkhip “with an evil smile” looked at the fire, he did not feel sorry for the “cursed” clerks, in them he saw the culprits of the misfortunes of the masters and all their serfs, and considered revenge fair. Arkhip saves the cat - a helpless creature; leaving “God’s creature” to perish, from Arkhip’s point of view, is a sin.

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Working with illustrations Look at the illustrations by artists B. Kustodiev and B. Shmarinov “The Fire of Dubrovsky’s Estate.” Describe both pictures, compare them and answer the questions: 1) How are these images different? 2) What feeling does each of the drawings evoke?

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Drawing by Kustodiev The fire in Kistenevka is depicted in an unusually dynamic way in the drawing by B. Kustodiev. A sheaf of flame bursts into the night sky, snatching out the figures of fleeing peasants and the rushing silhouettes of clerks in the windows. The drawing conveys a feeling of anxiety and tension.

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Shmarinov's drawing B. Shmarinov depicts the fire differently. His style is strictly realistic. In the foreground he depicted the motionless figures of Vladimir Dubrovsky, nanny Egorovna, Arkhip the blacksmith, and peasants. They stand in the glow of the fire. Their faces are tense, angry, sad. The fire remains somewhere to the side.

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Conversation on the questions: What circumstances forced Vladimir Dubrovsky to become a robber? 2) Why did the courtyard peasants leave for Dubrovsky? 3) What is the perception of the leader of the robbers in the area? 4) Why didn’t the robbers touch Troekurov’s house? 5) Do you sympathize with Dubrovsky? Do you justify what he did?

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Deprived of everything... Dubrovsky was driven by a feeling of revenge, a desire for retribution for the injustice and cruelty with which he was deprived of everything: family, fortune, career, home. Dubrovsky did not call on the serfs to follow him, but they were sincerely devoted to their master and respected him. In addition, they understood that Troekurov would deal with them after everything that happened. The people said: “Our father, our breadwinner, we will die, we will not leave you, we will go with you.” Vladimir appointed the Kistenevskaya Grove as the meeting place and left. Thus, he took responsibility for the people devoted to him. This is how a gang of robbers was formed.

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The idea of ​​robbers The robbers “spread terror throughout all the surrounding areas,” they robbed travelers, post offices, and landowners’ houses, and set them on fire. “The leader of the gang was famous for his intelligence, courage and some kind of generosity.” Everyone was sure that it was Dubrovsky. It remains a mystery why the robbers did not touch Troekurov’s house. After all, Kirila Petrovich was mistaken in attributing the safety of his estates to “the fear that he managed to instill in the entire province... and the good police.” Dubrovsky had to take revenge on Troekurov.

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Assignment: choose the most successful title of Chapter VIII. “One of the main amusements of the Pokrovsky landowner” 2. “Deforge in the bear’s room” 3. “Alone with the bear” 4. “Brave teacher”

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Conversation on the questions: What is the significance of the introduction to Chapter VIII? 2) What kind of relationship did Masha and Kiril Petrovich have? 3) How does the author himself characterize Masha? 4) How did Troekurov react to the appearance of Deforge? 5) Why didn’t Masha pay attention to the teacher at first? 6) What impression did Masha make on Deforge? 7) What “noble amusements” of Troekurov do we learn about from this chapter? How does the author feel about them? 8) How and why did the Troyekurovs’ attitude towards Deforge change?

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Introduction... Pushkin addresses the reader, paying tribute to his insight: “The reader has probably already guessed that the daughter of Kiril Petrovich... is the heroine of our story.” Thus, one gets the impression of the authenticity of the events described and a confidential tone of the narrative appears.

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Father and daughter “The father loved her madly” - let us remember that Troekurov, like his comrade Dubrovsky, married for love and were widowed early. The love for his wife was transferred to his daughter. Because of his wayward character, Troekurov treated Masha unevenly, either “trying to please her slightest whims, or frightening her with harsh and sometimes cruel treatment.” Masha “got used to hiding her thoughts and feelings from him” and did not trust her father because she did not know what to expect from him.

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Marya Kirillovna Masha was seventeen years old, “her beauty was in full bloom.” “She had no friends and grew up in solitude,” she read a lot. The author's obvious sympathy for Masha.

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The appearance of Deforge Troekurov liked the teacher “with his pleasant appearance and simple manner.” However, in his characteristically rude manner, he made a reprimand to the new teacher, which Masha translated into French, softening her father’s tactless expressions.

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Amazed... Masha was brought up in aristocratic prejudices, and “for her a teacher was a kind of servant or artisan, and a servant or artisan did not seem like a man to her.” Masha clearly amazed Deforge. The author does not directly say that Deforge fell in love with Masha; his feelings are shown indirectly, through Masha’s inattention: she did not notice “neither his embarrassment, nor his trepidation, nor his changed voice.”

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“Noble Amusements” of Troekurov Troekurov pitted bear cubs against cats and puppies, kept the animals on a chain, and amused himself by driving the bears into rage with a barrel studded with nails. Another fun thing was to harness bears to a cart, willy-nilly, put guests in the cart and let them “jump to the will of God.” But Troekurov’s “best joke” was to push a new guest into a room with a tied bear. The author’s attitude to Troekurov’s “amusements” is an ironic condemnation of wild morals, impunity and tyranny of the nobility in general.

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“I didn’t chicken out...” Deforge showed self-control and courage in the “bear room,” where he was pushed, wanting to amuse the master, and shot the bear. Kirila Petrovich was “amazed at the outcome of his joke” and praised the teacher: “What a great fellow!” I didn’t chicken out, by God, I didn’t chicken out! And “from that moment he fell in love with Deforge.” Masha was also amazed. The girl’s imagination was amazed: “she saw that courage and proud pride do not exclusively belong to one class, and from then on she began to show respect to the young teacher, which became more attentive hour by hour.”

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Author's Appeal At the end of the chapter, the author again addresses the reader: “Masha had a wonderful voice and great musical abilities; Deforge volunteered to give her lessons. After this, it is not difficult for the reader to guess that Masha fell in love with him, without even admitting it to herself.”

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Retelling with a change in the narrator's face: - on behalf of Marya Kirilovna - on behalf of Troekurov - on behalf of Dubrovsky-Deforge

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On behalf of Marya Kirilovna The retelling on behalf of Masha should be objective (Masha silently watches what is happening at dinner), with romantic details: she is an attentive, impressionable girl, the story about Dubrovsky’s noble deed should have made a strong impression on her.

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On behalf of Troekurov The retelling on behalf of Troekurov should reflect his self-confidence: after all, even mass (church service) is not started without him. Kirila Petrovich must be in a good mood; he does not suspect that Dubrovsky, whom he knew as a child, is sitting at the same table with him.

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On behalf of Dubrovsky-Deforge The retelling on behalf of Dubrovsky-Deforge should be restrained and triumphant: he remained unrecognized, although his signs were named by the police officer. He sits at the end of the table, making “moral remarks” to Sasha. The conversation over lunch, which lasted about three hours, always revolved around him. Dubrovsky retained his composure, did not betray his natural excitement, even when he heard Spitsyn’s story, and maintained the calm and imperturbable appearance of a man who does not understand what is being discussed at the table (after all, he is “French”).

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Details about the unjust trial Over dinner, Spitsyn obsequiously reminds Troekurov: “Am I not at your pleasure, i.e. in good conscience and in fairness, he showed that the Dubrovskys own Kistenevka without any right to do so, but solely due to your condescension.” That is, Spitsyn directly admits to perjury; This means that he is one of the culprits of the ruin and death of Dubrovsky’s father.

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Features of the composition: Chapter XI explains how Dubrovsky ended up in Troekurov’s house. That is, the chronological, temporal sequence of events is disrupted. Composition is the construction of a work of art, the arrangement and interrelation of all its parts, images, episodes. This was done to intrigue and interest the reader, to allow him to understand that Deforge is Dubrovsky, before the author explains. Parts of the story by A.S. Pushkin arranged them in a certain order, which is called composition.

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Conversation on the questions: How is the appearance of Deforge-Dubrovsky in Troekurov’s house explained? 2) How was the “teacher” treated in Troekurov’s house? 3) What made Vladimir Dubrovsky enter the Troekurovs’ house? Why didn't he take revenge on his enemy? 4) How does Marya Kirilovna feel about Dubrovsky? 5) What did Masha do to avoid marriage with Vereisky? 6) How do these actions characterize Marya Kirilovna?

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How did Dubrovsky become Deforge? In Chapter XI, the author continues the conversation with the reader, explaining “the last incidents of the story.” The action takes place in the stationmaster's house. The incident brought together the Frenchman Deforge at the post station, who was heading to Troekurov as a teacher, and Dubrovsky, who paid off the Frenchman by taking his documents and came with them to Troekurov’s house.

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Attitude to the “teacher” “Everyone loved the young teacher: Kirila Petrovich - for his bold agility in the hunt, Marya Kirilovna - for his unlimited diligence and timid attentiveness, Sasha - for his indulgence in his pranks, his family - for his kindness and generosity.”

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Reasons for entering Troekurov’s house We learn about this from Dubrovsky’s explanation with Marya Kirilovna. It seems that the young robber was looking for an opportunity to take revenge on Troekurov. Indeed, Dubrovsky made plans for revenge, but, having accidentally seen Masha, he fell in love with her, and his heart was humbled: “I realized that the house where you live is sacred, that not a single creature connected with you by blood ties is subject to my curse. I renounced revenge as madness.” This means that love for Masha, the desire to be near her, to see her constantly is the main reason for his risky act.

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Feelings of Marya Kirilovna Masha admitted to herself that her heart “was not indifferent to the merits of the young Frenchman.” She felt “that it would be indecent for her to hear... an explanation from a man who, due to his condition, could not hope to ever receive her hand,” because she is the daughter of a wealthy nobleman, an aristocrat. Having learned the truth from Dubrovsky himself, she was even more frightened by her feelings for him. Marriage to Prince Vereisky “frightened her like a chopping block, like a grave.” “No, no,” she repeated in despair, “it’s better to die, it’s better to go to a monastery, it’s better to marry Dubrovsky.” It turns out that she considers a possible marriage with Dubrovsky on a par with a monastery. To Dubrovsky’s words: “If they forcibly take you down the aisle in order to forever betray your fate into the power of your old husband,” Masha replies: “Then, then there is nothing to do, come for me, I will be your wife.”

About the novel The novel “Dubrovsky” was written in St. Petersburg, begun on October 21, 1832, completed on February 6, 1833. Published in 1842, after the death of the author, the title “Dubrovsky” was given by the publisher. The novel “Dubrovsky” was written in St. Petersburg, begun on October 21, 1832, and completed on February 6, 1833. Published in 1842, after the death of the author, the title “Dubrovsky” was given by the publisher.

The story “Dubrovsky,” carefully edited by Pushkin, was never published during the writer’s lifetime and, by all accounts, was considered unfinished. The story “Dubrovsky,” carefully edited by Pushkin, was never published during the writer’s lifetime and, by all accounts, was considered unfinished. One of the draft plans for the 3rd volume has been preserved. But, as Professor V. G. Marantsman writes, “the incompleteness of the novel, however, is very conditional. “Dubrovsky” in the form in which it exists is an artistic whole. The endings of many of Pushkin’s works, due to their unconventionality, create the impression of unfinished action... in the poet’s mind, life is inexhaustible. Perhaps for the same reason the genre of the work was not defined: Pushkin himself considered it a novel.” One of the draft plans for the 3rd volume has been preserved. But, as Professor V. G. Marantsman writes, “the incompleteness of the novel, however, is very conditional. “Dubrovsky” in the form in which it exists is an artistic whole. The endings of many of Pushkin’s works, due to their unconventionality, create the impression of unfinished action... in the poet’s mind, life is inexhaustible. Perhaps for the same reason the genre of the work was not defined: Pushkin himself considered it a novel.”

The real basis of the work In 1802, the landowner Dubrovsky from Nizhny Novgorod had his relative’s estate taken away by court. In 1802, the landowner Dubrovsky from Nizhny Novgorod had his relative's estate taken away by court. It is obvious that Boldin’s impressions, when the peasants demanded the removal of the manager, were also reflected in the work. And the setting of the story is the place of many peasant uprisings - the Volga region, the time of action is the 20s of the 18th century. It is obvious that Boldin’s impressions, when the peasants demanded the removal of the manager, were also reflected in the work. And the setting of the story is the place of many peasant uprisings - the Volga region, the time of action is the 20s of the 18th century. “The novel “Dubrovsky” was inspired by Nashchokin. He told Pushkin about one Belarusian poor nobleman named Ostrovsky (as the novel was originally called), who had a lawsuit with a neighbor for land, was forced out of the estate and, left with only peasants, began to rob, first the clerks, then others. Nashchokin saw this Ostrovsky prison.” “The novel “Dubrovsky” was inspired by Nashchokin. He told Pushkin about one Belarusian poor nobleman named Ostrovsky (as the novel was originally called), who had a lawsuit with a neighbor for land, was forced out of the estate and, left with only peasants, began to rob, first the clerks, then others. Nashchokin saw this Ostrovsky prison.”

The main conflict Pushkin’s thoughts about the relationship between man and society are also clearer, the idea that social law interferes with human relations. “Neither friendship nor love is able to unite people at different levels of the social ladder...” writes Professor V. G. Marantsman. The conflict is based on the inequality of the heroes before the law, the legal powerlessness of the heroes. Being poor and persecuted, Vladimir Dubrovsky protests against lawlessness and injustice, acts not in accordance with the circumstances, but in accordance with his feelings. This leads him to defeat in everything he does. And this elevates him in the eyes of the reader: in difficult life circumstances, he protests against despotism and always remains a man, a man of honor. Pushkin’s thoughts about the relationship between man and society, the idea that social law intervenes in human relations, are also clearer. “Neither friendship nor love is able to unite people at different levels of the social ladder...” writes Professor V. G. Marantsman. The conflict is based on the inequality of the heroes before the law, the legal powerlessness of the heroes. Being poor and persecuted, Vladimir Dubrovsky protests against lawlessness and injustice, acts not in accordance with the circumstances, but in accordance with his feelings. This leads him to defeat in everything he does. And this elevates him in the eyes of the reader: in difficult life circumstances, he protests against despotism and always remains a man, a man of honor.

Vladimir Dubrovsky Vladimir Dubrovsky Vladimir Dubrovsky is a guard cornet who lives on his father’s considerable salary. No different from his friends, being in the prime of his youth, Vladimir “allowed himself luxurious whims, played cards and went into debt, not caring about the future and envisioning sooner or later a rich bride, the dream of his poor youth.” Vladimir Dubrovsky is a guard cornet who lives on his father’s considerable salary. No different from his friends, being in the prime of his youth, Vladimir “allowed himself luxurious whims, played cards and went into debt, not caring about the future and envisioning sooner or later a rich bride, the dream of his poor youth.”

Dubrovsky is a man of honor. Pushkin's hero is an intelligent and comprehensively educated man. It was not difficult for him to pass himself off as a Frenchman, the teacher of Troekurov’s young son. In addition, he taught Sasha grammar and geography, and with Masha he studied singing and dancing. Pushkin's hero is an intelligent and comprehensively educated person. It was not difficult for him to pass himself off as a Frenchman, the teacher of Troekurov’s young son. In addition, he taught Sasha grammar and geography, and with Masha he studied singing and dancing. Many people envied the courage of young Dubrovsky. What did it mean just not to be afraid of the angry bear, and at the same time of its owner, Kiril Petrovich, and to shoot this bear. None of Troekurov’s guests could even imagine this. To fall out of favor with the Pokrovsky master - what could be worse! But Dubrovsky was not afraid. Moreover, by this act he forced the powerful master to respect himself even more. Many people envied the courage of young Dubrovsky. What did it mean just not to be afraid of the angry bear, and at the same time of its owner, Kiril Petrovich, and to shoot this bear. None of Troekurov’s guests could even imagine this. To fall out of favor with the Pokrovsky master - what could be worse! But Dubrovsky was not afraid. Moreover, by this act he forced the powerful master to respect himself even more.

Masha and Dubrovsky. Dubrovsky appears sincere, noble, gentle and timid on the pages dedicated to his meetings with Masha Troekurova. His love for the girl is so great that Vladimir even refuses to take revenge on her father, his sworn enemy. In other words, love leads him to the Christian commandment: not to respond to evil with evil, to forgive your enemy. Dubrovsky appears sincere, noble, gentle and timid on the pages dedicated to his meetings with Masha Troekurova. His love for the girl is so great that Vladimir even refuses to take revenge on her father, his sworn enemy. In other words, love leads him to the Christian commandment: not to respond to evil with evil, to forgive your enemy.

Masha Troekurova Masha Troekurova Masha grew up impressionable and responsive to the grief of others. Later, “having taken a break from writing all kinds of writing, she settled on novels,” which made her meek, sensitive and dreamy. Masha grew up impressionable and responsive to the grief of others. Later, “having taken a break from writing all kinds of writing, she settled on novels,” which made her meek, sensitive and dreamy. The sentimental novels that Masha read, her seventeen-year-old age, became the reason that the girl’s heart lived in anticipation of beautiful and ardent love. The sentimental novels that Masha read, her seventeen-year-old age, became the reason that the girl’s heart lived in anticipation of beautiful and ardent love.

An attempt to change fate When, on a date assigned to her by Deforge, Masha finds out the truth that he is none other than Dubrovsky, she is scared, but the timidity and tenderness in Vladimir’s voice make the girl believe him and not give up her love. When, on a date assigned to her by Deforge, Masha finds out the truth that he is none other than Dubrovsky, she is scared, but the timidity and tenderness in Vladimir’s voice make the girl believe him and not give up her love. On the second secret date, heartbroken that her father is going to marry her to an old, unloved man, Masha, despite public opinion, agrees to run away with her lover. And yet fate decreed otherwise - the escape did not take place. On the second secret date, heartbroken that her father is going to marry her to an old, unloved man, Masha, despite public opinion, agrees to run away with her lover. And yet fate decreed otherwise - the escape did not take place.

Doomed Before the wedding, Marya Kirilovna was pale and motionless, “her head bowed languidly under the weight of diamonds, she trembled slightly when a careless hand pricked her, but was silent, looking mindlessly in the mirror.” At the altar she “saw nothing, heard nothing” and was still waiting for Dubrovsky. But her expectations were in vain. Before the wedding, Marya Kirilovna was pale and motionless, “her head bowed languidly under the weight of diamonds, she trembled slightly when a careless hand pricked her, but remained silent, looking mindlessly in the mirror.” At the altar she “saw nothing, heard nothing” and was still waiting for Dubrovsky. But her expectations were in vain.

The fate of Masha and Vladimir The nobility of the soul, an extraordinary sense of responsibility and duty to her husband, albeit unloved, and to God forced Masha to refuse Dubrovsky’s belated help. The nobility of her soul, an extraordinary sense of responsibility and duty to her husband, although unloved, and to God forced Masha to refuse Dubrovsky’s belated help. She cannot break the oath of allegiance, because for her these are not just empty words, but a sacrament performed in heaven. The morality that the girl learned from childhood and with which her whole soul was imbued, taught her to be responsible for her words and actions. This is the dignity and life drama of Masha Troekurova. She cannot break the oath of allegiance, because for her these are not just empty words, but a sacrament performed in heaven. The morality that the girl learned from childhood and with which her whole soul was imbued, taught her to be responsible for her words and actions. This is the dignity and life drama of Masha Troekurova. Vladimir can only submit to fate and disappear from the life of his beloved. Vladimir can only submit to fate and disappear from the life of his beloved.

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A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". History of creation. Image of the Russian nobility. To literature lessons. Kolotukhina E.V.

History of creation “Dubrovsky” is an unfinished work on which Pushkin worked for 3.5 months (from October 1832 to February 1833). It was not published during the author’s lifetime. Messages: The life of peasants before the abolition of serfdom. 2. “Wild lordship.”

Literary terms A novel is a large narrative work, usually characterized by a variety of characters and a branching plot. General features and features of the plot: In the first place are images of ordinary people. An image of everyday life in all the diversity of its manifestations. Image of a person in complex forms of the life process. Multilinear plot, covering the fates of a number of characters.

Composition (Latin – “addition, composition”) - the construction of a work of art, the arrangement and relationship of all its parts, images and episodes. Plot (French - “subject, content”) - the sequence and connection of events in a work of art. How is the composition of the novel “Dubrovsky” structured?

Chapter 1. Who did we meet in the first chapter of the novel? Plan for revealing the hero's image: Characteristics. Location of the estate. Occupation of the owner of the estate.

Troekurov Kirill Petrovich

Dubrovsky Andrey Gavrilovich

Incident at the kennel How did a quarrel between two friends occur?

Comparative characteristics of Troekurov and Dubrovsky Sr. What brought them together? What makes it different? 1. Service comrades. 1. Material condition. 2. Peers. 2. Troekurov has a tough, domineering character, Dubrovsky Sr. has a straightforward and fair character. 3. partly similarity in character and inclinations. 3. Interaction with peasants. 4. Both married for love. 5. Both were widowed.

Chapter 2. Court scene.

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A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". Image of Vladimir Dubrovsky. To literature lessons. Kolotukhina E.V.

Checking d/z Oral drawing: description of Dubrovsky and Troekurov.

Chapter 3. Father and son. What is in Vladimir’s character from his father? What was Vladimir's life like in St. Petersburg? Why did Vladimir decide to go to Kistenevka? What was the relationship like between father and son?

Chapter 4. Death of the elder Dubrovsky.

Chapter 5. Funeral of Father Dubrovsky. What feelings does Vladimir experience? How does the author portray these feelings?

Judicial officials How do the judicial officials who came to take away the estate behave? Compare Shabashkin's behavior at the beginning and at the end of the scene?

Results What is the role of chapters 4 and 5 in the novel? How is the author's position manifested in the novel?

Literature: A.N. Zamyshlyaeva. Literature. 6th grade - Volgograd, 2014. N.V. Egorova. Lesson developments in literature. 6th grade - M.: VAKO, 2014. I.L. Chelysheva. Literature. 6th grade: plans and notes. - R-on-Don: Phoenix, 2015. Illustrations by artists: D. Shmarinova, V. Ermolova, B. Kustodiev.

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A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". Teacher Deforge. To literature lessons. Kolotukhina E.V.

Chapter 6. Fire in Kistenevka. What words does chapter 6 begin with? What feelings does Vladimir experience in his father’s house, where the clerks are in charge? What decision does Vladimir come to and why?

What does the artist depict in the foreground? What can we tell from their facial expressions and postures? Did the artist accurately convey the scene of the estate fire described by Pushkin?

Chapter 7. Robbers. What made Vladimir become a robber? How did a gang of robbers form? What is the perception of the leader of the robbers in the area?

Chapter 8. Teacher. Why didn’t Masha pay attention to Deforge at first? What impression did Masha make on the teacher?

What “noble amusements” of Troekurov did we learn about from this chapter? Does Troekurov's attitude towards Deforge change during this chapter?

Chapter 9. Lunch at Pokrovsky. What details of his father’s case did Vladimir learn about at the dinner party? Compare the stories of Globova and Spitsyn. Why didn’t any of the guests recognize Dubrovsky?

Chapter 10. Dubrovsky without a mask. What is the role of chapter 10 in the composition of the novel? Why did Spitsyn decide to spend the night in the same room with the teacher?

Results Why did Vladimir choose this particular path to defend the honor of his family? Could there have been other options? What would you do in Vladimir's place?

Literature: A.N. Zamyshlyaeva. Literature. 6th grade - Volgograd, 2014. N.V. Egorova. Lesson developments in literature. 6th grade - M.: VAKO, 2014. I.L. Chelysheva. Literature. 6th grade: plans and notes. - R-on-Don: Phoenix, 2015. Illustrations by artists: D. Shmarinova, V. Ermolova, B. Kustodiev.

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A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". Vladimir Dubrovsky and Masha Troekurova. To literature lessons. Kolotukhina E.V.

Checking d/z Title options for chapters 11-16.

Summary What is the role of chapters 11-16 in the novel?

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A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". Highlighting episodes from chapter 17. For literature lessons. Kolotukhina E.V.

Checking d/z Title options for Chapter 17:

Chapter 17 What role does one small object play in this chapter?

Characteristics of Sasha and Mitya

Isolating episodes from Chapter 17 An episode is an independent excerpt, a fragment of a work of art.

Results What is your attitude towards both boys? What is the role of this chapter in the novel?

Literature: A.N. Zamyshlyaeva. Literature. 6th grade - Volgograd, 2014. N.V. Egorova. Lesson developments in literature. 6th grade - M.: VAKO, 2014. I.L. Chelysheva. Literature. 6th grade: plans and notes. - R-on-Don: Phoenix, 2015. Illustrations by artists: D. Shmarinova, V. Ermolova, B. Kustodiev and others.

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A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". The denouement of the novel. To literature lessons. Kolotukhina E.V.

Checking d/z Title options for chapters 18,19:

Chapter 18. “Chained forever...” How are preparations for the wedding going, how do the heroes behave? Does Masha accept Dubrovsky's help?

Chapter 19. Robbers. Description of the robbers (p. 134). Why did Dubrovsky leave his peasants?

Results What is the main idea, the idea of ​​the work? Who is the bearer of this idea? What is the author condemning? How do you see this novel ending?

Essay topics: Why did Vladimir Dubrovsky become a robber? Why didn’t Masha Troekurova accept “liberation” from the hands of Dubrovsky? “The nobility of souls is indestructible”! The further history of the heroes of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky".

Homework Choose a topic for an essay, write a concise plan, select material. Bring an 18-sheet lined essay book with a green cover for your essay.

Literature: A.N. Zamyshlyaeva. Literature. 6th grade - Volgograd, 2014. N.V. Egorova. Lesson developments in literature. 6th grade - M.: VAKO, 2014. I.L. Chelysheva. Literature. 6th grade: plans and notes. - R-on-Don: Phoenix, 2015. Illustrations by artists: D. Shmarinova, V. Ermolova, B. Kustodiev and others.

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A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". RR. Preparing for your home essay. To literature lessons. Kolotukhina E.V.

What is an essay? Why do we write them? How do you think an essay can be valuable? How to make your essay meaningful, interesting, enjoyable, and impressive?

Topic: “Why did Vladimir Dubrovsky become a robber?” Brief history of the hero: parents; upbringing; character.

2. Why did Vladimir Dubrovsky become a robber? A letter from home that disrupted a smooth life. Feelings of guilt and responsibility. The illness and death of the father, vague information about the culprit of all misfortunes - Troekurov. Troekurov's tyranny (unfair trial, perjury, bribed officials). Vladimir’s last night in his home, the desire to take revenge on Troekurov. Responsibility for the serfs who shared their fate. Dubrovsky opens up to Masha, explaining why he became a robber. Dubrovsky - “noble robber”

Topic: “Why didn’t Masha Troekurova accept “liberation” from the hands of Dubrovsky?” Masha Troekurova is on the verge of marriage: The proposal of the old red tape Vereisky. Vladimir’s confession that he is Dubrovsky and is ready to help.

2. Kirila Petrovich speeds up the course of events: “There will be a wedding tomorrow and that’s it…” Follow Vereisky - listen to your father. To rush after Dubrovsky is a decision against the father.

3. Falling in love, but not Masha’s love.

Topic: “The indestructible nobility of souls!” Noble - capable of sacrificing personal interests, impeccably honest. From the 13th century to the beginning of the 2nd century, the word NOBLE meant “belonging to the noble class, noble.” In what meaning is the word NOBLE used in the title of the topic?

What and for what do Vladimir and Masha sacrifice? What quotes from the novel can you cite in your essay to prove the nobility of these heroes?

Are there other noble heroes in the novel? Is Arkhip noble?

Plan. What is nobility? Noble heroes and actions in the novel. Is there such a thing as a “glorious” robber? Have I met noble people?

Results Which topic will you choose? Why?

Homework: Write an essay in a notebook for creative work on literature. Ext.Thurs. About “Tales of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin” (pp. 143-144) - read the article. “Peasant young lady”: expresses. Reading, retelling. Draw Akulina's sundress (optional).

Literature: A.N. Zamyshlyaeva. Literature. 6th grade - Volgograd, 2014. N.V. Egorova. Lesson developments in literature. 6th grade - M.: VAKO, 2014. I.L. Chelysheva. Literature. 6th grade: plans and notes. - R-on-Don: Phoenix, 2015. Illustrations by artists: D. Shmarinova, V. Ermolova, B. Kustodiev and others.

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A.S. Pushkin. Novel "Dubrovsky".

Cards for independent work.