Pierre's thoughts after the Battle of Borodino. Pierre at the Battle of Borodino

Pierre at the Battle of Borodino

1. The picture of the Borodino battle in the novel is given through the perception of a civilian, Pierre Bezukhov. He understands little about strategy and tactics, but he perceives everything that happens with the heart and soul of a patriot.
   Pierre himself could not explain why he went to the Borodino field. He only knew that it was impossible to stay in Moscow. He wanted to see with his own eyes that incomprehensible and majestic thing that was about to happen in his fate and the fate of Russia, and
   also see Prince Andrei, who was able to explain to him everything that was happening.
   It is not curiosity alone that drives Pierre to Borodino; he wants to be among the people, where the fate of Russia is being decided.
   And Pierre is not just an idle contemplator of what is happening, he tries to be useful, rushes about, ends up not where he would like, but where fate has destined: the general, whom Pierre was galloping after, went down the mountain, turned sharply to the left, and Pierre, having lost him from kind of jumped into the ranks of infantry soldiers... Why is he running around in the middle of the battalion? one shouted at him... He (Pierre) never thought that this was the battlefield. He did not hear the sounds of bullets screaming from all sides, or shells flying over him, he did not see the enemy who was on the other side of the river, and for a long time he did not see the dead and wounded, although many fell not far from him... What is this guy driving in front of the line? someone shouted at him again...
   Clumsy, huge in stature, wearing a white hat, at first he unpleasantly struck the soldiers, but then with his calmness he won them over. These soldiers immediately mentally accepted Pierre into their family, appropriated and gave him the nickname Our Master.
   Pierre, by the will of fate, ended up on the Raevsky battery, decisive events took place here, as historians would later write, but even without them it seemed to Bezukhov that this place (precisely because he was on it) was one of the most significant places of the battle. The half-blind eyes of a civilian cannot see the full scale of events, but only locally, what is happening around. And here, as if in a drop of water, all the drama of the battle, its incredible intensity, rhythm, and tension from what was happening was reflected.
   The battery changed hands several times. Pierre fails to remain a contemplative; he actively participates in protecting the battery, but does everything on a whim, out of a sense of self-preservation. Bezukhov is scared of what is happening, he naively thinks that... now they (the French) will leave it, now they will be horrified by what they did!
   But the sun, obscured by smoke, still stood high, and in front, and especially to the left of Semyonovsky, something was boiling in the smoke, and the roar of shots, shooting and cannonade not only did not weaken, but intensified to the point of despair, like a man who, struggling , screams with all his might. For several hours in a row, either foot or horse fought with each other, shooting, clashing, not knowing what to do. The adjutants reported conflicting information, as the situation was constantly changing.

What is formed in the family, according to L.N. Tolstoy. Life principles of the Bolkonsky family. What is needed for happiness. Family. Life principles of the Rostov family. Lesson topic. Rostov. Inductor. Gap. War and Peace. Bolkonsky. The Rostov family. Bolkonsky. D. Shmarinov. Kuragins. Life principles of the Kuragin family. Socioconstruction. Dementy Shmarinov. Kuragins. What is family. Family thought. Family. "War and Peace" through the eyes of artists.

“The history of the creation of “War and Peace”” - Chronology of the novel. The principle of nepotism. The principle of comparison and contrast. Work. Historical fact. Epic. Universe. The originality of artistic techniques. Artistic features of the novel. Three pores. Working on a novel. Modernity through the eyes of the Decembrist. Pictures of history. Dialectics of the soul. Tale. The history of the creation of the novel "War and Peace". No war. The scenes are family and historical.

“Battle of Shengraben” - A strategically important victory. The Russians won at Schöngraben. A complex, painful feeling of duality. Is Rostov created for battles? War. Summary of the episode analysis. The first picture of the war. Participants. Who did Nikolai think about when he was afraid of death, and who did he turn to for help? Battle of Shengraben. What do the heroes of the novel think about the War of 1805? Results of the review. Zherkov. Reasons for the victory at Shengraben. What role did Captain Timokhin play in the battle?

“The Bolkonsky Family” - Andrei Bolkonsky is a purposeful person, not devoid of ambition. The Bolkonskys are extremely active people. The third generation of Bolkonskys is Nikolenka, the son of Andrei. Nikolai Andreevich. Disappointment overtakes Prince Andrey in the army. The active activities of the family have always been directed to the people and the Motherland. Andrey Bolkonsky. The Bolkonskys are true patriots. The Bolkonsky family is described with undoubted sympathy. Prince Nikolai Andreevich is certainly an extraordinary person.

““War and Peace” book” - “Moscow... was empty, like a dying hive is empty.” Andrey Bolkonsky. Russian man. Battle for Smolensk. Kutuzov's strength and greatness are manifested in his ability to feel sorry for and save people. Guerrilla warfare. Patriotism of the Rostovs. "People's Thought" in the novel. How Kutuzov led the “spirit of the army.” What goal do Kutuzov and Napoleon pursue when entering the war? Bolkonsky on the eve of the battle. Unity. Leaving Moscow.

“Tolstoy’s book “War and Peace”” - Direction of the Yasnaya Polyana magazine. No efforts of the French could break the will of the Russians. August, 26th. Great historical event. Pierre. The army won. What force controls everything? Moral strength. There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth. Painful impressions. History is created by the most powerful force in the world - the people. School for peasant children. Sleeping in an inn. Assault on Raevsky's battery.

Description of the Battle of Borodino occupies twenty chapters of the third volume of War and Peace. This is the center of the novel, its culmination, the decisive moment in the life of the entire country and many of the heroes of the work. Here the paths of the main characters cross: Pierre meets Dolokhov, Prince Andrei meets Anatole, here each character is revealed in a new way, and here for the first time the enormous force that won the war manifests itself - the people, the men in white shirts.

The picture of the Battle of Borodino in the novel is given through the perception of a civilian, Pierre Bezukhov, the most seemingly unsuitable hero for this purpose, who understands nothing in military affairs, but perceives everything that happens with the heart and soul of a patriot. The feelings that possessed Pierre in the first days of the war will become the beginning of his moral rebirth, but Pierre does not yet know about it. “The worse the state of affairs, and especially his affairs, the more pleasant it was for Pierre...” For the first time, he felt not alone, a useless owner of enormous wealth, but part of a single multitude of people. Having decided to travel from Moscow to the battlefield, Pierre experienced “a pleasant feeling of awareness that everything that makes up people’s happiness, the convenience of life, wealth, even life itself, is nonsense that is pleasant to discard in comparison with something...”

This feeling is naturally born in an honest person when the common misfortune of his people hangs over him. Pierre does not know that Natasha, Prince Andrei will experience the same feeling in burning Smolensk and in Bald Mountains, as well as many thousands of people. It was not curiosity alone that prompted Pierre to go to Borodino; he sought to be among the people, where the fate of Russia was being decided.

On the morning of August 25, Pierre left Mozhaisk and approached the location of the Russian troops. Along the way, he met numerous carts with wounded, and one old soldier asked: “Well, fellow countryman, will they put us here, or what? Ali to Moscow? There is not only hopelessness in this question, but the same feeling that possesses Pierre is felt in it. And another soldier, who met Pierre, said with a sad smile: “Today I’ve seen not only soldiers, but also peasants! They drive out the peasants too... Nowadays they don’t understand... They want to attack all the people, one word - Moscow. They want to make one end.” If Tolstoy had shown the day before the Battle of Borodino through the eyes of Prince Andrei or Nikolai Rostov, we would not have been able to see these wounded people or hear their voices. Neither Prince Andrei nor Nikolai would have noticed all this, because they are professional military men accustomed to the horrors of war. But for Pierre all this is unusual; like an inexperienced viewer, he notices all the smallest details. And looking with him, the reader begins to understand both him and those with whom he met near Mozhaisk: “the comforts of life, wealth, even life itself, is nonsense that is pleasant to discard in comparison with something...”

And at the same time, all these people, each of whom could be killed or maimed tomorrow - they all live today, without thinking about what awaits them tomorrow, look with surprise at Pierre’s white hat and green tailcoat, laugh and wink at the wounded. The name of the field and the village next to it has not yet gone down in history: the officer whom Pierre addressed still confuses him: “Burdino or what?” But on the faces of all the people Pierre met there was a noticeable “expression of consciousness of the solemnity of the coming moment,” and this consciousness was so serious that during the prayer service even the presence of Kutuzov with his retinue did not attract attention: “the militia and soldiers, without looking at him, continued to pray.”

“In a long frock coat on a huge body, with a stooped back, with an open white head and with a leaking, white eye on a swollen face,” this is how we see Kutuzov before the Battle of Borodino. Kneeling down in front of the icon, he then “tried for a long time and could not get up from heaviness and weakness.” This senile heaviness and weakness, physical weakness, emphasized by the author, enhances the impression of spiritual power emanating from him. He kneels before the icon, like all people, like the soldiers whom he will send into battle tomorrow. And just like them, he feels the solemnity of the present moment.

But Tolstoy reminds us that there are other people who think differently: “For tomorrow, great rewards should be given out and new people brought forward.” The first among these “hunters of awards and promotions” is Boris Drubetskoy, in a long frock coat and with a whip over his shoulder, like Kutuzov. With a light, free smile, he first, confidentially lowering his voice, scolds Pierre's left flank and condemns Kutuzov, and then, noticing the approaching Mikhail Illarionovich, praises both his left flank and the commander-in-chief himself. Thanks to his talent to please everyone, he “managed to stay at the main apartment” when Kutuzov kicked out many like him. And at this moment he managed to find words that might be pleasant to Kutuzov, and he said them to Pierre, hoping that the commander-in-chief would hear them: “The militia - they directly put on clean, white shirts to prepare for death. What heroism, Count! Boris calculated correctly: Kutuzov heard these words, remembered them - and with them Drubetskoy.

Pierre’s meeting with Dolokhov is also not accidental. It is impossible to believe that Dolokhov, a reveler and a brute, can apologize to anyone, but he does it: “I am very glad to meet you here, Count,” he told him loudly and without being embarrassed by the presence of strangers, with particular decisiveness and solemnity. “On the eve of the day on which God knows which of us is destined to survive, I am glad to have the opportunity to tell you that I regret the misunderstandings that existed between us, and I would like you not to have anything against me.” Please forgive me."

Pierre himself could not explain why he went to the Borodino field. He only knew that it was impossible to stay in Moscow. He wanted to see with his own eyes that incomprehensible and majestic thing that was about to happen in his fate and the fate of Russia, and also to see Prince Andrei, who was able to explain to him everything that was happening. Only he could Pierre trust, only from him did he expect important words at this decisive moment in his life. And they met. Prince Andrey behaves coldly, almost hostilely, towards Pierre. Bezukhov, with his very appearance, reminds him of his former life, and most importantly, of Natasha, and Prince Andrei wants to forget about her as quickly as possible. But, having gotten into conversation, Prince Andrei did what Pierre expected of him - he expertly explained the state of affairs in the army. Like all soldiers and most officers, he considers the greatest good the removal of Barclay and the appointment of Kutuzov to the post of commander-in-chief: “While Russia was healthy, a stranger could serve her, and there was an excellent minister, but as soon as she is in danger, she needs her own, dear Human".

For Prince Andrei, as for all soldiers, Kutuzov is a man who understands that the success of the war depends on “the feeling that is in me, in him,” he pointed to Timokhin, “in every soldier.” This conversation was important not only for Pierre, but also for Prince Andrei. Expressing his thoughts, he himself clearly understood and fully realized how sorry he was for his life and his friendship with Pierre. But Prince Andrei is his father’s son, and his feelings will not manifest themselves in any way. He almost forcibly pushed Pierre away from him, but, saying goodbye, “quickly walked up to Pierre, hugged him and kissed him...”

August 26 - the day of the Battle of Borodino - through the eyes of Pierre we see a beautiful sight: the bright sun breaking through the fog, flashes of gunfire, “lightning of the morning light” on the bayonets of the troops... Pierre, like a child, wanted to be where these smokes were, these shiny bayonets and guns, this movement, these sounds.” For a long time he still did not understand anything: having arrived at the Raevsky battery, “I never thought that this ... was the most important place in the battle,” and did not notice the wounded and killed. In Pierre's view, war should be a solemn event, but for Tolstoy it is hard and bloody work. Together with Pierre, the reader is convinced that the writer is right, watching with horror the progress of the battle.

Each one occupied his own niche in the battle, fulfilled his duty honestly or not. Kutuzov understands this very well, almost does not interfere in the course of the battle, trusting the Russian people, for whom this battle is not a vanity game, but a decisive milestone in their life and death. Pierre, by the will of fate, ended up on the “Raevsky battery”, where decisive events took place, as historians would later write. But to Bezukhov, even without them, “it seemed that this place (precisely because he was on it) was one of the most significant places of the battle.” The blind eyes of a civilian cannot see the full scale of events, but only what is happening around. And here, as if in a drop of water, all the drama of the battle, its incredible intensity, rhythm, and tension from what was happening was reflected. The battery changes hands several times. Pierre fails to remain a contemplative; he actively participates in protecting the battery, but does everything on a whim, out of a sense of self-preservation. Bezukhov is scared of what is happening, he naively thinks that “... now they (the French) will leave it, now they will be horrified by what they did! But the sun, obscured by smoke, still stood high, and in front, and especially to the left of Semyonovsky, something was boiling in the smoke, and the roar of shots, shooting and cannonade not only did not weaken, but intensified to the point of despair, like a man who, struggling , screams with all his might.”

Tolstoy sought to show the war through the eyes of its participants and contemporaries, but sometimes looked at it from the point of view of a historian. Thus, he drew attention to poor organization, successful and unsuccessful plans that collapsed due to the mistakes of military leaders. By showing military operations from this side, Tolstoy pursued another goal. At the beginning of the third volume, he says that war is “an event contrary to human reason and all human nature.” There was no justification for the last war at all, because it was fought by emperors. There was truth in this war: when the enemy comes to your land, you are obliged to defend yourself, which is what the Russian army did. But be that as it may, war still remained a dirty, bloody affair, as Pierre understood at the Raevsky battery.

The episode when Prince Andrey was wounded cannot leave the reader indifferent. But the most offensive thing is that his death is meaningless. He did not rush forward with a banner, as at Austerlitz, he was not on the battery, as at Shengraben - he only walked across the field, counting his steps and listening to the noise of shells. And at that moment he was overtaken by an enemy core. The adjutant standing next to Prince Andrei lay down and shouted to him: “Get down!” Bolkonsky stood and thought that he did not want to die, and “at the same time, he remembered that they were looking at him.” Prince Andrei could not do otherwise. He, with his sense of honor, with his noble valor, could not lie down. In any situation there are people who cannot run, cannot remain silent and cannot hide from danger. Such people usually die, but remain heroes in the memory of others.

The prince was mortally wounded; was bleeding, Russian troops stood on occupied lines. Napoleon was horrified, he had never seen anything like this: “two hundred guns are aimed at the Russians, but... the Russians are still standing...” He dared to write that the battlefield was “magnificent,” but it was covered with the bodies of thousands, hundreds thousands killed and wounded, but Napoleon was no longer interested in this. The main thing is that his vanity is not satisfied: he did not win a crushing and brilliant victory. Napoleon at this time “yellow, swollen, heavy, with dull eyes, a red nose and a hoarse voice... sat on a folding chair, involuntarily listening to the sounds of gunfire... He awaited with painful melancholy the end of the matter that he considered himself the cause of, but whom I couldn’t stop.”

Here Tolstoy shows it as natural for the first time. On the eve of the battle, he took care of his toilet for a long time and with pleasure, then received a courtier who had arrived from Paris and performed a small performance in front of the portrait of his son. For Tolstoy, Napoleon is the embodiment of vanity, the very thing that he hates in Prince Vasily and Anna Pavlovna. A real person, according to the writer, should not care about the impression he makes, but should calmly surrender to the will of events. This is how he portrays the Russian commander. “Kutuzov sat, with his gray head drooping and his heavy body slumped, on a carpeted bench, in the very place where Pierre had seen him in the morning. He did not make any orders, but only agreed or disagreed with what was offered to him.” He doesn't fuss, trusting people to take initiative where needed. He understands the meaninglessness of his orders: everything will be as it will be, he does not bother people with petty care, but believes in the high spirit of the Russian army.

The great humanist L.N. Tolstoy truthfully and accurately reflected the events of August 26, 1812, giving his own interpretation of the most important historical event. The author denies the decisive role of personality in history. It was not Napoleon and Kutuzov who led the battle; it went as it should have gone, as thousands of people participating in it on both sides were able to “turn” it. An excellent battle painter, Tolstoy was able to show the tragedy of war for all participants, regardless of nationality. The truth was on the side of the Russians, but they killed people, they themselves died for the sake of the vanity of one “little man.” Speaking about this, Tolstoy seems to “warn” humanity against wars, against senseless hostility and against bloodshed.

One of the main problems that Tolstoy poses in the novel “War and Peace” is the problem of human happiness, the problem of searching for the meaning of life. His favorite heroes are Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov - seeking, tormented, suffering natures. They are characterized by a restless soul, a desire to be useful, needed, loved. In the lives of both, several stages can be distinguished at which their worldview changes and a certain turning point occurs in their souls. We meet Andrei Bolkonsky in the salon of Anna Pavlovna Sherer. There is boredom and fatigue on the prince's face. “This life is not for me,” he tells Pierre. Striving for useful activity, Prince Andrey goes to the army, dreaming of his glory. But romantic ideas about honor and glory dissipated on the Field of Austerlitz. Lying on the battlefield, seriously wounded, Prince Andrei sees the high sky above him, and everything he dreamed of before seems to him “empty,” “deception.” He realized that there is something more important in life than fame.

Having met his idol Napoleon, Bolkonsky is disappointed in him: “At that moment all the interests that occupied Napoleon seemed so insignificant to him, his hero himself seemed so petty to him...” Disappointed in his previous aspirations and ideals, having experienced grief and repentance, Andrei comes to the conclusion that living for himself and his loved ones is the only thing left for him. But Bolkonsky’s active, ebullient nature cannot be content with just his family circle. Slowly he returns to life, to people. Pierre and Natasha help him get out of this mental state.

“You have to live, you have to love, you have to believe” - these words of Pierre make Prince Andrei see the world in a new way, with new colors, with the awakening spring. The desire for activity and fame returns to him. He goes to St. Petersburg, where his government activities begin in the Speransky commission. But disappointment soon followed, as Prince Andrei realized that this work was far from the vital interests of the people.

He is again close to a spiritual crisis, from which his love for Natasha Rostova saves him. Bolkonsky gives himself over completely to his feelings. The break with Natasha became a tragedy for him: “It was as if the endless vault of the sky that stood above him had turned into a low, oppressive vault, in which... there was nothing eternal and mysterious.” The Patriotic War of 1812 dramatically changed the hero's life path. She found Prince Andrei in confusion, thinking about the insult inflicted on him. But personal grief was drowned in the people's grief. The invasion of the French aroused in him a desire to fight, to be with the people. He returns to the army and takes part in the Battle of Borodino. Here he realizes that he is part of the people, and the fate of Russia depends on him, like many soldiers. The path to improvement of Andrei Bolkonsky passes through the blood, death and suffering of people in war.

Physical pain after being wounded and mental pain at the sight of suffering people lead Prince Andrei to understand the truth about the need for love for one’s neighbor, for the forgiveness of human sins, thereby bringing him closer to spiritual perfection. Prince Andrei knows that he has one last path left to go, but he no longer he is afraid of death, because he has managed to overcome mental suffering, and physical suffering no longer frightens him. It was before his death that he forgives Anatoly Kuragin. He clearly understands the depth of Natasha’s soul, forgives her everything and says: “I love you more, better than before.” For Andrei, the war served as the test that is necessary for the moral self-purification of a person on the path of knowing the truth of God.

Like Andrei Bolkonsky, Pierre is also characterized by deep thoughts and doubts in search of the meaning of life. At first, due to his youth and under the influence of the environment, he makes many mistakes: he leads the reckless life of a social reveler and slacker, allows Prince Kuragin to rob himself and marry the frivolous beauty Helen. The moral shock Pierre experienced in his clash with Dolokhov awakens remorse in him. He begins to hate the lies of secular society, he often thinks about the question of the meaning of human life. This leads him to Freemasonry, which he understood as the doctrine of equality, brotherhood and love. He sincerely strives to alleviate the situation of his peasants, right up to their liberation from serfdom. Here Pierre comes into contact with the folk environment for the first time, but rather superficially.

However, Pierre soon becomes convinced of the futility of the Masonic movement and moves away from it. The War of 1812 awakens patriotic feelings in Pierre, and he uses his own money to equip a thousand militia, while he himself remains in Moscow to kill Napoleon and “end the misfortunes of all of Europe.” An important step in Pierre's quest is his visit to the Borodino field at the time of the battle. Here he understands that history is created not by the individual, but by the people. The sight of the animated and sweaty “men affected Pierre more than anything that he had seen and heard so far about the solemnity and significance of the present moment.”

A meeting with Platon Karataev, a former peasant and soldier, brings him even closer to the people. From Karataev, Pierre gains peasant wisdom, and in communication with him “finds peace and self-satisfaction, which he had vainly strived for before.” The life path of Pierre Bezukhov is typical of the best part of the noble youth of that time. These are the people who came to the camp of the Decembrists

Each of these heroes has their own destiny, their own difficult path to understanding the meaning of life. But both heroes come to the same truth: “You have to live, you have to love, you have to believe.”

1. New!

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Without knowing Tolstoy, one cannot consider oneself to know the country, one cannot consider oneself a cultured person. A.M. Bitter. The last page of the novel by L.N. has been turned. Tolstoy’s “War and Peace”... Whenever you close a book you have just read, you are left with a feeling...

Natasha Rostova is the central female character in the novel “War and Peace” and, perhaps, the author’s favorite. Tolstoy presents us with the evolution of his heroine over the fifteen-year period of her life, from 1805 to 1820, and over more than one and a half thousand...

The action of L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” begins in July 1805 in the salon of Anna Pavlovna Scherer. This scene introduces us to representatives of the court aristocracy: Princess Elizaveta Bolkonskaya, Prince Vasily Kuragin, his children - soulless...

Sections: Literature

Goals:

• combine an analysis of historical events and the internal state of the novel’s characters;
• to cause students to reject war as an unnatural state for humans.

Tasks:

• Observing the text of the work, identify the author’s attitude to the depicted pictures of war;
• Trace how the historical events depicted in the novel affect the spiritual world of the heroes;
• See the artistic techniques used by the writer to create psychological portraits of characters;
• Find out the attitude of the characters in the novel to this event.

Equipment:

1. Basic concepts used in the lesson (the teacher hangs cards with words on a typesetting canvas during the lesson):

2. Layout of photographs of the Panorama Museum “Battle of Borodino”.

3. Illustrations for the novel “War and Peace” by artist K. I. Rudakov; fragments from the film “War and Peace” by S. Bondarchuk; portraits of historical figures and heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.

4. Quotes from the novel, issued on separate sheets: “There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth,” “The purpose of war is murder.”

By the end of the first half of the epic novel “War and Peace,” each of the heroes comes with their own ideological, moral conclusion. Summarize the results of L.N. Tolstoy’s favorite heroes on the eve of the War of 1812, focusing on life positions that determine the path to truth (life for yourself, life for others).

Students:(short speeches).

So, for A. Bolkonsky, P. Bezukhov, N. Rostova, these results are different, but all of them are sad: disappointment, collapse of dreams, hopes, illusions. “The disintegration of previous living conditions” is how the author characterizes the psychological state of his heroes in 1812. The epithet “new” dominates the story about the emotional experiences of the heroes.

Let us trace on the pages of the novel the “new” that was revealed to Prince Andrei and Pierre Bezukhov on the eve and during the Battle of Borodino.

Even in the first days of the war, Natasha Rostova heard words in church that made a deep impression on her: “Let us pray to the Lord in peace.” “In peace, all together, without distinction of classes, without enmity, and united by brotherly love, let us pray,” thought Natasha. This new concept of “peace” appears in the novel along with the beginning of the war. A new path to the truth opens up before the heroes - together with others, together with the whole people.

How did Pierre respond to the call to help Russia?

Just like other wealthy nobles and merchants, he equipped 1000 people in the militia.

And yet Pierre himself goes to the army, with what feeling?

He is driven by “a sense of the need to do something and sacrifice something.”

What signs of the upcoming battle does Tolstoy show?

Carts with the wounded, everyone was at a prayer service, when Pierre arrived, militia men in white shirts, Pierre finally understood the soldier’s thought that “they want to rush in with all the people.” Looking at the panorama of the Borodino field before the start of the battle, we see a cross, a bell tower, smoking fires, masses of troops, a burned village, a “stern and serious expression” on the faces of people, a church procession behind the icon of the Smolensk Mother of God, carried by the army.

An impression of the surrounding world through the eyes of the hero.

On the eve of the Battle of Borodino, the last meeting of Pierre and Prince Andrei takes place; let us see what “new things” were revealed to each of them. Why was this important to Pierre?

Bolkonsky foresees the final triumph of the Russian army on the Borodino field. He sensitively noticed in the soldiers the will to win, which was later revealed in the battle itself. He also infected Pierre with his faith, who “now understood the whole meaning and the whole significance of this war and the upcoming battle.”

Now for Pierre the faces of the soldiers preparing for battle “lit up with a new light.” He understood the hidden force that unites Andrei, and Pierre, and Timokhin, and the hundred thousandth army - this is patriotism - and only one thing is needed in the upcoming battle, for this feeling to be in the heart of everyone.

What is unique about the depiction of the Battle of Borodino, what technique does the author use and why?

The image of the battle is given through the eyes of Pierre, who is far from military life, has little understanding of the disposition, follows not the external course of events, but comprehends the inner spirit of the battle - this force of patriotism - “hidden warmth”.

What brings Bezukhov to the Borodino field?

The voice of conscience, the impossibility of remaining indifferent to the misfortune of the Motherland at a fatal moment for all of Russia. It is here that the main event takes place - the fate of his Fatherland is decided, although he himself does not fully realize it - "I'm interested".

Trace the dialectic of Pierre's soul during the Battle of Borodino.

Expressive reading of the fragment “Pierre... froze with admiration before the beauty of the spectacle” (Vol. 3, part 2, chapter XXX).

Keyword - beauty (picture of the world). The hero’s feelings change, at first he examines, trying not to interfere, then in his soul his “unconsciously joyful excitement” is replaced by another feeling after he saw the wounded soldier - fear and horror of what is happening. His thoughts echo those of Prince Andrei: “... war... the most disgusting thing in life. The purpose of war is murder.” The repeatedly repeated metaphor of a “flaming fire” helps the hero understand the strength and courage of Russian soldiers.

In Tolstoy’s concept of morality, an important component is the family: during the battle one can feel “family revival,” “the soldiers... accepted Pierre into their family,” “the family circle of people who were at the battery.” Replace this word with Tolstoyan synonyms.

- Unity, brotherhood, based on love for the motherland, on the desire to defend the native land.

Expressive reading of the fragment “Borodino Field after the Battle” (Vol. 3, Part “, Chapter XXXIX).

What work of ancient Russian literature does the episode “The Borodino Field after the Battle” echo? Techniques used by the author.

- “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” The description is filled with sorrow. “A terrible view of the battlefield,” “...that’s enough, people. Stop it...Come to your senses, what are you doing?” Episode Keyword: horror (picture of war). The technique of contrast allows you to convince the reader of the unnaturalness and tragedy of what happened.

What changed in the soul of Prince Andrei after the Battle of Borodino?

The seriously wounded Prince Andrei realized: “there was something in this life that I did not understand and do not understand.” And only on the infirmary table he realized that the main thing is “compassion, love for brothers who love.”

Who are the real heroes of the Battle of Borodino? What did this new look change in Pierre’s soul?

Ordinary soldiers are true heroes. “They don't talk, but they do.” And Pierre experiences an irresistible feeling of “his own insignificance and deceit” in comparison with the truth, simplicity and strength of these people.

Staging of the episode “In the salon of A.P. Scherer” (volume 4, part 1, chapter I).

Antithesis. These people have no true concern about the fate of their homeland, their people; their imaginary patriotism is limited by the ban on speaking French and the refusal to attend the French theater.

Observation of the text. Statement of the problem (volume 3, part 2, chapters XXIX, XXXIV, XXXV.

Let us turn to the depiction of historical figures, in assessing whose activities the writer uses the main criterion - moral. Kutuzov and Napoleon are the moral poles of the novel. Based on the concepts given in the table and the text of the novel, identify the author’s attitude towards these historical figures.

How do you understand the statement of literary critic V. Ermilov: in Tolstoy, “Kutuzov is a great commander because he is a great man.”

Explanation in the author's own words: “There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth.” A personal approach to the role of a historical figure emerged, explained by the writer’s ideological views, the conviction that victory lies in the spirit of the people; The driving force of history, according to Tolstoy, is always the people.

Conclusion.

Why can the Battle of Borodino be defined as the compositional center of the novel?

A moral victory over the enemy was won on the Borodino field. The heroes come to understand the truth of life: only then does a person find his place in life, when he becomes a part of the people and finds unity with them.