The culture and traditions of the small peoples of Siberia in brief. Pedagogical development

Scientific director

Customs and traditions are external elements of the culture of any people, including Russians. Customs, traditions, rituals are similar to each other, but still they have differences. Custom prescribes more detailed behavior and actions for a person in specific situations. For example, the most common custom is to shake hands when meeting close friends or relatives. However, there are also harmful customs, for example, treating each other to alcohol when meeting relatives, friends, and acquaintances.

Every folk holiday in Russia is accompanied by customs and songs. Their origin, content and purpose differ from church celebrations.

There are different types of customs. Residential areas in Old Rus' were city, suburb, posad, settlement, graveyard, village, seltso, pochinok. This was already at a time when a strong settled life for the Russian people had formed. But much earlier, as the author of the book “Life of the Russian People” (1848) says, the Slavs, and then our Russians, lived disorderly: fearing daily raids, the defenseless, without a state structure, had to defend themselves all together, and each individually .

Since ancient times, Russian settlements arose along the banks of rivers, streams, lakes, along postal routes connecting large trade and craft cities, in the center of arable and hayfields. Villages, as a rule, were located close to each other.

Peasant huts were built in one or two rows, along a road, river or lake, closely huddled together. The village does not have a clear layout. They said about such villages: “The devil carried her in a sieve, and he was crushed.” Villages and hamlets were surrounded by fences, the entrance gates of which were always closed at night.

The interior of the hut was distinguished by its simplicity and expedient placement of the objects included in it. The main space of the hut was occupied by the oven, which in most of Russia is located at the entrance, to the right or left of the door. The table always stood in the corner, diagonally from the stove. Above it was a shrine with icons. In the back of the hut, from the stove to the side wall, under the ceiling, there was a wooden flooring - a floor. The entire fixed furnishings of the hut were built by carpenters along with the house and were called a mansion outfit. The front corner with the shrine and the table was considered the clean, front half of the hut, the space near the stove was the stove corner, and the middle of the hut was the workplace.

Customs in home economics

In their patriarchal simplicity, our ancestors were content with very little. Half-raw food, meat, roots and skins of wild and domestic animals fully satisfied their modest needs. When kvass first became one of the Russian drinks is impossible to establish today. Of the dishes prepared from dough, pies take first place. All Russian pies in the old days usually had an oblong shape and varied in size.

Customs in clothing

Ancient Russian clothing appears, at first glance, to be complex and varied. But taking a closer look at its parts, it is easy to recognize similarities in many names. The fabrics from which the peasants made clothes were produced on their farm from wool, hemp and flax. Festive clothes in the Lower Angara region were made from thin linen canvas. Sheep wool was used for woolen fabrics, cloth, and dog hair was spun in small quantities (for knitting). Shoes, socks, and mittens for special purposes were woven from horsehair for fishermen and hunters, since Siberia has harsh winters. Various animal furs were widely used for sewing outerwear and shoes.

Daba is an imported paper fabric that was widely used in household use.

The traditional set of women's clothing in the Angara region and in villages located along the Yenisei consists of a shirt, skirt or sundress and a padded jacket put on top.

The shirt was made composite. The terminology is very stable: the main part was sewn from dense material. The sleeves were made of thinner material - linen canvas. The gate was assembled into an assembly. The sundress was worn in two versions: with a cut-out waist and with a bodice cut to fit the figure with straps.

The skirt is an ancient component of the costume. They were sewn from homemade cloth or half-woolen fabric.

Sushun (shushun) is a short jacket made of silk or paper fabric, lined, with sleeves tapered towards the bottom.

Kabat is a tunic-like garment with a round neckline, sewn from thin linen hosta. Men also wore cabatkas. In Siberia, this clothing was not only work, but also festive.

Russian peasants in Eastern Siberia in the old days did not wear pants and trousers.

Home life image

The Slavs have always respected their elders. The head of the family was the ancestor or father. Wife, children, relatives and servants obeyed this head without question. The generosity of the Slavs was known even to their enemies, because the enemies could find shelter, protection and bread - salt in the home of every Slav. Our ancestors were distinguished by sobriety, moderation, and respect for elders, and therefore there was general agreement and love. In addition, they were distinguished by longevity, health and cheerfulness. The simple, impeccably honest people left traces of their good nature, talkativeness and hospitality.

Dining custom

At noon it was time for lunch. Single shopkeepers, guys from the common people, serfs, and visitors to the cities filled the taverns; homely people sat down at the table at home or at friends' houses.

Baths

Russians went to the bathhouse very often. This was considered the first need of Russian home life. Quite dirty for the most part. The custom of washing brought pleasure and pleasure, and was also associated with many religious rules.

Games of the Russian people

The fun of our people, a reflection of their true and genuine fun, cannot be described otherwise than in unity with the actual picture of their life.

Winter games for the most part have their prototypes in some summer games; but at the same time, some of them are played primarily in the snow and among people, and have so much in their character that is special and original: snowballs, a fortress, a giant, pieces of ice, etc.

The richest cultural heritage is rooted in the very depths of centuries, in the everyday experience of creative work and wise, respectful development of the surrounding nature.

This is how a special way of people’s life was formed, closely connected with the annual cycles of renewal and extinction of nature. Another living evidence of the richness of the everyday culture of the Russian people is their customs and holidays, as well as church rites and sacraments. Traditional clothing of Siberians is not only a bright Siberian element, but also an example of various types of decorative creativity.

Analyzing the types of customs, we came to the conclusion that the customs of ancient peoples have survived to this day. The cultural heritage of the Siberian people, accumulated over centuries, is great and diverse, and although time has not spared much, what has been preserved still allows one to judge the high artistic significance of the products.

Bibliography

1. Customs and rituals of the Russian people. From christenings to funerals. Comp. I.A. Pankeev.-M.: Olympus: Astrel: AST, 2008.-P.105.

2. Native antiquity. Russian history in stories and pictures with drawings in the text. Comp. V.D. Sipovsky. St. Petersburg: D. Poluboyarinova, 1910.-P.90.

3. Russian people: Its customs, legends, rituals.-M.: EKSMO, 2003.-P.50.

4. Encyclopedia of holidays. Comp. N.V. Chudakova.-M.:AST.1997.-P.20.

5. I explore the world. Russian people: traditions and customs. encycl. ;thin. .-M.:AST:Aristel:207.-383.P.5-20.

MARRIAGE CUSTOMS KALYM - price for a bride, one of the types of compensation for a wife. Among the forest Yukaghirs and the Chukchi and other peoples of the extreme Northeast, initially there were no-kalom marriages. The size of the dowry and the procedure for its payment were determined during negotiations during matchmaking. Most often, bride price was paid in the form of deer, copper or iron cauldrons, fabrics, and animal skins. With the development of commodity-money relations, part of the dowry could be paid in money. The size of the bride price depended on the property status of the families of the bride and groom.

MARRIAGE CUSTOMS Levirate is a marriage custom according to which a widow was obliged or had the right to marry the brother of her deceased husband. It was common among most peoples of the North. The right to the wife of the deceased older brother belonged to the younger brother, and not vice versa. Sororate is a marriage custom according to which a widower is obliged to marry the younger sister or niece of his deceased wife.

HOUSINGS The dwellings of peoples are classified based on different criteria: according to the materials of manufacture - wooden (from logs, boards, hewn posts, poles, chopped blocks, branches), bark (birch bark and from the bark of other trees - spruce, fir, larch), felt, from bones of sea animals, earthen, adobe, with wicker walls, and also covered with deer skins; in relation to the ground level - above-ground, underground (semi-dugouts and dugouts) and piles; according to the layout - quadrangular, round and polygonal; in shape - conical, gable, single-pitched, spherical, hemispherical, pyramidal and truncated pyramidal; by design - frame (made of vertical or inclined pillars, covered with skins, bark, felt).

CULT OF FIRE Fire, the main family shrine, was widely used in family rituals. They tried to constantly maintain the home. During migrations, the Evenks transported him in a bowler hat. The rules for handling fire were passed down from generation to generation. The fire of the hearth was protected from desecration, it was forbidden to throw garbage or pine cones into it (“so as not to cover my grandmother’s eyes with tar” - Evenks), to touch the fire with anything sharp, or to pour water into it. The veneration of fire also extended to objects that had long-term contact with it.

FOLK SIGNS OF THE EVENS v You cannot walk on fire. v 2. The fire of the fire cannot be stabbed or cut with sharp objects. If you do not observe and contradict these signs, then the fire will lose the power of its spirit. v 3. You cannot throw away your old clothes and things and leave them on the ground, but you must destroy things by burning them. If you do not follow these rules, then a person will always hear the crying of his things and clothes. v 4. If you take eggs from partridges, geese and ducks from a nest, be sure to leave two or three eggs in the nest. v 5. The remains of the spoils cannot be scattered in the place where you walk and live. v 6. In the family you should not swear and argue often, because the fire of your hearth may be offended and you will be unhappy.

CLOTHING The clothing of the peoples of the North is adapted to local climatic conditions and lifestyle. For its manufacture, local materials were used: skins of deer, seals, wild animals, dogs, birds (loons, swans, ducks), fish skins, and among the Yakuts also skins of cows and horses. Rovduga, a suede made from deer or elk skins, was widely used. They insulated their clothes with the fur of squirrels, foxes, arctic foxes, hares, lynxes, the Yakuts used beavers, and the Shors used sheep fur. The skins of domestic and wild reindeer, hunted in the taiga and tundra, played an extremely important role. In winter they wore double-layer or single-layer clothing made from deer skins, less often dog skins, in the summer they wore worn-out winter fur coats, parkas, malitsas, as well as clothes made from rovduga and fabrics.

ITELMENS Modern science considers the Itelmens to be very ancient inhabitants of Kamchatka, without answering exactly the question of when and where they came from. Since it is known that the Koryaks and Chukchi came here around 1200-1300, apparently fleeing from Genghis Khan, we can assume that the Itelmens appeared here earlier. Analyzing everyday life, the researcher finds analogies with the ancient Chinese. The final conclusion: the Itelmens once lived “outside China, in the steppes of Mongolia, below the Amur.” This is indicated by numerous similarities in the language of the Mongols and Itelmen, as well as physiological similarities. Most likely, the Itelmens once lived in the South Ural steppes, and were a Turkic tribe, perhaps with Mongoloid features, like today's Kalmyks, heavily Iranianized (under Scythian influence). It was the ancestors of the Itelmen who were the pygmies that Greek mythology speaks of. Hence the elements of Greek mythology among the Itelmens, hence several ancient coins found in Kamchatka.

YAKUTS For the first time, Russian industrialists entered Yakutia in the 20s of the 17th century. Following them, service people came here and began to explain to the local population, which caused resistance from the local nobility, who did not want to lose the right to exclusive exploitation of their relatives. In 1632, Beketov placed on the river. Lena prison In 1643, it was moved to a new location 70 versts from the old one and was named Yakutsk. But gradually the fight with the Russians stopped, because the Yakuts were convinced of the benefits of peaceful ties with the Russian population. By the middle of the 17th century, the entry of Yakutsk into the Russian state was basically completed.

BURYATS According to anthropological characteristics, the Buryats belong to the Central Asian type of the Mongoloid race. The ancient religion of the Buryats is shamanism. In the 17th century The Buryats comprised several tribal groups, the largest of which were the Bulagats, Ekhirits, Khorins and Khongodors. The rapprochement of the Buryat tribes with each other was historically due to the proximity of their culture and dialects, as well as the unification of the tribes after their entry into Russia. This process ended at the end of the 17th and 18th centuries. The basis of the Buryat economy was cattle breeding, semi-nomadic among the western tribes and nomadic among the eastern tribes; Hunting and fishing played some role in the economy.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! :) I hope that the presentation did not seem boring and that everyone learned something new. Thanks for watching.

Andyusev B.E.

If you would like to learn more about the old Siberian culture, traditions, customs, about the life of old-timers, about the Siberian character - you are welcome to take a trip into the history of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and all of Siberia!

A word about Siberia

The land we live on is Mother Siberia. Since childhood, we have felt her stern disposition, her lack of comfort and comfort, her frosty breath and serious distances. But, looking into our hearts, we feel attached to our district, region, city; true affection for the amazing beauty and uniqueness of Siberian nature.

There comes a moment when one day we, frozen in place, discover the expanse of taiga under the mountain at our feet, or the landscape of a river valley, the boundless hills of the South Siberian steppe, or a mountain range behind fields-forests with sparkling snowy peaks - “squirrels” of the Sayan peaks even in summer. horizon. An awareness of the values ​​of ancient Siberian rituals and beliefs comes. One day we notice that we involuntarily and now use words and expressions of the ancient Siberian dialect in conversation.

Looking around, we see around us skillfully cut and decorated wooden houses, not similar to each other. These are not the houses that are now being built by would-be carpenters and quickly fall into disrepair. Ancient houses are strong and can tell a lot about their owners: whether he was hardworking and zealous, neat and thorough, or, on the contrary, laziness settled in this household for a long time.

Since childhood we know that we are Siberians. But only when we get to the distant Russian lands do we proudly realize that Siberians have always been spoken of with special respect everywhere and always. Residents of distant cities look at us with surprise and curiosity - they say, how do you live in your harsh land? It is no secret that many people still believe that bears roam the streets of Siberian cities at night.

Far from home, communicating with Norilsk and Tobolsk residents, Irkutsk and Novosibirsk residents, Transbaikalians and Tomsk residents, Altai and Omsk residents, we especially begin to feel that we are all fellow countrymen.

However, being Siberians, we feel like Russians, citizens of a Great Country with a unique historical past. But it was in our region that the West and the East met and intertwined, their civilizational values ​​and ideals, the heroic and tragic pages of the eternal desire for freedom and the experience of building democratic relations in conditions of centuries-old despotism. It was in Siberia that from time immemorial man became free, a person with the highest and extremely heightened sense of self-worth. There was no serf here either in status or in psychology.

A person on Siberian soil was assessed according to two criteria: what kind of conscience are you and what kind of work are you like? Siberians have always held in high esteem the concepts of high morality, conscientiousness and hard work.

We are all different in this huge country, unique and special, and we must accept each other as we are. Our Siberian uniqueness comes from the harsh extreme climate and nature, from mutual agreement and heightened honesty, from firmness and perseverance in overcoming challenges. The result of complete adaptation to the harsh realities of the struggle for survival is the Siberian character. The whole world remembers how the Siberians near Moscow in 1941 proved that the Siberian character was, is and will be.

“Russian history, at its very core, is primarily the history of various regional masses of people, the history of the construction of territorial structures,” - this is how our famous fellow Siberian, historian A.P. Shchapov defined the role of individual regions in the history of Russia. Critical assessments and negative conclusions alone cannot reveal the rich daily life of Siberians. It is also obvious that many troubles of recent times and, interestingly, the beginning of the 20th century, occurred as a result of the forgetting of primordial traditions, certain, albeit conservative, principles of life. The greatest mistake of recent years has been the widespread, reckless craving for the culture, values ​​and religious teachings of the West. Russia.

We must not forget that each region of Russia has a rich cultural past, its own spiritual values ​​and thousand-year-old roots of traditional paganism, Orthodoxy and other religious faiths. A person lives in his time, in the world of his spiritual ideals. Understanding and respecting the past is the duty and responsibility of the current generation of Siberians, descendants of old-timers and settlers of the 17th-20th centuries.

• A word about Siberia.
• Mentality of Siberians.
• Peasant community in Siberia.
• Economic life of an old-timer.
• Everyday culture: clothing, food, traditional medicine of Siberians.
• Spirituality and traditions.
• Literacy and education in the Yenisei province in the 19th - early 20th centuries.
• Customs and rituals of old-timers in Siberia.
• Folk signs of the Siberian calendar.
• Folk art of Siberians.
• Dictionary of the dialect of old-timers of the Yenisei region.
• Appendix: “Siberian character” by Fedorov-Omulevsky I.V.

Sources

• Published based on materials from Boris Ermolaevich’s personal website: “Siberian Local History”.
• Printed edition: Andyusev B.E. Siberian local history: textbook. manual. – 2nd ed. – Krasnoyarsk: RIO KSPU, 2003. – 303 p.

To the point

Modern library local history What is “local history”, what does it study and what is the benefit of it? Let's look at science using the example of library local history

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Presentation on the topic: Peoples of Siberia: culture, traditions, customs

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Marriage customs KALYM - the price for the bride, one of the types of compensation for the wife. Among the forest Yukaghirs and the Chukchi and other peoples of the extreme Northeast, initially there were no-kalom marriages. The size of the dowry and the procedure for its payment were determined during negotiations during matchmaking. Most often, bride price was paid in the form of deer, copper or iron cauldrons, fabrics, and animal skins. With the development of commodity-money relations, part of the dowry could be paid in money. The size of the bride price depended on the property status of the families of the bride and groom.

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Marriage customs Levirate is a marriage custom in which a widow was obliged or had the right to marry the brother of her deceased husband. It was common among most peoples of the North. The right to the wife of a deceased older brother belonged to the younger brother, and not vice versa. Sororate is a marriage custom according to which a widower is obliged to marry the younger sister or niece of his deceased wife.

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Dwellings Dwellings of peoples are classified based on different criteria: according to the materials of manufacture - wooden (from logs, boards, hewn posts, poles, chopped blocks, branches), bark (birch bark and from the bark of other trees - spruce, fir, larch), felt, from bones of sea animals, earthen, adobe, with wicker walls, and also covered with deer skins; in relation to the ground level - above-ground, underground (semi-dugouts and dugouts) and piles; according to the layout - quadrangular, round and polygonal; in shape - conical, gable, single-pitched, spherical, hemispherical, pyramidal and truncated pyramidal; by design - frame (made of vertical or inclined pillars, covered with skins, bark, felt).

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How the Evens kept track of time in the past. August - September MONTELSE (autumn) October - November BOLANI (late autumn) December - January TUGENI (winter) February - March NELKYSNEN (early spring) April - May NELKY (spring) June - NEGNI (early summer) July - DYUGANI (summer) BEGINNING OF THE YEAR September - oichiri unmy (literally: rising back of the hand). October - oychiri bilen (literally: rising wrist). November - oychiri echen (literally: rising elbow). December - oychiri mir (literally: rising shoulder). January - Tugeni Hee - the crown of winter (literally; the crown of the head).

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How in the past the Evens kept track of time. THEN THE COUNTING OF THE MONTHS WENT TO THE LEFT HAND AND WALKED ALONG IT IN DESCENDING ORDER: February - evri mir (literally: descending shoulder) March - evri echen (literally: descending elbow) April - evri bilen (literally: descending wrist) May - evri unma (literally: descending back of the hand) June - evri chon (literally: descending fist) July - dugani heen (literally: top of summer) August - oychiri chor (literally: rising fist)

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Cult of Fire Fire, the main family shrine, was widely used in family rituals. They tried to constantly maintain the home. During migrations, the Evenks transported him in a bowler hat. The rules for handling fire were passed down from generation to generation. The fire of the hearth was protected from desecration, it was forbidden to throw garbage or pine cones into it (“so as not to cover my grandmother’s eyes with tar” - Evenks), to touch the fire with anything sharp, or to pour water into it. The veneration of fire also extended to objects that had long-term contact with it.

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Even folk signs 1. You cannot walk on fire. 2. The fire of the fire cannot be stabbed or cut with sharp objects. If you do not observe and contradict these signs, then the fire will lose the power of its spirit. 3. You cannot throw away your old clothes and things and leave them on the ground, but you must destroy things by burning them. If you do not follow these rules, then a person will always hear the crying of his things and clothes. 4. If you take eggs from partridges, geese and ducks from a nest, be sure to leave two or three eggs in the nest. 5. The remains of the spoils should not be scattered in the place where you walk and live. 6. In the family, you should not swear and argue often, because the fire of your hearth may be offended and you will be unhappy.

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Even folk signs 7. Your bad deed in life is the biggest sin. This act may affect the fate of your children. 8. Don’t talk too much out loud, otherwise your tongue will develop a callus. 9. Don’t laugh without any reason, otherwise you will cry in the evening. 10. Look at yourself first and then judge others. 11. Wherever you live, wherever you are, you cannot speak badly about the climate, since the land on which you live may become angry. 12. After cutting your hair and nails, do not throw them anywhere, otherwise after death you will wander around in the hope of finding them. 13. You cannot be angry and hate people without a reason. This is considered a sin in old age and can result in your loneliness.

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Clothing The clothing of the peoples of the North is adapted to local climatic conditions and lifestyle. For its manufacture, local materials were used: skins of deer, seals, wild animals, dogs, birds (loons, swans, ducks), fish skins, and among the Yakuts also skins of cows and horses. Rovduga, a suede made from deer or elk skins, was widely used. They insulated their clothes with the fur of squirrels, foxes, arctic foxes, hares, lynxes, the Yakuts used beavers, and the Shors used sheep fur. The skins of domestic and wild reindeer, hunted in the taiga and tundra, played an extremely important role. In winter they wore double-layer or single-layer clothing made from deer skins, less often dog skins, in the summer they wore worn-out winter fur coats, parkas, malitsas, as well as clothes made from rovduga and fabrics.

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The territory of Siberia can be called truly multinational. Today its population mostly represented by Russians. Starting in 1897, the population has only been growing to this day. The bulk of the Russian population of Siberia were traders, Cossacks and peasants. The indigenous population is mainly located in Tobolsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Russian population began to settle in the southern part of Siberia - Transbaikalia, Altai and the Minusinsk steppes. At the end of the eighteenth century, a huge number of peasants moved to Siberia. They are located mainly in Primorye, Kazakhstan and Altai. And after the construction of the railway began and the formation of cities, the population began to grow even faster.

Numerous peoples of Siberia

Current state

The Cossacks and local Yakuts who came to the Siberian lands became very friendly, they began to trust each other. After some time, they no longer divided themselves into locals and natives. International marriages took place, which entailed mixing of blood. The main peoples inhabiting Siberia are:

Chuvans

The Chuvans settled on the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The national language is Chukchi, which over time was completely replaced by Russian. The first population census at the end of the eighteenth century officially confirmed 275 representatives of the Chuvans who settled in Siberia and 177 who moved from place to place. Now the total number of representatives of this people is about 1300.

The Chuvans were engaged in hunting and fishing, and had sled dogs. And the main occupation of the people was reindeer herding.

Orochi

— located on the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory. This people had another name - Nani, which was also widely used. The language of the people is Oroch, only the oldest representatives of the people spoke it, and besides, it was unwritten. According to the official first census, the Orochi population was 915 people. The Orochi were primarily engaged in hunting. They caught not only forest inhabitants, but also game. Now there are about 1000 representatives of this people.Entsy

Enets

were a fairly small people. Their number in the first census was only 378 people. They roamed in the areas of the Yenisei and Lower Tunguska. The Enets language was similar to Nenets, the difference was in the sound composition. Now there are about 300 representatives left.

Itelmens

settled on the territory of Kamchatka, they were previously called Kamchadals. The native language of the people is Itelmen, which is quite complex and includes four dialects. The number of Itelmens, judging by the first census, was 825 people. The Itelmens were mostly engaged in catching salmon fish; collecting berries, mushrooms and spices was also common. Now (according to the 2010 census) there are slightly more than 3,000 representatives of this nationality. Ket

Chum salmon

- became indigenous residents of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Their number at the end of the eighteenth century was 1017 people. The Ket language was isolated from other Asian languages. The Kets practiced agriculture, hunting and fishing. In addition, they became the founders of trade. The main product was furs. According to the 2010 census - 1219 people

Koryaks

— located on the territory of the Kamchatka region and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The Koryak language is closest to Chukchi. The main activity of the people is reindeer husbandry. Even the name of the people is translated into Russian as “rich in deer.” The population at the end of the eighteenth century was 7,335 people. Now ~9000.

Muncie

Of course, there are still many very small nationalities that live on the territory of Siberia and it would take more than one page to describe them, but the tendency towards assimilation over time leads to the complete disappearance of small peoples.

Formation of culture in Siberia

The culture of Siberia is as multi-layered as the number of nationalities living on its territory is huge. From each settlement, the local people accepted something new for themselves. First of all, this affected tools and household supplies. The newly arrived Cossacks began to use reindeer skins, local fishing tools, and malitsa from the everyday life of the Yakuts in everyday life. And they, in turn, looked after the natives’ livestock when they were away from their homes.

Various types of wood were used as construction materials, of which there are plenty in Siberia to this day. As a rule, it was spruce or pine.

The climate in Siberia is sharply continental, which manifests itself in harsh winters and hot summers. In such conditions, local residents grew sugar beets, potatoes, carrots and other vegetables well. In the forest zone it was possible to collect various mushrooms - milk mushrooms, boletus, boletus, and berries - blueberries, honeysuckle or bird cherry. Fruits were also grown in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. As a rule, the obtained meat and caught fish were cooked over a fire, using taiga herbs as additives. At the moment, Siberian cuisine is distinguished by the active use of home canning.