What was the Bslogorsk fortress like and the order established in it? How to explain such a “family” nature of relations between people in the fortress? What is the Belgorod fortress like on the eve of Pugachev’s entry into it? What were the Belgos like?

In April 1649, the king Alexey Mikhailovich approved the Order on city deanery. In it, the sovereign commands “to avoid dirt - to have a janitor in every yard” in order to “take care of all yard work, repairs and other matters.” Thus, for the first time, supervision over the performance of the functions of “public decency” (doing good for society) was created at the state level. This is considered the time when Russian housing and communal services were founded.

And the decree Peter the Great dated January 16, 1721, transferred the functions of “public deanery” to the Russian police created by that time. Peter I called the police “the soul of citizenship and all good order”, associated with this department the concepts of “population welfare”, “prohibition of excesses in household expenses”, “practicing good homeowners”, “cleanliness in the streets and in houses”.

Janitor, dear janitor

In our case, these words from the scary song of the Agatha Christie group sound calm and respectful. For more than a hundred years, little has changed in the tools with which street cleaners bring beauty to the streets and courtyards. Representatives of this profession are depicted in metal Taras Kostenko. Today this sculpture is one of the attractions of Belgorod.

It was thanks to the street cleaners that a century ago Belgorod was recognized by contemporaries as one of the best district cities not only in the Kursk province, but also in the Russian Empire. A local historian wrote about this in the book “Kursk Province on an Old Postcard” Yuri Donchenko, further noting that “it [Belgorod] made a pleasant impression on every visitor, giving enough comfort to those living in it.”

Photo by Vladimir Yurchenko

IN 1913 the janitor's salary was 18 rubles per month. With this money he could buy a choice of three coats or four suits, 12 pairs of leather shoes, more than 80 kg of beef, 54 bottles of vodka, 1,250 loaves of bread, over a ton of potatoes, and almost 700 liters of milk. The janitors lived in collectives in the janitor's quarters; their families usually remained in the village. Equipment and ammunition were issued by the government. The janitors were always required to have a metal plaque indicating the block number and a whistle - “in case of scaring away adversaries and calling the policeman.”

Best of Fourteen

At the beginning of the last century, the city authorities of Belgorod treated the comfort of the citizens with commendable responsibility, at least this is what the documents testify. IN 1913 In the city, the Law “On Ensuring Normal Rest for Employees in Trade and Craft Establishments” has been in force for seven years and has been strictly observed. The fifth article of this document prohibited trading on Sundays and church holidays.

"Guide to Belgorod"Ivan Kulegaeva says that in 1911 Belgorod was a pretty good district town, “the best of the 14 cities of the Kursk province.” It had everything that should have been in a city with organized trade, consumer services and housing and communal services appropriate for its time.

There was something to keep an eye on: there was a hospital, pharmacies, doctors, police and fire departments, printing houses, bathhouses, bookstores, and a brewery. Belgorod residents were entertained by three cinemas and two concert halls. On holidays and weekends one could walk in city parks. In Belgorod to 1913 there are about two dozen educational institutions. Trading enterprises brought grain, livestock, wool, leather, lard, wax and manufactured goods.

Naturally, even at that time, a significant problem was garbage removal, its storage and disposal. However, the Belgorod Zemstvo Administration strictly monitored this - they punished negligent business executives and were in charge of the arrangement and maintenance of public buildings. And the housing commission kept records of rent and utility bills. There was another organization - the City Housing Tax Presence. Receipts were issued taking into account a special gradation, based on which buildings the apartments were in - brick or wooden.

According to the Estimation and Statistical Department of the Kursk Provincial Zemstvo for 1913, apartments with two to five bedrooms cost their owners from four to six rubles a month. The payment included heating, lighting, sewage treatment and repairs. For these purposes, the Belgorod Zemstvo Administration of the Belgorod Uyezd spent no less than 15 % your annual budget, or about 50 thousand rubles. Well, in general, up to 80 % budget funds.

Water story

At the end of the 18th century, the Empress Catherine II ordered the construction of the first water supply system in Moscow. Construction was entrusted to the general Bauer. The search for clean water led to springs near the village of Bolshiye Mytishchi, from where they began to build the first Moscow water supply system. The work was completed by 1804. IN 1898 The first sewerage system was built in Moscow.

And in Belgorod, the first water supply system with lifting machines began to operate with 1871. The city was supplied with spring water from under the Chalk (White) Mountain through water supply networks, the length of which was 5 km. The released water was measured in buckets. In the first year, Belgorod residents received 621.5 thousand buckets of water - 7.8 thousand cubic meters of water. In the Zhiloy settlement (the western part of the city from the Moscow highway) in 1886, a water supply was installed from an artesian well. By the way, to this day Belgorod residents drink artesian water.

By the beginning of the 20th century, 20% of Russian cities had water pipes. The average water consumption in cities was no more than 40 liters per day per person. The quality of the supplied water left much to be desired. Sewage systems with treatment of waste streams were available only in 23 cities of the Russian Empire. In the country as a whole, the sewer network reached only 18% of the total length of the water supply network. According to statistical reports of that time, 60% of the city's housing stock did not have electricity, almost 80 did not have running water and 90 did not have sewerage. The share of housing stock with central heating was about 1%. Belgorod was no exception in these indicators, although, as Anatoly Krupenkov and Boris Osykov noted in the “Historical Chronicle of Belgorod,” there was a steady trend towards development.

According to Kulegaev’s guidebook, Belgorod’s water supply system by this time consisted of two country water pumps. There were two tanks - on Bazarnaya and Peter and Paul Squares. “18 water collection booths have become operational in the city. Water supply was provided to 181 private households and 8 city houses. There are 45 fire hydrants in operation.” Net income from the water supply system exceeded 6 thousand rubles per year.

As the city develops, the water supply system also develops. The volume of released water is already 1910 amounted to 8 million buckets, or almost 100 thousand cubic meters of water.

December 1910 The Belgorod city government adopts a resolution by which it decides to complete the construction of the water supply system and “take care to replace the most unsuitable water meters with new ones.” It is also noted that water booth guards should keep books to record daily revenue from the sale of water. Well, after five years - in 1915– the volume of water supplied by the pipeline more than doubled and amounted to about 260 thousand cubic meters.

Its fountains are inseparable from Belgorod and its city water supply. The very first of them appeared simultaneously with the citywide water supply in 1871. It became a decorative source in a convent, which was used for consecration and collection of drinking water on church holidays. At the turn of the century, a fountain appeared in the city in New Square - one of the most recognizable symbols of pre-revolutionary Belgorod.

About light and heating

The first power plant started operating in Belgorod in August 1911. It was then that the opportunity arose to illuminate the city streets not with kerosene lanterns, but with light bulbs.

TO 1913 light was supplied eight months of the year. Moreover, according to the “Historical and statistical collection of the Belgorod province”, published in 2012, from January to May, the illumination of the city on non-moonlit nights occurred from 5 pm to 3 am, from September to December - from 5 pm to 6 am.

Among the main municipal specialties in demand in 1913 in Belgorod, there was a profession of a fireman. It was the stokers who provided warmth and comfort in the houses, offices, and government institutions of the county town in the cold. All of them were heated with coal or wood. The stokers received good wages - up to 30 rubles a month, and ate in factory canteens. Lunch cost them 32 kopecks. For those without housing, the city authorities provided a hostel in a two-story brick building. On the top floor there was a room with a stage for performances and cinema. Movies were shown on Saturdays, performances were given 12 times a year. There was also another room there - for billiards, books and magazines.

Hey cab driver!

To the sample household service 1913 in Belgorod, undoubtedly, it is worth including cab drivers. They flew recklessly and recklessly on Bagrovaya, Gostenaya, Kurskaya, Moskovskaya, Sumskaya and even Narrow streets of the city. By that time there were quite a few of them in Belgorod. There was even a special settlement, called the Yamshchikov settlement, with a population of 199 souls.

But it only seemed that this service acted chaotically and uncontrollably. In fact, there was a stationary station in the county center - the prototype of the current taxi depot. The owner of the stoic point was the merchant Antsyrev. He stored hay for the horses, made sure they were fed, healthy and shod. It was also imperative to ensure that the station was kept clean, and the cab drivers started work sober. And this stoic point was in charge, writes Anatoly Krupenkov in the almanac “Old Belgorod,” 3,213 horses, which ran 62,243 miles in a year.

The dachshund’s note was interesting: “The committee for organizing celebrations earnestly asks gentlemen who come not to believe the cab drivers who are spreading ridiculous rumors about various kinds of terrible diseases in some hotels. This is done in order to obtain extra fees from hotel owners who have persuaded cab drivers to deliver visitors to them.”

Tax for cab drivers in pre-revolutionary Belgorod from the “Guide to Belgorod” by Ivan Kulegaev
one-horse ride from the station and to the station – 20 kopecks;
steam-box - 35 kopecks;
one-horse end around the city - 15 kopecks;
steam-box - 25 kopecks.

During the celebrations:
per hour one-horse – 60 kopecks;
steam-window - 1 ruble;
one-horse at the end - 30 kopecks;
steam-box - 50 kopecks;
to the station - 10 kopecks more expensive than the end.

Cab drivers and a station in Belgorod existed until 1917. Followed by 1913 events - the beginning of the First World War, the October Revolution - slowed down for a long time the further development of public services not only in Belgorod, but throughout Russia.

TO 1917 for 800 cities in the country there were 200 water supply systems, 23 sewerage systems, 35 tram enterprises, 600 bathhouses and only 13 laundries. Only in 1927 The level of development of the Russian public utility service has increased to 1913.

Vitaly Sochkan

The Belogorsk fortress was a village lost in the steppe, surrounded by tyn that had rotted in many places. The majority of the population consisted of soldiers of the disabled (disabled, that is, those who had passed military age, but remained in the ranks of the army) team, which made up a garrison of one hundred and thirty people, and Cossacks. The order in the fortress was the most domestic - Vasilisa Egorovna, the captain’s wife, was in charge. To a large extent, this was due to the fact that both the soldiers and their commanders, except for Shvabrin, were themselves peasants, lived on subsistence farming, and there was never a military threat as such. A peaceful, simple life dictated its own rules of existence. Minor unrest among the few bands of Bashkirs and Kyrgyz were relatively harmless, and they had not happened for many years. Most of the soldiers had already grown old serving in Belogorskaya; their commander and his wife had lived there for twenty years.

Ivan Kuzmich was an old campaigner, a bit stupid, but honest and kind. He became an officer from the children of soldiers and at heart continued to remain a soldier. His nobility (and only a nobleman could be an officer) was deprived of even that minimal aristocracy that Grinev’s parents possessed. He sometimes remembered about his service and tried to “teach” the soldiers, trying to explain to them where the right leg was and where the left leg was, but his wife constantly pulled him back and, from an everyday point of view, was, as a rule, completely right.

Vasilisa Egorovna was an intelligent woman, talkative and curious, like any lively village woman, forced to manage a large household, and she considered the entire fortress to be her household. She adored news and everything that brought variety to her boring life, she tried to keep everything in her hands, which she succeeded in doing, since she was the wife of the commandant. Of course, her horizons were minimal, and the fact that Grinev’s father owned three hundred serfs made a deep impression on her, while this was a very small number of serf souls in the time of Catherine.

Marya Ivanovna, their daughter, was a quiet, silent person, easily embarrassed, but very sincere and sincere. She was a girl of marriageable age, but in such a wilderness it was not at all easy to meet an interesting person. Masha had great sensitivity of the heart and could intuitively feel the qualities of a person, so she avoided Shvabrin.

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin at first gave the impression of a witty and relaxed person who knew the value of local secrets and good-naturedly made fun of them. Later it turns out that this impression is deceptive, and Shvabrin conceals deep vulnerability in his soul.

The soldier's song included in the epigraph, on the one hand, sets the reader up in a certain brave mood and informs what the chapter should be about, on the other hand, it is a kind of humor of the author. In fact, the wooden fence around the village can hardly be called a “fortification”. in the song they sing about a cannon, and it seems that it’s just about the cannon from the story, because there was only one noise. The quotation from Fonvizin’s “Minor” orients precisely towards such a perception. It is the “old people” who turn out to be the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress, cut off from the world.

Belgorod Fortress is a village surrounded by a log fence. Everything had a rather unsightly appearance: the streets were cramped and crooked, the huts were low. People in the fortress are accustomed to the fact that there is no active military action here, the service goes on calmly. Captain Mironov and Vasilisa Egorovna, his wife, have been living here for many years. Vasilisa Egorovna takes part in all her husband’s affairs, the atmosphere in the fortress is almost homely. This made a depressing impression on Grinev.

How to explain such a “family” nature of relations between people in the fortress?

This was explained by the morals of the commandant of the fortress and his wife. These are people of the old way, they treated their subordinates without ceremony, and most of the soldiers were local residents. This was also determined by the fact that strict discipline was not required, since minor unrest of the Bashkirs was not dangerous.

Tell us about its inhabitants.

Ivan Kuzmich, the commandant of the fortress, and his wife, Vasilisa Egorovna, show an example of the old patriarchal way of life. They live in perfect harmony, Vasilisa Egorovna supports her husband in everything, comments (not without a bit of irony) on his actions, and gives advice. From her remarks we learn that the captain “does not know much” about the service, and accordingly, cannot teach his subordinates anything. Shvabrin calls Vasilisa Egorovna “a beautiful lady.”

We learn about Shvabrin that he has been in the fortress for five years, and is here as punishment for a duel that ended in death. Shvabrin tries to make friends with Grinev, but he succeeds. In this chapter he is characterized as a witty, cheerful person.

Marya Ivanovna is the daughter of Captain Mironov. She is a pretty eighteen year old girl. It is not yet clear why Shvabrin, in a conversation with Grinev, described her as a fool. But the reader understands that she is sensitive (cannot stand gunfire), brought up in old traditions, and not rich (the Mironovs are poor, but they regret it only because it might prevent their daughter from getting married).

What is the significance of the soldier’s song, which is the epigraph to Chapter III?

Let us remember that an epigraph is one of the means of expressing the author’s position. It is in the epigraphs that we guess the personality of A.S. Pushkin, since the story is told on behalf of the main character. The author is ironic, using the following epigraph: The Belgorod fortress bears little resemblance to a fortification, and the “fierce enemies” have not yet been here. This brave song does not correspond to what is really here.

The second quote from Fovizin’s “Minor” also sets the reader up in an ironic mood: “strange people” in the sense that they are very far from the world, not developed properly, because they are far from the center of Russia, from large cities.

What are your impressions of each of the characters?

The characters are underrepresented. We have just started reading the work. But impressions about each of them have already been formed.

Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, already an elderly commandant of the fortress, does not maintain strict order, since, apparently, he considers it unnecessary. Listens to his wife.

Vasilisa Egorovna runs the house very skillfully, knows how to clearly and correctly organize life so that everyone feels at home. Interested in the destinies of other people.

Marya Ivanovna is a modest, sweet girl who obeys her parents in everything, was raised in a patriarchal family, and perceives her way of life as natural.

Shvabrin evoked ambivalent feelings. On the one hand, he is a cheerful, witty person. On the other hand, Grinev’s remark that Shvabrin presented Masha as a complete fool is alarming. It can be assumed that Shvabrin has dark feelings and thoughts.

You need to answer like this:
Belgorod Fortress is a village surrounded by logs
chatted fence. Everything looked rather unsightly: the streets
cramped and crooked, the huts are low. The people in the fortress are accustomed to
that there is no active military action taking place here, service
goes calmly. Captain Mironov and Vasilisa Egorovna, his
wife, have been living here for many years. Vasilisa Egorovna accepted
does not participate in all her husband’s affairs, the situation in the fortress is almost
machine-made. This made a depressing impression on Grinev
How to explain such a “family” nature of relations between
do people in the fortress?
This was explained by the morals of the commandant of the fortress and his wife.
These are people of the old way, they treated their subordinates without
ceremonies, and most of the soldiers were local residents -
mi. This was also determined by the fact that strict discipline is not required.
It was possible, since the minor unrest of the Bashkirs was not dangerous.
Tell us about its inhabitants.
Ivan Kuzmich, commandant of the fortress, and his wife, Vasilisa
Egorovna, they show an example of the old patriarchal structure
yes to life. They live in perfect harmony, Vasilisa Egorovna in everything
supports her husband, comments (not without a bit of irony) on him
actions, gives advice. From her remarks we learn that the captain
“does not know the sense” in the service, accordingly, he cannot do anything
teach subordinates. Vasilisa Egorovna Shvabrin is called
sounds like a “beautiful lady.”
We learn about Shvabrin that he has been in the fortress for five years,
is being fought here as punishment for a duel that ended in death.
Shvabrin tries to make friends with Grinev, he succeeds
do. In this chapter he is described as witty, lively
unhappy person.
Marya Ivanovna is the daughter of Captain Mironov. She's pretty
naya eighteen year old girl. It's not yet clear why
Shvabrin, in a conversation with Grinev, described her as a
handle. But the reader understands that she is sensitive (not over-
carries cannon fire), brought up in old traditions, non-
rich (the Mironovs are poor, but they regret it only because
that this might prevent their daughter from getting married).
What is the meaning of the soldier's song as the epigraph?
to Chapter III?
Let us remember that the epigraph is one of the means of expression
author's position. It is in the epigraphs that we guess the personal
ness A.S. Pushkin, since the narration is conducted on behalf of
Main character. The author is ironic using the following epigraph:
The Belgorod fortress bears little resemblance to a fortification, and even
“Your enemies” haven’t been here yet. This brave song does not correspond
corresponds to what is really here.
The second quote from Fovizin’s “Minor” also sets the mood
reader in an ironic way: “strange people” in the sense
that are very far from the world, not properly developed, therefore
that they are far from the center of Russia, from large cities

What was the Belgorod fortress like and the order established in it? Belgorod Fortress is a village surrounded by a log fence. Everything had a rather unsightly appearance: the streets were cramped and crooked, the huts were low. People in the fortress are accustomed to the fact that there is no active military action here, the service goes on calmly.

Captain Mironov and Vasilisa Egorovna, his wife, have been living here for many years. Vasilisa Egorovna takes part in all her husband’s affairs, the atmosphere in the fortress is almost homely. This had an effect on Grinev

Depressing experience. How to explain such a “family” nature of relations between people in the fortress?

Marya Ivanovna is the daughter of Captain Mironov. She is a pretty eighteen year old girl. It is not yet clear why Shvabrin, in a conversation with Grinev, described her as a fool.

But the reader understands that she is sensitive (cannot stand gunfire), brought up in old traditions, and not rich (the Mironovs are poor, but they regret it only because it might prevent their daughter from getting married). What is the significance of the soldier’s song, which is the epigraph to Chapter III? Let us remember that an epigraph is one of the means of expressing the author’s position.

It is in the epigraphs that we guess the personality of A.S. Pushkin, since the narration is conducted on behalf of the main character. The author is ironic, using the following epigraph: The Belgorod fortress bears little resemblance to a fortification, and the “fierce enemies” have not yet been here. This brave song does not correspond to what is really here.

The second quote from Fovizin’s “Nedoroslya” also sets the reader up in an ironic mood: “strange people” in the sense that they are very far from the world, not developed properly, because they are far from the center of Russia, from large cities. What are your impressions of each of the characters? The characters are underrepresented.

We have just started reading the work. But impressions about each of them have already been formed. Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, no longer a young commandant of the fortress, does not maintain strict order, since, apparently, he considers it unnecessary. Listens to his wife.

Vasilisa Egorovna runs the house very skillfully, knows how to clearly and correctly organize life so that everyone feels at home. Interested in the destinies of other people. Marya Ivanovna is a modest, sweet girl who obeys her parents in everything, was raised in a patriarchal family, and perceives her way of life as natural.

Shvabrin evoked ambivalent feelings. On the one hand, he is a cheerful, witty person. On the other hand, Grinev’s remark that Shvabrin presented Masha as a complete fool is alarming.

It can be assumed that Shvabrin has dark feelings and thoughts.

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Female images There are not many female characters in Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter”, because the action took place in a difficult time for the country. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries there was a period of Russian rebellion, also known as the Pugachev uprising. Of course, more men were involved. However, those few heroines whom the author described left an indelible impression. This […]...
The Pugachev riot swept across the country in many cultural and political centers. The Belogorsk fortress was located far from such cities, but a wave of rebellion reached it too. There were a small number of soldiers in the fortress who took the fight and lost. The leader of the rebellion, the impostor Emelyan Pugachev, commits reprisals against unarmed people, justifying himself with loud words about justice and aspirations […]...
As a truly national poet, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin could not help but be concerned about the history of popular uprisings. The poet studied documents related to the history of the Pugachev rebellion in classified state archives. In 1934, he completed work on the documentary “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion,” and two years later, on the story “The Captain’s Daughter.” On the first pages of the story we meet a young officer, [...]
My favorite hero Usually, valiant, brave knights, capable of real feats, become my favorite heroes, but in the case of A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter,” I chose a girl, Maria Mironova, as my favorite character. In fact, the author named his work after her. Masha was the daughter of the commandant (captain) of the Belogorsk fortress and had […]...
Love is a multifaceted feeling that inspires and makes a person more talented. When falling in love, people take on different challenges, and each person copes with them differently. In A. S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter,” the love line was not introduced by chance, because it helps to reveal the images of the heroes even more vividly and to better penetrate the meaning of the work. First of all, the gaze falls [...]
What qualities does love reveal in a person? As often happens, against the backdrop of historical events, couples in love develop relationships. At the same time, they perceive what is happening around them less painfully, since love gives them strength, hope and faith in a better future. The Russian rebellion of the late 18th and early 19th centuries is best described by the story of A.S. […]...
In the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” two heroes are described: Shvabrin and Grinev. Both are nobles by origin, both end up in the Belogorsk fortress, both are related to Pugachev. At first glance it seems that they are similar. But that's not true. Grinev was educated at home. From the age of five he was given to the care of the eager Savelich, who taught him […]...
The story by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” tells about the historical events of the 70s of the 18th century. Then the eastern outskirts of Russia were overwhelmed by the Pugachev uprising, and this event changed the calm and peaceful life of the heroes of the story. Of course, the plot and characters of the story are fictitious. The only real historical characters are Emelyan Pugachev, some of his close associates and Empress Catherine II. But for Pushkin […]...
Analysis of the work The genre of the work is a historical story written in the form of memoirs. Contains 14 chapters, each of which has a title and epigraph. The basis of the historical events described in the story is the uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev of 1773-1775. Composition. The plot tells about the childhood and adolescence of Petrusha Grinev, about life in the parental family. The climax of the story is the capture by the rebels [...]
A. S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter” is based on real historical events. This is Pugachev’s uprising, against the background of which the events of the personal lives of fictional characters develop - Grinev, Shvabrin, Masha Mironova. Grinev, an officer of the Belogorsk fortress lost in the steppe, learns about the impending uprising from a letter received by the commandant in early October 1773. The general demands that measures be taken to repel the attack […]...
Parental home The story “The Captain's Daughter” is based on real events that took place in the country during the life and work of A. S. Pushkin. Many people call this work a historical novel, since it can be used to study the facts of the peasant war of the late 18th century. The author introduces us to a well-known historical character - Emelyan Pugachev, Empress Catherine II, and […]...
Take care of your dress again, and take care of your honor from a young age. “Take care of your honor from a young age” - this moral covenant is the leitmotif of A. S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter”. It is through the attitude to this covenant that the characters of the two heroes of the work are revealed - Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin. It would seem that Grinev and Shvabrin are very similar. Both of them are nobles, both are young and received approximately the same upbringing. […]...
In many of A. S. Pushkin’s works, female images play a major role. Masha Troekurova, Tatyana Larina, Masha Mironova have a lot in common. These characters embody the best features of Russian women: the ability to love deeply and strongly, a sense of duty, and dedication. Masha Mironova is the main character of the novel, as can be seen from its title. She is the daughter of poor people, kind and honest. By […]...
The story “The Captain's Daughter” is the last great work of A. S. Pushkin, reflecting his gift as a prose writer. This is a story not only about such a significant event as the history of the Pugachev rebellion that shook Russia. This is also a story about love, surprisingly bright. The title of the story itself is noteworthy – “The Captain’s Daughter”, warning the reader that in this book there is a lot of attention [...]
Masha Mironova is an open, honest, sincere, affectionate and loving person. At first, Masha seemed uptight and shy, even Vasilisa Egorova said that she was a coward because she was afraid of gunfire. Maria was about eighteen years old, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair combed smoothly behind her ears. She refused Shvabrin, and he called her a fool and a corrupt girl. Maria Mironovna was [...]
Pyotr Grinev is the main character of A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter.” I believe that his fate and character were influenced not only by unusual and often terrible events, of which he was a direct witness and participant, but also by his parents. Petrusha’s mother was of a noble family, her father was a retired prime minister. These are decent and noble people, loyal [...]
The image of Pugachev is the most complex and interesting image of the story. At the time described by A.S. Pushkin in “The Captain's Daughter,” the situation in Rus' was very difficult. In the 1760s - 1770s. A powerful wave of protests by peasants, Cossacks, and working people swept across the country. This was due to the strengthening of serfdom. Empress Catherine II was particularly concerned about the performances of the Cossacks. With […]...
While working on “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion” (1834), Pushkin carefully studied eyewitness accounts; he was of great interest in the appearance of Pugachev, about whom many memories were preserved. During the publication of the book, an engraving was ordered from a portrait of Pugachev, which was kept in the estate of Prince Vyazemsky near Moscow. Those to whom Pushkin gave the book personally received an engraved portrait included in it. With the first description of appearance [...]
The novel is based on the memoirs of fifty-year-old nobleman Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, written by him during the reign of Emperor Alexander and dedicated to the “Pugachevism,” in which seventeen-year-old officer Pyotr Grinev, due to a “strange combination of circumstances,” took an involuntary part. Pyotr Andreevich recalls his childhood, the childhood of a noble undergrowth, with slight irony. His father Andrei Petrovich Grinev in his youth “served under Count Minich […]...

Summary – Analysis of the third chapter of the work “The Captain’s Daughter”