What is memorable about Tolstoy’s work, The Lion and the Dog. Lesson summary on literary reading "L"

3rd grade. Literary reading

Subject. Features of the plot were L.N. Tolstoy "The Lion and the Dog"

Lesson objectives. Determine the moral meaning of the text. Stimulate interest in the stories of L.N. Tolstoy.

During the classes

The lion is a predatory feline with short yellowish fur and a long mane in males. Body length reaches 2 m 40 cm, weight more than 230 kg.

Leo has excellent eyesight and hearing and is very careful. His voice is of unusual power. Fear and great confusion seize wild and domestic animals when they hear this powerful growl. In the zoo they live up to 50 years.

The great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy belonged to the highest noble class, being the heir to the title of count of his father. Born in 1828, in his family’s family estate, Yasnaya Polyana, Tula province, he was the fourth of five children.

After the death of his parents, the boy’s upbringing was entrusted to a relative from Moscow. Having received a home education, in 1844 L.N. Tolstoy continues his studies at Kazan University. Studying oriental languages ​​did not arouse interest in the future writer. The search for his place in life led 23-year-old Tolstoy to the Caucasus, and officer service began with military operations. At this time, Lev Nikolaevich's first writing experiments appeared in print. Stories with facts from the writer’s own childhood life “Childhood”, “Adolescence”, “Youth” are published. Impressions from the life of an officer were expressed in the works “Cossacks” (1852-63), “Cutting Wood” (1855), “Raid” (1853).

After his resignation, Tolstoy went on a long trip to Europe. Returning home, he devoted himself entirely to public education. He helped in opening 20 rural schools in the Tula province; he taught at a school in Yasnaya Polyana, compiled alphabet books and educational books for children.

MENAGERIE

And the Dog" with the subtitle "a true story" was written by him for "Azbuka" presumably around 1875. This book was a collection that included initial texts for children to study various subjects - from zoology and geography to the Russian language.

Tolstoy himself made many demands on the works included in the book. He said:

Children are strict judges in literature. It is necessary that the stories are written for them in a way that is clear, entertaining, and moral.

What a story?

A summary of “The Lion and the Dog” for a reader’s diary could be as follows: this little story tells about the friendship of a big lion and a small dog. She, thrown to him to be devoured, was not only pitied by a large and, by all accounts, evil predator, but also became a more devoted friend to her than the people who abandoned her.

And when the lion’s little neighbor died, he himself soon fell ill and died, without letting anyone into his cage.

Main events

Here we will focus on a brief summary of Tolstoy's The Lion and the Little Dog.

In one London zoo, stray cats and dogs were taken as payment for visiting and thrown into cages for predators as food.

One day such a small dog was given to a lion to be eaten. But for some reason he did not eat her, but took pity on her and even began to play with her and share food.

Once a gentleman who came to the zoo recognized his dog as his own and wanted to take it away, but the lion roared and did not allow this.

So they lived together for a year. And then the dog got sick and died. But the lion didn’t believe it - at first he kept sniffing it and touching it with his paw, and then began jumping around the cage, gnawing on the bolts in despair.

They gave him another dog, expecting him to forget the first one, but the lion tore it to pieces.

The summary of “The Lion and the Dog” ends in the same way as the story itself:

Then he hugged the dead dog with his paws and lay there for five days.

On the sixth day the lion died.

Education of feelings

As always, after reading Tolstoy’s works, the reader may have many questions, and will probably be left with a strange aftertaste from the generally simple stories he told.

After a brief summary of “The Lion and the Dog,” we will present some reader conclusions.

Why did the lion take pity on the dog? For her defenselessness? Hardly. If in that zoo it was the custom to give stray dogs and cats as food to large predators, it means that the animals were accustomed to eating what they gave. How many of these balls and badgers did the lion have on his account, which he did not regret? Tolstoy says nothing about this.

And at the end of the story, he tore apart the other dogs thrown into his cage, expressing his disagreement with the decision of cruel fate to deprive him of his little comrade?

Why did the lion’s friendly feelings arise so suddenly, why did his warmth manifest itself so selectively? Maybe the dog was something special?

Probably it was in her behavior: when she was thrown into a cage with a lion, she fell on her back - that is, in the most defenseless position for animals - and began to wave her tail, thereby showing complete submission and, at the same time, a friendly disposition towards the owner of the cage . Then she completely stood up on her hind legs in front of him.

The reader's conclusion may be this: the dog was cunning, she guessed that behaving unusually in a trivial situation was the only chance to survive next to the predator. And the lion was surprised. Never before had he come across such strange victims.

And then the dog had to get used to such a dangerous neighborhood, and the lion got used to taking care of her and became friends with her.

Here is another conclusion from the reader: friendship is selective. You must have special merits to deserve it. But is a dog, if it is as stupid as it is weak, unworthy of sympathy and friendly participation?

And here is another conclusion: friendship was necessary not so much for the dog as for the lion. Even in conditions of captivity, he wants to be needed by someone.

But soon the owner came to the zoo for the dog - he wanted to take her away. Perhaps she was attached to him, and then just got lost? But the lion did not let her in. His little girlfriend became his property.

So. The poor thing had to adapt to survive. And the lion got a living toy and came up with the meaning of life. And both of them, of course, are victims in the hands of cruel people. That's what the story is about. And for some reason it is believed that this story is about love and devotion. Were they here?

Tolstoy turned out to be such a not at all childish plot. Although, as in a traditional Russian folk tale, where the characters are animals, their actions here are projected onto people.

We have given a brief summary of the story “The Lion and the Dog” and several from the entire range of reader conclusions. You can find yours.

On the topic: "The Lion and the Dog."

The purpose of the lesson is to reveal the tragic meaning of the work “The Lion and the Dog”.

To achieve this goal, I consider it necessary to help children understand the meaning of this literary work, to instill a sense of love and kindness towards animals, and a sense of responsibility for them.

During the lesson, I used the technology of moral education with methods of problem-based learning and ICT.

Lesson effectiveness: I will try to ensure that the lesson touches all the emotional strings of every child’s soul. I sharpened my sense of compassion and responsibility for all living things, and I realized the position of a humane person.

Literary reading lesson, 3rd grade.

Lesson topic: "The Lion and the Dog."

Technology of moral education

Lesson type: combined lesson.

Methods and techniques: verbal method, working with a book, conversation, analysis, comparison, generalization, synthesis, expressive reading, selective reading, commented reading.

The purpose of the lesson: "The Lion and the Little Dog" revealed the tragic meaning.

Tasks:

1. Provide conditions for attracting children’s attention to the writer’s biography.

2. Help to understand what is special about the “true” genre.

3. Teach expressive reading for a deeper and more accurate transmission of thoughts and feelings embedded by the author in the work and analysis of the work.

4. Learn to express your own attitude towards the depicted events, characters and actions.

5. Foster a feeling of love and kindness towards our smaller brothers.

6. Children revealing the truths of life - trust, care, devotion and friendship, using the example of the relationship between a lion and a dog.

Equipment: a portrait, a presentation about life and work, a selection of slides on the topic of the lesson, an exhibition of books, children's drawings based on the writer's works, a tape recording of the story "The Lion and the Dog".

During the classes.

I.Organizing time.

The bell rang for our open lesson.

Good morning, children! Good morning, guests!

I'm glad to see you. May this morning bring us the joy of communication and fill our hearts with noble feelings.

Guys, try to tune in to interesting work, listen carefully, answer questions loudly and clearly.

II. Acquaintance with the biography of the writer.

Please look carefully at the slide and tell me what you can tell about this person?

Look at the face and eyes of this person, because they can tell a lot?

Try to remember what you became famous for?

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is a great Russian writer!

Today we will continue our acquaintance with the writer’s work and now we will hear a message about Tolstoy’s life.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828 in the Yasnaya Polyana estate, near the city of Tula. This is the house where Leo Tolstoy was born. Tolstoy did not like city life. He loved the countryside, forests, fields, meadows. Therefore, the writer spent most of his life in Yasnaya Polyana. By origin, Tolstoy belonged to a famous family. Was related to. Their great-grandmothers were sisters.

My father's name was Nikolai Ilyich, my mother's name was Maria Nikolaevna. There were five children in the family: 4 sons (Nikolai, Sergei, Dmitry, Lev) and a daughter, Mashenka. Lyovushka was the second to last child. The children were left orphans early. Mom died when Leva was only 1.5 years old, and father Nikolai Ilyich died 7 years later. The children's teacher and guardian was their father's sister.

Leo Tolstoy was different from many with his inquisitive mind; he wanted to know more and better. He had exceptional abilities for learning foreign languages. He was passionate about hunting, but could not stand the barking of dogs. Lev Nikolaevich was a simple man. He lived modestly and tried to take care of himself. I cut and sewed my own clothes. He walked in shoes on his bare feet. He cried easily, rarely laughed (but to the point of tears). He was artistic, but at the same time he was shy and absent-minded. He was well versed in music, studied history, drawing, medicine, agriculture, and read a lot and seriously.

He loved children very much and in the fall of 1859 he opened a school for peasant children on his Yasnaya Polyana estate. At that time in our country there were very few schools, even in cities, and in the villages almost all peasants were illiterate. Tolstoy himself wrote the textbooks “ABC” and “New ABC” and taught peasant children using them.

Lev Nikolaevich lived 82 years and devoted his entire life to literature. Tolstoy was a great worker. He wrote many short stories - for the little ones, stories - for older children, short stories, novellas, novels for adult readers. He wrote about animals, about people, about natural phenomena, about history. We all know such children's works as Filippok, Shark, Jump, Childhood, Kostochka, Kitten and others.

His books have been translated into many languages ​​and are read all over the world.

-What does the word reality mean?

Let us turn to Ozhegov’s “Big Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” and clarify the exact meaning of this word.

True story –

1. What happened in the past.

2. A story about a real incident.

Look who it is? (Lion - illustration on slide)

What do you know about such an animal as a lion? (Wild animal, predator, king of beasts.)

And who is this? (Dog – illustration on slide)

What can we say about dog? (A dog is a pet, a friend of man, the only close living creature, a friend)

Can two completely different animals (in temperament and habitat) find a common language? (children's answers: yes - no)

We will learn about this while working on this work.

Who guessed what is this story called?? (Lion and dog)

IV. Work on the content of the work “The Lion and the Dog”.

A) Primary perception of the text.

Now I invite you to listen to a story that happened a long time ago, in the distant city of London, the capital of England.

I have never been to the country of England, I have never been to the city of London. Perhaps this story was told to the writer by one of the sailors who visited the port of London. And when Lev Nikolaevich heard her, he did not remain indifferent to her and wrote a story about it - “The Lion and the Dog.”

Sit comfortably and listen carefully to this story. And after that you must answer my question: What (and not about whom) is this story about?

The audio recording was “The Lion and the Dog”.

Did you like the story?

You listened very carefully to this story. So answer my question: What is this story about?

(About the love and affection of animals for each other)

Tell me how you felt listening to this story? (Sadness, sadness, anxiety.)

Name the main characters. (Lion and dog).

Where does the action take place? ( in the menagerie)

Which episode did you find most intense?

Did you feel sorry for anyone?

B)Vocabulary work.

Before reading the text, we will work on difficult words and together discover the meaning of these words.

What words did you not understand?

Please note that these words that are difficult for you to understand are arranged on the slide in the following order.

Menagerie– a place where animals are kept in cages for display. Now it is called a zoo.

Master- a rich man who has servants.

Bristle– raise the fur on the back, preparing to defend or attack.

fought – hit, pounded, made sudden movements.

Tossed about – moved restlessly from side to side.

Dead- died.

Deadbolts– large door latches.

B) Rereading the text.

The children read in a “chain” (paragraph by paragraph).

- Let’s read the text carefully, and then share our impressions.

IN). Conversation on content as a whole. Analysis of the work.

Why did the man catch the dog and bring it to the menagerie? Find and read the answer to my question. ( For watching wild animals they took money or animals (cats or dogs) to feed the animals. This man had no money, but he wanted to look at the animals in the menagerie).

Look at the cruelty of humans towards animals in the past.

How was this cruelty of people expressed in this work? (Cats, dogs and money are equal. In the text, these words are connected with the conjunction “or”. If there is no money, then domestic animals, human friends, can be given to feed wild animals.)

Find the word “grabbed” in the text. Read the entire sentence.

Choose a synonym for the word "grabbed."

In his work, he did not describe the appearance of the dog and the lion, and did not talk about their experiences in detail. But he wrote a lot about the behavior of these animals.

Read, how the lion behaved ? (He walked up to her, sniffed her, looked with curiosity, touched her with his paw...)

Why didn’t he tear her to pieces, but became interested in her? What surprised him?

Find and read this place.

(The dog, with an intelligent look, seemed to ask him not to eat it. She was very kind, playful and affectionate, and began to wave her tail affably.)

Why? (he loves her because she is small, kind and defenseless)

Let's remember what animal is a lion? ( Predator, king of beasts, large animal, powerful growl)

By what action from the text do we see that he is a predator? Find it in the text and read it.

(.. tore off a piece of meat and shared it with her)

How did the lion treat the dog? (The lion liked her. The lion treated her kindly, became friends with her, fell in love with her.)

Find and read this moment in the text. (Since then, the dog lived in the same cage with the lion, the lion did not touch her, ate food, slept with her, and sometimes played with her).

In the evening the dog laid its head on the lion's paw. What does this mean? (She can rely on him, trusts him, he will not offend her, will not betray her).

What did the feelings of the dog and the lion develop into? IN friendship.

The lion and the dog lived together in the same cage for a whole year.

Why do you think the story of a whole year of life fits into one sentence? (Life in a cage in captivity is neither fun nor particularly eventful.)

-What's going on with the dog?? (The dog got sick and died)

Find and read an excerpt from the text about how the lion experienced the death of the dog? (The lion stopped eating, but kept sniffing, licking the dog and touching it with his paw).

How does a lion feel about losing his dog? (hopelessness, he doesn’t know how to get his friend back)

All day long he struggled, thrashed about in the cage and roared, then he lay down next to the dead dog and fell silent).

Why did the lion begin to gnaw the bolts and the floor? ( I couldn’t find a place for myself. Perhaps he realized that he can no longer remain in the cage, he is trying to break free, but cannot do it).

Did the owner try to change the situation? How? Find this moment in the text and read it. (gave me a new dog)

Why did he kill the other dog? (the pain of loss did not cool down, remained faithful to his friend)

Why doesn't the lion accept the new dog? (friends don’t change, I was her devoted)

With whom does he compare the lion himself and his feelings?

(depicted the lion as a man, showed how he experiences grief and loss.)

Read the last two sentences to yourself.

Tell me, how does this story end? ( Leo was a devoted friend, therefore, shocked by the death of the dog, he died and survived it for several days).

What's the ending to this story? ( sad)

This story is a real tragedy. And tragedies, guys, are... (children express their opinions).

- Tell me, guys, who do you feel sorry for now? Why?

Tell me, please, is it possible for completely different animals, in size, lifestyle, character, to experience deep and strong feelings for each other? ( children's answer options)

This story proves to us that animals, just like people, have a heart, they understand everything, feel what is happening, worry, they can be attentive and caring towards each other. Very often they turn out to be wiser, more sensitive, kinder and more loyal than us.

Now each of you touch your heart. Can you hear him?

Can you always notice the pain and joy of both people and animals?

I am pleased that in our class there are children with sensitive hearts.

V. Lesson summary: reflection.

Guys, did you like today's lesson?

What stood out to you most about this story? What particularly struck you?

- So what is this story about? ? (About the devotion and love of animals for each other)

- How do you feel when you leave the lesson?

Homework: Come up with your own ending to the story so that it is joyful.

Your creative works will be appreciated accordingly.

Before the end of the lesson I want to let you down lesson summary:

All works unobtrusively teach us, give us new knowledge, introduce us to other people’s life experiences, teach us goodness and justice.

Using the example of the story The Lion and the Dog, I would like to conclude that people control the destinies of animals as they wish. And the lion’s behavior is a lesson to people. A lesson in kindness, loyalty, devotion.

Thank you for being very sensitive in class today and being able to understand the deep meaning of this literary work.

Read the aphorism written on the board.

“THE GOOD YOU DO FROM YOUR HEART, YOU ALWAYS DO FOR YOURSELF” L.N. Tolstoy

How do you understand these words? (Your heart requires it. If the good is sincere, then you yourself will receive satisfaction from it).

Everything we do always comes back to us like a boomerang. Good deeds are good. Remember this!

Repetition of knowledge acquired in the previous lesson.

What do you already know about this writer?

Lev Nikolaevich was a very kind, generous person and knew how to feel other people's troubles and suffering. And he retained these qualities until the end of his life.

Which work by L.N. We met Tolstoy in the previous lesson? ("Bounce")

Checking homework

Now let’s check how carefully we studied the work. There are tests on your desks. You have to read the task carefully and mark the correct answers with a circle.

Test. Choose the correct answer.

1. Why did the father have a gun in his hands?

a) was going to watch the sea

b) was going to feed the monkey.

c) was going to hunt

2. What did the captain do?

a) jumped overboard

b) shot into the air

c) shot the boy

d) shot the monkey

3. What did the captain shout?

a) “Help!”

b) “Jump into the water now! I’ll shoot you!”

c) “Stay still!”

d) “Back!”

4. What did the boy do?

a) grabbed the rope

b) grabbed the edge of the sail

c) jumped into the water

d) hung on the crossbar

5. What did the sailors do?

a) climbed the mast

b) stretched the canvas under the mast

c) jumped into the water

d) they also started shooting

6. How was the boy saved?

a) pulled out of the water and pumped out

b) caught on a stretched canvas

c) removed from the mast

7.What did the captain do after that?

a) ran to his cabin and cried

b) fell on the deck and cried

c) took the boy to the cabin.

8. What is the theme of the work?

a) overcoming fear

b) the desire to catch a monkey

c) father's courage

Raise your hands who passed/failed the test.

What is the reason for the errors?

Trial action.

Now, I suggest you work in pairs. Rules for working in pairs (repeat).

Take advice and draw a CELL on a sheet of paper.

Discuss in pairs what you drew (discuss);

If you see an option like this, you don't need to raise your hand.

(each pair offers their own answers and displays unique pictures)

– Drawings appear on the board:

cage for birds or animals.

chess cage.

plaid material.

cell (notebook)

The teacher adds with his drawings:

staircase.

rib cage.

cell of a living organism.

What can you say about the word CELL? What is it like? (multiple)

– What do you think, when a cell has a positive and when a negative value?

The children's opinions were divided.

Positive characteristics

Without a cell an organism could not exist

Keep evil animals (predators) so they don’t get bitten

Transport cats

To avoid falling on the stairs

The checkered tablecloth is more beautiful

Couldn't play checkers/chess without a cage

The chest protects the internal organs (teacher's addition), etc.

Negative characteristics

Poachers catch animals in cages

It is cruel to keep animals in cages

The bird will forget how to fly in a cage

The cell separates from its home

Animals are better off in the wild than in cages, etc.

The cage was invented by a man. It can become both a decoration and a means of protection, including from wild animals.

Program content: teach children to retell the text, improve intonation expressiveness of speech, achieve consistency in the presentation of content, enrich the vocabulary with definitions, adverbs, verbs, and anonymous names.

Progress of the lesson

Guys, listen to one of L. Tolstoy’s works “The Lion and the Dog” (the teacher reads a true story).

Guys, what genre do you think this work is? Fairy tale, poem, story?

Why? (there is no fairy tale plot, no rhyme).

It was a true story because it was based on real events that actually happened.

What events happened: sad or happy?

What other words can you call this work, these events? (sad, sorrowful, dreary).

Where do the events take place? (in the menagerie).

Who is the main character? (lion and dog).

What can you say about a lion? What is he like? (majestic, big, mighty, shaggy, king of beasts, beautiful, graceful).

What kind of dog? (small, cowardly, plaintive, kind, playful, cheerful, friendly).

What happened in the beginning? (the dog was thrown into the lion's cage to be eaten).

How did the lion behave when the dog was thrown to him? (the lion sniffed the dog, touched it with his paw, looked at the dog, turning his head from side to side, and did not touch the dog).

How did the dog behave? What did she do? (at first she tucked her tail and pressed herself into the corner of the cage, then she lay on her back, raising her paws, and began waving her tail, standing on her hind legs in front of the lion).

How did a lion and a dog live in the same cage? (They became friends. When the lion was given a piece of meat, he tore off a piece and left it for the dog. The dog slept with its head on the lion's paw. They ate together, slept together, and sometimes played.)

What happened one day? (The master came to the menagerie and, recognizing his dog, wanted to take it back.)

How did the lion behave when they tried to take the dog from the cage? (The lion bristled and roared).

How long did the lion and the dog live in the same cage? (The whole year.)

What happened next? (the dog got sick and died).

How did the lion behave after the death of the dog? (He stopped eating, sniffed, licked the dog, touched it with his paw. He was sad, sad, rebelled, growled).

When another live dog was thrown into the lion's cage, what did the lion do?

(he immediately tore it into pieces. He hugged his dog with his paws and lay there for five days)

What happened to the lion? (He died.).

Guys, why do you think the lion died? (He died of grief, melancholy, pain, sadness.).

What would you call this true story? (“A sad story”, “An incident in a menagerie”, “How a lion fell in love with a dog”, “The dog and the lion”.).

Guys, would you like the ending of this story to be different?

How do you think this story could end?

Now I will read you L. Tolstoy’s story “The Lion and the Dog” again; listen carefully and remember.

I'm reading the text.

Guys, when retelling, do not forget that you need to speak clearly, clearly, distinctly, loudly, consistently and expressively.

Retelling the story.