Jewelry in the life of ancient societies. The role of decorative art in the era of Ancient Egypt (grade 6)

Fine arts lesson in 5th grade

Lesson topic:“The role of decorative art in the life of ancient society. Ancient Greek vase painting"

Lesson objectives:

Deepen students' knowledge of the art of Ancient Greece. To introduce students to Greek vase painting with the styles (black-figure and red-figure) and subjects of ancient Greek ceramic painting.

Develop the ability to comprehend the laws and phenomena of nature through mythological images;

Broaden the horizons of students, promote the development of imagination and aesthetic taste when depicting a plot on a sketch of a vase.

To develop associative-figurative thinking, creative activity, to introduce and cultivate respect for the values ​​of world culture.

Form the emotional sphere of the child’s personality.

Lesson objectives:

To contribute to the formation of students’ knowledge about the styles and subjects of ancient Greek ceramic painting;

to promote the development of skills to convey the unity of form and decor, to build decorative and ornamental compositions in the tradition of ancient Greek art based on the rhythmic repetition of plant or geometric elements;

contribute to instilling interest in the culture of the peoples of Ancient Greece and cultivating accuracy when performing creative work.

Equipment:

Computer;

Multimedia projector.

Map "Greece in the 4th century BC"

Table “Types of Greek vases”

Table “Types of ornaments”

Drawings of vases (black-figure style, red-figure style).

Illustrations (photos) of vases

Materials for the lesson:

Handouts (cards depicting scenes and types of ornaments for painting a vase), silhouette blanks of ancient Greek vessels and their fragments made of cardboard and paper.

Art materials (colored paper, cardboard, scissors, glue, brushes, gouache, A4 paper, pencils).

Technological cards with the sequence of making the vase.

Visual range:

presentation “In the city of the goddess Athena.”

video about Greek vases;

reproductions of black-figure and red-figure vases;

elements of floral and geometric patterns for painting Greek vases;

handout for each desk with a picture of a Greek vase.

Musical series: Melody of the Greek dance "Sirtaki", music by Greek composer Chris Spheeris.

I. Organizing the class for work.

II. Message of the topic and purpose of the lesson:

(Sounds mmelody of the Greek dance "Sirtaki")

The topic of our lesson today: “Greek vase painting” (written in a workbook). During the lesson, we will remember the material that you studied on the history of the Ancient World and about Greek culture. Let's get acquainted with Greek vase painting, the features of its execution and make a sketch of a vase.

III. Let us now remember the lessons of ancient history(Work on the map “Greece in the 4th century BC”)

Question: On which peninsula is Ancient Greece located?

Answer: Ancient Greece is located on the Balkan Peninsula.

Question: In what part of Greece is the city of Athens located?

Answer: Attica

Question: What is the city of Athens famous for?

Answer: Athens is one of the most beautiful cities of Ancient Greece, famous for its architecture (Parthenon, Temple of Athena Nike, works of sculpture (bronze statue of Athena and statue of Zeus by Phidias) (Presentation).

Today we are interested in one of the city districts – Keramik.

A student says: Keramik is an area where potters lived and where pottery workshops were located. The narrow, cobbled streets of Keramika meander between the blank walls of houses with locked gates. There were no sidewalks. The townspeople poured out slops and threw waste directly into the street. In the evening, because of the mud and stinking puddles, it was impossible to walk along Keramik without lighting the road with resin torches. However, Keramik was known far beyond the borders of Hellas: in monotonous tiled houses lived skilled potters and artists who created magnificent painted vases.

Question: What does the word "ceramics" mean?

Answer: Products that were sculpted from clay and then fired.

Ceramics were a companion throughout the life of ancient man. She stood at his cradle, they took his first sip. She decorated even the poorest hut. Family supplies were stored in it. It was a reward for the winner at the games. Greek potters (people made vases from clay), who occupied entire neighborhoods and cities, made vessels from clay of a wide variety of shapes, sizes and purposes.

Today we will get acquainted with only a few basic forms of Greek vases, but in fact there are more than a hundred of them. The purpose of the vase dictated its shape, which in turn determined the method of shaping. Almost all Attic vases were divided to contain three different liquids, the most important in Greek life: wine, water and olive oil. The most frequently needed containers were for storing wine. Let's look at the drawings of Greek vases.

(Table “Types of Greek vases”)

The most common Greek vessel is the amphora.

Amphora- a vase with two strong vertical handles; two wooden sticks were inserted into them and carried by two people. Amphoras were used to pour wine and water, they were used to store and transport grain, and they could be of a wide variety of sizes.

Kanfar (Fig. 1.) – a bowl for wine.

Oinochoya (Fig. 2) – a jug for water or wine.

Crater (Fig. 3) - with a wide neck for mixing wine with water.

Hydria (Fig. 4) - a jug for carrying water with three handles for lifting it onto the head, and a third vertical handle for removing it from the head.

Lekythos (Fig. 5) - a tall cylindrical vase with a narrow neck, a cup-shaped mouth and one handle, usually used for olive oil. The narrow neck allowed the oil to be poured in a thin stream; the mouth had a sharp edge on the inside to prevent the oil from dripping when pouring.

Skithos (Fig. 6) – a large bowl for wine. The Greeks drank wine, diluting it with water; drinking undiluted wine was considered bad form and was called “drinking the Scythian way”

Kiaf (Fig. 7) – a ladle for diluted wine.

Kiliki (Fig. 8) – drinking bowls, flat, with a stem and two handles (the most common)

Pelika (Fig. 9) – storage vessel.

The words “vessels” and “dishes” in Latin are vases. You and I know that in Ancient Greece, vases were made from baked clay. (Write in your workbook).

Question: Guys, what do you think vase painting is (learning answers)

Answer: Vase painting is the painting of ceramic (from the Greek “keramos” - clay) vessels. (Write in workbook)

On ancient Greek vases one can distinguish an ornament and a picture - a plot painting. (Table “Types of ornaments”)

Question: Let's remember what is called an ornament?

Answer: An ornament is a repeating pattern.

Greek vessels are covered with ornaments. The less important parts of the vase – the leg and neck – were decorated with ornaments.

Was very common meander – in the form of a broken or curved line with curls. There is a legend that long ago in Greece people saw a river bed from a high hill. It wriggled and looked like a loop. This is how the famous Greek ornament arose.

The Greeks loved to depict wave – this is the water element, purification.

Ornament - palmette It was a pattern of leaves reminiscent of palm leaves.

Lotus bud - a symbol of life.

The main part of the vessel, its body, is occupied by a painting - a plot painting, which depicts genre and mythological scenes. From them we can get an idea of ​​what the ancient Greeks looked like, their clothing, customs - after all, the paintings on the vases depicted mythological heroes, everyday life and sports scenes. The paintings glorified exactly what was most valued and worshiped. And they worshiped the perfection and beauty of man. (Working with the textbook)

Question: Look (Illustrations (photos) of vases) Greek vases are similar in shape, but how do they differ from each other?

Let's look at the styles of painting vessels. It is customary to distinguish two styles of vase painting (Writing in a workbook).

black-figure –(demonstration) the background remained red, the figures were covered with black varnish, and light lines of folds of clothing and facial features were scratched across the black image.

red-figure –(demonstration) the background was filled with black varnish, and the figures remained red, and black lines, folds of clothing and other details were applied to them.

The most favorite theme for Greek painters was the wonderful mythology of the Greeks, full of gods, heroes and fantastic creatures

Medusa Gorgon is a woman with snakes on her head instead of hair, a chimera with the body of a lion, goat and dragon, and a nine-headed hydra.

The most famous vases are “Achilles and Ajax playing dice”, Hercules fighting the Lernaean hydra”, “Hercules in battle with a lion”, etc.

Beautiful painted vases were loved by the Greeks and are known far beyond the borders of Greece. Unfortunately, time has not been kind to the antique vases - many of them broke. But thanks to the painstaking work of archaeologists, some vases were glued together, and to this day, they delight us with their perfect shapes and the shine of black varnish. The largest collection of ancient Greek vases is in the Hermitage. (Physical minute)

IV. Practical execution of work.

Exercise. – Guys, today you have the opportunity to play the role of “Greek potters and painters.” Only you will not make your vases from clay, but will cut them out of paper and paint it.

Students need to cut out the shape of a vase from red or black paper. (optional), stick it on a sheet of colored cardboard and paint it with watercolors or gouache in the style of Greek painting.

Students are given technology cards with the sequence of completing the vase. Safety instructions are provided when working with scissors. Reminds children how to cut out the vase shape symmetrically.

Students are given illustrations of different shapes of vases.

(During the work, music by the Greek composer Chris Spheeris is played).

V. Consolidation of new material (Reflection).

It takes place in the form of a game “Fill the vase with knowledge”: a drawn ancient Greek vase is hung on the board, students take turns coming to the board and filling the vase with the correct answers.

Guys, what type of decorative art did you learn about in class today? (Greek vase painting)

A pattern built on repetition and alternation of its constituent elements is called ... (Ornament)

A legend, a legend about gods, heroes is called … (Myth)

Vases in which wine and oil were stored are called ... (amphoras)

A large vase in which wine and water were mixed is called ... (Crater)

What does black-figure painting style mean? ? (The background remained red, the figures were covered with black varnish).

What does red-figure painting style mean? ? (The background was filled with black varnish, and the figures remained red).

VI. Summing up the lesson.

Displaying student work, commenting on lesson grades.

VII. Homework.

Find illustrations depicting ancient Greek vases and arrange them in an album.

Subject: fine arts.

Class: 5.

Topic: “Decoration – people, society, time.”

Lesson #1.

Date: 04/22/2011

Teacher: Khamatgaleev E. R.

Introduce students to the role of decorative art in the life of ancient societies, using the era of Ancient Egypt as an example.

Form an idea of ​​the symbolism of jewelry and clothing of this period.

To cultivate a moral and aesthetic attitude towards the world, art, and cultural history.

Develop associative-figurative thinking and creative imagination.

Equipment and materials:

Illustrative material depicting monuments of art of Ancient Egypt, clothing, amulets.

Literary series - poems by O. Tarutin from the book “What I Saw in the Hermitage”.

Art materials.

Handout: template doll.

Lesson Plan

Conversation about the history and culture of Ancient Egypt (remember history lessons):

Characteristic features of Egyptian culture;

Clothing, hairstyles and jewelry of the Egyptians, reliefs and paintings of Ancient Egypt that have come down to us.

Setting an artistic task (making an Egyptian costume using a template doll).

Practical implementation of the task.

Summarizing.

During the classes

Conversation.

Teacher. Hello guys! Today I want to start the lesson with a poem:

On the stove,

On the sarcophagus

On papyrus paper

And on everything that the eye sees,

The hieroglyphs are colorful.

Squiggles,

Circles...

Almost everything is familiar

Try and read it!

What country are we talking about? (Ancient Egypt.)

Right. This country is the birthplace of one of the most ancient cultures.

It is from here that you begin to study the history of ancient states.

What do you know about Ancient Egypt?

(This is the country of the pyramids-tombs of the pharaohs - the kings of Ancient Egypt).

In this country, people worshiped a large number of gods, many of which were similar to animals.

...We stand before a god named Horus.

We look at it with great surprise:

With all human appearance

He has the head of a bird!

He stands next to the lion-faced goddess.

And nearby the cow goddess is crowded,

And only the goddess Isis

She looks like a woman.

...We see a god named Thoth,

And also a goddess named Nut.

We remembered exactly

Who is this, who is that,

Probably a full fifteen minutes.

We learn about how the ancient Egyptians lived, what they believed, and what kind of clothes they wore by examining and studying the reliefs and paintings that have come down to us on the walls of the pyramids, temples, and sarcophagi of Ancient Egypt.

Egyptian clothing has remained unchanged for many centuries. In principle, we are talking about only two types of clothing: men's and women's. Only its decoration means the difference between individual social classes. But here, too, precise laws apply. Men during the Ancient and Middle Kingdoms wore a simple loincloth, skhenti, and the torso was free of clothing.

The pharaoh's shenti was made of thin, well-bleached linen or cotton; The artisan's hips were covered with a rough and rather thick canvas of natural color.

And it was from this simple bandage, which served as an “apron” (it was also work clothes), that the clothes “designated” for the powers that be – kings, gods and their retinue – began to be formed. Their hip cover is softly folded, decorated with colored belts, and its front part expands downward in the form of a triangle decorated with geometric patterns. In painting and sculpture there is a beautiful contrast between the white loincloth and the brown-red color of the male body. The skin color for the depiction of male figures was precisely established.

Unlike men, women and slaves had skin of a different specific color - yellow.

The women's costume was distinguished by its extreme simplicity: a straight, ankle-length kalasiris shirt, “tailored to measure,” with one or two straps, leaving the chest open. Sometimes they sewed a one-piece shirt with a deep neckline on the chest.

Egyptian women did not wear clothes at home, but decorated themselves with necklaces and bracelets. The hips were decorated with the thinnest chains.

All Egyptians carefully shaved their hair and covered their heads with a wig made of plant fibers or sheep's wool to protect them from the hot rays of the sun. By the way, the right to wear shoes - simple sandals made of palm leaves, papyrus, and then leather - belonged only to the pharaoh, and less often to his entourage. The signs of the pharaoh's royal dignity were a gold tied beard, a crown and a staff.

Egyptian women actively used cosmetics: they painted their eyebrows and eyelashes with black paint, painted wide green circles under their eyes, and painted their arms and legs with orange paint. The traditional decoration was uskh - a collar-necklace made of gold plates, precious stones, and pearls.

Graceful Egyptian clothing is complemented by jewelry. The Egyptians knew coining and engraving, they knew how to handle precious stones and their substitutes. It was in Egypt that all types of jewelry made from precious stones (rings, brooches, earrings, bracelets, tiaras) arose.

Setting an artistic task.

Now guys, make a traditional Egyptian costume yourself. You can use a template doll (as in Russian costume lessons), or you can create your own composition.

All the illustrative material and even history textbooks will help you in your work.

Completing the task.

Summarizing.

Express exhibition (Boutique “At Nefertiti’s”).

Map of the Nile River Our path lies to Ancient Egypt, an amazing country full of mysteries and wonders, one of the first civilizations, several thousand years distant from us. The mighty African Nile River, in the valley of which the life of the Egyptians was concentrated, crosses the lifeless desert like a blue lotus. The bright sun and warm, humid climate created excellent living conditions for people and influenced their clothes. With what grace light, open clothing emphasizes the beauty of tanned bodies, setting them off with its whiteness!

Pharaoh, the sovereign ruler of Egypt, was revered as the son of God on Earth. Elegant, colorful clothes set him apart from other people, emphasizing his special position in society. The headdress has long distinguished the rulers of all countries. The pharaoh and his dignitaries wore a magnificent striped klaft scarf, flowing down the sides in strict stripes and woven at the back like a braid. The royal greatness of the pharaoh was emphasized by the sacred symbols of the uraeus (protector cobra) and the griffin. A sign of the power of the pharaoh was also a high tiara - a double crown, decorated with the same symbols. Two scepters, a curved staff and a three-tailed scourge, as well as an artificial beard were signs of royal dignity and power. Pharaohs in claft and tiara

Mask of Pharaoh Tutankhamun The Egyptian's secret dream of continuing life after death was embodied in the cult of the dead. The ancient Egyptians built pyramids (tombs), the size and splendor of which depended on the nobility of the deceased person. In addition to the mummy, they contained images of the deceased and many different objects. Gold-encrusted furniture, rich clothes, symbols of power, luxurious vessels, gold jewelry, weapons, drinks and food were placed in the royal tomb. According to the beliefs of the ancients, it was necessary to provide the deceased with all the benefits that surrounded him during life.

Here is a massive pectoral pendant, superbly crafted, depicting a winged scarab supporting the rook of the Moon. Such a chest decoration was placed on the chest of the deceased pharaoh. Pay attention to the complex multi-tiered pattern that includes these symbols, to the marvelous variety of stones, to the euphonious combination of natural colors in the decoration. This is a wonderful work of decorative art from Ancient Egypt. Decorative and applied arts in Ancient Egypt were created for the glory of kings. Decor was a means of expressing the idea, power, strength, immortality of the king, and the Egyptians' ideas about eternal life.

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