Speech technique is the art of speaking beautifully. How to learn the technique of correct speech? Correct speech is the key to successful communication

Many consider competent speech to be a talent that is given to a select few and is necessary only in some areas of activity. In fact, everyone should think about how to develop speech. After all, good diction makes you listen to the person speaking and trust his opinion more. In addition, such a skill often contributes to career growth, especially if performing job duties requires frequent communication with people.

Basic techniques and exercises for speech development

Below we present the most effective exercises to improve your diction. Clear speech and a well-trained voice are the result of long and hard work on oneself. Therefore, it is necessary to perform these exercises regularly, and not occasionally, because this is the only way you will make progress in the development of your speech.

Warm-up for the articulatory apparatus

Before performing any exercises aimed at developing diction, short warm-ups will help you to prepare yourself for clarity of pronunciation. One of her options is to tightly clench a pencil with your teeth and say a phrase approximately 10-15 words long. Then take out the pencil and say the same phrase again. In order not to think about choosing a text every time, you can use any poem when performing this exercise.

Exercises aimed at improving their mobility and accuracy will also help you begin to speak better and strengthen the muscles of the organs involved in the speech process. After all, these are the characteristics that are required for the development of diction and high-quality pronunciation of sounds.

As you know, the most mobile organ of articulation is the tongue. Therefore, most of gymnastics is connected with it. There are many exercises, the regular implementation of which will eliminate the need to think about the question of how to develop speech. For example, you can stick out your tongue and try to reach it first to the chin, and then to the nose. Or, as if using a brush, use smooth movements to draw lines from the teeth to the larynx.

Pronouncing phrases with artificially complicated articulation

Tongue twisters for developing diction are considered a classic training option. With their help, you can practice clearly pronouncing different consonants in a calm environment. To achieve excellent results, it is enough to devote at least 5-10 minutes to exercise every day. However, to develop good diction there is one important rule: each phrase must be pronounced at a slow, medium and very fast pace.

You can start training with the simplest sentences, which teach you to clearly pronounce one or two sounds. For example, these could be:

There are also more complex phrases that help you understand how to learn to speak words clearly and quickly, in which the pronunciation of two or more sounds in difficult combinations is practiced:

• The talker said to the talkers: “I said, don’t tell the talker that the talker has started talking,” the talker has a talker. The talker began to speak, and the talker’s throat began to talk slightly, and then the talker said finally: “Stop talking, talker talker.”
• The commander spoke about the colonel and about the colonel, about the lieutenant colonel and about the lieutenant colonel, about the lieutenant and about the lieutenant, about the second lieutenant and about the second lieutenant, about the ensign and about the ensign, about the ensign, but was silent about the ensign.
• There is firewood in the yard, firewood behind the yard, firewood under the yard, firewood above the yard, firewood along the yard, firewood across the width of the yard, the yard cannot accommodate firewood! We'll probably move the wood from your yard back to the wood yard.
• The cap is not sewn in the Kolpakov style, the bell is not poured in the Kolokolov style, the cap needs to be re-packed, re-capped, re-forged, re-capped.
• The snake was bitten by the snake. I can't get along with the snake. From horror it has become narrower - the snake will eat it for dinner and say: “Start over.”

Pronouncing tongue twisters

There are also special tongue twisters for developing diction and eliminating problems with the pronunciation of certain sounds. A good way to figure out what exactly needs to be corrected is to listen to your own speech from the outside. Once the problems have been identified, you can begin to work on developing your diction.

First you need to learn how to pronounce an isolated sound correctly. Then it is necessary to achieve differentiation in speech of similar sounds, for example, “s” and “sh” or “r” and “l”. A significant help in correcting your speech can be pronouncing special phrases, for example:

• Lara played the lyre.
• Forty mice walked and found forty pennies, and two poorer mice found two pennies each.
• The Ligurian traffic controller was regulating in Liguria.
• A Cossack with a saber galloped towards Sashka to play checkers.
• Sasha walked along the highway and sucked on a dryer. Beavers wander into the cheese forests. Beavers are brave, but they are kind to beavers.
• The bull is blunt-lipped, the bull is blunt-lipped, the bull has a white lip and is blunt.
• There was a white-winged ram, which killed all the rams.
• I was at Frol’s, I lied to Frol about Lavra, I’ll go to Lavra, I lie to Lavra about Frol.

You should move on to working on the next sound only after you have achieved the correct pronunciation of the first sound.

Reading aloud

In addition to speaking tongue twisters, it is also useful to read aloud to develop diction. Recording your voice on a voice recorder can be a good incentive. Few people, having heard their speech, would not want to improve it. By reading passages from books and making audio recordings, you can practice your pronunciation until it becomes almost perfect.

How to learn to speak so that it is really pleasant and interesting to listen to you? When reading aloud, avoid monotony and change your intonation. In addition, it is worth changing the volume and speed of reading, learning to highlight the most important points with pauses. But at the same time, control your speech so that such pauses are appropriate and not too long.

Also, do not lose sight of the fact that a calm and confident voice is best perceived by others. Whether he will be like this largely depends on the mood and internal state of a person, his ability to control emotions. However, by developing diction, you can learn to speak calmly and convincingly. For example, why not imagine yourself as a politician and talk about the state of the economy in the country while sitting in front of a mirror?

Vocabulary expansion

Another important aspect that needs to be taken into account is the need for constant intellectual development and vocabulary replenishment. A well-developed person can carry on a conversation in any situation and find the right words. To become just like this, you should read more, solve crossword puzzles more often and attend various trainings on.

If you devote even a few minutes every day to working on improving your diction, within a few months you will begin to speak well, and your voice itself will be transformed beyond recognition. Moreover, all the efforts made will undoubtedly be rewarded over time.

Diaphragm training

In the question of how to deliver a speech, a very important aspect is the ability to control breathing. Without it, the text may be interrupted by pauses and breaths in places where this violates its meaning or worsens its emotionality. As a result, speech will become abrupt, and the meaning of what is said is perceived worse.

Therefore, one of the first exercises to develop diction should be training to develop proper breathing:

• Place your feet shoulder-width apart, straighten your spine, place one hand on your chest and the other on your stomach. Inhaling through your nose, push your stomach forward. Then calmly exhale air through a small hole in your lips, returning your chest and stomach to their original position.
• To start speaking better over time, you can make the exercise more difficult. To do this, try to maintain proper breathing and at the same time walk, run in place, imitate chopping wood or sweeping the floor.
• You can improve the development of diction with the help of the following exercise. To begin, inhale calmly, and as you exhale, hold out any vowel for as long as possible. When you can hold a vowel for more than 25 seconds, try changing the tone of your voice.

Main causes of speech problems

It is impossible to achieve positive results in the development of diction if you do not understand the causes of speech disorders. Only rarely are they associated with health problems and develop, for example, due to an abnormal jaw structure or a short frenulum of the tongue.

For many people, speech problems are caused by incorrect pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds, as well as the absence of the “L” or “R” sounds, or a violation of their pronunciation. A weakened articulatory apparatus may also be the cause.

Even if a person can speak well, pronouncing all sounds correctly, in particularly significant situations his speech may become slurred and unclear. After all, when pronouncing words, the articulatory apparatus needs to very quickly switch from one movement to another. This can only be achieved through active and intensive work of the muscles that need to be trained, for example, by regularly pronouncing tongue twisters for diction.

However, the main reason for slurred, quiet speech is a person’s shyness and lack of self-confidence. In such a situation, the development of diction is a secondary problem. First of all, you need to work on your own character and fight complexes.

Clear diction is not only important for singers, television presenters and public speakers - it also plays a special role in everyday life. If you have problems with diction, then some difficulties in communicating with people cannot be ruled out later, but you can correct the situation by starting classes with a teacher or starting self-study.

What is diction and why does it need to be developed?

Exercises to develop diction

Delivering a beautiful speech yourself

What is articulation

Organs of articulation

Exercises to develop articulation

1) First you need to develop the tip of the tongue. Imagine your tongue as a hammer, which you use to hit your teeth. At the same time, you need to repeat: “yes-yes-yes-yes.” Then move on to the letters “D” and “T” in the same way. 2) Let’s free the larynx and tongue. You need to quickly inhale through your nose and then quickly exhale through your mouth. Exhalation sound: “Ugh.” Wanting to strengthen the muscles of the larynx, instead of “Fu”, say “G” or “K”. 3) Before each phrase, it is important to be able to draw air in time. Let's develop this skill. Start reading a story out loud, taking a deep breath before each sentence. If you regularly perform this exercise, the desired skill will become a habit. Please note that inhalation, like exhalation, should be silent, almost unnoticeable to others. 4) Activate the labial muscles. Puff out your cheeks, then release the air through your clenched mouth. At the same time, say “P” and “B” (quickly, one after the other). 5) Do not forget to properly separate the air if you want your articulation to be developed. When a person speaks loudly, he usually needs more breathing. In turn, quiet pronunciation forces you to control your exhalation more. Alternately pronounce phrases in a quiet and then in a loud voice. 6) Try to learn how to pronounce vowels on one stream, alternating them with a clear pronunciation of consonants. Take a book and read a sentence. Now repeat it, ignoring the consonants. At the same time, the vowels seem to be pulled out a little. After this, insert clear consonants into the smooth flow of vowels.7) This technique also works to improve diction. Pronounce any words, highlighting their endings - they should sound clear and sharp. With the help of this exercise, your speech will gain more expressiveness. 8) Adopt several tongue twisters that will be different from each other. This will help you develop articulation. Start pronouncing tongue twisters slowly, but gradually the pace should increase. It is important that your phrases sound not only clearly, but also expressively.9) You have the power to improve the way the sounds you pronounce sound. Involve sounds that are “problematic” in your case. Now say out loud the words that include these sounds. You can use a dictionary for this purpose. The more often you practice this sound, the faster you will learn to pronounce it without any difficulty.

How nice it is to listen to a person whose speech is competent and interesting at the same time. Unfortunately, there are very few such people. Most often, the vast majority are tongue-tied, cannot construct both grammatically and stylistically, and use a poor vocabulary. And if such people also have to speak in front of the public, then the latter is worthy of regret.

Components of beautiful speech

Speech technique is a combination of several components, knowing which you can gradually learn. It includes several factors. And the main one among them is diction. Speech technique would be impossible without clear pronunciation of sounds - vowels and especially consonants. It seems that speaking clearly and clearly is easy. In reality, things are exactly the opposite, and learning diction can take a lot of time.

In addition, it is very important to be able to speak convincingly and emotionally. This is how you can control and influence your audience. Expressive, lively speech can captivate people so much that they agree with all the arguments of the speaker, without wanting to.

And further. It's important to know what to say. Speech technique hides many nuances that simply need to be taken into account and kept in mind constantly.

Maybe see a speech therapist?

It may very well be that you will have to remember such a specialist, despite the fact that you have already passed the age when he is so necessary. Some people have a real mess in their mouth, and some sounds are pronounced completely wrong.

Sometimes just understanding what you are doing wrong is enough to start speaking correctly. But it often happens that it is very difficult to correct the situation, so you shouldn’t even start. History knows many examples of famous speakers who had unproduced sounds, but this did not stop them from winning over the audience.

Are we going to Russian language class?

And one more nuance. Almost each of us speaks very quickly, “eating” many words and endings. In everyday life this is normal, because dialogue reigns here - if you didn’t hear, you can ask again. Although, of course, you need to strive to be clean and beautiful. Well, even more so on the podium! After all, here one side is already listening, and sometimes it’s very difficult to figure out what the speaker wanted to say. What are we really seeing?

Correct breathing

Breathing tends to cause a lot of confusion among people. We all breathe and cannot exist without it. What's so complicated about this? However, there are difficulties, and considerable ones. The speaker is like a singer or a musician who plays a wind instrument, who simply needs the correct breathing. It is this that will help maintain the clarity of the narration, the correct intonation, and will not allow the voice to break in the wrong place.

There are several, namely: thoracic, in which the shoulders rise upward, abdominal and diaphragmatic. As a rule, women breathe from the chest, unlike men. Perhaps this is why there are fewer good speakers among the fair half of humanity. After all, this art requires diaphragmatic breathing, that is, one in which the diaphragm works.

To set it up, you need to perform simple exercises, but it is important to do it regularly. After a short period of constant and persistent exercise, which in its load is no different from physical exercise, you will notice that you will begin to breathe completely differently.

How to train breathing?

Correct speech technique includes daily exercises to develop and optimize the respiratory system. We always speak while exhaling, and it is especially important that it be long, but not lead us to exhaustion. Unlike exhalation, inhalation should be vigorous and short. Otherwise there would be long, awkward pauses between words. Although in themselves they are also simply necessary for beautiful speech, nevertheless, these intervals should not be prolonged. That is why it is necessary to perform exercises for long inhalations, and you need to ensure that the air fills the diaphragm area, and then slowly, in portions, is consumed. At the same time, there is no need to bring yourself to a state where a person has already used up all the air, but continues to speak. It doesn't look very nice. It’s better to stop and “take your breath” again.

Diction also requires training

At the same time as performing breathing exercises, do not forget about diction. She should devote a small amount of time, 10-15 minutes daily. Very soon you will notice how your speech will become clear and well understood by others. There are many different diction exercises. But first you need to soberly evaluate your speech. To do this, it will be enough to simply record your voice on a voice recorder, and then listen to the recording very carefully. It would be a good idea to ask someone else to evaluate your diction; perhaps strangers will notice something that escapes your attention and hearing.

So, pay attention to the following points:

• Consonant sounds. What are they: correct or not, do we swallow them?
• What soft consonants sound like.
• How do you pronounce consonants at the junction of two words.
• How to pronounce unstressed vowels.
• How do consonants sound in different parts of a word?

Typically, you will notice some general trend or error. Perhaps others will hear something else while listening to the recording. All this is a frontier for the upcoming work on voice and speech in general.

Concept of articulation

In general, we can say that diction and articulation are one and the same thing. There are articulatory muscles that are involved in the process of sound formation, and they need to be trained. These muscles form the correct sounds, which is why it is important that they are strong and strong.

To strengthen them, you can and should do special exercises, which includes a set of exercises for the tongue, jaws, lips and even cheeks.

You can simply make faces, and then lightly massage your cheeks and lips. In addition, there are a lot of exercises for children with speech therapy problems. The most common of them are the “needle”, when you need to make the tongue sharp and stretch as high as possible in the nose, and the “shovel”, when the tongue is as relaxed as possible.

Search for a teacher

If you are very concerned about speaking technique, courses are the best thing you need. You can spend a long time learning to speak beautifully and correctly at home and not notice gross mistakes that nullify all your efforts. An experienced teacher and mentor will correct you in time and will not allow the mistake to take hold. The teacher’s speech technique will act as a standard and guiding star that will not let you go astray. It is the specialist who will tell you when you are quite ready to speak in front of people, and will stop you if it is too early and you still need to practice.

What and how to say?

So, even if you have been practicing diction and positioning the breathing apparatus for a long time, but you don’t know what to say, then it’s too early for you to speak. It is necessary that beautiful turns and phrases ripen in your head in time, the right words are remembered in time, and speech flows like a stream. For this purpose, you just need to read a lot and think about different topics. You need to try to find synonyms for many words and expand your vocabulary.

It is also very important to monitor the pace of speech. Many people chatter without noticing it. This makes it very difficult to fully perceive speech. We need to watch the pace at which we speak, it is not that difficult. At first you will have to pay attention to this, and then it will become a habit.

Gesticulation

Gestures are our second language. We simply need it, but there are rules here too. There shouldn't be too many gestures. Sweeping movements are also very distracting. That's why you need to learn to control your body. There is a whole science that studies facial expressions and gestures. Even a superficial acquaintance with her will be of great benefit, because you will learn to read body language at least a little. Every gesture should be thought through. First, study and objectively analyze the movements that you often use, and then make adjustments.

It is advisable to think through all gestures in advance, rehearse in front of a mirror, and demonstrate to your best friends.

If you tell everyone: “I want to speak beautifully... Speech techniques are so complicated!”, then you are unlikely to achieve anything. Beautiful and correct speech goes hand in hand with faith in one’s strength and success. All of them are necessary for almost each of us, because success and self-confidence are one of the main components of the modern world.

Practice - and you will undoubtedly succeed!

Olga Spirkina's television school "Ostankino TV" invites you to a workshop on speech techniques!

If you are looking for truly effective diction courses in Moscow, then you are making absolutely the right choice by choosing the speech technique workshop of the Olga Spirkina School of Television “Ostankino TV”, this is a real school of oratory in Moscow! After all, we don’t just offer diction courses, but a deep and versatile study of all the capabilities of the speech apparatus, aimed at staging the voice, breathing training, working on the emotionality and expressiveness of speech, expanding the vocabulary and speech patterns - this is what our school of oratory does specifically in Moscow. And this makes our speech technique courses one of the best in the capital!

The development of oratory at all times took place according to the classical scheme: a master (who is also a teacher), who had achieved great success in oratory, passed on his knowledge to students or free listeners who gathered for meetings. We did not deviate from this tradition, so each lesson will be held in a group, and it will be conducted for you by an experienced teacher - a true master of oratory, and also a professional, accomplished in one of the public professions directly related to the impeccable quality of speech. This is television, radio or acting.

Our speech technique courses are what is really important to everyone: diction, speech, breathing, voice, communication. You will work on all this in the workshop. You can practice each exercise in pairs, observe your own progress from lesson to lesson, and communicate productively.

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Course Description:

Correct speech is one of the most important signs characterizing a well-mannered, cultured person. Unfortunately, we must admit that now the beautiful speech has lost its ground. But if you want, you can learn to speak correctly and beautifully.

Brevity, simplicity, literacy

These are the basics of correct speech and competent speech. People have forgotten how to speak correctly over time for a number of reasons, starting with the widespread decline of culture in the 90s. This needs to be learned again. At least because competent speech not only characterizes a person positively, but also helps in communicating with other people. Imagine: you are talking with a person who abuses vulgar, slang words. Do you want to continue communicating with him? Hardly.

Every person can learn to speak beautifully. The richness of the language allows us to describe any objects with extreme accuracy. It is not at all necessary that the speech be verbose. After all, too long a narrative, even a beautiful and imaginative one, is very tiring and sometimes annoying. Therefore, we must remember that one of the main requirements for correct and beautiful speech is brevity. It is necessary to quickly move on to the main essence of the issue, not to delay the introduction, and not to be distracted by unnecessary trifles. Then your story will have the desired effect.

Of course, you need to speak competently. A person who often makes mistakes in accents or uses words incorrectly is absolutely unattractive. For example, all business speech can be crossed out with the word “lay down”, instead of the correct “put down”. In the same way, a boss who incorrectly places stress on words "document", "quarter", is unlikely to inspire favor and trust among business partners.

Techniques for correct speech production

For those who want to speak beautifully, various techniques provide every opportunity to:

• Correct breathing. By taking a deep breath, you will master breathing support while pronouncing vowels and consonants at a slow pace, pronouncing each syllable and each word. This helps to use all shades of language.
• Oratory. Smooth speech, correct articulation, and clear sound make the listener listen even more attentively to the narrator. Properly delivered speech includes training using patter, whispering, and artificially fast pronunciation.
• Brief, precise summary. Practice expressing your thoughts concisely.
• Logics. When communicating or speaking, you need to follow the logic of the narrative and cause-and-effect relationships. The logic of thinking and storytelling is based on general education and a broad outlook.

Using exercises to train your language, you will automatically expand your communication, gain confidence in the professional field, and learn the art of persuasion and easy manipulation of listeners.

Exercises for staging correct and beautiful speech will be useful in staging breathing, voice, controlling resonators, strengthening vocal strength and endurance, enriching intonation, and practicing the correct tempo of diction. How can you learn to speak great? The answer is simple - patiently practice the technique.

Lessons for establishing proper breathing

Phonation breathing is an important factor in correct speaking. The diaphragm is responsible for inhalation - the muscle that separates the thoracic region from the abdominal region and the muscles that control the movement of the ribs during breathing. The most natural position for comfortable breathing is lying on your back with completely relaxed muscles.

Make yourself comfortable by lying on your back. One hand on the stomach, the other on the chest. Try to inhale so that your chest remains motionless and your stomach rises. Exhale slowly and repeat this exercise until abdominal breathing is easy and without strain. This kind of breathing needs to become a habit. Moreover, such an exercise will well invigorate you from sleep.

Of course, to achieve the dream of word beauty, just correct breathing is not all you need. Most often the problem lies on a psychological level. This could be a fear of the public, residual memories from visits to a speech therapist in childhood, or simply the inability to interest the interlocutor.

You can easily cope with all this with the help of simple lessons on correct speech:

If you feel unsure of yourself, it is quite difficult to communicate and open up in front of your interlocutor.

There are several steps you need to take to free yourself from fear:

• acknowledge the presence of difficulties and prepare for the long work of getting rid of worries;
• understand the reason (you may even have to resort to a psychologist);
• survive a difficult situation, let go of the past forever and enjoy the present;
• start communicating - only methodically overcoming your fears will allow you to learn to communicate with people (you can mentally come up with plans, for example, 10 long conversations and 20 short conversations on public transport or in a queue);
• if it is difficult to immediately start conversations in a company, you can first communicate by phone (at least there will be no external manifestations);
• When training goes smoothly, you can take the initiative in meeting the opposite sex.

But there are still people who are naturally modest, and there is no need to suffer because of this. Modesty is not a vice! Work on yourself, on personal development, improve your skills of correct speech when communicating, try to be open and sociable.