Preservation and popularization of cultural heritage sites. Popularization of cultural heritage among young people
The cultural layer of the fortress of the 13th-16th centuries, with the remains of the fortress walls and towers, is included in the unified state register of cultural heritage sites (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation. The Ostrovskaya fortress was the only fortress in the Russian state located on a natural island formed by two branches of the river. Great, who gave the name to the city.On the territory of the cultural heritage object “Cultural Layer of the Fortress”, a regime of historical and cultural lands is established, under which it is permitted to carry out the work necessary to ensure the safety and conservation of the cultural heritage object, as well as carry out measures for the development of the museum complex and work to recreate valuable historical objects planning and development.
Currently, the preserved remains of the fortress walls and towers are being destroyed under the influence of the roots of trees and shrubs growing on them; the territory of the cultural layer is in a neglected state and is not used. In order to preserve the OKN, it is necessary to carry out landscape “rehabilitation” of the visually perceived elements that are part of the archaeological complex (the eastern part of the island).
The essence of the project consists of fencing the territory, clearing it and the preserved remains of fortress walls and towers from thickets of trees and shrubs, constructing walking paths, decorative flower beds and installing benches for rest.
The implementation of the project will serve to preserve valuable objects of historical planning and development, preserving both the cultural layer of the fortress itself and the cultural heritage sites located in the immediate vicinity. It will make the territory of the historical center of the city of Ostrov more attractive for tourists, will lead to an increase in tourist flow, and will improve the tourism opportunities of the region. The recreational area in the historical center of the city will be in demand by both local residents and guests of the city; it will turn the historical center into a cultural center with the possibility of family leisure.
Goals
- Preservation, popularization and use of a cultural heritage site, creation of an integral natural and cultural archaeological ensemble with high scientific, educational, aesthetic and demonstration qualities
Tasks
- Landscape “rehabilitation” of the visually perceived cultural layer of the fortress of the 13th-16th centuries that is part of the archaeological complex. elements (parts of the fortress wall, elements of fortress towers) by clearing the territory of thickets of trees and shrubs.
- Creation of a recreational zone on the territory of the object “Cultural layer of the fortress of the XIII-XVI centuries.” due to the installation of fencing of the territory, walking paths, decorative flower beds, and the installation of benches for rest.
Justification of social significance
Cultural heritage represents the main way of existence of a culture. Any loss of heritage will inevitably affect all areas of life of current and future generations, leading to spiritual impoverishment, breaks in historical memory, and impoverishment of society as a whole. Identification, study, preservation, use and popularization of cultural and natural heritage is an important step in preserving historical memory.As a result of archaeological excavations in 1975 conducted by A.N. Kirpichnikov on the territory of the cultural layer of the fortress of the 13th-16th centuries. In the city of Ostrov, Pskov region, the remains of monumental fortification architecture were discovered. Some of the exposed architectural remains were preserved and preserved by backfilling with sand and soil after the completion of the excavations. Currently, the eastern part of the island with the remains of the fortress walls and towers is in a neglected state.
One of the main objectives of the project is the desire to create an integral natural and cultural archaeological ensemble, with high qualities not only of a scientific and educational nature, but also of an aesthetic and demonstration nature. Demonstration of the cultural layer of the fortress in the context of synchronous historical and cultural objects of the immediate surroundings and in the unity of the historical and cultural landscape (unity of man and nature) will create a unique appearance for the monument, as harmonious elements of the existing natural and cultural complex.
The United Russia party launched the Small Town Parks project. The main goal is to create a comfortable urban environment. Victory Park in Ostrov is included in this program and the implementation of the project will begin in the near future. The territory of the cultural layer of the fortress with unique monuments located on it (the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (XVI century); two spans of a suspension chain bridge (1853), built by Decree of Emperor Nicholas I - the only two-span transport suspension bridge of the mid-19th century preserved in Europe , built according to the design of M.Ya. Krasnopolsky) is also located in the city center. The improvement of this territory will be an addition to the Small Town Parks project, which will serve the development of the social and cultural space, making it more comfortable, modern and a popular place for public recreation.
The implementation of the project will facilitate activities aimed at the protection and restoration of objects and territories of historical, religious and cultural significance.
Geography of the project
The organization's Charter specifies the specific territory of its activities - in the Pskov region. Taking into account the features of this project, its implementation will allow preserving and popularizing a cultural heritage site included in the unified state register of objects of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation and popularizing it not only for residents of the region, but also for tourists from all regions, as well as foreign citizens.Article 9.3. Powers of local governments in the field of conservation, use, popularization and state protection of cultural heritage sites
Commentary on Article 9.3
1.
The commented article establishes the powers of local governments in the field of preservation, use, popularization and state protection of cultural heritage objects. The powers of local self-government bodies in the named area are predetermined by the essence of local self-government, which lies in the fact that local government represents an independent and under its own responsibility decision by the population directly and (or) through local government bodies on issues of local importance based on the interests of the population, taking into account historical and other local traditions.
As practice shows, most often and most of all issues of local importance (including in the field of conservation, use, popularization and protection of cultural heritage objects) are resolved executive and administrative bodies of local government(local administrations, headed, as a rule, by heads of municipalities). This corresponds to the provisions of paragraph 3 of Art. 10 of the commented Law, according to which (in addition to federal and regional executive authorities), measures for the preservation, use, popularization and state protection of cultural heritage objects are carried out by local administrations or those included in their structure and authorized in the field of preservation, use, popularization and state protection of cultural objects heritage sectoral (functional) or territorial bodies.
The general legislative basis for the exercise of their powers by local self-government bodies is the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Articles 12, 130 - 133), constitutions and charters of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The basic legislative act defining issues of local importance and the powers of local self-government bodies themselves is Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2003 “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation.” In Art. Art. 14 (clause 13), 15 (clause 19.3), 16 (clause 18) of this Law establishes such issues of local importance as the preservation, use and popularization of cultural heritage sites for urban and rural settlements, municipal districts and urban districts.
The general powers of local government bodies to resolve these and other issues of local importance are enshrined in Art. 17 of the said Federal Law. It lists only a few of the many powers that local governments have to exercise. Clause 1.1 of this article states that on issues related in accordance with Art. Art. 14, 15 and 16 of the Federal Law of October 6, 2003 N 131-FZ on issues of local importance, federal laws, charters of municipalities may establish the powers of local governments to resolve these issues of local importance.
2.
Judging by the content of the commented article, the powers of local government bodies in the named area are related to the preservation, use, popularization and protection of cultural heritage objects of local (municipal) significance (clauses 2, 3) or such objects located owned by municipalities(clause 1, 3.1). The general rules and conditions for the implementation of certain powers of local government bodies are partially enshrined in the articles of the commented Law.
Directly in the commented article the following powers of local governments are provided:
- preservation, use and popularization of cultural heritage objects owned by municipalities;
- state protection of cultural heritage sites of local (municipal) significance;
- determination of the procedure for organizing a historical and cultural reserve of local (municipal) significance;
- ensuring conditions for accessibility of cultural heritage sites owned by settlements or urban districts for people with disabilities.
The first two powers (from the general list of powers) of local authorities of a city district and urban settlement are also provided for in the Fundamentals of the Legislation of the Russian Federation on Culture (Article 40). The textual difference in the norm on the authority to protect objects of cultural heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of local (municipal) significance lies in the fact that the commented Law deals with “state protection” of objects of local (municipal) significance, and in the Fundamentals of the Legislation of the Russian Federation on culture - simply about the “protection” of such cultural heritage sites, which seems legally correct and more consistent with the status and powers of local governments. Chapter VI of this Federal Law is devoted to the state protection of cultural heritage objects. (see comments to Articles 33 - 38).
In Art. 58 of the commented Law contains separate norms defining the procedure for the implementation of the third power from the commented article - on the procedure for organizing a historical and cultural reserve of local (municipal) significance (see comment to this article).
The powers to preserve, use and popularize cultural heritage sites owned by municipalities, as well as to ensure accessibility of such sites for people with disabilities, as already noted, stem from the responsibilities of the owner of the cultural heritage site, which in this case is the municipal entity. Peculiarities of ownership, use and disposal of a cultural heritage object are established by Chapter VIII of this Federal Law (see comments to Articles 47.1 - 50.1). The procedure for ensuring conditions of accessibility for disabled people of cultural heritage sites included in the unified state register of cultural heritage sites (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation was approved by Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation dated November 20, 2015 N 2834.
It should be noted that the commented article was introduced into the commented Law by Federal Law of December 29, 2006 N 258-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with Improving the Separation of Powers”, and since 2014 it began to contain the so-called an open (incomplete) list of powers, in connection with which local government bodies have the opportunity to exercise also, as stated in paragraph 4 of the article, " other powers provided for this Federal Law and other federal laws". For example, Article 5.1 (subclause 3, clause 3) of this Federal Law stipulates that the requirements for the implementation of activities and the requirements for urban planning regulations within the boundaries of the territory of a place of interest of local (municipal) significance are established by the local government body authorized in the field of conservation , use, popularization and state protection of cultural heritage objects. The powers of local government bodies in the field of preservation, use, popularization and protection of cultural heritage objects (in addition to the commented article) are also stated in Article 13, paragraph 1 of Article 14, paragraph 16 Article 16.1, paragraphs 3 and 5 of Article 18, paragraph 3 of Article 22, paragraph 1 of Article 23, paragraph 2 of Article 27, paragraph 2.1 of Article 31, paragraph 2 of Article 45, clause 11 of article 47.6, clauses 1, 5 of article 58, etc. of this Federal Law.
Our region has a rich historical and cultural heritage. These are ancient settlements and burial grounds, rock carvings in the Yashkinsky district, the historical and architectural complex of the historical center of Mariinsk, old Kuznetsk, historical and architectural monuments of the Soviet period.
There are more than 1,200 historical and cultural monuments under state protection in the Kemerovo region, including about 300 architectural and urban planning monuments, more than 150 historical monuments, 31 monuments of monumental art, and almost 800 archaeological monuments.
Giving official status to objects of historical and cultural heritage ensures legal regulation of relations in the field of their preservation and use, in the event of the emergence of property relations and carrying out repair and restoration work.
Issues of preserving cultural heritage are regulated by the Federal Law of June 25, 2002 No. 73-FZ “On objects of cultural heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation”, in the Kemerovo region - Law of February 8, 2006 No. 29-OZ “On cultural objects heritage (historical and cultural monuments) in the Kemerovo region."
The executive body of the Kemerovo region, authorized in the field of preservation, use, popularization and state protection of cultural heritage objects, is the Department of Culture and National Policy of the Kemerovo Region. By order of the Governor of the Kemerovo region dated March 15, 2007 No. 23-rg “On the scientific and methodological council on cultural heritage sites of the Kemerovo region,” a scientific and methodological council was created, which included highly qualified specialists in the field of architecture, archeology, history and monumental art.
In order to increase the efficiency of activities in the field of preserving cultural heritage, the Order of the Board of Administration of the Kemerovo Region dated December 23, 2009 No. 1190-r approved the Concept for the Preservation of the Cultural Heritage of the Kemerovo Region. State authorities and local governments, owners and users of historical and cultural monuments are adopting a system of measures aimed at preventing damage and destruction, as well as preserving cultural heritage sites.
To preserve the urban environment and natural landscape, protection zones for cultural heritage sites are established. The network of museum-reserves continues to develop in the region. Thus, in the Tashtagol region a municipal cultural institution was created - the Trekhrechye Museum, in the city of Mariinsk - a municipal cultural institution "Mariinsk Historical Museum-Reserve", whose tasks include the preservation and popularization of cultural heritage sites, as well as the development of educational and excursion activities.
The active development of the economy of our region obliges us to treat more carefully the most ancient objects of cultural heritage - archaeological monuments. In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, economic development of land must be preceded by a historical and cultural examination to identify the presence or absence of archaeological monuments.
Repair and restoration work was carried out on architectural monument buildings:
- “Palace of Labor” (Kemerovo College of Culture and Arts);
Drama Theater (Novokuznetsk), “House of Merchant Pyankov” (Museum of the History of Peasant Life - Krasnoe village, Leninsk-Kuznetsky District);
The plant management building of the Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Plant, the KMK Palace of Culture and Technology, the Metallurgists' Theater (Novokuznetsk);
Palace of Culture of Metallurgists (Gurievsk).
Work has been carried out to repair and improve the territories of historical monuments and monumental art. Design documentation has been developed for the restoration of the federal monument “Palace of Culture named after. Artem" (Prokopyevsk), a monument of regional significance "School of the Kemerovo Mine (Kemerovo).
Cultural heritage is spiritual, cultural, economic and social capital of irreplaceable value. Heritage feeds modern science, education, and culture. Along with natural resources, this is the main basis for national self-respect and recognition by the world community. Modern civilization has realized the highest potential of cultural heritage, the need for its conservation and effective use as one of the most important resources of the world economy. The loss of cultural property is irreplaceable and irreversible.
According to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Objects of the Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation,” objects of the cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation include objects of real estate with associated works of painting, sculpture, decorative and applied art, objects of science and technology and other objects of material culture that arose as a result of historical events that are valuable from the point of view of history, archaeology, architecture, urban planning, art, science and technology, aesthetics, ethnology or anthropology, social culture and which are evidence of eras and civilizations, authentic sources of information about the origin and development of culture .
One of the main activities of the body for the protection of cultural heritage sites is the popularization of historical and cultural monuments.
The popularization of cultural heritage objects is understood as activities aimed at organizing their accessibility for everyone and their perception by everyone, the spiritual, moral and aesthetic education of people, increasing their educational level and organizing leisure time, as well as other activities that contribute to the implementation of state protection, conservation and use cultural heritage site.
The popularization of cultural heritage objects is aimed at realizing the constitutional right of every citizen of the Russian Federation to access cultural values, the constitutional obligation to take care of the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, and to preserve historical and cultural monuments.
Popularization includes the following:
- implementation of public accessibility of immovable cultural heritage by its owners and users;
- inclusion of cultural heritage sites and their territories in tourism activities;
- coverage of issues of state protection, preservation and use of objects in the media, including the release of popular information, reference and advertising publications, the creation of television and radio programs, films and videos dedicated to immovable cultural heritage;
- studying issues of state protection, conservation, use and popularization of cultural heritage objects as part of educational programs at all levels;
- preparation and holding of scientific and practical conferences, seminars, thematic exhibitions and presentations on issues of state protection, conservation and use of cultural heritage sites;
- creation and maintenance of information resources on the Internet on cultural heritage issues;
- other events classified by law as popularization.
It is known that the population not only uses objects of cultural heritage, but also forms criteria for their attitude towards them. If the concept of the historical and cultural significance of monuments is blurred or lost in the minds of citizens, then activities to protect them turn into a sum of activities that lack perspective.
The opportunity to get acquainted with the best examples of cultural heritage is undoubtedly one of the most effective forms of popularization of cultural heritage and deserves all possible support and development.
In addition, an integrated approach to the popularization of cultural heritage sites involves the inclusion of adolescents and young people in socially significant activities, which ensures their access to cultural heritage sites and is an effective means of self-realization for young people. A programmatic approach to popularizing cultural heritage sites seems to be the only possible one and will allow one to concentrate financial resources on carrying out specific work on specific cultural heritage sites.
In order to popularize cultural heritage among young people, which will be carried out by state authorities, local governments, public organizations, and the media, it is necessary to develop a series of programs, youth projects, materials that will be aimed at popularizing cultural heritage; to ensure the interest of young people in the field of journalism, which is dedicated to historical and cultural heritage; to focus on the need to pursue a unified state policy in the field of popularization of the cultural heritage of Russia.
Thus, we can conclude that today the time has come to study, popularize, and preserve the cultural heritage of Russia. The fate of our country and the future of Russia already depend on our views, actions of young people, and attitude towards our Fatherland.
On the official portal of draft regulatory legal acts, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation has posted the draft Federal Law “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Objects of Cultural Heritage (Monuments of History and Culture) of the Peoples of the Russian Federation” and certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation.”
The bill, as conceived by the developer, is aimed at improving the procedure for implementing state supervision in the field of protection of cultural heritage sites.
The commentary by the head of the Legal Service of the Moscow Patriarchate, Abbess Ksenia (Chernega), was published in the September issue (No. 5, 2017).
The bill provides for the establishment of public control over the preservation, use, maintenance and popularization of cultural heritage sites. The implementation of such control, according to the draft law's developers, is delegated to public organizations through public inspections created by them. Members of such inspections, if the bill is adopted, will have the right to freely visit and inspect cultural heritage sites. The bill does not take into account the fact that if the inspected cultural heritage site is owned by a religious organization, it is necessary to take into account the regime for carrying out worship services and other religious activities, as well as the possibility of using technical means of communication, audio, photo and video recording, technical and instrumental control.
In addition, the right of religious organizations to act as founders of newly created public inspections is not provided for. At the same time, the bill excludes the possibility of including in the composition of public inspections persons who are in labor or civil relations with the owners of cultural heritage objects.
Obviously, in its current version, the draft Federal Law “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Objects of Cultural Heritage” and certain federal laws” cannot be supported.
The Russian Orthodox Church proposes to remove cultural heritage sites owned or used free of charge by religious organizations from the provisions of public control. With the blessing of His Holiness the Patriarch, appropriate amendments have been developed, according to which compliance with legislation in the field of protection of such cultural heritage sites should be controlled exclusively by state inspectors in the field of protection of cultural heritage sites, who can, in the exercise of their powers, visit and examine cultural heritage sites owned or use of religious organizations only with their consent and taking into account their internal regulations. In addition, according to our proposed amendments, the technical means necessary for carrying out inspections, including means of communication, audio, photo and video recording, as well as means of technical and instrumental control at facilities owned (used) by religious organizations and their territories may be used by government inspectors only with the consent of the relevant religious organizations and taking into account the regime for performing religious rites.
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