A cultural monument located in your region. You will be allowed to come to the exam with your mother
Methodological materials for implementation
tasks 10 VPR
in history
View document contents
“Methodological materials for completing task 10 of the VPR in history. CULTURAL MONUMENTS OF THE SAKHALIN REGION"
CULTURAL MONUMENTS OF THE SAKHALIN REGION
Methodological materials for implementation
tasks 10 VPR
in history
TASK 10
Indicate the name of any one cultural monument located in your region. Using knowledge of the history of your region, tell us about this monument. Your story must contain at least two historical facts.
Monument to Lenin in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk- This is one of the most ancient monuments of the city. It is installed on the famous square of the same name in the very center of the city. The opening of the monument took place on November 6, 1970 and was timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Lenin.
The project was developed by the country's most eminent sculptor of that time - Hero of Socialist Labor, People's Artist of the USSR, full member of the USSR Academy of Arts, laureate of the Lenin and State Prize of the USSR, sculptor Evgeniy Vuchetich.
Lenin Vladimir Ilyich
Creator of the socialist state
- (1870-1924)
Monument to the victims of the Neftegorsk earthquake
One of the most memorable monuments in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. It was installed in memory of the victims of the earthquake that occurred in Neftegorsk on May 28, 1995.
In 1995, a powerful earthquake occurred in Neftegorsk, which claimed the lives of more than 2,000 city residents.
In 2000, a monument to the victims of the Neftegorsk earthquake was opened on the station square in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.
The monument was made by talented young sculptors.
In 1890, A.P. Chekhov visited Sakhalin Island. During the trip, he collected a wealth of material about the life of Sakhalin convicts and settlers. In 1895, the book "Sakhalin Island" was published.
Monument to A.P. Chekhov in the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
The opening of the monument to Anton Pavlovich Chekhov took place on July 10, 1990 near the building of the regional scientific library of the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.
The presence of the Moscow Art Theater artists gave a special solemnity to the event. A.P. Chekhov, led by the artistic director of the theater O. Efremov. Among the Moscow Art Theater participants was actress Sofya Pilyavskaya, who knew Anton Pavlovich’s wife and sister.
The bronze monument was created by Moscow sculptor Alexander Alekseevich Tyurenkov. The installation of the monument was led by architects Yaroslav Druzhinin and Myn Song Gi.
Monument to Gennady Ivanovich Nevelsky
in the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
The monument was erected on October 25, 2013 at the intersection of Mira Avenue and Kommunistichesky Avenue.
It was Nevelskoy who annexed the eastern outskirts of Russia, proved that Sakhalin is an island, founded the Muravyovsky post, which laid the foundation for the city of Korsakov, and it was his expedition that founded the Ilyinsky post.
Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy(November 23 ( 5th of December) 1813 , Drakino , Kostroma province - April 17 (29) 1876 , Saint Petersburg) - Russian admiral(1874), explorer Far East, founder of the city Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. Proved that mouth Cupid accessible for marine vessels to enter and that Sakhalin - island .
Monument to the crew of the cruiser "Novik"
Monument to the sailors of the legendary cruiser Novik, which took part in the Russo-Japanese War and was sunk near Korsakov in 1904. The monument was opened on August 20, 2014 in the area of the Korsakov sea trade port. It is dedicated to the sailors of the legendary cruiser Novik, as well as all the heroes of the Russian-Japanese War. The initiators of the installation of the monument were a group of Korsakov residents led by priest Alexander Pezhemsky.
Russia has always had many monuments. But only a few became the most famous, the most iconic works of art. So, our 10 most famous monuments in Russia:
1. Monument to Peter I - Moscow
The official name is the Monument “In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of the Russian Fleet.” The author of the monument was Zurab Tsereteli. The grandiose sculptural composition was installed on an artificial island on the spit, at the confluence of the Moscow River and the Obvodny Canal, not far from the famous Red October confectionery factory. The opening of the monument was timed to coincide with the celebration of the 850th anniversary of Moscow. The total height of the monument is 98 meters, it is the tallest monument in Russia, and one of the tallest in the whole world.
clickable:
2. Monument “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” - Moscow
“Worker and Collective Farm Woman” is an outstanding monument of monumental art, “an ideal and symbol of the Soviet era,” representing a dynamic sculptural group of two figures with a hammer and sickle raised above their heads. Author - Vera Mukhina; concept and compositional plan of the architect Boris Iofan. The monument is made of stainless chromium-nickel steel. The height is about 25 m. It is located on Prospekt Mira, near the Northern entrance of VDNKh.
Initially, the monument to a worker and a collective farmer was developed for an exhibition in Paris, but the resulting result stunned everyone. After all, not only fundamentally new materials were used for the monument (stainless steel had not been used before), but also new principles of construction. After all, before this, it was also not necessary to enlarge it 15 times from life; it was a grand experiment.
Remarkable facts of the monument to the worker and the collective farmer:
· The monument to a worker and a collective farmer was delivered to Paris in 28 railway cars, but even this separation was not enough, because some parts did not fit into the tunnels and had to be cut further.
· Before the opening of the monument in Paris, sabotage was noticed in time, someone sawed off the cables of the crane that was assembling the monument at the exhibition, after which round-the-clock security was posted from volunteers and employees who came to assemble the monument.
· Initially, the monument to a worker and a collective farmer was assembled within 1 month; people worked in three shifts, sleeping only for three hours in a nearby barn, where a large fire was always burning in the center.
· In Paris, the monument was assembled in 11 days, although 25 days were planned.
· It is a symbol of the Mosfilm film studio.
· Dismantling, storage and restoration of the legendary sculptural composition cost the budget 2.9 billion rubles
3. Monument Motherland Calls - Volgograd
The sculpture “The Motherland Calls” in Volgograd is the compositional center of the monument-ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad”, located on. This statue is one of the tallest in the world, occupying 11th place in the Guinness Book of Records. At night, the monument is illuminated by spotlights. The total height of the monument is 85-87 meters.
Its military name is “Height 102”. During the Battle of Stalingrad, the most fierce battles took place here. And here they later buried the dead defenders of the city. Their feat is immortalized in the unique monument-ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad,” erected in 1967 according to the design of the famous Soviet sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich.
4. Monument-obelisk “To the Conquerors of Space” - Moscow
The monument to the “Conquerors of Space” was erected in Moscow in 1964 to commemorate the achievements of the Soviet people in space exploration. This is a 107 m high obelisk lined with titanium panels, depicting the trail left behind by a rocket located at the top of the obelisk. The poetic lines of Nikolai Gribachev are laid out in metal letters on the façade:
And our efforts are rewarded,
What, having overcome lawlessness and darkness,
We forged fiery wings
To your country and your age!
Initially, the option of placing the monument on the Lenin Hills (today Vorobyov Hills) between the building of Moscow State University was considered. M.V. Lomonosov and an observation deck overlooking Luzhniki. It was supposed to be made of smoky translucent glass with night lighting from the inside. The height of the monument was supposed to be 50 m. At the personal suggestion of S.P. Korolev, it was decided to cover the monument with a coating of “space” metal - titanium. The height of the grandiose monument doubled and amounted to 100 m, and the total weight of the entire structure was 250 tons. The final site for the construction of the monument was a vacant lot near the entrance to VDNKh and the metro station of the same name.
The monument became a symbol of a qualitative technological leap of its time: on October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first Artificial Earth Satellite, on April 12, 1961, the cosmos spoke the language of man - and this language was Russian.
Along with the obelisk, a new type of building structure was born - the inclined tower. History preserves in its tablets only one such structure - the famous “Leaning Tower”.
5. Monument “Millennium of Russia” - Veliky Novgorod
The Monument “Millennium of Russia” is a monument erected in Veliky Novgorod in 1862 in honor of the thousandth anniversary of the founding of the Russian state. The monument resembles a bell. Its upper part is a ball symbolizing power - the emblem of royal power. The total height of the monument is 15 meters. This is one of the most iconic monuments in Russia, more about it.
6. Monument to Sunken Ships - Sevastopol
The Monument to the Sunken Ships is the most famous military monument of Sevastopol, was depicted on the Soviet coat of arms of the city and is considered one of the main city symbols. The monument is located in Sevastopol Bay, near the embankment of Primorsky Boulevard. The majestic and proud monument to sunken ships is one of the most beloved by residents and guests of the city. It is a symbol and calling card of Sevastopol. Height - 16.7 meters.
There is another monument that is significant for Sevastopol - the brig "Mercury" and Captain Kazarsky. This was the first monument in the then young city. About it .
7. Monument to St. George the Victorious - Moscow
The statue of St. George the Victorious is located on the territory of Moscow’s Victory Park and is part of the memorial complex on Poklonnaya Hill. Located at the foot of the obelisk dedicated to the 1418 days and nights of the Great Patriotic War. Saint George the Victorious strikes a snake, which is a symbol of evil, with a spear. The statue of St. George the Victorious is one of the central compositions of the memorial complex.
8. Monument “Bronze Horseman” - St. Petersburg
The Bronze Horseman is a monument to Peter I on Senate Square in St. Petersburg. The opening of the monument took place in August 1782. It is the very first monument in St. Petersburg. Later it got its name thanks to the famous poem of the same name by A. S. Pushkin, although in fact it was made of bronze.
9. Monument to mammoths in Khanty-Mansiysk
The sculptural composition “Mammoths” appeared in Khanty-Mansiysk in 2007. The creation of this monument was timed to coincide with the 425th anniversary of the capital of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. The sculpture is located on the territory of the famous Archeopark. The sculptural composition consists of 11 bronze monuments. The total weight of these monuments exceeds 70 tons. All monuments are set in life size. The height of the tallest mammoth exceeds 8 meters, and the smallest mammoth is only 3 meters in height.
10. Monument “Alyosha”
Memorial “To the Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War” (“Alyosha”) is a memorial complex in the Leninsky district of the city of Murmansk. The main figure in the memorial is the figure of a soldier in a raincoat, with a machine gun over his shoulder. The height of the monument's pedestal is 7 meters. The height of the monument itself is 35.5 meters, the weight of the hollow sculpture inside is more than 5 thousand tons. “In its height” “Alyosha” is second only to the Volgograd statue “Motherland”. Nevertheless, it is among the highest monuments in Russia.
1. Write down the term in question. Participants in the mass propaganda movement of innovators and production leaders in the USSR for increasing labor productivity and better use of technology. The name is derived from the name of a miner from Donbass, who began the struggle to exceed production plans in 1935. Answer: ______________________ Stakhanovites
Read an excerpt from the historian’s essay and complete tasks 2–4. “After reviewing Hitler’s plan for encircling Moscow, Halder wrote in his diary: “The Fuhrer’s decision to raze Moscow and Leningrad to the ground is unshakable...” And in light of this, it is strange to hear the reasoning of some historians and writers today that in order to reduce losses it would be better not to defend Leningrad, but to surrender it. But then the entire population of this city would be destroyed. In the event of the surrender of Leningrad, there would have been a union of German and Finnish troops, the forces of Army Group North would have been transferred to Moscow and then, apparently, it would have been impossible to hold the capital and its entire population would have died. As a result, our total losses would increase even more. When assessing the results of the Great Patriotic War, the question of the cost of victory and our sacrifices during the war is especially acute. Due to the large losses, the overall significance of the achieved victory is called into question, since we allegedly won solely due to the fact that we overwhelmed the enemy with our corpses. But the results of the war, the price of victory, are, first of all, the defeat of the enemy, the defense of the Motherland, the liberation of one’s own and other peoples from fascist enslavement. If we could not win and were defeated, our country would lose everything, and the total losses would be immeasurably greater. There are no words, the losses and losses of this war are immensely difficult, but still they are not the same as is often portrayed. Thus, in one of the works, which analyzed various post-war publications on losses, as in many other books and articles, data on losses is derived not from reliable sources, but through various kinds of arithmetic calculations. Sometimes irretrievable and sanitary losses are mixed (i.e., the wounded, who for the most part returned to the front).”
2. Indicate the year when the war mentioned in the passage began. Name the leader of the USSR during this period. Answer: __________________ _ 1) year – 1941; 2) leader of the USSR - J.V. Stalin
3. What opinions regarding the history of this war does the author consider incorrect and refutes? Please indicate any two opinions. Answer: ____________ 1) that in order to reduce losses it would be better not to defend Leningrad, but to surrender it; 2) that the huge losses of the USSR in the war negated the significance of the victory achieved; 3) that the losses of the USSR during the war were significantly higher than real ones
4. Indicate one military event (phenomenon, process) in the history of our country, when the enemies managed to take Moscow, but in the course of further military operations they were defeated. Answer: __________ 1) Polish-Lithuanian intervention during the Time of Troubles, when the Seven Boyars opened the gates of Moscow to the Poles 2) Patriotic War of 1812, when Kutuzov decided to surrender Moscow to the French
5. Fill in the empty cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each gap indicated by a letter, select and write down the number of the required element in the table. Century Event (process) Participant in the event (process) ______(A)______(B) Vladimir the Holy. XX century _____(B)________(D) XVII century. Time of Troubles ________(D)_______(F) Introduction of the oprichnina ______(F)______(G)_____(I) Alexander II Missing elements: 1) XVI century. 2) baptism of Rus' 3) J.V. Stalin 4) XIX century. 5) Ivan IV the Terrible 6) X century. 7) abolition of serfdom in Russia 8) Yaroslav the Wise 9) V. I. Shuisky 10) industrialization in the USSR 11) P. S. Nakhimov 12) XIV century. 6 (A) 2 (B) 10 (C) 3 (D) 9 (E) 1 (F) 5 (G) 4 (G) 7 (I)
Review the diagram and complete tasks 6 and 7. 6. Indicate the name of the battle indicated on the diagram. Battle of Kulikovo 7. Indicate the name of the city indicated on the diagram by the number “2”. Moscow
Look at the image and complete tasks 8–10. 8. Indicate the century when this monument was created and the city in which it is located. 1) century – XIX century. ; 2) city – Novgorod 9. Indicate the event to whose anniversary this monument is dedicated. the beginning of statehood in Rus' (the calling of the Varangians to Rus') or the millennium of Russia.
10. Indicate the name of any one cultural monument located in your region. Using knowledge of the history of your region, tell us about this monument. Your story must contain at least two historical facts. If the monument depicted in the photograph is located in your region, then it should not be indicated; another monument must be indicated. Raifa Monastery A monument erected in Veliky Novgorod in 1862 in honor of the thousandth anniversary of the legendary calling of the Varangians to Rus'. The authors of the city of Bolgar monument project are sculptors Mikhail Mikeshin, Ivan Schroeder and the island-city of Sviyazhsk, architect Viktor Hartman. The monument is located in the Novgorod Detinets, opposite the St. Sophia Cathedral and the former building of the Government Places. Syuyumbike Tower in Kazan
Read the list of events (processes) and complete tasks 11 and 12. 1) the struggle of the Old Russian state with the Pechenegs in the 11th century. ; 2) Battle of Poltava; 3) uprising on Senate Square; 4) carrying out the policy of “perestroika” in the USSR. Select any one event (process) from this list and complete tasks 11 and 12, considering the selected event (process) in each task. Indicate the number that indicates the event (process) you have chosen.
11. Name any one participant in the event (process) you have chosen. Indicate any one of his actions (actions) during participation in this event. 1) the struggle of the Old Russian state with the Pechenegs in the 11th century. ; Participant – Yaroslav the Wise. His act (action) during participation in this event was the defeat of the Pechenegs in 1036, where in 1037 he built the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv on the same place. 2) Battle of Poltava; Participant - Peter I. His act (action) during participation in this event is the largest general battle of the Northern War, the defeat of the Swedish army. 3) uprising on Senate Square; Participant – P. G. Kakhovsky. His act (action) during participation in this event mortally wounded General M. A Miloradovich. 4) carrying out the policy of “perestroika” in the USSR. Participant – M. S. Gorbachev. His act (action) during participation in this event was the introduction of openness and state acceptance.
12. What was the influence of the event (process) you chose on the further history of Russia and/or world history? Be sure to use your knowledge of historical facts when answering.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
CULTURAL MONUMENTS OF THE SAKHALIN REGION Methodological materials for completing assignment 10 of the VPR in history
2 slide
Slide description:
TASK 10 Indicate the name of any one cultural monument located in your region. Using knowledge of the history of your region, tell us about this monument. Your story must contain at least two historical facts.
3 slide
Slide description:
The Lenin Monument in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk is one of the most ancient monuments in the city. It is installed on the famous square of the same name in the very center of the city. The opening of the monument took place on November 6, 1970 and was timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Lenin. The project was developed by the country's most eminent sculptor of that time - Hero of Socialist Labor, People's Artist of the USSR, full member of the USSR Academy of Arts, laureate of the Lenin and State Prize of the USSR, sculptor Evgeniy Vuchetich. Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Creator of the socialist state (1870-1924)
4 slide
Slide description:
One of the most memorable monuments in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. It was installed in memory of the victims of the earthquake that occurred in Neftegorsk on May 28, 1995. In 1995, a powerful earthquake occurred in Neftegorsk, which claimed the lives of more than 2,000 city residents. In 2000, a monument to the victims of the Neftegorsk earthquake was opened on the station square in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. The monument was made by talented young sculptors. Monument to the victims of the Neftegorsk earthquake
5 slide
Slide description:
In 1890, A.P. Chekhov visited Sakhalin Island. During the trip, he collected a wealth of material about the life of Sakhalin convicts and settlers. In 1895, the book "Sakhalin Island" was published.
6 slide
Slide description:
Monument to A.P. Chekhov in the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk The opening of the monument to Anton Pavlovich Chekhov took place on July 10, 1990 near the building of the regional scientific library of the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. The presence of the Moscow Art Theater artists gave a special solemnity to the event. A.P. Chekhov, led by the artistic director of the theater O. Efremov. Among the Moscow Art Theater participants was actress Sofya Pilyavskaya, who knew Anton Pavlovich’s wife and sister. The bronze monument was created by Moscow sculptor Alexander Alekseevich Tyurenkov. The installation of the monument was led by architects Yaroslav Druzhinin and Myn Song Gi.
7 slide
Slide description:
Monument to Gennady Ivanovich Nevelsky in the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. The monument was erected on October 25, 2013 at the intersection of Mira Avenue and Kommunistichesky Avenue. It was Nevelskoy who annexed the eastern outskirts of Russia, proved that Sakhalin is an island, founded the Muravyovsky post, which laid the foundation for the city of Korsakov, and it was his expedition that founded the Ilyinsky post. Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy (November 23 (December 5), 1813, Drakino, Kostroma province - April 17 (29), 1876, St. Petersburg) - Russian admiral (1874), explorer of the Far East, founder of the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. He proved that the mouth of the Amur is accessible to sea vessels and that Sakhalin is an island.
8 slide
Slide description:
The bronze sculpture of the admiral was made by order of the regional Ministry of Culture by a team of craftsmen from the Moscow region art foundry "Lit Art" (headed by Alexander Ustenko)
Slide 9
Slide description:
Monument to the crew of the cruiser "Novik" Monument to the sailors of the legendary cruiser "Novik", which took part in the Russo-Japanese War and was sunk near Korsakov in 1904. The monument was opened on August 20, 2014 in the area of the Korsakov sea trade port. It is dedicated to the sailors of the legendary cruiser Novik, as well as all the heroes of the Russian-Japanese War. The initiators of the installation of the monument were a group of Korsakov residents led by priest Alexander Pezhemsky. . The author of the monument is Vladimir Chebotarev, Honored Artist of Russia.
10 slide
Slide description:
The cruiser Novik became widely known during the Russo-Japanese War. It was launched in 1900. In 1903 he arrived in Port Arthur. Until August 1904, he took part in the defense of Port Arthur, after which he went to the Korsakov post, where he was supposed to receive a supply of coal for further travel to Vladivostok. In the Korsakov area, he was met by a Japanese squadron and entered into an unequal battle with the cruiser Tsushima. In a short-lived battle, the cruiser Novik, having put the strongest enemy to flight, returned with significant damage to the roadstead of the Korsakov post. After examining the cruiser, it was decided to remove the guns and all equipment to strengthen the defense of the Korsakov post and scuttle it so as not to leave it to the enemy.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
Preparation for the VPR in history, grade 11 (Cultural monuments of the Kaliningrad region)
2 slide
Slide description:
Task 10. Indicate the name of any cultural monument located in your region. Using knowledge of the history of your region, tell us about this monument. Your story must contain at least two historical facts.
3 slide
Slide description:
Historical fact In historical science, two types of historical facts are distinguished: the actual historical fact and the scientific-historical fact. A historical fact is an actual event that took place and always has the following characteristics: localization in time and space, objectivity and inexhaustibility. Historical time is represented by chronological categories: year, millennium, era, period, stage and actions (correlations, juxtapositions, determination of duration and sequence, correlations of synchronicity/asynchrony).
4 slide
Slide description:
Historical time and historical space Historical time ensures the localization of the historical past in time and contributes to the development of temporal orientations. Historical space is represented by a set of natural-geographical, political, socio-cultural processes occurring in a certain territory.
5 slide
Slide description:
Historical movement The historical movement reflects the activities of man and society in various fields of activity: labor, social, political, cultural, educational, international, self-development.
6 slide
Slide description:
Scientific-historical fact A scientific-historical fact is a historical fact that has become the object of activity of a scientist historian; the result of an inference based on traces left by the past. These facts are always subjective and reflect the position of the scientist, the level of his qualifications and education. The educational subject most often presents scientific and historical facts that are described, systematized and explained. Any historical fact can contain the general, the universal, the individual.
7 slide
Slide description:
Taking into account this specificity, in the methodology of teaching history, three groups of facts are conventionally distinguished: a fact - an event - characterizing a unique, inimitable; fact-phenomenon - reflecting the typical, general; fact - processes - determining the universal.
8 slide
Slide description:
These facts have undergone logical processing and are presented in logical forms: representations (images) contain characteristics of the external side in the form of a description; concepts, ideas, theories that characterize the essence and provide an explanation of the historical past. Facts - processes are presented by description, explanation, assessment.
Slide 9
Slide description:
“A historical fact can be defined as information gleaned from a reliable source and subjected to interpretation, namely the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships. A historical fact may not be each of the infinite number of facts of the past, but only a socially significant phenomenon in the history of a society or an individual, that is, one that played a significant role in history and left its mark on its subsequent development.
10 slide
Slide description:
The concept of a region Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the Basic Provisions of Regional Policy in the Russian Federation” (1996). In the Decree, a region is understood as “a part of the territory of the Russian Federation that has common natural, socio-economic, national-cultural and other conditions.” A region can be either a separate subject of the Russian Federation or an association of several subjects.
11 slide
Slide description:
12 slide
Slide description:
The cathedral is an architectural monument of the 14th century. The first collegiate church was built in Altstadt by Bishop Siegfried of Samland in 1297–1302, south of the Castle. The construction of the new Cathedral was started by Bishop Johannes Claret (1320–1344) in the north-eastern part of the island of Kneiphof, which was transferred to the episcopate in 1322.
Slide 13
Slide description:
The founding date of the Cathedral is considered to be September 13, 1333, when Supreme Master Luther of Brunswick signed a charter to continue construction work. The cathedral was dedicated to “Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, Saint Adalbert and all the saints.” Even on the eve of the reforms, on September 27, 1523, the first evangelical sermon of Johann Brismann took place in the Cathedral, and on December 25, 1523, Bishop Polenz read his first sermon in German. In 1528 the Cathedral became the parish Lutheran church for the Kneiphof community, and in 1560 it was transferred to the university.
Slide 14
Slide description:
As the main temple of East Prussia, the Cathedral served as the resting place of the most prominent representatives of the secular and spiritual hierarchy. The walls of the Cathedral were decorated with more than a hundred epitaphs located inside and outside the building. Some of them have survived. Since 1588, at the northern wall of the choir there has been a “professor’s tomb”; the grave of Immanuel Kant (1804) was the last in this honorable row. In 1924, in connection with the 200th anniversary of the philosopher’s birth, according to the design of the Königsberg architect Friedrich Lars, a portico was erected over the grave, which has survived to this day.
15 slide
Slide description:
A special attraction of the Cathedral was the Wallenrodt Library, named after its donors - Counts von Wallenrodt, located in the south tower since 1650. As a result of the war, the unique collection of ancient books and manuscripts was partially lost and partially scattered among different libraries. Bookshelves, decorated with carvings in the Baroque style, were restored from photographs by Kaliningrad master carvers from the Maksik company.
16 slide
Slide description:
Organ The first organ is mentioned already at the consecration of the Cathedral. In 1695, an organ with 60 registers was installed, which greatly decorated the Cathedral. In 1718–1721, Johann Mosengel created (using some organ pipes from the 16th century) a magnificent organ with 58 registers, which was included in the list of the largest organs in the world. A total of five modifications to the organ followed. The Baroque design of the organ spanning the entire width of the middle nave amazed with its splendor and skill of execution.
Slide 17
Slide description:
The idea to recreate the organ appeared simultaneously with the start of work on the restoration of the cathedral. Russian President V.V. Putin, visiting Kaliningrad during the celebration of the city’s 750th anniversary in 2005, supported the idea of building an organ, and the necessary funds were allocated. The Alexander Schuke company from Potsdam, which has been working in Russia for many years, was chosen to create the organ. Currently, the Cathedral has a unique organ complex of two instruments: a choir (2006) and a large organ (2008). Both instruments (122 registers in total) have common synchronization and can sound together.
18 slide
Slide description:
Restorations In 1833, in connection with the 500th anniversary, the Cathedral underwent major renovations. During the work, medieval fresco paintings were discovered, but for fear of damaging the ancient paintings, they decided not to open them, but to leave them for descendants. During the Second World War, on the night of August 27-28, 1944, during a British air raid, the cathedral was badly damaged: everything inside burned out, the vaults partially collapsed. During the storming of Königsberg in April 1945, the cathedral again came under fire, but was not destroyed. The tomb of Immanuel Kant has been surprisingly preserved.
Slide 19
Slide description:
By Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated August 30, 1960 No. 1307, the Cathedral was recognized as a monument of republican significance, but no other measures were taken to preserve it, and under the influence of natural elements it continued to collapse. In 1981–1984, conservation work was carried out, which made it possible to preserve the walls of the Cathedral. Work on the restoration of the Cathedral began in 1994 under the leadership of Yu. A. Odintsov and was completed in 2005.
20 slide
Slide description:
Despite significant damage and losses, the Cathedral is one of the oldest architectural monuments and has great architectural, artistic and historical value, and is one of the main symbols of the city. Currently, the Cathedral is a concert and museum complex consisting of large and small concert halls, the Immanuel Kant Museum, the memorial burial site of Immanuel Kant and the Sculpture Park. Services are not held in the Cathedral, but there are Evangelical and Orthodox chapels.
21 slides
Slide description:
22 slide
Slide description:
Slide 23
Slide description:
The only Amber Museum in Russia was opened in 1979. It is located in the center of Kaliningrad on the shores of Lake Verkhne in the Don fortress tower - an architectural monument of the 19th century. In the center of Kaliningrad, on the picturesque shore of Lake Superior, there is a historical fortification structure - the “Don Tower”.
24 slide
Slide description:
The building, which forms a single architectural complex with the Rossgarten Gate, was erected in 1853 and named after a representative of an old noble family (known since the twelfth century) - Field Marshal Karl Friedrich Emilius Don Schlobiten, who participated in the Napoleonic War as part of the Russian-German Legion. The Don Tower was designed by the architects: engineer-captain Irfugelbrecht and engineer-lieutenant von Heil. The construction of the tower took place under the leadership of the chief of the engineering corps, Ernst Ludwig von Aster.
25 slide
Slide description:
The Don Tower implemented the idea of the French fortification engineer M.R. Montalembert about the possibility of creating a more powerful defensive structure due to multi-tiered niches for artillery pieces. The tower, round in plan, has a diameter of 34 meters and a height of 12 meters. The building consists of two above-ground floors and one underground (basement). The outer walls of the tower reach two meters in thickness. Just like in the Wrangel tower, which is a mirror image of the Don, there is an internal closed courtyard (guardroom), and special fortification bricks made by the multi-firing method were used in the construction.
26 slide
Slide description:
In April 1945, during the assault on Königsberg, the garrison located in the Don Tower was the last to surrender, thereby marking the end of the assault on the fortress city. On April 10, by order of Marshal A.M. Vasilevsky, the Victory Banner was hoisted on the Don Tower. Since December 1974, the Don Tower fortification has been a cultural heritage of federal significance and is protected by the state.
Slide 27
Slide description:
Nowadays, the historical “Tower of the Don” houses the only Amber Museum in Russia with unique exhibits, one of which weighs about five kilograms and is considered the largest amber in Russia. Next to the tower there is another historical landmark of ancient Koenigsberg - the Rossgarten Gate, which has preserved all elements of the complex to this day.
28 slide
Slide description:
Slide 29
Slide description:
History Rossgarten Gate (German: Rossgärter Tor) is one of the seven surviving city gates of Kaliningrad. Located at the intersection of Chernyakhovsky and Alexander Nevsky streets, next to Vasilevsky Square and the Amber Museum. The current gate building is located on the site where the gate of the same name was located, which belonged to the first rampart fortification of the city (early 17th century).
30 slide
Slide description:
The gate building that has survived to this day was built in 1852-1855 according to the design of Engineer Hauptmann and director of fortress construction Irfugelbrecht and Lieutenant Engineer von Heil in Königsberg. The design of the gate facade was developed by the secret supreme building councilor August Stüler, head of the Technical Construction Deputation in Berlin. The author of the sculptural decorations is Wilhelm Ludwig Stürmer.
31 slides
Slide description:
The first gate project was developed in 1852 by the department of fortresses in Königsberg. This project was significantly revised by Privy Councilor Stüler. Stüler himself worked out the design of the façade, giving it distinct Gothic forms. After the war, the gate was restored and began to be used as the cafe-restaurant “Sunny Stone”.
32 slide
Slide description:
