Essay: Dialogue between Chichikov and Ivan Antonovich in the Civil Chamber: the topic of bureaucracy. (According to the poem N

Dialogue between Chichikov and Ivan Antonovich in the Civil Chamber: the topic of bureaucracy.
(According to the poem by N.V. Gogol “ Dead Souls»)

Chichikov’s dialogue with Ivan Antonovich in the civil chamber is described in the seventh chapter of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”.

Having successfully completed a business trip to the surrounding landowners, Chichikov, in high spirits, begins to prepare documents for the completed purchase. Having gone to the civil chamber to complete the deed of sale - that is the name of the documents confirming the purchase of peasants - Chichikov first of all meets with Manilov. So together, supporting each other, they go to the ward.

There Chichikov encounters, as it turns out, red tape that is so familiar to him, the purpose of which is to extract from the visitor a certain monetary reward, that is, a bribe, from the visitor for any service due to him. After much questioning, Chichikov learns that a certain Ivan Antonovich is in charge of “fortress” affairs.

“Chichikov and Manilov went to Ivan Antonovich. Ivan Antonovich had already turned one eye back and looked sideways at them, but at that very moment he plunged even more attentively into the writing.

Let me know,” Chichikov said with a bow, “is there a serf table here?”

Ivan Antonovich seemed not to have heard and plunged completely into the papers, not answering anything. It was suddenly clear that he was already a man of reasonable years, not like a young talker and helipad. Ivan Antonovich seemed to be well over forty years old; His hair was black and thick; the whole middle of his face protruded forward and went into his nose - in a word, it was the face that in the hostel is called a jug's snout.

Let me ask, is there a serf expedition here? - said Chichikov.

“Here,” said Ivan Antonovich, he turned his jug’s snout and began to write again.

And here’s what I have to do: I bought peasants from various owners of the local district for withdrawal: I have a deed of sale, all that remains is to complete it.

Are there any sellers?

Some are here, and others have a power of attorney.

Did you bring the request?

He also brought a request. I would like... I need to hurry up... so is it possible, for example, to finish the matter today!

Yes today! Today it’s impossible,” said Ivan Antonovich. “We need to make more inquiries to see if there are any other prohibitions...”

Feeling that the red tape is intensifying, Chichikov hopes to speed up the matter and avoid unnecessary expenses by citing his good acquaintance with the chairman of the chamber: “...Ivan Grigorievich, the chairman, is a great friend of mine...”

“But Ivan Grigorievich is not alone; There are others,” said Ivan Antonovich sternly.

Chichikov understood the twist that Ivan Antonovich had made and said:

Others will not be offended either, I served myself, I know the matter...

“Go to Ivan Grigorievich,” said Ivan Antonovich in a somewhat gentler voice, “let him give the order to whomever he should, but the matter will not be left to us.”

Chichikov, taking a piece of paper out of his pocket, placed it in front of Ivan Antonovich, which he did not notice at all and immediately covered it with a book. Chichikov wanted to show it to him, but Ivan Antonovich with a movement of his head made it clear that there was no need to show it.

Here he will lead you into the presence! - said Ivan Antonovich, nodding his head, and one of the priests who were right there, who made sacrifices to Themis with such zeal that both sleeves burst at the elbows and the lining had long been peeling off from there, for which he received a collegiate registrar at one time, served our friends, as Virgil once served Dante, and led them into the presence room, where there were only wide armchairs and in them in front of the table, behind a mirror and two thick books, sat the chairman alone, like the sun. In this place, the new Virgil felt such reverence that he did not dare to put his foot there and turned back, showing his back, wiped like a matting, with a chicken feather stuck somewhere.”

Sobakevich also appears in the chairman’s office, by whom Ivan Grigorievich has already been notified of Chichikov’s arrival. “The chairman accepted Chichikov into his arms,” and things went like clockwork. Having congratulated him on the purchase, the chairman promises to arrange everything in one day. Deeds of sale are completed very quickly and with minimal costs for Chichikov. “Even the chairman gave an order to take only half of the duty money from him, and the other, unknown how, was assigned to the account of some other petitioner.”

So knowledge of office procedures helped Chichikov arrange his affairs without much hassle.

Goals: continue to familiarize students with the content of the poem “Dead Souls”; develop the ability to write character descriptions, determine the role and significance of the images of officials in revealing the author's intention; improve the ability to answer problematic questions and draw conclusions; cultivate a negative attitude towards bureaucracy.

Equipment: portrait of N. V. Gogol; illustrations for the poem; epigraph on the board.

No one has ever before

I haven’t written such a complete course

Pathological anatomy

Russian official.

A. I. Herzen

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizing time

1. teacher's greeting

2. Recording the date, topic of the lesson, epigraph in a notebook

II. Setting goals and objectives for the lesson. Updating students' knowledge and motivation educational activities

♦ Did you think, when you read the chapters assigned for homework, why, along with the landowners, Gogol also depicts bureaucracy provincial town? What place in social structure Tsarist Russia does this class occupy?

♦ Which work by Gogol, which you met in 8th grade, presents images of officials?

♦ What impression did the images of officials in the poem “Dead Souls” make on you?

III. Frontal problem-based research work on the topic of the lesson

1. Introductory conversation

♦ How does Gogol describe the building of the state chamber and its officials? (There are no living faces and people, they are replaced by heads, backs of heads, tailcoats, jackets)

♦ What sense does it make to compare them with hardworking bees? (Ironic)

2. analysis of Chichikov’s conversation with the official

Ivan Antonovich “jug snout”

♦ How did Chichikov manage to find the table of the serf expedition?

♦ How did Ivan Antonovich react to Chichikov’s request? Why did he say that the purchase of the deed of sale cannot be completed in one day?

♦ How did the conversation between Chichikov and Ivan Antonovich end?

♦ How does Chichikov’s character manifest itself in this episode?

Conclusion. Ivan Antonovich is a highly experienced specialist in his craft, a “poet” of the circular system of bribery. - an equally experienced official who knows how to behave in the government chamber, who understands that a bribe is the norm in this world, the entire bureaucratic apparatus rests on it.

♦ Why did the officials, after registering the deed of sale, decide to go to the police chief?

♦ How does Gogol characterize the police chief? What did he do to deserve the “universal love” of the city and merchants? (Being the most skillful bribe-taker and using his official position, he covered up all sorts of scams.)

♦ How does Gogol characterize other officials? What does it say about their relationship with each other and their superiors?

♦ In what episodes is the arbitrariness of officials revealed, ignoring direct official duties?

♦ What does the writer say about the spiritual interests and requests of officials?

Conclusion. In the collective author's description officials reveal outward benevolence and nepotism in their relations with each other and veneration and servility before the highest authorities. Officials are slackers, bribe takers, hypocrites, careerists, flatterers; they are people of extremely low spiritual culture. Gogol uses the technique of alogism: “The others were also more or less enlightened people: some read Karamzin, some Moskovskie Vedomosti, some didn’t even read anything at all.”

4. analysis of the scene of officials talking about

Relocation of Chichikov peasants to Kherson province

Š What are the inhabitants of the provincial town talking about and what opinions are they expressing regarding the purchase of Chichikov?

Š What advice did the inhabitants give Chichikov? How did he treat them?

Š What “favorable consequences” did the rumors surrounding Chichikov’s purchase produce?

Š How did the ladies of the city of NN react to the rumors and to Chichikov himself?

5. A dramatization of a conversation between a pleasant lady and a pleasant lady in all respects about Chichikov’s purchase of “dead souls”

6. analysis of the police chief’s council scene

Š What rumors and rumors spread throughout the city when it became known that Chichikov was buying “dead souls”? How do they characterize officials?

Š What worries officials most?

Š What aggravated the officials' anxiety? Why? (Appointment of a new governor general. A lot of violations were discovered. Everyone was plunged into indescribable fear.)

Š What measures did officials take for their safety?

Conclusion. The scene with the police chief reveals the inability of people deciding state affairs to think, analyze, and make decisions. Fear is the spring of all subsequent actions taken by them in order to prevent the impending danger. Fear also becomes the cause of the prosecutor's death.

7. generalization

Teacher. By character, habits, behavior provincial officials in many ways they resemble the officials from the “auditor”, but do not repeat them. In “Dead Souls” the writer showed not a narrow circle of provincial governors of the district, but the rulers of the city - the main administrative-territorial unit of Tsarist Russia. In addition, the bureaucratic environment is shown in close contact with both the local world and the life of both capitals, not far from which, according to Gogol, the city he depicted was located. This expands the spatial image and highlights the ubiquitous nature of bureaucratic arbitrariness. Thus, bureaucratic world the poems are the same world of “dead souls” as the landowner environment. Not only serfs, but also the entire people, the entire state were given into his power.

IV. Summing up the lesson and reflection

Questions for reflection

♦ How do you now understand Herzen’s words about “a course in pathological anatomy for a Russian official?”

♦ What did you discuss in today’s lesson that still applies to you today?

V. Homework

2) Prepare detailed retelling chapter episodes by option:

Option I: “Origin and years of study of Chichikov”;

Option II: “Chichikov’s official career”;

/// option: “Chichikov’s service at customs.”

3) Individual task: prepare short message o co

Holding and role in the poem “The Tale of Captain Kopeikin” (chapter

Literature lesson in 9th grade
"Provincial Olympus". Portrayal of bureaucracy in the poem

N.V. Gogol “Dead Souls”

Goals:

Continue to familiarize students with the content of the poem “Dead Souls”;

To develop the ability to write character descriptions, determine the role and significance of the images of officials in revealing the author's intention;

Improve the ability to answer problematic questions and draw conclusions;

Foster a negative attitude towards bureaucracy and corruption.

Equipment : portrait of N. V. Gogol; illustrations for the poem; epigraph on the board.

No one has ever before

I haven’t written such a complete course

pathological anatomy

Russian official.

A. I. Herzen

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizing time

1. teacher's greeting

2. Recording the date, topic of the lesson, epigraph in a notebook

II. Setting goals and objectives for the lesson. Updating students' knowledge and motivating learning activities

Conversation

♦ Did you think, when reading the assigned chapters, why, along with the landowners, Gogol also depicts the bureaucrats of the provincial city? What place does this class occupy in the social structure of Tsarist Russia?

♦ Which work by Gogol, which you met in 8th grade, presents images of officials?

♦ What impression did the images of officials in the poem “Dead Souls” make on you?

III. Frontal problem-based research work on the topic of the lesson

1. Introductory conversation

♦ How does Gogol describe the building of the state chamber and its officials? (There are no living faces and people, they are replaced by heads, backs of heads, tailcoats, jackets)

♦ What sense does it make to compare them with hardworking bees? (Ironic)

2. Analysis of Chichikov’s conversation with the official Ivan Antonovich “jug snout”

♦ How did Chichikov manage to find the table of the serf expedition?

♦ How did Ivan Antonovich react to Chichikov’s request? Why did he say that the purchase of the deed of sale cannot be completed in one day?

♦ How did the conversation between Chichikov and Ivan Antonovich end?

♦ How does Chichikov’s character manifest itself in this episode?

Conclusion.

Ivan Antonovich is a highly experienced specialist in his craft, “ poet" of the circular system of bribery. Chichikov is an equally experienced official, who knows how to behave in the government chamber, who understands that a bribe is the norm in this world, the entire bureaucratic apparatus rests on it.

3. Determination of the author's characteristics of officials

♦ Why did the officials, after registering the deed of sale, decide to go to the police chief?

♦ How does Gogol characterize other officials? What does it say about their relationship with each other and their superiors?

♦ In what episodes is the arbitrariness of officials revealed, ignoring direct official duties?

♦ What does the writer say about the spiritual interests and requests of officials?

Conclusion.

The author's collective description of officials reveals outward benevolence and nepotism in their relationships with each other and veneration of rank and servility before the highest authorities. Officials are slackers, bribe takers, hypocrites, careerists, flatterers; they are people of extremely low spiritual culture. Gogol uses the technique of alogism: “The others were also more or less enlightened people: some read Karamzin, some Moskovskie Vedomosti, some didn’t even read anything at all.”

4. Analysis of the scene of officials’ discussions regarding the resettlement of Chichikov’s peasants to the Kherson province

§ What are they talking about and what opinions are being expressed by the inhabitants of the provincial town regarding the purchase of Chichikov?

§ What advice did ordinary people give Chichikov? How did he treat them?

§ What “favorable consequences” did the rumors surrounding the purchase of Chichikov produce?

§ How did the ladies of the city of NN react to the rumors and to Chichikov himself?

5. A dramatization of a conversation between a pleasant lady and a pleasant lady in all respects about Chichikov’s purchase of “dead souls”

6. Analysis of the police chief’s council scene

What rumors and rumors spread throughout the city when it became known that Chichikov was buying “dead souls”? How do they characterize officials?

What worries officials most?

What aggravated the officials' anxiety? Why? (Appointment of a new governor general. A lot of violations were discovered. Everyone was plunged into indescribable fear.)

What measures have officials taken to ensure their safety?

Conclusion.

The scene with the police chief reveals the inability of people deciding state affairs to think, analyze, and make decisions. Fear is the spring of all subsequent actions taken by them in order to prevent the impending danger. Fear also becomes the cause of the prosecutor's death.

7. Generalization

Teacher.

By their character, habits, and behavior, provincial officials are in many ways reminiscent of officials from the “auditor”, but do not repeat them. In “Dead Souls” the writer showed not a narrow circle of provincial governors of the district, but the rulers of the city - the main administrative-territorial unit of Tsarist Russia. In addition, the bureaucratic environment is shown in close contact with both the local world and the life of both capitals, not far from which, according to Gogol, the city he depicted was located. This expands the spatial image and highlights the ubiquitous nature of bureaucratic arbitrariness. Thus, the bureaucratic world of the poem is the same world of “dead souls” as the landowner environment. Not only serfs, but also the entire people, the entire state were given into his power.

IV. Summing up the lesson and reflection

Questions for reflection

♦ How do you now understand Herzen’s words about “a course in pathological anatomy for a Russian official?”

♦ What did you discuss in today’s lesson that still applies to you today?

V. Homework

2) Prepare a detailed retelling of the chapter’s episodes according to the options:

Option I: “Origin,Chichikov’s childhood and years of study”;

Option II: “Chichikov’s official career”;

III option: “Chichikov’s service at customs.”

*** Individual task: prepare a short report on the content and role in the poem “The Tale of Captain Kopeikin” (Chapter 10).

Literature lesson in 9th grade “Provincial Olympus” - page No. 1/1

MBOU Veshkaimskaya secondary school No. 2 named after B.P. Zinoviev

Literature lesson in 9th grade
"Provincial Olympus". Depiction of bureaucracy in N. V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”

Prepared by: Volkova L.V.,

teacher of Russian language and literature

year 2013

Goals:

Continue to familiarize students with the content of the poem “Dead Souls”;

To develop the ability to write character descriptions, determine the role and significance of the images of officials in revealing the author's intention;

Improve the ability to answer problematic questions and draw conclusions;

Foster a negative attitude towards bureaucracy and corruption.

Equipment : portrait of N. V. Gogol; illustrations for the poem; epigraph on the board.

No one has ever before

I haven’t written such a complete course

pathological anatomy

Russian official.

A. I. Herzen

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizing time

1. teacher's greeting

2. Recording the date, topic of the lesson, epigraph in a notebook

II. Setting goals and objectives for the lesson. Updating students' knowledge and motivating learning activities

Conversation

♦ Which work by Gogol, which you met in 8th grade, presents images of officials?

♦ What impression did the images of officials in the poem “Dead Souls” make on you?

III. Frontal problem-based research work on the topic of the lesson

1. Introductory conversation

♦ How does Gogol describe the building of the state chamber and its officials? (There are no living faces and people, they are replaced by heads, backs of heads, tailcoats, jackets)

♦ What sense does it make to compare them with hardworking bees? (Ironic)

2. Analysis of Chichikov’s conversation with the official Ivan Antonovich “jug snout”

♦ How did Chichikov manage to find the table of the serf expedition?

♦ How did Ivan Antonovich react to Chichikov’s request? Why did he say that the purchase of the deed of sale cannot be completed in one day?

♦ How did the conversation between Chichikov and Ivan Antonovich end?

♦ How does Chichikov’s character manifest itself in this episode?

Conclusion.

Ivan Antonovich is a highly experienced specialist in his craft, the “poet” of the circular system of bribery. Chichikov is an equally experienced official, who knows how to behave in the government chamber, who understands that a bribe is the norm in this world, the entire bureaucratic apparatus rests on it.

♦ Why did the officials, after registering the deed of sale, decide to go to the police chief?

♦ How does Gogol characterize other officials? What does it say about their relationship with each other and their superiors?

♦ In what episodes is the arbitrariness of officials revealed, ignoring direct official duties?

♦ What does the writer say about the spiritual interests and requests of officials?

Conclusion.

4. Analysis of the scene of officials’ discussions regarding the resettlement of Chichikov’s peasants to the Kherson province

 What are they talking about and what opinions are being expressed by the inhabitants of the provincial town regarding the purchase of Chichikov?

 What advice did the inhabitants give Chichikov? How did he treat them?

 What “favorable consequences” did the rumors surrounding Chichikov’s purchase produce?

 How did the ladies of the city of NN react to the rumors and to Chichikov himself?

5. A dramatization of a conversation between a pleasant lady and a pleasant lady in all respects about Chichikov’s purchase of “dead souls”

6. Analysis of the police chief’s council scene

What rumors and rumors spread throughout the city when it became known that Chichikov was buying “dead souls”? How do they characterize officials?

What worries officials most?

What aggravated the officials' anxiety? Why? (Appointment of a new governor general. A lot of violations were discovered. Everyone was plunged into indescribable fear.)

What measures have officials taken to ensure their safety?

Conclusion.

7. Generalization

Teacher.

IV. Summing up the lesson and reflection

Questions for reflection

♦ How do you now understand Herzen’s words about “a course in pathological anatomy for a Russian official?”

♦ What did you discuss in today’s lesson that still applies to you today?

V. Homework

2) Prepare a detailed retelling of the chapter’s episodes according to the options:

Option I: “Origin, childhood and years of study of Chichikov”;

Option II: “Chichikov’s official career”;

Option III: “Chichikov’s service at customs.”

*** Individual task: prepare a short report on the content and role in the poem “The Tale of Captain Kopeikin” (Chapter 10).

Gogol's work “Dead Souls” was written in the second half of the 19th century. The first volume was published in 1842, the second volume was almost completely destroyed by the author. And the third volume was never written. The plot of the work was suggested to Gogol. The poem tells about a middle-aged gentleman, Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, traveling around Russia with the aim of buying so-called dead souls - peasants who are no longer alive, but who are still listed as alive according to documents. Gogol wanted to show all of Russia, the entire Russian soul in its breadth and immensity.

Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” can be read in a chapter-by-chapter summary below. In the above version, the main characters are described, the most significant fragments are highlighted, with the help of which you can form a complete picture of the content of this poem. Reading Gogol’s “Dead Souls” online will be useful and relevant for 9th graders.

Main characters

Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov - main character poems, middle-aged collegiate adviser. He travels around Russia with the aim of buying up dead souls, knows how to find an approach to every person, which he constantly uses.

Other characters

Manilov- landowner, no longer young. In the first minute you think only pleasant things about him, and after that you no longer know what to think. He is not concerned about everyday difficulties; lives with his wife and two sons, Themistoclus and Alcides.

Box - elderly woman, widow. She lives in a small village, runs the household herself, sells food and fur. Stingy woman. She knew the names of all the peasants by heart and did not keep written records.

Sobakevich- a landowner, looking for profit in everything. With its massiveness and clumsiness it resembled a bear. He agrees to sell dead souls to Chichikov even before he even talks about it.

Nozdryov- a landowner who cannot sit at home for a day. He loves to party and play cards: hundreds of times he lost to smithereens, but still continued to play; He was always the hero of some story, and he himself was a master at telling tall tales. His wife died, leaving a child, but Nozdryov did not care about family matters at all.

Plyushkin - unusual person, By appearance which is difficult to determine to which class he belongs. Chichikov at first mistook him for an old housekeeper. He lives alone, although his estate used to be full of life.

Selifan- coachman, Chichikov's servant. He drinks a lot, is often distracted from the road, and likes to think about the eternal.

Volume 1

Chapter 1

A carriage with an ordinary, unremarkable car enters the city of NN. He checked into a hotel, which, as often happens, was poor and dirty. The gentleman's luggage was carried in by Selifan (a short man in a sheepskin coat) and Petrushka (a young man about 30 years old). The traveler almost immediately went to the tavern to find out who occupied leadership positions in this city. At the same time, the gentleman tried not to talk about himself at all, nevertheless, everyone with whom the gentleman spoke was able to form the most pleasant description of him. Along with this, the author very often emphasizes the insignificance of the character.

During dinner, the guest finds out from the servant who is the chairman of the city, who is the governor, how many rich landowners are, the visitor did not miss a single detail.

Chichikov meets Manilov and the clumsy Sobakevich, whom he quickly managed to charm with his manners and ability to behave in public: he could always carry on a conversation on any topic, he was polite, attentive and courteous. People who knew him spoke only positively about Chichikov. At the card table he behaved like an aristocrat and a gentleman, even arguing in a particularly pleasant way, for example, “you deigned to go.”

Chichikov hastened to pay visits to all the officials of this city in order to win them over and show his respect.

Chapter 2

Chichikov had been living in the city for more than a week, spending his time carousing and feasting. He made many useful acquaintances and was a welcome guest at various techniques. While Chichikov was spending time at another dinner party, the author introduces the reader to his servants. Petrushka wore a wide frock coat from a lordly shoulder and had a large nose and lips. He was of a silent nature. He loved to read, but he liked the process of reading much more than the subject of reading. Parsley always carried “his special smell” with him, ignoring Chichikov’s requests to go to the bathhouse. The author did not describe the coachman Selifan, saying that he belonged to too low a class, and the reader prefers landowners and counts.

Chichikov went to the village to Manilov, which “could lure few with its location.” Although Manilov said that the village was only 15 versts from the city, Chichikov had to travel almost twice as far. At first glance, Manilov was a distinguished man, his facial features were pleasant, but too sweet. You won’t get a single living word from him; it was as if Manilov lived in an imaginary world. Manilov had nothing of his own, no peculiarity of his own. He spoke little, most often thinking about lofty matters. When a peasant or clerk asked the master about something, he answered: “Yes, not bad,” without caring about what would happen next.

In Manilov’s office there was a book that the master had been reading for the second year, and the bookmark, once left on page 14, remained in place. Not only Manilov, but also the house itself suffered from a lack of something special. It was as if something was always missing in the house: the furniture was expensive, and there wasn’t enough upholstery for two chairs; in the other room there was no furniture at all, but they were always going to put it there. The owner spoke touchingly and tenderly to his wife. She was a match for her husband - a typical girl's boarding school student. She was trained in French, dancing and playing the piano to please and entertain her husband. Often they spoke tenderly and reverently, like young lovers. One got the impression that the couple did not care about everyday trifles.

Chichikov and Manilov stood in the doorway for several minutes, letting each other go ahead: “do me a favor, don’t worry so much about me, I’ll pass later,” “don’t make it difficult, please don’t make it difficult. Please come in." As a result, both passed at the same time, sideways, touching each other. Chichikov agreed with Manilov in everything, who praised the governor, the police chief, and others.

Chichikov was surprised by Manilov's children, two sons six and eight years old, Themistoclus and Alcides. Manilov wanted to show off his children, but Chichikov did not notice any special talents in them. After lunch, Chichikov decided to talk with Manilov about one very important matter - about dead peasants who, according to documents, are still listed as alive - about dead souls. In order to “relieve Manilov of the need to pay taxes,” Chichikov asks Manilov to sell him documents for the now non-existent peasants. Manilov was somewhat discouraged, but Chichikov convinced the landowner of the legality of such a deal. Manilov decided to give away the “dead souls” for free, after which Chichikov hastily began to get ready to see Sobakevich, pleased with the successful acquisition.

Chapter 3

Chichikov went to Sobakevich in high spirits. Selifan, the coachman, was arguing with the horse, and, carried away by thoughts, stopped watching the road. The travelers got lost.
The chaise drove off-road for a long time until it hit a fence and overturned. Chichikov was forced to ask for overnight accommodation from the old woman, who let them in only after Chichikov told about his noble title.

The owner was an elderly woman. She can be called thrifty: there were a lot of old things in the house. The woman was dressed tastelessly, but with pretensions to elegance. The lady's name was Korobochka Nastasya Petrovna. She didn’t know any Manilov, from which Chichikov concluded that they had drifted into quite the wilderness.

Chichikov woke up late. His laundry was dried and washed by the fussy Korobochka worker. Pavel Ivanovich did not stand on ceremony with Korobochka, allowing himself to be rude. Nastasya Filippovna was a college secretary, her husband had died long ago, so the entire household was her responsibility. Chichikov did not miss the opportunity to inquire about dead souls. He had to persuade Korobochka for a long time, who was also bargaining. Korobochka knew all the peasants by name, so she did not keep written records.

Chichikov was tired from a long conversation with the hostess, and was rather glad not that he received less than twenty souls from her, but that this dialogue was over. Nastasya Filippovna, delighted with the sale, decided to sell Chichikov flour, lard, straw, fluff and honey. To appease the guest, she ordered the maid to bake pancakes and pies, which Chichikov ate with pleasure, but politely refused other purchases.

Nastasya Filippovna sent a little girl with Chichikov to show the way. The chaise had already been repaired and Chichikov moved on.

Chapter 4

The chaise drove up to the tavern. The author admits that Chichikov had an excellent appetite: the hero ordered chicken, veal and pig with sour cream and horseradish. At the tavern, Chichikov asked about the owner, his sons, their wives, and at the same time found out where each landowner lived. At the tavern, Chichikov met Nozdryov, with whom he had previously dined with the prosecutor. Nozdryov was cheerful and drunk: he had lost at cards again. Nozdryov laughed at Chichikov’s plans to go to Sobakevich, persuading Pavel Ivanovich to come and visit him first. Nozdryov was sociable, the life of the party, a carouser and a talker. His wife died early, leaving two children, whom Nozdryov was absolutely not involved in raising. He could not sit at home for more than a day; his soul demanded feasts and adventures. Nozdryov had an amazing attitude towards dating: the closer he got to a person, the more fables he told. At the same time, Nozdryov managed not to quarrel with anyone after that.

Nozdryov loved dogs very much and even kept a wolf. The landowner boasted so much about his possessions that Chichikov was tired of inspecting them, although Nozdryov even attributed a forest to his lands, which could not possibly be his property. At the table, Nozdryov poured wine for the guests, but added little for himself. In addition to Chichikov, Nozdryov’s son-in-law was visiting, with whom Pavel Ivanovich did not dare talk about the true motives of his visit. However, the son-in-law soon got ready to go home, and Chichikov was finally able to ask Nozdryov about dead souls.

He asked Nozdryov to transfer the dead souls to himself without revealing his true motives, but this only intensified Nozdryov’s interest. Chichikov is forced to invent various stories: supposedly dead souls are needed to gain weight in society or to get married successfully, but Nozdryov senses the falseness, so he allows himself to make rude statements about Chichikov. Nozdryov invites Pavel Ivanovich to buy from him a stallion, mare or dog, complete with which he will give away his souls. Nozdryov didn’t want to give away dead souls just like that.

The next morning, Nozdryov behaved as if nothing had happened, inviting Chichikov to play checkers. If Chichikov wins, then Nozdryov will transfer all the dead souls to him. Both played dishonestly, Chichikov was greatly exhausted by the game, but the police officer unexpectedly came to Nozdryov, informing him that from now on Nozdryov was on trial for beating a landowner. Taking advantage of this opportunity, Chichikov hastened to leave Nozdryov’s estate.

Chapter 5

Chichikov was glad that he left Nozdryov empty-handed. Chichikov was distracted from his thoughts by an accident: a horse harnessed to Pavel Ivanovich’s chaise got mixed up with a horse from another harness. Chichikov was fascinated by the girl who was sitting in another cart. He thought about the beautiful stranger for a long time.

Sobakevich's village seemed huge to Chichikov: gardens, stables, barns, peasant houses. Everything seemed to be made to last. Sobakevich himself seemed to Chichikov to look like a bear. Everything about Sobakevich was massive and clumsy. Each item was ridiculous, as if it said: “I, too, look like Sobakevich.” Sobakevich spoke disrespectfully and rudely about other people. From him Chichikov learned about Plyushkin, whose peasants were dying like flies.

Sobakevich reacted calmly to the offer of dead souls, even offering to sell them before Chichikov himself spoke about it. The landowner behaved strangely, raising the price, praising the already dead peasants. Chichikov was dissatisfied with the deal with Sobakevich. It seemed to Pavel Ivanovich that it was not he who was trying to deceive the landowner, but Sobakevich.
Chichikov went to Plyushkin.

Chapter 6

Lost in his thoughts, Chichikov did not notice that he had entered the village. In the village of Plyushkina, the windows in the houses were without glass, the bread was damp and moldy, the gardens were abandoned. The results of human labor were nowhere to be seen. Near Plyushkin’s house there were many buildings overgrown with green mold.

Chichikov was met by the housekeeper. The master was not at home, the housekeeper invited Chichikov to his chambers. There were a lot of things piled up in the rooms, it was impossible to understand in the heaps what exactly was there, everything was covered in dust. From the appearance of the room it cannot be said that a living person lived here.

A bent man, unshaven, in a washed-out robe entered the chambers. The face was nothing special. If Chichikov met this man on the street, he would give him alms.

This man turned out to be the landowner himself. There was a time when Plyushkin was a thrifty owner, and his house was full of life. Now strong feelings were not reflected in the old man’s eyes, but his forehead betrayed his remarkable intelligence. Plyushkin's wife died, his daughter ran away with a military man, his son went to the city, and youngest daughter died. The house became empty. Guests rarely visited Plyushkin, and Plyushkin did not want to see his runaway daughter, who sometimes asked her father for money. The landowner himself started a conversation about the dead peasants, because he was glad to get rid of dead souls, although after a while suspicion appeared in his gaze.

Chichikov refused treats, being impressed by dirty dishes. Plyushkin decided to bargain, manipulating his plight. Chichikov bought 78 souls from him, forcing Plyushkin to write a receipt. After the deal, Chichikov, as before, hurried to leave. Plyushkin locked the gate behind the guest, walked around his property, storerooms and kitchen, and then thought about how to thank Chichikov.

Chapter 7

Chichikov had already acquired 400 souls, so he wanted to quickly finish his business in this city. He examined and put everything in order Required documents. All the peasants of Korobochka were distinguished by strange nicknames, Chichikov was dissatisfied that their names took up a lot of space on paper, Plyushkin’s note was brevity, Sobakevich’s notes were complete and detailed. Chichikov thought about how each person passed away, making guesses in his imagination and playing out entire scenarios.

Chichikov went to court to have all the documents certified, but there they made him understand that without a bribe things would take a long time, and Chichikov would still have to stay in the city for a while. Sobakevich, who accompanied Chichikov, convinced the chairman of the legality of the transaction, Chichikov said that he had bought the peasants for removal to the Kherson province.

The police chief, officials and Chichikov decided to complete the paperwork with lunch and a game of whist. Chichikov was cheerful and told everyone about his lands near Kherson.

Chapter 8

The whole city is gossiping about Chichikov’s purchases: why does Chichikov need peasants? Did the landowners really sell so much to the newcomer? good peasants, and not thieves and drunkards? Will the peasants change in the new land?
The more rumors there were about Chichikov's wealth, the more they loved him. The ladies of the city of NN considered Chichikov a very attractive person. In general, the ladies of the city of N themselves were presentable, dressed with taste, were strict in their morals, and all their intrigues remained secret.

Chichikov found an anonymous love letter, which interested him incredibly. At the reception, Pavel Ivanovich could not understand which of the girls wrote to him. The traveler was a success with the ladies, but he was so carried away by small talk that he forgot to approach the hostess. The governor's wife was at the reception with her daughter, whose beauty Chichikov was captivated - not a single lady interested Chichikov anymore.

At the reception, Chichikov met Nozdryov, who, with his cheeky behavior and drunken conversations, put Chichikov in an uncomfortable position, so Chichikov was forced to leave the reception.

Chapter 9

The author introduces the reader to two ladies, friends who met early in the morning. They talked about women's little things. Alla Grigorievna was partly a materialist, prone to denial and doubt. The ladies were gossiping about the newcomer. Sofya Ivanovna, the second woman, is unhappy with Chichikov because he flirted with many ladies, and Korobochka completely let slip about dead souls, adding to her story the story of how Chichikov deceived her by throwing 15 rubles in banknotes. Alla Grigorievna suggested that, thanks to the dead souls, Chichikov wants to impress the governor’s daughter in order to steal her from her father’s house. The ladies listed Nozdryov as Chichikov’s accomplice.

The city was buzzing: the question of dead souls worried everyone. The ladies discussed more history with the kidnapping of the girl, supplementing it with all imaginable and inconceivable details, and the men discussed the economic side of the issue. All this led to the fact that Chichikov was not allowed on the threshold and was no longer invited to dinners. As luck would have it, Chichikov was at the hotel all this time because he was unlucky enough to get sick.

Meanwhile, the city residents, in their assumptions, went so far as to tell the prosecutor everything.

Chapter 10

Residents of the city gathered at the police chief. Everyone was wondering who Chichikov was, where he came from and whether he was hiding from the law. The postmaster tells the story of Captain Kopeikin.

In this chapter, the story about Captain Kopeikin is included in the text of Dead Souls.

Captain Kopeikin had his arm and leg torn off during a military campaign in the 1920s. Kopeikin decided to ask the Tsar for help. The man was amazed by the beauty of St. Petersburg and the high prices for food and housing. Kopeikin waited to receive the general for about 4 hours, but he was asked to come later. The audience between Kopeikin and the governor was postponed several times, Kopeikin’s faith in justice and the tsar became less and less each time. The man was running out of money for food, and the capital became disgusting due to pathos and spiritual emptiness. Captain Kopeikin decided to sneak into the general’s reception room to definitely get an answer to his question. He decided to stand there until the sovereign looked at him. The general instructed the courier to deliver Kopeikin to a new place, where he would be completely in the care of the state. Kopeikin, overjoyed, went with the courier, but no one else saw Kopeikin.

All those present admitted that Chichikov could not possibly be Captain Kopeikin, because Chichikov had all his limbs in place. Nozdryov told many different fables and, getting carried away, said that he personally came up with a plan to kidnap the governor’s daughter.

Nozdryov went to visit Chichikov, who was still ill. The landowner told Pavel Ivanovich about the situation in the city and the rumors that were circulating about Chichikov.

Chapter 11

In the morning, everything did not go according to plan: Chichikov woke up later than planned, the horses were not shod, the wheel was faulty. After a while everything was ready.

On the way Chichikova met funeral procession- the prosecutor died. Next, the reader learns about Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov himself. The parents were nobles who had only one serf family. One day my father took little Pavel with me to the city to send my child to school. The father ordered his son to listen to teachers and please bosses, not to make friends, and to save money. At school, Chichikov was distinguished by his diligence. Since childhood, he understood how to increase money: he sold pies from the market to hungry classmates, trained a mouse to perform magic tricks for a fee, and sculpted wax figures.

Chichikov was in good standing. After some time, he moved his family to the city. Chichikova beckoned Rich life, he actively tried to break into the people, but with difficulty he got into the government chamber. Chichikov did not hesitate to use people for his own purposes; he was not ashamed of such an attitude. After an incident with one old official, whose daughter Chichikov even planned to marry in order to get a position, Chichikov’s career took off sharply. And that official talked for a long time about how Pavel Ivanovich deceived him.

He served in many departments, cheated and cheated everywhere, launched an entire campaign against corruption, although he himself was a bribe-taker. Chichikov began construction, but several years later the declared house was never built, but those who supervised the construction got new buildings. Chichikov became involved in smuggling, for which he was put on trial.

He started his career again from the bottom rung. He was engaged in transferring documents for peasants to the guardianship council, where he was paid for each peasant. But one day Pavel Ivanovich was informed that even if the peasants died, but were listed as alive according to the records, the money would still be paid. So Chichikov came up with the idea of buying peasants who were dead in fact, but alive according to documents, in order to sell their souls to the guardianship council.

Volume 2

The chapter begins with a description of the nature and lands belonging to Andrei Tentetnikov, a 33-year-old gentleman who wastes his time thoughtlessly: he woke up late, took a long time to wash his face, “he was not bad person, - he’s just a smoker of the sky.” After a series of unsuccessful reforms aimed at improving the lives of peasants, he stopped communicating with others, completely gave up, and became mired in the same infinity of everyday life.

Chichikov comes to Tentetnikov and, using his ability to find an approach to any person, stays with Andrei Ivanovich for some time. Chichikov was now more careful and delicate when it came to dead souls. Chichikov hasn’t talked about this with Tentetnikov yet, but with conversations about marriage he has revived Andrei Ivanovich a little.

Chichikov goes to General Betrishchev, a man of majestic appearance, who combined many advantages and many shortcomings. Betrishchev introduces Chichikov to his daughter Ulenka, with whom Tentetnikov is in love. Chichikov joked a lot, which was how he was able to win the favor of the general. Taking this opportunity, Chichikov makes up a story about an old uncle who is obsessed with dead souls, but the general does not believe him, considering it another joke. Chichikov is in a hurry to leave.

Pavel Ivanovich goes to Colonel Koshkarev, but ends up with Pyotr Rooster, whom he finds completely naked while hunting for sturgeon. Having learned that the estate was mortgaged, Chichikov wanted to leave, but here he meets the landowner Platonov, who talks about ways to increase wealth, which Chichikov is inspired by.

Colonel Koshkarev, who divided his lands into plots and manufactories, also had nothing to profit from, so Chichikov, accompanied by Platonov and Konstanzhoglo, goes to Kholobuev, who sells his estate for next to nothing. Chichikov gives a deposit for the estate, borrowing the amount from Konstanzhglo and Platonov. In the house, Pavel Ivanovich expected to see empty rooms, but “he was struck by the mixture of poverty with the shiny trinkets of later luxury.” Chichikov receives dead souls from his neighbor Lenitsyn, charming him with his ability to tickle a child. The story ends.

It can be assumed that some time has passed since the purchase of the estate. Chichikov comes to the fair to buy fabric for a new suit. Chichikov meets Kholobuev. He is dissatisfied with Chichikov’s deception, because of which he almost lost his inheritance. Denunciations are discovered against Chichikov regarding the deception of Kholobuev and dead souls. Chichikov is arrested.

Murazov, a recent acquaintance of Pavel Ivanovich, a tax farmer who fraudulently made himself a million-dollar fortune, finds Pavel Ivanovich in the basement. Chichikov tears out his hair and mourns the loss of a box of securities: Chichikov was not allowed to dispose of many personal belongings, including the box, which contained enough money to give a deposit for himself. Murazov motivates Chichikov to live honestly, not break the law and not deceive people. It seems that his words were able to touch certain strings in Pavel Ivanovich’s soul. Officials hoping to receive a bribe from Chichikov are confusing the matter. Chichikov leaves the city.

Conclusion

IN " Dead souls» shows a broad and truthful picture of life in Russia in the second half of the 19th century century. Along with beautiful nature, picturesque villages in which the originality of the Russian people is felt, greed, stinginess and the never-vanishing desire for profit are shown against the backdrop of space and freedom. The arbitrariness of landowners, poverty and lack of rights of peasants, a hedonistic understanding of life, bureaucracy and irresponsibility - all this is depicted in the text of the work, as in a mirror. Meanwhile, Gogol believes in a bright future, because it is not for nothing that the second volume was conceived as “the moral cleansing of Chichikov.” It is in this work that Gogol’s manner of reflecting reality is most clearly noticeable.

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