Why does a person lie, and what can a love of lying lead to? Dishonor is what makes people destroy the world around them. Examples of dishonorable acts in our everyday life.

Final essay on the topic: “What qualities should a person of honor have? "

What qualities should a person of honor have? Of course, he must be decent, honest, true to his word. He also needs to have courage to defend his honor in difficult situations. He must have the fortitude to face danger, perhaps even death, with dignity. A man of honor is characterized by altruism, a willingness, if necessary, to sacrifice himself in the name of higher values. Such a person is ready to stand up not only for himself, but also for others. Let us illustrate this with examples.

Here is Sotnikov, the hero of the story of the same name by V. Bykov. Having been captured, he courageously endures torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed the next morning, he prepares to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the hero’s thoughts: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his situation, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went on reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is the commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest have nothing to do with it.” It is significant that before his death the partisan thinks not about himself, but about saving others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero faces death courageously, not for a minute does the thought of begging the enemy for mercy or becoming a traitor occur to him. We see that the hero is characterized by such qualities as loyalty to duty and the Fatherland, courage, and willingness to sacrifice oneself. This hero can rightfully be called a man of honor.

Such is Pyotr Grinev, the hero of A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter.” The author talks about the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his hero made: Pyotr Grinev showed courage, was ready to die, but not to disgrace the honor of his uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign and refused to betray his military oath: “No,” I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.” With all directness, Grinev answered Pugachev that he might begin to fight against him, fulfilling his officer’s duty: “You yourself know, it’s not my will: if they tell me to go against you, I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. What will it be like if I refuse to serve when my service is needed? The hero understands that honesty may cost him his life, but the sense of duty and honor prevails in him over fear. It was the hero’s sincerity and courage, honesty and directness that helped him get out of a difficult situation with dignity. His words struck Pugachev so much that he saved Grinev’s life and released him.

We know that in another situation Grinev was ready to sacrifice his life defending the honor of another person - Masha Mironova. He fought a duel with Shvabrin, defending the honor of Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, having been rejected, in a conversation with Grinev allowed himself to insult the girl with vile hints. Grinev could not stand this. As a decent man, he went out to fight and was ready to die, but to defend the good name of the girl.

We see that Pushkin's hero is characterized by the best human qualities: courage and courage, loyalty to duty and honesty, directness, willingness to stand up for others. He is an excellent example of a man of honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that there will be as many such people as possible.

Final essay on the topic: “How can you get out of a difficult situation with honor? "

Life often puts us in difficult conditions, and it is very important to be able to get out of a difficult situation, maintaining your dignity and without tarnishing your honor. How to do it? It seems that there cannot be a ready-made recipe for all occasions. The main thing is to always remember what is most important. And the most important thing is loyalty to duty and your given word, decency, self-esteem and respect for other people, honesty and directness. A moral compass will always point you to the right path.

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. The author talks about the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his hero made: Pyotr Grinev showed courage, was ready to die, but not to disgrace the honor of his uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign and refused to betray his military oath: “No,” I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.” With all sincerity, Grinev answered Pugachev that he might begin to fight against him, fulfilling his officer’s duty: “You yourself know, it’s not my will: if they tell me to go against you, I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. What will it be like if I refuse to serve when my service is needed? The hero understands that honesty may cost him his life, but the sense of duty and honor prevails in him over fear. It was the hero’s sincerity and courage, honesty and directness that helped him get out of a difficult situation with dignity. His words struck Pugachev so much that he saved Grinev’s life and released him.

As another example, we can cite the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrei Sokolov, was captured. They were going to shoot him for carelessly spoken words. He could beg for mercy, humiliate himself before his enemies. Perhaps a weak-willed person would have done just that. But the hero was ready to defend the soldier’s honor in the face of death. When commandant Müller offered to drink German weapons to the victory, he refused. Sokolov behaved confidently and calmly and refused the snack, despite the fact that he was hungry. He explained his behavior this way: “I wanted to show them, the damned ones, that although I am perishing from hunger, I am not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride, and that they did not turn me into a beast, like no matter how hard they tried." Sokolov’s act aroused respect for him even among his enemy. The German commandant recognized the moral victory of the Soviet soldier and spared his life. We see that self-esteem, courage, and straightforwardness helped this hero get out of a difficult situation with honor.

Thus, we can conclude: in difficult circumstances, one should remember moral guidelines. They will be the ones who will show the way out of their darkness to the light.

Final essay on the topic: “When does the choice between honor and dishonor arise? "

When does the choice between honor and dishonor arise? In my opinion, a person may face such a choice under a variety of circumstances. For example, in wartime, a soldier comes face to face with death. He can die with dignity, remaining faithful to duty and without tarnishing military honor. At the same time, he can try to save his life by taking the path of betrayal.

Let us turn to V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov”. We see two partisans captured by the police. One of them, Sotnikov, behaves courageously, withstands cruel torture, but does not tell the enemy anything. He retains his self-esteem and before execution, he accepts death with honor. His comrade, Rybak, is trying to escape at all costs. He despised the honor and duty of the defender of the Fatherland and went over to the side of the enemy, became a policeman and even participated in the execution of Sotnikov, personally knocking out the stand from under his feet. We see that it is in the face of mortal danger that the true qualities of people emerge. Honor here is fidelity to duty, and dishonor is synonymous with cowardice and betrayal.

The choice between honor and dishonor arises not only during war. Anyone, even a child, may have to pass a test of moral strength. To preserve honor means to try to protect your dignity and pride; to experience dishonor means to endure humiliation and bullying, afraid to fight back.

V. Aksyonov talks about this in his story “Breakfasts in 1943.” The narrator regularly became a victim of stronger classmates, who regularly took away not only his breakfasts, but also any other things they liked: “He took it away from me. He selected everything - everything that was of interest to Him. And not only for me, but for the whole class.” The hero not only felt sorry for what was lost, the constant humiliation and awareness of his own weakness were unbearable. He decided to stand up for himself and resist. And although physically he could not defeat three over-aged hooligans, moral victory was on his side. An attempt to defend not only his breakfast, but also his honor, to overcome his fear became an important milestone in his growing up, the formation of his personality. The writer brings us to the conclusion: we must be able to defend our honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that, when faced with a choice between honor and dishonor, we will remember honor and dignity, we will be able to overcome mental weakness, and will not allow ourselves to fall morally.

Final essay on the topic: “What can lead a person to a dishonest act? "

What can lead a person to commit a dishonest act? It seems that the answers to this complex question may be different. In my opinion, one of the reasons for a dishonest act may be selfishness, when a person puts his own interests and desires first and is not ready to sacrifice them. His “I” turns out to be more important than generally accepted moral principles. Let's look at a few examples.

Thus, in “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” M.Yu. Lermontov tells about Kiribeevich, the guardsman of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. He liked Alena Dmitrievna, the wife of the merchant Kalashnikov. Knowing that she was a married woman, Kiribeevich still allowed himself to solicit her love, moreover, in public. He did not think about the shame he would bring on a decent woman and her entire family. For him, above honor, there was passion, the desire to possess the object of his love. His selfish aspirations ultimately led to tragedy: not only the guardsman himself died, but also the merchant Kalashnikov, Alena Dmitrievna became a widow, and her children became orphans. We see that it is selfishness that forces a person to neglect moral principles and leads him to a dishonorable act.

Let's look at another example. V. Bykov’s work “Sotnikov” describes the behavior of the partisan Rybak, who was captured. Sitting in the basement, all he could think about was saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended or indignant; on the contrary, he “felt keenly and joyfully - he will live! The opportunity to live has appeared - this is the main thing. Everything else will come later.” An inner voice told Rybak that he had embarked on the path of dishonor. And then he tried to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - isn’t this enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, as long as they don’t kill them or torture them during interrogations.” The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. So he agreed to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continued to convince himself that “there is no great guilt behind him.” In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated to survive. But he is not a traitor...” And so Rybak took part in Sotnikov’s execution. Bykov emphasizes that Rybak tried to find an excuse even for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is this him? He just pulled out this stump. And then on the orders of the police.” We see that a man became a traitor to the Motherland, the executioner of his comrade for one reason: he put his own life above duty and honor. In other words, cowardice and selfishness push a person to the most terrible actions.

In conclusion, I would like to express the hope that in a situation where our selfish motives are on one side of the scale, and moral principles, duty, honor are on the other, we will be able to make the right choice and will not commit dishonorable acts.

Final essay on the topic: “What act can be called dishonorable?”

What action can be called dishonorable? In my opinion, this can be called the act of a person who behaves vilely, tries to discredit someone, slander him. As an example, we can cite an episode from the work of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", which tells the story of a conversation between Shvabrin and Grinev about Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, having received a refusal from Masha Mironova, in retaliation slanders her and allows himself offensive hints addressed to her. He claims that one should not win Masha’s favor with verses, he hints at her availability: “... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of tender poems, give her a pair of earrings...

Why do you have such an opinion about her? - I asked, barely containing my indignation.
“And because,” he answered with a hellish grin, “I know her character and customs from experience.”

Shvabrin, without hesitation, is ready to tarnish the girl’s honor just because she did not reciprocate his feelings. It is precisely this kind of action that is undoubtedly dishonorable.

Sometimes it happens that a physically strong person takes advantage of his superiority, humiliating and offending the weaker. For example, in A. Likhanov’s story “Clean Pebbles,” a character named Savvatey keeps the entire school in fear. He takes pleasure in humiliating young children who cannot stand up for themselves. The bully regularly robs students and mocks them: “Sometimes he would snatch a textbook or notebook from his bag instead of a bun and throw it into a snowdrift or take it for himself so that, after walking away a few steps, he would throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots on them.” His favorite technique was to run a “dirty, sweaty paw” across the victim’s face. He constantly humiliates even his “sixes”: “Savvatey looked at the guy angrily, took him by the nose and pulled him down hard,” he “stood next to Sashka, leaning on his head.” By encroaching on the honor and dignity of other people, he himself becomes the personification of dishonor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that people will avoid dishonorable acts, adhering to high moral principles.

Final essay on the topic: “Do you agree with the Latin proverb: “It is better to die with honor than to live in dishonor”?”

Do you agree with the Latin proverb: “It is better to die with honor than to live in dishonor”? Reflecting on this question, one can come to the conclusion: honor is above everything, even life. It is better to die with honor than to live in dishonor, for the one who gave his life in the name of high moral values ​​will always be worthy of respect, and the one who chose the path of dishonor will be doomed to the contempt of others and will not be able to live calmly and happily. Let's look at a literary example.

Thus, V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov” talks about two partisans who were captured. One of them, Sotnikov, bravely withstood the torture, but did not tell the enemies anything. Knowing that he would be executed the next morning, he prepared to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the hero’s thoughts: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his situation, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went on reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is the commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest have nothing to do with it.” It is significant that before his death the partisan was not thinking about himself, but about saving others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero chose to die with honor rather than become a traitor. His act is an example of courage and true heroism.

Sotnikov’s comrade, Rybak, behaved completely differently. The fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, all he could think about was saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended or indignant; on the contrary, he “felt keenly and joyfully - he will live! The opportunity to live has appeared - this is the main thing. Everything else will come later.” Of course, he did not want to become a traitor: “He had no intention of giving them partisan secrets, much less joining the police, although he understood that it would obviously not be easy to evade them.” He hoped that “he would turn out and then he would certainly settle accounts with these bastards...”. An inner voice told Rybak that he had embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tried to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - isn’t this enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, as long as they don’t kill him or torture him during interrogations. If only he could break out of this cage, he wouldn’t allow himself anything bad. Is he an enemy to his own? Faced with a choice, he was not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.

The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. So he agreed to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continued to convince himself that “there is no great guilt behind him.” In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, I had no intention of becoming a German servant. He kept waiting to seize the right moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they would see him. »

And so Rybak took part in the execution of Sotnikov. Bykov emphasizes that Rybak tried to find an excuse even for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is this him? He just pulled out this stump. And then on the orders of the police.” And only while walking in the ranks of policemen did Rybak finally understand: “There was no longer a road to escape from this ranks.” V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor that Rybak chose is a path to nowhere. There is no future for this person anymore.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that, when faced with a difficult choice, we will not forget about the highest values: honor, duty, courage.

Honesty is a component of honor. Honesty is the ability to truthfully and confidently tell a person to his face everything you think. Is it easy to be honest? Does a person always tell the truth? What could lead him to deception? In fact, we cheat every day. But these lies to parents or friends are generally harmless. But when you lie in a situation of moral choice, when your future or someone's life depends on it.... This is where honesty becomes extremely necessary.

In the novel M.A. Bulgakov's "The Master and Margarita" the procurator of Judea Pontius Pilate faces the honesty of Yeshua Ha Nozri. During the interrogation, trying to save the wandering philosopher from death, he hints that he should lie. However, Yeshua does not understand or does not want to understand the hints and proclaims that telling the truth is easy and pleasant. And in the presence of the secretary and the convoy, he admits that soon there will be no power, because all power is violence against a person. Pilate does not accept this truth because he fears for his life. To admit this means to lose your post, and subsequently, possibly, your life. And he passes an unjust verdict on the wandering philosopher, sentencing him to death, although he did not kill, did not steal, did not do anything illegal. This act will torment Pilate for a long time, he will try to correct the mistake, but two millennia will pass, and only the Master will grant forgiveness to the procurator of Judea by writing a novel about him.

In V. Bykov’s book “Sotnikov,” the main character, sentenced to death, recalls his childhood. In his family it was customary to tell the truth. My mother believed in God, and my father was a man who fought in the Red Army and had a medal pistol. The boy really wanted to hold the Mauser in his hands and shoot from it. But my father categorically forbade touching the weapon, especially in his absence. One day, waking up at dawn, the boy discovered that no one was home. Finally he can play with daddy's gun. But when he picked it up, the Mauser fired. The mother immediately suggested that her son confess to his father what he had done, otherwise things would get worse. Sotnikov went to tell his father everything. He, of course, was outraged. But he relented, saying that his son did the right thing by telling him everything. “I guessed it myself,” he asked, and the boy quickly, nodding his head, answered: “Yes.” As he left his father's side, he blushed. After all, he lied. All his life, Sotnikov remembered his offense - a little lie. And the pangs of conscience did not go away, many years later. He was afraid or simply did not have time to think, and then it was scary to correct this mistake, but every time, remembering this incident, he felt remorse.

Preparing for

final essay

“A SATISFIED MAN” (prose poem) A young man is skipping along the streets of the capital. His movements are cheerful, brisk; the eyes are shining, the lips are grinning, the tender face is pleasantly red... He is all contentment and joy. What happened to him? Did he get an inheritance? Has he been promoted? Is he in a hurry for a love date? Or did he simply have a good breakfast - and a feeling of health, a feeling of well-fed strength surged through all his limbs? Wouldn’t they have placed your beautiful octagonal cross on his neck, O Polish King Stanislaw! No. He composed a slander against an acquaintance, spread it carefully, heard it, this same slander, from the lips of another acquaintance - and I believed her myself. Oh, how pleased, how kind even this sweet, promising young man is at this moment! February, 1878

Prose poem

"Satisfied man"

I. S. Turgenev

What moral qualities of a person were condemned in the work?

Moral meanness and dishonor

"Satisfied man"

Does harm to others

(composed slander)

"promising man"

HONOR -...HONOR

• Honor- this is that high spiritual power that keeps a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice. This is the core that strengthens the individual in choosing an action; this is a situation where conscience is the judge.
• Life often tests people, presenting them with a choice - to act honorably and take the blow or be cowardly and go against their conscience in order to gain benefit and avoid troubles, possibly death.
• A person always has a choice, and how he will act depends on his moral principles. The path of honor is difficult, but retreat from it, the loss of honor is even more painful.

Honor or dishonor?

Being a social, rational and conscious being, a person cannot help but think about how others treat him, what they think about him, what assessments are given to his actions and his entire life. At the same time, he cannot help but think about his place among other people. This spiritual connection between a person and society is expressed in the concepts of Honor and Dignity.

“Honor is my life,” wrote Shakespeare, “they have grown into one, and to lose honor is for me the same as losing life.”

Possible topic formulations:

• Take care of your honor from a young age...
• Can honor resist dishonor?
• Do you agree with P. Corneille’s statement “We have no right to live when honor has perished”?
• Are there people of honor these days?
• Is it easy to live without honor and conscience?
• Honor and honesty: how are these concepts related?
• What an honor if you have nothing to eat!

The strong are not the best, but the honest ones. Honor and self-esteem are the strongest. (F. M. Dostoevsky)

Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost. (A.P. Chekhov)

Our honor lies in following the best and improving the worst... (Plato)

Honor is external conscience, and conscience is internal honor. (Arthur Schopenhauer)

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is what the world revolves on!

(A.S. Pushkin)

The direction is based on polar concepts associated with a person’s choice: to be faithful to the voice of conscience, to follow moral principles, or to follow the path of betrayal, lies and hypocrisy.

Many writers focused their attention on depicting various manifestations of man: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to deep moral failure

Introduction, based on FIPI comments to the direction

Honor... Dishonor... Life and society present each person with a moral choice: to live as his conscience dictates, to follow moral principles or to follow the path of dishonor, to achieve everything in life through betrayal, lies and hypocrisy. ….

I think that... Undoubtedly... It seems to me that... In my opinion, ….

Many writers focused their attention on depicting various manifestations of man: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to deep moral failure. So, …

Your opinion on this topic

+ transition to arguments from literature

Code of Noble Honor on the pages of literary works

The history of the Russian duel of the 19th century is a history of human tragedies, high impulses and passions. The dueling tradition is associated with the concept of honor in the noble society of that time. There was even a code of noble honor. The willingness to pay with one's life for the inviolability of one's personal dignity presupposed an acute awareness of this dignity.

A.S. Pushkin, the “slave of honor,” defending the honor of his wife and his own honor, challenged Dantes to a duel, because “slandered by rumors” could not live and put an end to the dishonor at the cost of his own life. M.Yu. Lermontov also fell victim to dishonest and evil envious people.

In many works of literature, honor is a measure of the humanity and decency of the heroes.

Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual strength Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual strength

Family honor is a category of folk morality. The defender of popular ideas about honor and dignity is the merchant Kalashnikov in the famous “Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov...” M.Yu. Lermontov. Having based the plot on a real event, Lermontov fills it with deep moral meaning. Kalashnikov comes out to fight “for the holy mother truth,” for family values, for the honor of his wife. The image of the merchant Kalashnikov is close to the people's ideal. Just like the heroes of folk epics, Stepan fights for honor and justice, defends eternal values.

Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual strength

« But your honor is my guarantee, and I boldly entrust myself to her", - lines from Tatyana Larina’s letter from the novel by A.S. Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin,” which concludes a declaration of love, not only expresses the young girl’s hope for the decency and dignity of her chosen one. They also convey faith that the honor of the heroine herself will not be violated.

For Larina, the concept of honor and moral purity is the basis of her worldview. Guided by her idea of ​​duty, she remains faithful to her husband, rejecting Onegin’s love. It is possible to sacrifice love, but not to sacrifice honor.

Honor as the embodiment of the spiritual strength of the hero Antithesis honor-dishonor in 20th century literature

(V. Bykov “Sotnikov”).

Literature about the Great Patriotic War does not shy away from the problem of preserving honor. Become a coward, dishonor yourself with betrayal and continue to live with it - this is the choice Rybak makes. He agrees to serve as a policeman, knocks the support from under the feet of his former fellow soldier and becomes the executioner of the one with whom he fought shoulder to shoulder just yesterday. He remains to live and suddenly catches a look full of hatred. Hatred towards him, a coward and a traitor, a dishonest person. Now he is an enemy - both for people and for himself too... Fate deprives Rybak of the opportunity to commit suicide, he will live with his stigma of dishonor.

Literature to help

• D. Fonvizin “Undergrowth”
• A. Griboedov “Woe from Wit”
• A. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”
• A. Pushkin “Dubrovsky”
• M. Lermontov “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich...”
• M. Lermontov “The Fugitive”
• N. Gogol “Taras Bulba”
• L. Tolstoy “War and Peace”
• F. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”
• A. Green “Green Lamp”.
• M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”
• V. Bykov “Obelisk”; "Sotnikov"
• B. Vasiliev “Not on the lists”
• Prosper Merimee "Matteo Falcone"

Argumentation

Prose poem

"Satisfied man"

• Formulating your position in the form of a thesis;
• Micro-output design,

using quote

I. S. Turgenev

So, in conclusion, I would like to say that………………. I think that ………………………………. At the end I would like to remember the lines …………………..

So, in conclusion, I want to say that each of us will go our own way in life, each has our own path, full of ups and downs. And yet, I think that the main thing for a person is to be honest both to himself and to others. In the end, I would like to recall the lines of A. S. Pushkin:

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is what the world revolves on!

Perhaps honor is a heavy burden for everyone, and only a strong personality, brought up in honesty and morality, can bear it. Of course, everyone chooses for himself whether to follow the path of honor or live without it, omitting all unnecessary moral prejudices and pangs of conscience. However, it becomes sad at the moment when such a concept as “honor” is not initially included in a person’s upbringing, because in the future it becomes a tragedy for an entire society. After all, moral decay, the fall of moral principles leads to the collapse of both an individual and an entire nation.

Yuri Levitansky

Everyone chooses for themselves

Everyone chooses for themselves

woman, religion, road.

To serve the devil or the prophet -

everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves

a word for love and for prayer.

A sword for a duel, a sword for battle

everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Shield and armor, staff and patches,

measure of final reckoning

everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves.

I also choose - as best I can.

I have no complaints against anyone.

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Homework Make and write down a complex plan for each of these topics:

• How are the concepts of “honor” and “fatherland” related?
• What does it mean to walk the path of honor?
• What pushes a person to commit dishonest acts?

Question: Is it true that the love of asking a lot of questions can lead a person to trouble?

Answer: The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was asked many questions. Some of these questions caused inconvenience to the Messenger of Allah, since they did not quite correspond to the rules of decency. Especially rich people liked to speak in whispers, expressing special desires. This also caused inconvenience to the Messenger of Allah (sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam), but out of politeness, he listened to these people.

In this regard, the verse was revealed: “O you who believe! If you talk with the Messenger in secret, then precede your secret conversation with alms."(al-Mujadilah 58/12), and it was established as a sunnah to pay sadaqah before meeting the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).

Also, people from all walks of life came to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and asked questions, wanting to know religion. And some of these people sometimes behaved inappropriately. However, the Messenger of Allah endured this in order to convey the truth to people.

When the verse was revealed: “People are obligated to Allah to perform the Hajj to the House (Kaaba) if they are able to complete this journey.”(Ali Imran 3/97), one person asked: “O Messenger of Allah! Should we perform Hajj every year?” However, the Messenger of Allah remained silent. But after this man repeated his question several times, he said: “Fardom is performing Hajj once in a lifetime.”. In connection with this event the following verse was revealed: “O you who believe! Don't ask about things that will upset you if they become known to you."

Then the Messenger of Allah (sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “If I had said “Yes” to you, then the annual Hajj would have become obligatory for you, and you would not have been able to complete it.”. And after that, pointing out the danger of unnecessary questions, he said: “Don’t touch me until I tell you something myself. Because those who came before you were destroyed because they asked too many questions and argued with their prophets. Therefore, avoid what I warn you against. And try to do what I command you.”

Some people, coming to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), asked him, for example, such inappropriate questions: “When a man and a woman enter into an intimate relationship, what determines the birth of a boy or a girl?” Asking such questions to the prophet is indecent and contrary to adab. It is precisely such questions that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) warned against.

WHO experts found that 45 million people around the world entered the new millennium in absolute darkness, and more than 130 million were visually impaired. Why is this happening? What are the causes of deterioration and loss of vision in people at different ages? Irina Lyazgina, a first category ophthalmologist at the diagnostic department of the Ophthalmological Center of Karelia, answered these questions.

Ophthalmologist Irina Sergeevna Lyazgina

- Irina Sergeevna, please tell us what decreased vision is and what are the main reasons for its occurrence?

Low vision is a severe visual impairment that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. It is manifested by a pronounced decrease in visual acuity or defects in the visual field in the form of narrowing of its boundaries or the appearance of blind areas. Blindness or low vision can have many causes: injury, eye disease, or be hereditary.

- What are the causes of decreased vision and even blindness in different age groups among residents of Karelia?

One of the main causes of visual impairment in children is considered to be disturbances occurring in the optical system of the eye (refractive errors). The most common vision disorder in children is myopia. This is due to the fact that the age from 7 to 16 years is combined with increased visual stress (reading, writing, school lessons). Failure to follow the rules of watching TV and working with a computer, genetic predisposition, nutritional deficiencies and other negative factors can lead to the development of strabismus, myopia, amblyopia (“lazy eye”) and other vision problems in children.

In middle age, people may experience inflammatory diseases of the deep membranes of the eye, retina, optic nerve, as well as severe eye injuries, which in turn can lead to both decreased vision and irreversible blindness.

In old age, people with severe diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are more susceptible to developing cataracts (clouding of the lens) and diabetic retinopathy, that is, circulatory disorders in the retinal vessels and optic nerve. Age-related retinal degeneration and glaucoma also often develop in old age. Age-related degeneration of the retina is associated with damage to a very important area of ​​the retina, which is responsible for object vision, and with glaucoma, due to impaired exchange of intraocular fluid, the optic nerve, the conducting system of the eye, is affected.

- What can be done to avoid blindness?

First of all, prevention, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and maintaining a visual exercise regime are necessary. Annual preventive examinations by an ophthalmologist are necessary even when nothing worries us, because the most dangerous diseases are usually almost asymptomatic and patients notice them only in the later stages. In our center, anyone can undergo a full comprehensive examination and get answers to all their questions regarding the health of their eyes.

Group on VKontakte.