What are the benefits of being a director? A Brief History of Directing

So, September 1st! About 15 million schoolchildren will sit at their desks at the beginning of the 2017-2018 school year in schools, gymnasiums and lyceums.

CONTENTS

From the history of the holiday

Knowledge Day is a fairly young holiday. This year it will be celebrated for the 37th time. In the pre-Petrine era, September 1 marked the beginning of the new year. There was no single start date for classes at that time. Under Peter I, city high school students sat down at their desks as early as August. In the villages, classes could not begin until late autumn, after the harvest and completion of all agricultural work. This went on for centuries. Even the Resolution of the People's Commissars of 1930 only states that all children 8–10 years old must be admitted to school in the fall. But in 1935 everything changed. A single start time for the school year was set - September 1st. And yet, this day did not officially become a holiday until 1980. And four years later, Knowledge Day was officially recognized as a holiday and non-working day.

The first lesson in the Soviet Union was a lesson in peace. There, schoolchildren were told about imperialist aggressors and world peace. But there was another reason - the beginning of not only the school year, but also the Second World War.

Gradually, the traditions of this day formed: flowers, dress uniforms and a lineup, during which a first-grader, sitting on the graduate’s shoulder, rings the first bell. This is how the new school year begins.

From holiday to school everyday life

Colorful bouquets, white bows, excitement on the faces of beginning students. And bright backpacks are a headache for many mothers and grandmothers of young students.

Now there is a standard for the weight of a portfolio. A first-grader’s backpack should weigh no more than one and a half kilograms. But often this norm is exceeded! Children's backpacks may soon become lighter. In Moscow, many schools issue electronic textbooks instead of heavy books. For now it's an experiment.

It is important at the beginning of the school year for children to comfortably adapt to new school loads. Professional psychologists, who are available in any school, can come to the aid of children and their parents.

You can listen to a lecture about this difficult period of school life and advice from a psychologist in this video:

A new life will begin for the children going to fifth grade. They will study a second foreign language (German, Spanish, French, etc.), as was the case in the previous academic year.

• There will be classes on financial literacy and robotics.
• Astronomy will return to schools and will be studied by high school students.
• Ninth-graders will be introduced to the oral part of the OGE in the Russian language.

The oral part of the exam in Russian and the Unified State Exam is tested in several regions. A new format for such an exam may await graduates as early as 2018. In tests in physics, biology and chemistry, the test part disappeared already in 2017, but literature is still awaiting transformation. In the Unified State Exam in this subject there will be no tasks with a short answer, but the creative part will increase.

Schools are getting ready

The organization of the beginning of the academic year begins after the end of the previous academic year and ends at the end of August of the current year.

Preparation for the start of the school year includes a number of necessary activities taking into account certain requirements:

1. Fire safety;
2. compliance with sanitary standards;
3. anti-terrorism security;
4. completion of the repair work cycle;
5. providing an accessible environment for students with disabilities.

In educational institutions, the main tool for planning and managing the work of the teaching staff is teacher councils, the topics of which must comply with federal standards. At the end of summer, in August, the first pedagogical meetings are held in educational institutions, at which the following issues are discussed:

• the work of the school in the past year is analyzed;
• activities are planned for the next academic year;
• questions about the preliminary load of teachers are considered;
• Vacation dates are set.

Approximate dates of school holidays for the 2017-2018 school year

Additional holidays are provided for first-graders - a week in February (from 02/05/2018 to 02/11/2018).

In addition, at the beginning of the school year, in September, teachers’ councils include additional tasks facing the staff for consideration by teachers:

1. Organization of work on drawing up and checking work programs.
2. Optimization of the educational process in the institution.
3. Working with parents.
4. Strengthening the material and technical part of school classrooms.

To the heights of Olympus

The beginning of the new academic year 2017-2018 immediately immerses both schoolchildren and their mentors in an atmosphere of creativity. Literally at the very beginning of September, children with literary abilities are invited to participate in the All-Russian essay competition.

Not far off is the participation of the best students who are deeply interested in one or another subject in the All-Russian Olympiad for Schoolchildren, for which it is necessary to prepare in the summer and at the beginning of the first academic quarter.

Every year, educational institutions open their doors like a mother to all the children of our homeland. A new academic year is ahead, full of new acquaintances, new victories and discoveries!

In Russia, new educational standards are introduced almost every year in general education institutions. Some objects are removed, others are returned from oblivion, new disciplines appear. The rules for passing the Unified State Examination and the conditions for admission to universities are changing. So, in 2017, schoolchildren again began to study astronomy, which had been unclaimed for more than 20 years. What are they planning to implement in the coming 2018, what ideas does the Ministry of Education and Science have? Let's try to understand these issues.

Pass Russian orally

For many years, the controversy surrounding schoolchildren passing the Unified State Exam and the state final certification has not subsided. One half demands to cancel them and return to the Soviet system, the other advocates for everything to remain. I agree with the latter and Head of the Ministry of Education and Science Olga Vasilyeva. According to her, the Unified State Exam is a powerful social elevator that allows children from Siberia and the Far East to enter the best universities in the country.

- According to statistics, it turns out that at Moscow universities approximately 65% ​​of students are from the regions, and 35% are Muscovites,- Olga Vasilyeva provides data. - Before the Unified State Exam, the situation was exactly the opposite. True, the Unified State Exam mechanism itself needs improvement.

So, in 2018, changes will be made to the State Academy of Sciences: it is planned that in the 9th grade they will take an oral exam in the Russian language. It will become an admission to the state final certification and will be introduced according to the same principle as the essay in the 11th.

The readiness of the regions that will conduct “oral Russian” in pilot mode next year is currently being discussed. The plans are to return the classic school essay as an exam in the next 2-3 years.

The Unified State Exam in astronomy will not be introduced, however, by 2019, some questions from this course may appear in the unified state exam in physics.

In addition, from 2020, a foreign language exam will become mandatory for 9th graders, and from 2022 for 11th graders.

It is planned that starting from 2020, schoolchildren throughout the country will be required to take history.

Electronic school

In about a year and a half, the Russian Electronic School will begin operating. But this does not mean that everyone will study only via the Internet. Online courses make learning more flexible.

According to Olga Vasilyeva, it will be a good help for teachers.

- Almost everything will be there: methodological assistance in conducting and compiling lessons, additional modules on subjects,- says the minister. - Virtual museums, libraries, and theater performances will also be added to this. This system is currently being tested on the basis of the Moscow electronic school.

According to needs

The new standard, aimed at high school students, will leave six subject areas from which they will choose up to seven required subjects.

This is Russian language and literature or - for the first time, a choice - native language and literature. Foreign language. Mathematics and computer science. Social sciences - social studies, history, geography, economics, law. Natural sciences - natural science, physics, chemistry, biology, ecology. The sixth area is art or a subject chosen by schools in national republics (for example, in Tatarstan they asked to include the subject “technology”).

The new course "Russia in the World", which appeared thanks to the experimental textbook "Russia in the Global World", which has become very popular among high school students, along with physical education and life safety, was one of the three compulsory subjects.

The main innovation is that each of the selected subjects will have three levels of study: integrated (first stage), basic (second stage) and specialized. The student himself will decide which level is preferable for him. A future humanist will not have to study integrals and complex chemical formulas. It will be quite enough for him to gain knowledge in mathematics and chemistry, as they say, for general development, and he will be able to devote his main attention to such specialized disciplines as literature or history.

Five hours a week will be allocated for the profile course, and three hours each for the basic and integrated courses, respectively. As a result, the curriculum for a high school student will look like this: three specialized subjects, three compulsory and three at a basic or integrated level. This will reduce the number of subjects studied from 21 to 10.

Individual projects of schoolchildren, designed to develop independent learning skills, will not be forgotten in the new standard. It is expected that this work, which is allocated two hours a week, will be carried out under the guidance of a tutor (the student’s personal supervisor).

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Seal

Trimesters at school 2017-2018 are a relatively new form of organizing school time that is quite unfamiliar to our children.

The word "trimester" comes from the Latin "trimestris", or "three months". It is almost universally used in schools in England and, partially, in the USA and the Russian Federation.

Unlike the usual one, with such a system, all study time is distributed evenly, that is, divided into equal parts, and the intervals between study and rest are almost the same. The key argument in favor of using trimesters, according to experts, is that such an organization of the educational process helps to properly distribute the workload among schoolchildren, without causing overwork even among elementary school students.

In the trimester education system there are only six study periods - each trimester is divided into two parts, and six rest periods - vacations. The duration of each trimester is five or six weeks, the duration of the holidays is a week, with the exception of the two-week New Year and three-month summer holidays.

Unlike the usual one, with such a system, all study time is distributed evenly, that is, divided into equal parts, and the intervals between study and rest are almost the same. According to experts, this organization of the educational process helps to properly distribute the load on schoolchildren, without causing overwork even among elementary school students.

In the trimester education system, there are only six study periods - trimesters, and six rest periods - vacations. The duration of each trimester is five or six weeks, the duration of the holidays is a week, with the exception of the two-week New Year and three-month summer holidays.

There is probably no schoolchild who does not look forward to the holidays. Both excellent students and poor students with equal enthusiasm count the days until the long-awaited vacation begins. And, for sure, most students start counting literally from the very first days of school, even though it has now become fashionable to study well. After all, the transition from quarters to trimesters is intended to improve academic performance. To date, the preliminary schedule of school holidays by trimester for the 2017-2018 school year is as follows: five (sometimes six) weeks of classes alternate with a week of rest.

• 1st trimester/autumn holidays – from October 7 to October 15, 2017 inclusive;
• 2nd trimester/autumn holidays Stage 2 – from November 18 to November 26, 2017 inclusive;
• 3rd trimester/winter holidays – from December 30, 2017 to January 9, 2018 inclusive;
• 4th trimester/winter holidays Stage 2 – from February 17 to February 25, 2018 (sometimes these holidays are called spring holidays);
• 5th trimester/spring break – from April 7 to April 15, 2018 inclusive;
• 6th trimester/summer holidays - from June 1 to August 31 inclusive.

As you can see, in the modern education system, each trimester ends with a short rest. However, when planning vacations for 2017-2018, it is worth remembering that the vacation time in schools with a trimester education system practically does not coincide with vacations according to the usual quarter system. The only exception was the traditional New Year holidays - the Ministry of Education recommends taking the last week before and the first week after the New Year off.

The situation is similar with the long summer holidays - by order of the relevant department, absolutely all schoolchildren, regardless of the education system, take a rest during this period.

It is possible that by the 2018-2019 academic year, standards will have already been introduced to control the organization of students’ leisure time according to uniform time periods, which is already being actively discussed in the Government.

Possible changes

Those who plan their holidays in advance should remember that the dates of trimester holidays for the 2017-2018 academic year given in the article are approximate. The fact is that the Ministry of Education determines only the total duration of study time and rest time, plus gives recommendations on the start and end dates of the holidays. For example, school holidays for students must begin at the beginning of the working week, that is, on Monday.

The school retains the right to independently set vacation times - of course, within the framework of the ministry’s recommendations. So children of different schools and different regions go on vacation at different times - in some places the start of the holidays had to be “pushed back” due to severe frosts or spring floods, in others, on the contrary, everything is going exactly according to plan. So the exact, final dates for the start and end of school holidays by trimester for the 2017-2018 academic year are determined by the school leadership.

The Ministry of Education reserves the right for the educational institution to determine the form of organizing educational time independently, and the educational system - quarter or trimester - is prescribed in the Charter of each school. Thus, the government department allows the students themselves and their parents to choose how they prefer to study - with the distribution of the load across quarters or trimesters. The school administration and the parent committee can make changes to the educational process.

• Weekends and holidays are highlighted in red on the calendar.
• Vacation days are highlighted in green.

In total, during the 2017-2018 academic year there will be 167 school days and 106 days off with a 5-day school week.

• September 2017: total days - 30, school days 21, days off - 9.
• October 2017: total days - 31, school days - 20, days off - 11.
• November 2017: total days - 30, school days - 19, days off - 11.
• December 2017
• January 2018: total days - 31, school days - 18, days off - 13.
• February 2018: total days - 28, school days - 19, days off - 9.
• March 2018: total days - 31, school days - 16, weekends - 15.
• April 2018: total days - 30, school days - 21, days off - 9.
• May 2018: total days - 31, school days - 17, days off - 14.

Please note that the academic calendar for 2017-2018 is a recommendation. These dates may vary and are subject to change.

Vacations in the 2017-2018 academic year

• Autumn holidays in the 2017-2018 academic year will begin on October 28, 2017 and end on November 5, 2017. The duration of the autumn holidays 2017 will be 9 days.
• Winter New Year holidays in the 2017-2018 academic year will begin on December 23, 2017 and will last until January 7, 2018. The duration of the winter holidays will be 16 days.
• Spring break in the 2017-2018 academic year will begin on March 24, 2018 and will last until April 1, 2018. The duration of spring break will be 9 days.
• Summer holidays in 2018 will begin on May 26, 2018 and will last until September 1, 2018.

Additional holidays for first-graders may be introduced from February 17 to February 25, 2018. In addition, students in Russian educational institutions will have days off on February 23, 2018, March 8, 2018, May 1, 2018, and May 9, 2018.

It is also necessary to recall that vacation dates are only recommended by the Ministry of Education, and the final decision on the timing and duration of vacations rests with the teaching council of educational institutions.

Additional holidays in the 2017-2018 academic year

Additional holidays or rescheduling of holidays in schools and other educational institutions are possible for the following reasons:

• Low air temperature– minus 25 degrees Celsius for primary school; minus 28 degrees – for high school; minus 30 degrees for students in grades 10 and 11.
• Low temperature in classrooms. When the air temperature in classrooms is below +18 degrees, it is prohibited to conduct classes.
• Quarantine and exceeding the morbidity threshold. Quarantine can be declared in a separate school, a separate district, city or region if the epidemic incidence threshold of 25% of the total number of students is exceeded.

Weekends in the 2017-2018 academic year

In addition to traditional Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, the following dates for public holidays are established in the 2017-2018 academic year:

• November 4, 2017- day off in honor of National Unity Day. Since the holiday falls on Saturday, schoolchildren Monday 6 November will be an additional day after the autumn holidays.
• February 23, 2018- day off in honor of Defender of the Fatherland Day;
• March 8, 2018- International Women's Day holiday;
• May 1, 2018- holiday of Spring and Labor;
• May 9, 2018- Day off Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War.

Vacations for students in the 2017-2018 academic year

There will be fewer vacations at institutes, universities and other higher educational institutions during the 2017-2018 academic year, since students rest only in winter and summer. Each university sets the exact vacation schedule for students depending on the session dates. Winter holidays for students begin at the end of January and end in mid-February. During the summer period, the dates of student holidays also depend on the session and practice, which is often scheduled for June, which means you can go on vacation only in July. Also, the practice may be postponed to August, and the holidays will begin in mid-June. Everything depends on the specific university, therefore, in order to carefully plan your vacation, you need to check the data with the university administration. The only thing that can be said for sure is that the holidays should not be less than 6 weeks.

Many parents whose children are schoolchildren, and even students of general education institutions themselves, want to know in advance what the vacation schedule will be in the next 2017-2018 school year. Why? It's quite simple. Adults want to understand when their children will be free from school in order to calmly plan their family vacation or find ways to keep their children occupied. Whereas the students themselves are interested in when they will be able to “take a break” from the boredom of school everyday life.

What determines schoolchildren's vacation dates?

Every parent is concerned that his child is constantly at work, attends school, studies in sections and develops as correctly and comprehensively as possible. Firstly, it is so useful and interesting for the student himself. Secondly, he is constantly busy, which means that unpleasant situations that children so often find themselves in when they wander aimlessly all day long are excluded.

Therefore, often the approaching holidays for children make parents nervous and spend a lot of time planning the daily routine for their child. In such planning, the pressing question becomes: “How many days will the break from school last?” Moreover, you want to know the vacation schedule in advance, so that, for example, you can understand when it is best to coordinate your next vacation from work and spend more time with your son or daughter.

However, the bureaucratic reality is such that the Ministry of Education and Science approves the recommended schedule almost on the eve of September 1st. In rare cases - a little earlier. For example, before summer. Therefore, school holidays should be officially “dated” for the upcoming 2017-2018 school year only in the near future.

At the same time, we must not forget that the Ministry of Education only recommends a list of dates for schoolchildren, taking into account the list of workdays and weekends approved by the government, the workload, and various circumstances (the same quarantine). But the heads of educational institutions directly have the right to make adjustments to suit their needs - to shift the beginning and end of the “school vacation” by 1-2 weeks.

Advice! Active interaction with the parent council and the management of the educational institution will help you stay informed about the planned dates for the holidays.

If we talk about the main reasons for changing schoolchildren’s holiday dates, there are only two of them:

1. The calendar itself changes every year. As a rule, the days of the week shift slightly (by 1-2 days) relative to similar calendar numbers for the previous year.
2. Our government constantly approves a new production calendar. As a result, holidays and weekends are redistributed.

Thus, an annual change in the schedule is natural, in order, for example, to avoid overlaps.

Approximate vacation dates for 2017-2018

Currently, three main education systems are used in the Russian Federation:

1. by quarters;
2. by modules;
3. by trimester.

However, we note that the calendar modular and trimester planning approaches coincide, so children will have their holidays during the same period.

These are only approximate data. The only exceptions will be the beginning and end of training. Everything here is the same as before: on September 1, 2017 we go to school, on May 31, 2018 (junior grades earlier) we finish our studies.

What can affect changes in the calendar?

Educational institutions with a quarter system of education

The very first are the autumn holidays, which are marked by the celebration of National Unity Day - 04.11. This year, the holiday falls on a Saturday, as a result of which the all-Russian day off has been moved to the next Monday - November 6, 2018. It is better to check with the school management how exactly this transfer will be assessed by your educational institution and how it will set the time frame for rest.

As for winter, the New Year holidays of 2018, as a rule, coincide with the all-Russian weekend dedicated to the celebration of the New Year and Christmas. This means that students go on vacation from approximately December 27 to 30. Therefore, January 09-10, 2018 is the beginning of the third quarter, as well as the first working day for adults throughout the country.

In the spring of the 2017-2018 academic year, no national holidays are planned, and therefore changing the period of their holding in the spring of 2018 depends only on the decision of the school management. Any unforeseen circumstances may also have an impact - for example, quarantine, during which classes are not held. As a result, it is necessary to “catch up” in order to have time to teach all the topics of the school curriculum. Because of this, the dates for the spring “vacation” of schoolchildren may be shifted.

Important! For children 6-7 years old who are going to school for the first time, there are additional winter weekends in the last week of February.

Trimester schools

Oddly enough, this education system is somewhat easier for parents, although they themselves learned differently. The fact is that the method is initially based on the following scheme: the child studies for five weeks, rests for one - and this cycle is repeated again and again. The same period lasts for modules with a different type of training.

The only exception is winter holidays, which last longer. After all, it is associated with the New Year holidays approved by the production calendar. Therefore, the number of days off during the winter break from study is always greater.

Why might deadlines be delayed?

The main reason why the final word in approving the vacation period is left to the director of the educational institution is that the palette of territorial features of each region is too large.

Thus, in a number of Siberian and northern regions, training is often canceled due to severe frosts. Another objective reason could be a severe flood or an epidemic of diseases. Therefore, you can focus on the preliminary school schedule of school days and weekends, but you should not perceive it as final and approved.

• The official website of the school is the first source of accurate, specific information. By law, each organization carrying out educational activities is required to post an annual calendar plan of classes on its website;
• Electronic resource: student’s diary. The information you are interested in will be posted as an announcement for parents, or you can simply scroll through the diary; if there are no classes, then you have found what you were looking for;
• The class teacher always has information on the schedule of the educational process of his students and, of course, will tell you when the holidays begin or end;
• A telephone call to the school principal's office. The secretary is also aware of the teaching schedule and is authorized to provide you with this information.