"God Save the Tsar." How did the Russian monarchical anthem appear?
Emperor Nicholas I. Photo: www.globallookpress.com
On December 19, 1833, on the day of St. Nicholas, the first official performance of the Russian national anthem “Prayer of the Russian People” took place, which went down in history as “God Save the Tsar!”
The appearance of the official anthem in the Russian Empire is associated with the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812 and the glorification of Emperor Alexander I.
In 1815, V. A. Zhukovsky published his poem “The Prayer of the Russians,” dedicated to Alexander I, in the magazine “Son of the Fatherland.” The first line of this poem was the words: “God save the Tsar.” In 1816, A. S. Pushkin added two more stanzas to the poem. On October 19, 1816, they were performed by students of the lyceum to the music of the English anthem. Thus, the text of the “Prayer of the Russian People,” the Russian anthem, was practically created, but when it was performed, the music remained English. With this music, military bands in Warsaw greeted Alexander I, who arrived there in 1816. For almost 20 years, the Russian Empire officially used the melody of the English anthem.
Emperor Nicholas I, the first Russian monarch of modern times, who understood the need to create a state ideology, commissioned his court composer A.F. Lvov to write the music for the anthem. At the same time, the Emperor remarked: “ It’s boring to listen to English music that has been used for so many years.” A.F. Lvov recalled:
Count Benckendorff told me that the Emperor, regretting that we do not have a national anthem, and, bored with listening to the English music that has been used for so many years, instructs me to write a Russian anthem. I felt the need to create a majestic, strong, sensitive hymn, understandable to everyone, bearing the imprint of nationality, suitable for the Church, suitable for the troops, suitable for the people - from the learned to the ignorant.
The difficulty of the task was that the national anthem is not just a musical and poetic work performed on special occasions. The anthem is a symbol of the state, reflecting the worldview and spiritual mood of the people, their national idea.
On March 21, 1833, the newly appointed new Minister of Public Education S.S. Uvarov for the first time promulgated in his circular the then famous formula “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality” as an expression of the official ideology approved by the Sovereign.
Therefore, Zhukovsky’s lines expressed this ideology in the best possible way. However, the text of the poem was greatly shortened.
Today, many people mistakenly sing the original long version of the anthem. In fact, “God Save the Tsar” consisted of only two quatrains:
God save the Tsar!
Strong, sovereign,
Reign for glory, for our glory!
Reign to the fear of your enemies,
Orthodox Tsar!
God save the Tsar!
Before his death, Zhukovsky wrote to Lvov:
Our double work together will outlive us for a long time. A folk song, once heard, having received the right of citizenship, will remain alive forever as long as the people who appropriated it live. Of all my poems, these humble five, thanks to your music, will outlive all their brothers.
The first listening to the anthem took place in the Imperial Court Singing Chapel in St. Petersburg, where Emperor Nicholas I, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich and the Grand Duchesses arrived on November 23, 1833. The performance was carried out by court singers and two military bands. Thanks to the sublime, choral melody, the anthem sounded extremely powerful.
The appearance of the official anthem in the Russian Empire is associated with the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812 and the glorification of Emperor Alexander I. www.globallookpress.com
The Emperor listened to the music several times and really liked it. The Emperor approached A.F. Lvov, hugged him, kissed him deeply and said:
Thank you, it couldn't be better; you completely understood me.
The first public performance of the National Anthem took place in Moscow at the Bolshoi Theater on December 6 (19), 1833.
The orchestra and the entire theater troupe took part in the performance of the “Russian Folk Song” (as the anthem “God Save the Tsar!” was named in the poster). This is how an eyewitness described this memorable evening:
I am returning now from the Bolshoi Theater, delighted and touched by what I saw and heard. Everyone knows Zhukovsky’s Russian folk song “God Save the Tsar!” Lvov composed music for these words. As soon as the words of the chant “God Save the Tsar!” were heard, all three thousand spectators who filled the theater rose from their seats, following the representatives of the nobility, and remained in this position until the end of the singing. The picture was extraordinary; the silence that reigned in the huge building breathed majesty, the words and music so deeply affected the feelings of all those present that many of them shed tears from excess emotion. Everyone was silent during the singing of the new anthem; it was only clear that everyone was holding back their feelings in the depths of their souls; but when the theater orchestra, choirs, regimental musicians numbering up to 500 people began to repeat together the precious vow of all Russians, when they prayed to the Heavenly King for earthly things, I could no longer restrain the noisy delight; The applause of the admiring spectators and the cries of “Hurray!”, mingling with the choir, orchestra and the brass music that was on stage, produced a roar that seemed to vibrate the very walls of the theater. These animated delights of Muscovites devoted to their Sovereign only stopped when, at the unanimous universal demand of the audience, the people's prayer was repeated several times. For a long, long time this day in December 1833 will remain in the memory of all residents of Belokamennaya!
The anthem was performed for the second time on December 25, 1833, on the day of the Nativity of Christ and the anniversary of the expulsion of Napoleon’s troops from Russia, in all halls of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg during the consecration of banners and in the presence of high military ranks. On December 31 of the outgoing year, the commander of the Separate Guards Corps, Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich gave the order:
The Emperor was pleased to express his permission to play newly composed music at parades, parades, divorces and other occasions instead of the currently used anthem, taken from national English.
By the Supreme Decree of December 31, 1833, it was approved as the National Anthem of Russia. The Emperor ordered that on the day of the liberation of the Fatherland from enemies (December 25), the Russian anthem should be performed annually in the Winter Palace.
On December 11, 1833, the first public orchestral and choral performance of the anthem “God Save the Tsar” took place at the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow. The next day, rave reviews appeared in the newspapers. Director of the Moscow Imperial Theaters M.P. Zagoskin wrote:
I cannot describe to you the impression that this national song made on the audience; all the men and women listened to her standing, shouting “Hurray!”
The anthem was performed several times.
The majestic and solemn official anthem of the Russian Empire "God Save the Tsar!" existed until the February Revolution of 1917.
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Listen:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emNUP3EMu98&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qUFErfzIMc
Alexander Bulynko
ANTHEM OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
Historical essay-essay
The words of the State Anthem of the Russian Empire “God Save the Tsar” were written in 1815 by the great Russian poet, founder of romanticism and translator Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky (1783 - 1852).
The text part of the anthem contained only six lines:
God save the Tsar!
The glorious one has long days
Give it to the earth!
Proud to the humbler,
Guardian of the weak,
Comforter of all -
All have descended!
(1815)
These six lines of the first Russian anthem were part of the poetic work of V.A. Zhukovsky “Prayer of the Russians” (see below).
Initially, the music of the British anthem - “God save the King”, written by the Englishman Henry Carey in 1743, was chosen as the musical accompaniment to the text of the first Russian national anthem.
In this form, it was approved by the decree of Emperor Alexander I of 1816 on the performance of this melody when the emperor met at ceremonial receptions, and in this version the anthem existed until 1833.
In 1833, Emperor Nicholas I visited Austria and Prussia on a visit, during which he was honored with the sounds of the English anthem-march. The Tsar patiently listened to the melody of monarchical solidarity without enthusiasm and remarked to Prince Alexei Fedorovich Lvov, who accompanied him on this trip, that such a situation was inadmissible.
Upon returning to Russia, Nicholas I commissioned Lvov to compose the music for a new national anthem.
Prince Alexey Fedorovich Lvov (1798-1870) was chosen as the author of the music for a reason. Lvov was considered a major representative of Russian violin art of the 1st half of the 19th century. He received violin lessons at the age of 7 from F. Boehm, and studied composition from I.G. Miller.
He received an engineering and technical education, graduating in 1818 from the Higher Imperial School of Transport (now MIIT). Then he worked in the Arakcheevo military settlements as a railway engineer, without giving up his violin studies. Since 1826 he has been an aide-de-camp at the court of the Imperial Majesty.
Unable to perform in public concerts due to his official position (which was prohibited by a special decree of the emperor), he became famous as a wonderful virtuoso violinist by playing music in circles, salons, and at charity events.
Only when traveling abroad did Lvov perform in front of a wide audience. Here he developed friendly relations with F. Mendelssohn, J. Meyerbeer, G. Spontini, R. Schumann, who highly valued Lvov’s performing skills as a soloist and member of a string ensemble.
Later, in 1837, Lvov was appointed director of the Court Singing Chapel, and served in this position until 1861. From 1837 to 1839. The conductor of the chapel was the great Russian composer M.I. Glinka.
In addition to the music of the Russian anthem, Prince Lvov is the author of the operas “Bianca and Gualtiero” (1844), “Ondine” (1847), a concert for violin and orchestra, Orthodox church chants, such as “Like the Cherubim”, “Thy Secret Supper” and other musical works, as well as a number of articles on violin making.
And in 1933, 35-year-old Prince Alexei Lvov, having fulfilled a state order from Emperor Nicholas I, became the author of the music for the second version of the national anthem of the Russian Empire. The words to it were also taken from the poem by V.A. Zhukovsky, but lines 2 and 3 were changed by A.S. Pushkin, who should also be considered a co-author of this work.
The new anthem was first performed on December 18, 1833 and existed until the February Revolution of 1917.
It also has only six lines of text and 16 bars of melody.
The text part of this work is the shortest national anthem in the history of mankind. These words easily sank into the soul, were easily remembered by absolutely everyone and were designed for verse repetition - three times.
In the period from 1917 to 1967. This work has never been publicly performed anywhere and was heard for a wide audience only in the film “New Adventures of the Elusive” directed by Edmond Keosayan (Mosfilm, 1968). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jv9lTakWskE&feature=related
From 1917 to 1918, the national anthem was the melody of the French song of the Army of the Rhine "La Marseillaise". The words, which are not a translation of the French song, were written by P.L. Lavrov, music by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle.
From 1918 to 1944, the official national anthem of the country was “The Internationale” (words by Eugene Potier, music by Pierre Degeyter, Russian text by Arkady Kotz).
By a resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on December 14, 1943, the new anthem of the USSR was approved (words by S.V. Mikhalkov with the participation of G.A. El-Registan, music by A.V. Alexandrov). This version of the anthem was first performed on the night of January 1, 1944. It was officially used since March 15, 1944. Since 1955, this version has been performed without words, since the name of I.V. Stalin was mentioned in its text. However, the old words of the anthem were not officially abolished, therefore, during foreign performances of Soviet athletes, the anthem with the old words was sometimes performed.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 27, 1977, a new text of the anthem was approved, the author of the text was the same S.V. Mikhalkov.
On November 27, 1990, at the opening of the Second Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, the melody of M.I. Glinka’s “Patriotic Song” was performed and unanimously approved as the State Anthem of the Russian Federation. It remained the anthem of Russia until 2000. This anthem was sung without words, since there was no generally accepted text for the “Patriotic Song”.
Since 2000, the official anthem of Russia has been the national anthem with music by Alexander Alexandrov, written by him for the “Hymn of the Bolshevik Party”. The next version of the text belongs to the same Sergei Mikhalkov.
But that, as they say, is a different story...
In conclusion, it should be noted that all monarchist movements in Russia still consider “God Save the Tsar” as their anthem.
Based on materials from the Free Encyclopedia "Wikipedia" and other Internet sites.
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National anthem of the Russian Empire
GOD SAVE THE KING
(A.F. Lvov - V.A. Zhukovsky)
God Save the Tsar
Strong, sovereign,
Reign for our glory,
Reign to the fear of your enemies,
Orthodox Tsar.
God save the Tsar!
(1833)
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky
RUSSIAN PRAYER
God save the Tsar!
Strong, sovereign,
Reign for glory, for our glory!
Reign to the fear of your enemies,
Orthodox Tsar!
God, the Tsar, save the Tsar!
God save the Tsar!
The glorious one has long days
Give it to the earth! Give it to the earth!
Proud to the humbler,
Glorious to the keeper,
All to the comforter - all sent down!
First-power
Orthodox Rus',
God Bless! God Bless!
Her kingdom is harmonious,
Calm in power!
Anything unworthy, throw away!
The army is blasphemous,
Glory's chosen ones,
God Bless! God Bless!
To the avenging warriors,
Honor to the saviors,
Long days to peacemakers!
Peaceful warriors,
Guardians of truth
God Bless! God Bless!
Their life is approximate
Unhypocritical
Remember faithful valor!
Oh, Providence!
Blessing
It was sent down to us! It was sent down to us!
Striving for good
In happiness there is humility,
In times of sorrow, give patience to the earth!
Be our intercessor
Faithful companion
See us off! See us off!
Light and lovely,
Life in heaven
Known to the heart, shine to the heart!
(1815)
========================================
Eduard Leitman
GOT, SAVE THE TSAR
Translation into English of the anthem
"God Save the Tsar!"
God, save the tsar of us
Sovereign, vigorous!
Reign for the glory of,
Always defend beloved,
Orthodox rigorous.
God, save the tsar of us!
Eduard Leitman
THE RUSSIAN PRAYER
Translation into English of the poem
V.A. Zhukovsky "Russian Prayer"
God, save the tsar of us
Sovereign, vigorous!
Reign for the glory of,
Always defend beloved,
Orthodox rigorous.
God, save the tsar of us!
Save, God, for us the tsar!
Let him be the star
On Russian earth.
Insolence we'll defeat.
Weak ones 'll get a treat.
Living for all 'll be sweet.
God, make us peace!
Sovereign first of all
Of Orthodox as called
Save Russia, God!
Realms with powers
Where wealth flowers
From what's not ours
Help us to guard!
Oh, worldly providence,
Your highest prominence,
Bring us the world!
Being of good reputation
With happy life pursuit
On a demure route
Bless us on earth!
Anthem of the Russian Empire
Hymn is a solemn song that praises and glorifies someone or something. The hymn genetically goes back to prayer and is found in the sacred poetry of many peoples of all times.
Currently, the anthem, along with the flag and coat of arms, is one of the national symbols of states.
From the history of European anthems
The first widely known national anthem in Europe (but not the official one) is the British “God save our Lord the King”. Then, in imitation of him, the anthems of other European countries appeared. Initially, most of them were sung to the music of the British anthem (for example, the Russian “God Save the Tsar!”, the American, the anthem of the German Empire, the Swiss and others - about 20 anthems in total). Then the anthems began to be approved by monarchs or parliaments, and therefore almost every anthem received its own melody. But the Liechtenstein anthem, for example, is still sung to the music of the English anthem.
Hymns of the Russian Empire
There were three famous anthems in the Russian Empire: “The thunder of victory, ring out!”, "Russian Prayer" And " God save the king!”.
“The thunder of victory, ring out!”
Russian-Turkish War 1787-1791 ended with the victory of the Russians and the conclusion of the Peace of Jassy between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. As a result of this agreement, the entire Northern Black Sea region, including Crimea, was assigned to Russia, and its political positions in the Caucasus and Balkans strengthened significantly. In the Caucasus, the border along the Kuban River has been restored.
Ishmael was a tough nut to crack: neither Field Marshal N.V. Repnin, nor Field Marshal I.V. Gudovich, nor Field Marshal G.A. Potemkin could not “chew” him. But A.V. Suvorov did it!
D. Doe "Portrait of A.V. Suvorov"
First, he carefully examined the fortress, riding around it on a nondescript horse and dressing inconspicuously so as not to attract the attention of the Turks. The fortress turned out to be very reliably protected. “A fortress without weak points,” he said after inspection. Then Suvorov began training soldiers to take the fortress: he taught them to quickly set up ladders and storm the enemy. But he noted later that “one could only decide to storm such a fortress once in a lifetime.”
Assault on the Izmail fortress A.V. Suvorov began in the early morning of December 22, 1790, occupying all the fortifications by 8 a.m. and overcoming resistance on the city streets by 4 p.m.
The poet G. Derzhavin wrote poems in honor of the capture of Izmail “The thunder of victory, ring out!”, which became the unofficial Russian anthem of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
A. Kivshenko "The Capture of Izmail"
Thunder of victory, ring out!
Have fun, brave Ross!
Decorate yourself with resounding glory.
You beat Mohammed!
Chorus:
Glory to this, Catherine!
Hail, mother tender to us!
The fast waters of the Danube
Already in our hands now;
Honoring the bravery of the Rosses,
The Taurus is below us and the Caucasus.
The hordes of Crimea cannot
Now to destroy our peace;
Selima's pride is lowered,
And he pales with the moon.
The groan of Sinai is heard,
Today in the sunflower everywhere,
Envy and enmity rage
And he is tormented within himself.
We rejoice in the sounds of glory,
So that enemies can see
That your hands are ready
We will stretch to the edge of the universe.
Look, wise queen!
Look, great wife!
What is Your glance, Your right hand
Our law, the soul is one.
Look at the glittering cathedrals,
Look at this beautiful system;
All hearts and eyes are with you
They are revived by one.
The music of the anthem was written by O. A. Kozlovsky, a Belarusian composer and organist.
Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky (1757-1831)
O.A. Kozlovsky
Born into a noble family on the Kozlovichi estate near the city of Propoisk (now Slavgorod) in the Mogilev province. Musical abilities manifested themselves early, and the boy was sent to study music in Warsaw, where he studied at the Church of St. Yana received a musical education and practiced as a violinist, organist and singer. At one time his teacher was Mikhail Oginsky, composer and politician, best known among us as the author of the famous “Polonaise”, participant in the Kosciuszko uprising and diplomat of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Having joined the formation of the Russian army in 1786, Kozlovsky participated in the Russian-Turkish war as an officer, and after the war he received recognition in St. Petersburg as a composer: he wrote “Russian Songs” and was entrusted with the design of official celebrations. In 1795 O.A. Kozlovsky, commissioned by Count Sheremetyev, writes the opera “The Capture of Ishmael” based on the text by P. Potemkin. In 1799 he was appointed “inspector of music” of the imperial theaters, and in 1803 he received the position of “director of music” and actually became the head of the musical and theatrical life of St. Petersburg. Then he wrote the melodrama “Zhneyi, or Dozhinki in Zalesye”, the tragedy “Oedipus in Athens”, “Requiem” and other serious musical works: instrumental, choral and symphonic, two comic operas, etc. The festive cantata “Glory to you, God”, written in 1814-1815, dedicated to the victory over Napoleon. It was first performed on the day of the coronation of Nicholas I. His work enjoyed great fame in Russia. Kozlovsky is the author of the festive polonaise “The Thunder of Victory, Ring Out,” which became the anthem of the Russian Empire (1791-1816).
“Prayer of the Russians” (“Prayer of the Russian people”
This was the first Supremely approved national anthem of Russia from 1816 to 1833.
In 1815, the first two stanzas of the poem by V.A. Zhukovsky were published in the magazine “Son of the Fatherland”, they were called “Prayer of the Russian People”. The music of the anthem was the melody of the British anthem by composer Thomas Arne.
At the end of 1816, Alexander I issued a decree establishing the procedure for performing the anthem: it was to be performed during meetings of the emperor. Remained the national anthem of Russia until 1833.
God save the Tsar!
The glorious one has long days
Give it to the earth!
Proud to the humbler,
Guardian of the weak,
Comforter to all -
Everything has been sent down!
First-power
Orthodox Rus'
God Bless!
Her kingdom is harmonious,
The strength is calm!
Still unworthy
Get away!
Oh, Providence!
Blessing
They sent it down to us!
Striving for good,
In happiness there is humility,
Patience in sorrow
Give it to the earth!
The history of the creation of the hymn “God Save the Tsar!” (1833-1917)
In 1833 A. F. Lvov accompanied Nicholas I during his visit to Austria and Prussia, where the emperor was greeted everywhere with the sounds of the English march. Then the emperor had the idea of creating the Russian anthem - he listened to the melody of monarchical solidarity without enthusiasm. Upon his return, the emperor instructed Lvov to compose a new anthem. Nicholas I appreciated Lvov's creativity and trusted his musical taste.
The words of the anthem were also written by V.A. Zhukovsky, but lines 2 and 3 were written by A.S. Pushkin. The anthem was first performed on December 18, 1833 under the title “Prayer of the Russian People,” and from December 31, 1833 it became the official anthem of the Russian Empire under a new name “God save the king!”. This anthem existed until the February Revolution of 1917.
God save the Tsar!
Strong, Sovereign,
Reign for glory, for our glory!
Reign to the fear of your enemies,
Orthodox Tsar!
God save the Tsar!
Manuscript by V.A. Zhukovsky
Just six lines of the hymn and 16 bars of melody were easy to remember and were designed for verse repetition.
The music for the new anthem was written by composer A.F. Lviv.
Alexey Fedorovich Lvov (1798-1870)
P. Sokolov "Portrait of A. Lvov"
A.F. Lvov is a Russian violinist, composer, conductor, music writer and public figure. In 1837-1861. led the Court Choir (now it is State Academic Chapel of St. Petersburg- a concert organization in St. Petersburg, including the oldest professional choir in Russia, founded in the 15th century, and a symphony orchestra. Has its own concert hall).
State Academic Chapel of St. Petersburg named after. M.I. Glinka
A.F. was born. Lvov in 1798 in Reval (now Tallinn) in the family of the famous Russian musical figure F.P. Lvov. He received a good musical education in the family. At the age of seven he played the violin in home concerts and studied with many teachers. In 1818 he graduated from the Institute of Railways, worked in the Arakcheevo military settlements as a railway engineer, but did not stop studying the violin.
Since 1826 - adjutant wing.
Due to his official position, Lvov did not have the opportunity to perform in public concerts, but, playing music in circles, salons, and at charity events, he became famous as a wonderful virtuoso. But while traveling abroad, he also performed in front of a wide audience. He had friendly relations with many European performers and composers: F. Mendelssohn, J. Meyerbeer, G. Spontini, R. Schumann, who highly appreciated his performing skills. He wrote a book about the beginnings of violin playing and added his own “24 Caprices” to it, which still have artistic and pedagogical significance. He also wrote sacred music.
In 1833, Prince Alexei Fedorovich Lvov accompanied Nicholas I during his visit to Austria and Prussia, where the emperor was greeted everywhere by the sounds of the English march. The Tsar listened to the melody of monarchical solidarity without enthusiasm. Upon returning to his homeland, the emperor wished that his own Russian march be created. Then a secret competition began to write a new monarchist anthem, in which many Russian composers took part, including the great Mikhail Glinka, but the composer Alexei Lvov, close to the court, won the competition.
The new anthem was first performed on December 18, 1833 (according to other sources - December 25), it existed until the February Revolution of 1917. After the October Revolution, this anthem was erased from the history of the new Soviet state, and the International began to perform it instead...
The anthem of the Russian Empire was called “God Save the Tsar!”, lyrics to music by A.F. Lvov was written by the famous Russian poet V.A. Zhukovsky. There was not a single person in Russia who had never heard or sung the Russian anthem, glorifying the Orthodox Tsar and the Orthodox Autocratic Fatherland; however, this anthem was not just a patriotic march, but also a prayer, which is why it turned out to be so close to the soul of the Russian people .
God save the Tsar!
Strong, sovereign,
Reign for our glory,
Reign to the fear of your enemies,
Orthodox Tsar!
God save the Tsar!
.
God save the Tsar!
The glorious one has long days
Give it to the earth!
Proud to the humbler,
Guardian of the weak,
Comforter of all -
All have descended!
.
First-power
Orthodox Rus',
God Bless!
Her kingdom is harmonious,
Calm in strength,
Still unworthy
Get away!
.
O providence,
Blessing
It was sent down to us!
Striving for good
In happiness there is humility,
Patience in sorrow
Give it to the earth!
On November 23, 1833, the anthem was first presented to the tsar - for which the royal family and their retinue specially arrived at the Singing Chapel, where the court singers with two military bands performed the anthem in front of them. Thanks to the sublime, choral melody, the anthem sounded extremely powerful. The tsar really liked the melody, which he listened to several times, and he ordered to “show” the anthem to the general public.
Performance of the hymn “God Save the Tsar”
On December 11, 1833, at the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow, the orchestra and the entire theater troupe took part in the performance of “Russian Folk Song” ( This is how the hymn “God Save the Tsar” was named in the poster.). The next day, rave reviews appeared in the newspapers. This is what the director of the Moscow Imperial Theaters M.P. says about the historical premiere. Zagoskin: “At first the words were sung by one of the actors, Bantyshev, then repeated by the whole choir. I cannot describe to you the impression that this national song made on the audience; all the men and ladies listened to her standing; first “hurray” and then “foro” thundered in the theater when it was sung. Of course, it was repeated..."
.
On December 25, 1833, on the anniversary of the expulsion of Napoleon's troops from Russia, the anthem was performed in the halls of the Winter Palace during the consecration of banners and in the presence of high military officials. On December 31 of the outgoing year, the commander of the Separate Guards Corps, Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, gave the order: “The Emperor was pleased to express his permission to play newly composed music at parades, reviews, divorces and other occasions, instead of the currently used anthem, taken from national English.”
.
On August 30, 1834, a monument, the Alexander Pillar, was opened on Palace Square in St. Petersburg in honor of the victory over Napoleon in the War of 1812. The grand opening of the monument was accompanied by a parade of troops, before which the Russian anthem “God Save the Tsar” was performed for the first time in an official setting "
Soon the music of the hymn “God Save the Tsar” became famous in Europe.
On May 26, 1883, on the Day of the Ascension of the Lord, the consecration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow took place, coinciding with the Day of the Holy Coronation of Emperor Alexander III to the All-Russian Throne. Then this anthem was performed especially solemnly. P.I. Tchaikovsky - back in 1880, wrote an overture in which the theme of the hymn “God Save the Tsar” sounds in a beautiful harmonic arrangement, and it was performed on the occasion of the consecration of the Temple. In total, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky used the music of the anthem in six of his works.
However, not everyone liked the music of the anthem, for example, the famous critic V.V. Stasov did not like her and made critical remarks about her. M.I. also expressed some disapproval of the anthem. Glinka, but despite this composer A.F. Lvov forever entered the galaxy of Russian composers, as evidenced, in particular, by the painting by I.E. Repin, hanging on the landing of the stairs at the Moscow Conservatory. The painting is called “Slavic Composers”, and in it, along with Glinka, Chopin, Rimsky-Korsakov and others, the author of the official Russian anthem A.F. is depicted in an embroidered court uniform. Lviv.
Painting by I. Repin “Slavic Composers”
After the overthrow of the tsarist regime, covered by the imaginary abdication of Tsar Nicholas II from the throne and the subsequent murder of the royal family by the Bolsheviks, glorifying the royal person with a “folk song” became impossible. The new interim government almost immediately made attempts to create its own Russian anthem. Then the Russian poet V.Ya. In March 1917, Bryusov wrote an article “On the New Russian Anthem,” in which he expressed the idea of the need to organize an all-Russian competition to write the anthem of New Russia and proposed several options for approaching writing the music and words of this work.
He wrote: “We need a short song that, by the power of sounds, the magic of art, would immediately unite those gathered in one impulse, would immediately set everyone in one high mood”... Bryusov emphasized that the “spirit of the people”, usually characteristic of the national anthems of countries with a “uniform ” by the population, must be expressed differently in multinational Russia. According to Bryusov, the anthem cannot be “Great Russian”. He also cannot draw pathos from the Orthodox religion due to the diversity of faiths in the country. Finally, the anthem should not divide the population by class, nationality, etc. - it should sound for everyone who considers Russia their Motherland. In the verses of the anthem, as V.Ya. believed. Bryusov, should be reflected: military glory, the size of the country, the heroic past and the exploits of the people. The pathos of the words of the anthem should correspond to the pathos of the melody and contain ideas: the brotherhood of the peoples inhabiting Russia, their meaningful work for the common good, the memory of the best people of our native history, those noble endeavors that will open the way for Russia to true greatness... “In addition,” the poet wrote , - the anthem must be an artistic creation, genuine, inspired poetry; the other is unnecessary and useless. External form - the anthem must be a song..."
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Following Bryusov, many other proposals were made regarding a new anthem.
At first, the orchestras performed the classic French version of “La Marseillaise,” while the Russian “Workers’ Marseillaise” was sung to the words of P. Lavrov. Meanwhile, at rallies and meetings, the socialist anthem “Internationale” began to be heard more and more often. In January 1918, the Internationale was approved by the Council of People's Commissars as the country's anthem and began to be sung by the people, but it was no longer a song-prayer; rather, on the contrary, it was the song of rebels who had risen to the previous order of life, ready to demolish and destroy everything, in the hope build your own world on the ruins of the old world. It remains only to add that according to Holy Scripture, “those branded with a curse” are demons, but people can also brand themselves with the curse of the Almighty if they rebel against God and begin to collaborate with demons. Here is the first verse of the international, compare it with the prayer hymn “God Save the Tsar”:
Arise, branded with a curse,
The whole world is hungry and slaves!
Our indignant mind is boiling
And ready to fight to the death.
We will destroy the whole world of violence
Down to the ground and then
We are ours, we will build a new world:
He who was nothing will become everything!
Later ( in 1943) a new anthem will appear: “The indestructible Union of free republics has been united forever by Great Rus'. Long live the united, mighty Soviet Union, created by the will of the peoples!” But that is another story.
And now Zhanna Bichevskaya and the male choir are performing the Anthem of the Russian Empire “God Save the Tsar!”
Message quote State anthem of the Russian Empire "God Save the Tsar".
The appearance of the official anthem in the Russian Empire is associated with the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812 and the glorification of Emperor Alexander I. “In honor” was then the melody of the English anthem “God Save the King” in Russia. Some musical works glorified the Russian victorious Tsar. Similar songs appeared already in 1813: “Song to the Russian Tsar” by A. Vostokov with the melody of the English anthem contained the following words: “Accept the crown of victory, Father of the Fatherland, Praise be to you!”In 1815 V.A. Zhukovsky wrote and published a poem in the magazine "Son of the Fatherland" entitled "The Prayer of the Russians", also dedicated to Alexander I.Somebody believes that this was a translation from English, at least of the first line - “God save the Tsar!” ("God Save the King").
Emperor Alexander I.
Portrait by V.L. Borovikovsky from the original by E. Vigée-Lebrun. 1802.
God save the Tsar!
The glorious one has long days
Give it to the earth!
Proud to the humbler,
Guardian of the weak,
Comforter of all -
Everything has been sent down!
First-power
Orthodox Rus'
God Bless!
The kingdom is harmonious for her!
Calm in power!
Still unworthy
Get away!
Oh, Providence!
Blessing
It was sent down to us!
Striving for good
In happiness there is humility,
Patience in sorrow
Give it to the earth! (1815)
Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich.Karl Bryullov Portrait V.A.Zhukovsky. (1783-1852 )
In 1816 A.S. Pushkin added two more stanzas to the poem. On October 19, 1816, they were performed by students of the Lyceum to the music of the English anthem. Thus, on the occasion of the celebration of the anniversary of the Lyceum, Zhukovsky’s translation received an original continuation written by Pushkin.
God! Save the king!
The glorious one has long days
Give it to the earth.
Proud to the humbler,
Guardian of the weak,
Comforter of all
All have descended.
There - with loud glory,
a strong power
He covered the world.
It's serene here
A reliable canopy,
With tender grace
It dawned on us.
Scold at a terrible hour
Protected us powerfully
Faithful hand -
Voice of tenderness
Thanksgiving,
Hearts of aspiration -
Here is our tribute.(1816)
Zhukovsky supplemented his work in 1818 - it was performed at a public exam for students of the St. Petersburg gymnasium.Thus, the text of the “Prayer of the Russian People,” the text of the Russian anthem, was practically created, but when it was performed, the music remained English. With this music, military bands in Warsaw greeted Alexander I, who arrived there in 1816. For almost 20 years, the Russian Empire officially used the melody of the English anthem.From that time on, it was ordered by His Majesty to always play the anthem when meeting the sovereign.
God save the Tsar!
Anthem of the Russian Empire 1833-1917
music Alexey Fedorovich Lvov (1833)
words Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky (1833)
Pages from the St. Petersburg music edition of 1840 - autographs of notes and text written by Lvov and Zhukovsky, respectively, as well as German and French texts:
"God Save the Tsar" — from 1833 to 1917, replacing the previous anthem.
INprinceaccompaniedduring his visit toAnd, where the emperor was greeted everywhere with the sounds of English. The Tsar listened to the melody of monarchical solidarity without enthusiasm and upon his return instructed Lvov, as the musician closest to him, to compose a new anthem. New anthem (music by Prince Lvov, words also by Zhukovsky, but with the participation) was first performed1833 (according to other sources -) entitled “Prayer of the Russian people.” And on December 31, 1833, it became the official anthem of the Russian Empire under the new name “God Save the Tsar!” and existed until.
Usually the history of the creation of the official anthem of the Russian Empire is explained by the whim of Emperor Nicholas I, who allegedly said: “It’s boring to listen to English music, which has been used for so many years...” It has already been noted that Nicholas I was extremely interested in the issue of Russian state attributes, strengthening them, giving weight to monarchical symbols. It is unlikely that he decided to create a “folk song” out of boredom.
The tsar chose a person close and devoted to him as the author of the music - A.F. Lvov, although he could have chosen the number one Russian composer - M.I. Glinka. It is believed that some kind of secret competition was organized, about which the composer’s stepmother Lvova recalled: “We knew that many people compose new music to these (?) words, that even the Empress sings and plays these compositions, that the Tsar hears and does not say a word " Contemporaries in their memoirs call M.Yu. Vielgorsky and M.I. Glinka, who supposedly wrote the music of the hymn. However, the latter later reported that no one instructed him to write the anthem.
Alexey Fedorovich Lvov was born in Reval in 1798 into an aristocratic and musical family. His father, F.P. Lvov, was the director of the Court Singing Chapel. Alexey Fedorovich received a good musical education and studied violin. However, by the will of fate, after graduating from the Corps of Railway Engineers in 1818, he entered military service - in the military settlements of the Novgorod province under the command of A.A. Arakcheeva. Lvov continued to study music, in particular, he made a new orchestration of Pergolesi’s Stabat Mater, which was performed in St. Petersburg at the Philharmonic Society. For this he receives the honorary title of composer of the Bologna Academy.
Lvov tried more than once to leave the service and focus only on music. However, he could not refuse the chief of gendarmes A.Kh. Benckendorf and transferred to the service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, convincingly asking, however, for the benefit of the service, “not to use him in secret matters,” for which he was incapable. In 1826, he was seconded to the retinue of Nicholas I, first to “carry out affairs related to voyages,” and then became the manager of the affairs of the Imperial Apartment. He took part in the war with Turkey of 1828-1829, participated in the battles near Varna, receiving his first military awards. In 1832, Lvov was enlisted in the honorary Cavalry Regiment, he commanded the royal convoy, accompanying the king on all trips.
From that time on, he became close not only to the emperor, but also to his family, accompanying the princess’s singing on the violin and participating in home concerts of the imperial family.
It was to him that Nicholas I approached through Benckendorff with a proposal to try to write a “Russian anthem.” This happened in 1833 after the return of the Tsar from Austria and Prussia. Lvov recalled that the task seemed very difficult to him, especially when he thought about the majestic English anthem. “I felt the need,” Lvov wrote, “to create a majestic, strong, sensitive hymn, understandable to everyone, bearing the imprint of nationality, suitable for the church, suitable for the troops, suitable for the people - from the scientist to the ignorant.”
Although all these thoughts worried and frightened the young musician, one evening, returning home, he sat down at the table - and in a few minutes the hymn was written. Here, as we see, A.F. Lvov became like Rouget de Lisle. Zhukovsky provided practically already existing words, “fitting” them to the melody. This is how the masterpiece of Zhukovsky - Lvov appeared. The text consisted of only 6 lines: “God save the Tsar! Strong, sovereign, Reign for our glory; Reign to the fear of your enemies, Orthodox Tsar! God save the Tsar!” - however, thanks to the sublime, choral melody, it sounded exceptionally powerful.
On November 23, 1833, the Tsar with his family and retinue specially arrived at the Singing Chapel, where the first performance of the anthem music composed by Lvov took place with court singers and two military bands. After listening to the melody several times, the king liked it and gave the order to “show” it to the general public.
On December 11, 1833, at the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow, the orchestra and the entire theater troupe took part in the performance of the “Russian Folk Song” (as the anthem “God Save the Tsar” was named in the playbill). The next day, rave reviews appeared in the newspapers. This is what the director of the Moscow Imperial Theaters M.P. says about the historical premiere. Zagoskin: “At first the words were sung by one of the actors, Bantyshev, then repeated by the whole choir. I cannot describe to you the impression that this national song made on the audience; all the men and ladies listened to her standing; first “hurray” and then “foro” thundered in the theater when it was sung. Of course, it was repeated...”
On December 25, 1833, on the anniversary of the expulsion of Napoleon's troops from Russia, the anthem was performed in the halls of the Winter Palace during the consecration of banners and in the presence of high military officials. On December 31 of the outgoing year, the commander of the Separate Guards Corps, Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, gave the order: “The Emperor was pleased to express his permission to play newly composed music at parades, reviews, divorces and other occasions, instead of the currently used anthem, taken from national English.”
On August 30, 1834, on Palace Square in St. Petersburg, a monument was opened - the Alexander Pillar - in honor of the victory over Napoleon in the War of 1812. The grand opening of the monument was accompanied by a parade of troops, before which the Russian anthem “God, the Tsar” was performed for the first time in such an official setting keep it."
In 1840, Lvov went on vacation, and as a non-military person, an artist. He performed concerts in Germany, England, France and everywhere else with great success; Mendelssohn, Liszt, and Schumann admired his talent as a violinist. The latter, in the article “Alexey Lvov,” wrote: “Mr. Lvov is a violinist so remarkable and rare that he can be put on a par with the first performers in general.”
The music of the hymn “God Save the Tsar” quickly became famous in Europe. The musical theme of the anthem varies in several works by German and Austrian composers. In Russia P.I. Tchaikovsky “quotes” him in two musical works - “Slavic March” and the “1812” overture, written in 1880 and performed on the occasion of the consecration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow.
Lvov, favored by the sovereign (he received a precious snuff box with diamonds, and later a motto for the coat of arms: “God Save the Tsar”), is engaged in active musical activity, writes church music, creates several operas, violin concerts, and songs. After the death of his father, he “inherited” the court singing chapel, created a wonderful ensemble and school of singing, and then the St. Petersburg Symphony Society.
In military service, he also received ranks - aide-de-camp to the Tsar, two years later - colonel, and in 1843 - major general.
However, the authorship of the creation of the national anthem came from A.F. Lviv the greatest glory. His co-author understood this very well. Shortly before the death of V.A. Zhukovsky wrote to A.F. Lvov: “Our joint double work will outlive us for a long time. A folk song, once heard, having received the right of citizenship, will remain alive forever as long as the people who appropriated it live. Of all my poems, these humble five, thanks to your music, will outlive all their brothers. Where have I not heard this singing? In Perm, in Tobolsk, at the foot of Chatyrdag, in Stockholm, in London, in Rome!
The music of the anthem was not to the liking of the famous critic V.V. Stasov, she did not delight M.I. Glinka, but A.F. Lvov forever entered the galaxy of Russian composers, as evidenced, in particular, by the painting by I.E. Repin, hanging on the landing of the stairs at the Moscow Conservatory. The painting is called “Slavic Composers”, and in it, along with Glinka, Chopin, Rimsky-Korsakov and others, the author of the official Russian anthem A.F. is depicted in an embroidered court uniform. Lviv.
"Slavic composers", (1871-72), I.E. Repin. The center of the picture is Russian composers: in the foreground, M.I. Glinka talks with M.A. Balakirev, V.F. Odoevsky and N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov (in military uniform). Behind this group sits A.S. Dargomyzhsky on a chair, behind which I.S. Laskovsky is visible, on the right is A.F. Lvov (in a court uniform), listening to A.N. Verstovsky. At the piano are brothers A.G. and N.G. Rubinstein, between A.G. and Lvov is A.N. Serov. In the depths behind them, the group is formed by A.P. Gurilev, D.S. Bortnyansky and P.I. Turchaninov. Polish musicians - S. Moniuszko (far right), F. Chopin, M. Oginski and K. Lipinski (against the background of the door). Left edge - Czech composers E. Napravnik (extreme), B. Smetana, K. Bendel and V. Horak. From the collection of the Moscow State Conservatory. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5,_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D1%85 %D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8!
