Stolz's attitude to service and society. Oblomov and Stolz

Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich is a wonderful Russian realist writer. His work has become firmly established in the classical literature of our country. The originality of his artistic world lies, according to N.A. Dobrolyubov, in that he was able to embrace in his work the full image of an object, sculpt, mint it.

The main idea of ​​Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov"

In his novel, Ivan Alexandrovich condemns noble inactivity. The characterization of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov" proves this, and you will soon see this. The author welcomes the businesslike spirit of the entrepreneurial class that was emerging at that time. For Goncharov, what is essential in Oblomov’s character is his lordly spoiling, as well as the inactivity that follows from it, the powerlessness of will and mind. The image of this hero under the hand of such an eminent master resulted in a broad picture in which the reader is presented with the pre-reform life of the country's local nobility. The work was written more than 100 years ago, but it still attracts attention to this day. This novel is certainly a classic work written in the beautiful Russian language.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov

What is the characterization of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov"? After reading it, everyone probably wants to understand who is closer to them in spirit: Stolz or Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov’s characterization, at first glance, lacks appeal. In the novel, this hero appears as a man no longer in his first youth. He tried to serve in the past, but withdrew from all activities and became unable to return to them. Not only does he not want to do anything, but he doesn’t even want to be in society, go for a walk, get dressed, or just get up from the couch. The serene state of this hero is disturbed only by visitors who come only to Oblomov for selfish purposes. For example, Tarantiev simply robs him, borrowing money and not returning it. Oblomov turns out to be a victim of his visitors in the work, since he cannot understand the true purpose of their visits. The only exception is Stolz, a friend of his youth, who comes to visit him in Oblomovka.

However, Oblomov’s characterization is not so unambiguously negative. We will return to it later.

Andrey Ivanovich Stolts

Stolz is the antipode of this hero in the novel. Goncharov portrayed him as a “new man.” From childhood, Stolz was brought up in harsh conditions, gradually getting used to the difficulties and hardships of life. This is a businessman alien to both official careerism and noble laziness, who is distinguished by a level of culture and such activity that at that time were not characteristic of the Russian merchants. Apparently, not knowing where to find such a person among Russian business people, Goncharov decided to make his hero the scion of a half-German family. Stolz, however, received his upbringing from a Russian mother, who was a noblewoman, and also studied at the capital’s university. This hero believes that through the construction of highways, fairs, piers, and schools, the patriarchal “broken areas” will turn into income-generating, comfortable estates.

Views on Oblomov's life

It’s not just apathy that marks Oblomov’s characterization. This hero is trying to “philosophize.” Ilya Ilyich contrasts the sincerity and kindness of patriarchal life with the moral depravity of representatives of the bureaucratic-noble society of the capital. He condemns him for his desire for careerism, lack of serious interests, and mutual hostility covered by ostentatious courtesy. In this regard, the author of the novel agrees with Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov’s characterization is complemented by the fact that he is a romantic. This hero dreams mainly of quiet family happiness.

Stolz's attitude to life

On the contrary, Stolz is the enemy of the “dream”, everything mysterious and enigmatic. However, by “dream” he means not only rose-colored romance, but also all kinds of idealism. The author, explaining the beliefs of this hero, writes that in his eyes, what is not subject to analysis of practical truth, experience, is an optical illusion or a fact to which the turn of experience has not yet reached.

The importance of love conflict in revealing the characters of the main characters

A comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz would be incomplete if we did not reveal the topic of the relationship between these heroes and Olga Ilyinskaya. Goncharov introduces his characters into a love conflict in order to test them with life itself, which will show what each of them is worth. Therefore, the heroine of “Oblomov” had to be an extraordinary person. In Olga Ilyinskaya we will not find any secular coquetry, no lordly quirks, nothing mannered, deliberately done for success in life. This girl is distinguished by her beauty, as well as her natural freedom of action, word and look.

Both main characters, created by Goncharov, fail in their love relationships with this woman, each in their own way. And this reveals the inconsistency of the author’s illusions in assessing both. Oblomov’s “honest and true” “golden” heart suddenly comes into question along with his decency. Let us note that this hero, who has a “heart as deep as a well,” shamefully dissembles in front of the girl, citing the fact that he “warned her” about his character. Olga understands that Ilya Ilyich “died a long time ago.”

The consistent characterization of Oblomov and Stolz reveals more and more interesting details. Andrei Ivanovich appears again in the novel. He reappears in the work in order to take the place that Oblomov previously occupied. The characterization of the hero Stolz in his relationship with Olga reveals some important features in his image. Goncharov, showing his Parisian life with Ilyinskaya, wants to show the reader the breadth of views of his hero. In fact, he reduces it, since being interested in everything means not being interested in anything systematically, deeply, or seriously. This means learning everything from other people’s words, taking it from someone else’s hands. Stolz could hardly keep up with Olga in her languid haste of will and thought. Contrary to the will of the author, the story of the life together of these two heroes, which was supposed to be praise for Stolz, ultimately turned out to be a means of exposing him. Stolz at the end of the novel seems to be only a self-confident reasoner. The reader no longer believes this hero, who could not save his friend or give his beloved woman happiness. Only the author's tendentiousness saves Stolz from complete collapse. After all, Goncharov (“Oblomov”) was on his side. The characterization of Oblomov, created by the writer, as well as the author’s voice in the novel, allow us to judge this.

The weakness of both heroes and the classes they represent

In addition to his own desire, Goncharov was able to show that not only the Russian nobility is degenerating. It’s not only Oblomov who is weak. The characterization of Stolz's hero is also not without this feature. Respectable entrepreneurs cannot historically become successors to the nobility, since they are weak, limited and unable to take responsibility for solving fundamental issues in the life of the country.

The meaning of the image of Olga Ilyinskaya in Russian literature

So, a comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz shows that neither one nor the other can, each in their own way, evoke sympathy. But the heroine of the work, Olga Ilyinskaya, will become the prototype of an enlightened Russian woman. This prototype will later be found in the works of many classics of the 19th century.

Often a comparison of Ilya Ilyich and Andrei Ivanovich is presented as a table. The characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz, presented visually, help to better remember the information. Therefore, a comparative table in literature lessons as a type of work is often used at school. When a deep analysis is required, it is better to abandon it. And this is precisely the task that faced us when creating this article.

Annex 1

Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz

Annex 1

Oblomov

Volkov

Sudbinsky

Penkin

Stolz

Olga

Irrelevant connections

Significant connections

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Appendix 2

Worksheet #1

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Lesson-research summary

"Oblomov and Stolz (based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")"

(2 hours)

Goals:

1. Educational:check and evaluate homework completion; analyze the image of Oblomov; analyze the image of Stolz; select criteria for comparing characters; draw conclusions and formulate them in a short written work.

2. Developmental: develop skills in working with literary text; develop the skill of analyzing a character in a work of fiction; improve the skills of pair and independent work; improve students' logical and creative thinking; create a psychologically comfortable environment in the classroom.

3. Educational:continue to instill a sense of respect for Russian literature of the 19th century; to cultivate a caring attitude towards the creative heritage of Russian literature; develop the ability to listen and hear each other.

Form of work: lesson-research, conversation, analysis of literary text.

Teaching methods:heuristic, explanatory and illustrative.

Lesson type: combined.

Literary concepts:main character, character, portrait, speech, interior, comparative characteristics.

Interdisciplinary connections:history, music.

Equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, illustrations for the novel "Oblomov", projector, screen, handouts, presentation in MS.ppt format.

During the classes:

1. Greeting. Goal setting.

Teacher's word: Our lesson today will be dedicated to two characters from the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" is Ilya Ilyich himself and his childhood friend Andrei Stolts. Let's think together and decide what we will explore during today's lesson. After all, it is stated as a lesson-research.

Student answers:We must analyze the images of Oblomov and Stolz, select criteria for comparing them, and draw a conclusion.

Teacher's word: Well done! In addition, at the end of our lesson, we will write down the resulting conclusions and try to supplement them ourselves as part of a little independent work.

2. Motivation.

Teacher's word: One of the components of the characteristics of a literary hero is his relationship with other characters, which helps in many ways to understand this hero. We have already studied in previous lessons the characterization of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, briefly touching on the image of another character - Andrei Stolts. To continue working on compiling a characterization of Oblomov, you and I must correlate the names of the characters in the novel with the philosophical concepts of “interconnection”, “essential connections”, “non-essential connections”. ( Annex 1. ) To do this, let’s first remember what these concepts mean.

Student answers:Interrelation is the mutual connection of objects, phenomena, etc. with each other, their dependence on each other.

Essential connections are those connections that are the most significant in the relationship between someone or something.

Non-essential connections are those connections that do not play any role in revealing the character's character.

Teacher's word: Next you will need to determine what connections between the characters in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", will be significant and which will not. We draw a diagram in our notebooks. The work is in pairs. When answering, you will need to justify your opinion.

(Students work with the diagram, as a result they come to the conclusion that among the characters presented, only Olga and Andrei have a significant connection with Oblomov, since it was Ilyinskaya and Stolz who could change Oblomov’s lifestyle.)

Teacher's word: Do you think Oblomov himself is ready to change his life? Prove it with text.

Student response: Yes, since the text contains a quote: “Give me your will and mind and lead me wherever you want. Maybe I’ll follow you...”

Teacher's word: In the lesson we must analyze the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz. Let's formulate the problematic questions of the lesson.

Student answers : 1) Why didn’t Andrei Stolts manage to change Ilya Oblomov’s lifestyle?

2) Andrei Stolts - the antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?

If students formulate only the first (problem) question, the teacher helps with the formulation of the second question: this research question is more specific and helps answer the problem question of the lesson. Students write down the topic and questions of the lesson in their notebooks.

3. Studying new material. Study. Work in groups.

Teacher's word: To answer the question “Is Andrei Stolts the antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?” we need to formulate the criteria by which we will compare or contrast the characters, and give the meaning of the words “antipode” and “double”. Let's start by defining the terms. (Implementation of homework.)

Students' words: Antipode – (Greek antipodes - feet facing feet). 1. plural only Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographical). 2. to someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him or he is the perfect antipode of him.

A double is a person who has complete similarities with another (both a man and a woman).

Teacher's word: OK, thank you. Now let's turn to the criteria by which the writer characterizes Stolz and Oblomov, which you were able to identify while reading the text.

Student answers:Appearance (when they appeared before the reader), origin, upbringing, education, laid down program, outlook on life, characteristics of the author, test of love.

Teacher's word: It is by these criteria that we will characterize and compare the characters. Plus, I propose adding one more criterion to the table - “Two faces of Oblomov.”

4. Work in groups (3 groups).

In accordance with these criteria for comparing heroes, students are given a research task:

1) each group choose 2 criteria for comparing heroes (if the guys cannot do this themselves, then the teacher distributes the tasks himself);

3) find material for comparison according to this criterion (write out quotes);

4) give an answer to the research question “Andrei Stolts – an antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?”;

5) formulate an answer to the problematic question of the lesson “Why didn’t Andrei Stolts manage to change Ilya Oblomov’s lifestyle?”;

6) create a worksheet.

5. Exchange of information.

After the research, the guys exchange information using worksheets (Appendix 2, Appendix 3.)

6. Summing up.

Teacher's word: We see that Andrei Stolts is Ilya Oblomov’s double by most criteria. This will also be the reason why Andrei could not change the life of Ilya Oblomov.

7. Reflection. Assessment.

8. Homework assignment.

A written answer to the question “Why did Olga choose Stolz over Oblomy?”

Plan

1. Childhood of the main characters

2. Fatherland and youth

3.Maturity

4.Conclusion

The childhood of the main characters

Oblomov and Stolz grew up almost together. The Oblomov family owned the nearby villages of Sosnovka and Vavilovka, which were most often combined under one name - Oblomovka. Five miles away from them was the village of Verkhlevo. The owner did not appear in it, leaving all management in the hands of Father Stolz. Little Ilya was the center of attention of the whole family. He was pampered and fed sweets. The child was allowed to go out only with the nanny, who was strictly punished not to leave him alone.

Ilya was naturally inquisitive, he wanted to run and frolic, but the nanny immediately stopped all his attempts. The child received complete freedom only after lunch, when all of Oblomovka fell into deep sleep. Ilya began to explore all available places, but did not dare to go beyond the yard. The child learned about the world around him mainly from his mother’s stories and his nanny’s tales. Fairytale life replaced real life.

Andrey grew up in Verkhlev. His father was German, his mother was Russian. The elder Stolz dreamed that his son would follow his path. His mother wanted to make him a master. From an early age, Andrei received practical knowledge from his father. Otherwise, he was completely free and spent his free time with the village children. The child had a violent and restless disposition: he fought and destroyed birds’ nests.

When Andrei disappeared for a whole week, Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz did not even worry. When his son finally returned, he only asked if he had made the required translation. Having received a negative answer, the father rudely pushed his son out of the house and said that he could only return with a translation and the role he had learned for his mother. Andrei was missing for another week, but he did everything.

Adolescence and youth

At the age of thirteen, Ilya was apprenticed to Ivan Bogdanovich. Parents did not see any benefit from science. They only heard that nowadays you need a diploma to obtain ranks. Since there were five miles between the villages, Ilya had to go to Stolz for a week. Under a variety of pretexts (holidays, heat, cold), these trips were postponed. Education was unsystematic and of little use. The nanny was replaced by Zakharka, who was obliged to fulfill the slightest desire of the youngster. This spoiled Ilya so much that he soon lost all ability for independent activity.

At the same age, Andrei was already a completely independent person. His father trusted him to go on errands to the city alone and paid him money for it. Moreover, Andrei soon became a tutor at his father’s boarding school and received a salary for this. After graduating from university, young Stolz came to Verkhlevo and lived there for only three months. His father sent him to St. Petersburg, where Oblomov was already located. Childhood friends met in St. Petersburg. At that time, their aspirations were similar. Both dreamed of a great career, travel and discovery.

Oblomov and Stolz often walked together, went out in public, met girls. But Oblomov’s natural laziness took its toll. He became disgusted with the service, and two years later he resigned. Ilya Ilyich increasingly isolated himself in his apartment and ended relationships with acquaintances. Stolz could not help his friend, since on business he constantly traveled not only throughout Russia, but also abroad.

Maturity

When the friends turned thirty years old, it became clear that their characters and lifestyles had formed and were the complete opposite. Ilya Ilyich turned his apartment in St. Petersburg into a small piece of Oblomovka. He spends most of his time in bed. Oblomov's sleep is interrupted only during meals. He is still served by Zakhar, who was taken from the village. The apartment is in terrible disarray. Ilya Ilyich is not able to complete a single task. In his imagination he can develop various plans, but they never receive practical implementation.

By this time, Stolz had traveled the length and breadth of Russia and Europe. He also quit the service, but not out of laziness, but in order to start his own commercial affairs. Andrey is always on the move. Having set a goal for himself, he persistently strives to achieve it. Stolz is considered a cold and insensitive person. This is not entirely true. It’s just that Andrei is too rational, he doesn’t have time to show feelings.

Conclusion

Stolz and Oblomov are radically different in character and lifestyle. This happened due to different upbringings. Representing the complete opposite, Andrei and Ilya remain the most faithful friends, sincerely loving and respecting each other.

Oblomov Ilya Ilyich is the main character of the novel “Oblomov”. Landowner, nobleman living in St. Petersburg. Leads a lazy lifestyle. He doesn’t do anything, he just dreams and “decays” lying on the sofa. A bright representative of Oblomovism.

Stolts Andrei Ivanovich is Oblomov’s childhood friend. Half German, practical and active. Antipode of I. I. Oblomov.

Let's compare the heroes according to the following criteria:

Memories of childhood (including memories of parents).

I. I. Oblomov. From early childhood, everything was done for him: “The nanny is waiting for him to wake up. She puts on his stockings; he doesn’t give in, plays pranks, dangles his legs; the nanny catches him.” “.. She washes him, combs his head and takes him to his mother. Since childhood, he also bathed in parental affection and care: “The mother showered him with passionate kisses...” The nanny was everywhere, for days on end, like a shadow, following him, constant care did not end for a second: “... all the days and nights of the nanny were filled with turmoil, running around: sometimes trying, sometimes living joy for the child, sometimes fearing that he will fall and hurt his nose...”

Stolz. His childhood is spent in useful, but tedious study: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map... and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables...” The mother was constantly worried about her son: “... she would keep him near her.” But his father was completely indifferent and cold-blooded towards his son, often “putting his hand”: “... and pushed him from behind with his foot so that he knocked him off his feet.”

Attitude to study and work.

Oblomov. He went to school without much interest or desire, had difficulty sitting through his lessons, and mastering any book was a great success and joy for Oblomov. “Why all these notebooks... paper, time and ink? Why educational books? ... When should we live?” Instantly I became cold towards this or that type of activity, be it study, books, hobbies. The same attitude was towards work: “... you study, you read that a time of disaster has come, a person is unhappy; Now you gather your strength, you work, you fight, you endure and work terribly, everything is preparing for clear days.”

Stolz. He studied and worked since childhood - the main concern and task of his father. Stolz was fascinated by teaching and books throughout his life. Labor is the essence of human existence. “He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a house and money.”

Attitude to mental activity.

Oblomov. Despite the lack of love for study and work, Oblomov was far from a stupid person. Some thoughts and pictures were constantly spinning in his mind, he was constantly making plans, but for completely incomprehensible reasons, all this was put aside in the debt box. “As soon as he gets out of bed in the morning, after tea, he will immediately lie down on the sofa, rest his head on his hand and think, sparing no effort, until his head is finally tired...”

Stolz. Realist to the core. Skeptic in life and in thought. “He was afraid of every dream, or if he entered its area, he entered as one enters a grotto with an inscription..., knowing the hour or minute when you will leave there.”

Choosing life goals and ways to achieve them. (Including lifestyle.)

Oblomov. Life is monotonous, devoid of colors, every day is similar to the previous one. His problems and concerns are breathtakingly funny and absurd, and he solves them even funnier by turning from side to side. The author does his best to justify Oblomov, saying that he has many ideas and goals in his head, but none of them materialize.

Stolz. Skepticism and realism are evident in everything. “He walked firmly, cheerfully; I lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble.” “But he himself still walked stubbornly along his chosen path.”