The reign of Tsar Vasily Shuisky. The worst rulers in Russian history
The Troubles in Russia were gaining strength. A new king was imposed on the country - Vasily Shuisky, who passionately dreamed of the throne ever since the end of the Rurik dynasty. His unattractive appearance is visible especially in the story of Tsarevich Dmitry: in 1591, he certified that the prince stabbed himself to death; during the capture of Moscow by an impostor, he stated that Dmitry escaped; now he claimed that the boy was killed at the instigation of Godunov.
Three days after the murder of the impostor, the Moscow people gathered on Red Square to decide the fate of governing the country. Some advocated for the transfer of power to the Patriarch, others - to the Boyar Duma, but Shuisky’s people also actively worked in the crowd. It was they who shouted his name as the future king. And immediately Shuisky’s supporters took up this cry. Thus the fate of the royal crown was decided.
In 1606, Vasily Shuisky, like Godunov, became an elected Russian Tsar. Shuisky identified the Kazan Metropolitan Hermogenes, a passionate zealot of Orthodoxy, a hater of the impostor and Catholics, as the Patriarch of Rus'.
The Moscow boyars dreamed of a transition to a system of electing the supreme power by the aristocracy. This was confirmed by Vasily Shuisky’s kissing cross entry: I kiss the cross on the fact that I should not do anything bad to anyone without permission.
Thus, a powerful and contradictory movement of all layers of society determined Russia’s attempt to transition from autocracy and despotism to boyar collective rule.
Civil War
The rise to power of the boyar tsar further intensified the Troubles. False Dmitry's comrades did not want to give up what they had conquered. There was a rumor that the king had escaped and was taking refuge in a safe place.
The center of anti-boyar sentiments was the city of Putivl, where the governor was a friend of False Dmitry, Prince Shakhovskoy. Ryazan, Yelets and other cities came out in support of Putivl. And in Poland, the nobleman Molchanov appeared, one of the murderers of Fyodor Godunov and a close friend of the impostor, who began to pose as the escaped “Tsar Dmitry.”
In the summer of 1606, a powerful uprising swept all of Southern and Southwestern Russia. Essentially, a civil war began, in which the lower and middle strata of society (posad people and the nobility) opposed the upper classes. Putivl opposed Moscow.
Many counties in Russia have their own government bodies. The state government system began to fall apart. The Mari, Mordovians, Chuvash, and Tatars joined the rebel Russians, who did not accept pressure from the Orthodox clergy, the seizure of their ancestral lands by Russian patrimonial landowners, landowners and monasteries.
The rebels' march on Moscow. Ivan Bolotnikov.
By the autumn of 1606, a rebel army had formed near the city of Yelets. It was led by the nobles Istoma Pashkov, Prokopiy Lyapunov and Grigory Sunbulov.
Another army was formed in Putivl. This army was led by the experienced warrior Ivan Bolotnikov. Once he was a military servant of Prince Telyatevsky, then he fled south to the Cossacks, fought with the Crimean Tatars, was captured, from where he was sold to Turkey. For some time, Bolotnikov was a forced rower on galleys. During a naval battle he was freed by the Italians, and he ended up in Europe. He lived in Venice and headed home through Germany and Poland. In Poland, he learned about events in Russia and sided with the “true Tsar Dmitry,” although by that time the impostor was already dead. Molchanov, posing as the tsar who had escaped, gave him a letter to Putivl, and Prince Shakhovskoy appointed Bolotnikov as commander of the rebel detachment. Bolotnikov called himself the governor of Tsar Dmitry Ivanovich.
Bolotnikov's army moved towards Moscow, winning a number of brilliant victories over the tsarist troops along the way.
In October 1606, Bolotnikov united with noble detachments from near Yelets. The united army settled in the village of Kolomenskoye. There was no agreement between the people's leader Ivan Bolotnikov and the leaders of the noble detachments. The boyars and princes sought to regain the estates and privileges received from the impostor. The nobles craved new estates and increased salaries. Peasants and serfs dreamed of freedom. The townspeople expected relief from duties and taxes.
During the journey to Moscow, the Cossack-peasant-servant army destroyed the boyars and nobles loyal to Shuisky, seized their property, and freed people from serfdom and servile bondage. The noble leaders, as a rule, pardoned the captured royal governors and warily watched the reprisals that Bolotnikov’s people inflicted on the feudal lords. Pashkov and Lyapunov did not want to obey the “servant” Bolotnikov and kept their units apart.
The common people of the capital were ready to support Bolotnikov, and the rich townspeople, fearing reprisals, demanded to show them the “tsar”. He was not in the rebel camp, which weakened their position.
The outcome of the case was decided by the betrayal of the nobles, who entered into secret negotiations with Shuisky. During the battle for Moscow, Ryazan nobles led by Lyapunov and Pashkov’s troops went over to Shuisky’s side. The tsarist troops pushed back the rebels. Bolotnikov was under siege for three days, then retreated to Kaluga. Part of his army fled to Tula.
Defeat of the popular uprising
New forces approached the rebels from all sides. In Tula, with a detachment of several thousand Cossacks, serfs and peasants, another impostor appeared, calling himself the son of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich Peter.
False Peter joined forces with Bolotnikov, and together they won a number of victories near Tula and Kaluga. In May 1607, the rebel army inflicted another defeat on Shuisky's army near Tula. The rebels were commanded by Prince Telyatevsky, an associate of False Dmitry and Bolotnikov’s former master. The prince did not want to join forces with his former servant. The winners returned separately to Tula. There the rebels were surrounded by Shuisky’s huge army. The king himself led the siege. He issued a number of decrees. He granted freedom to the slaves who left the rebel camp, and also forbade turning free people into slaves without their consent. The period for searching for fugitive peasants was extended from 5 to 15 years, which was to the benefit of the nobles.
The rebels defended the stone Kremlin of Tula for four months. The royal governors blocked the Upa River with a dam, its waters flooded the city's food supplies and gunpowder. Famine began in Tula. The rebels began to grumble, their leaders went to negotiate with Shuisky. For the surrender of the city, the tsar promised life to the leaders and freedom to the ordinary soldiers. The city gates opened. Bolotnikov, as befitted a governor, laid his saber at the king’s feet.
Bolotnikov and False Peter were captured. The impostor was hanged, and Bolotnikov was exiled to the north. Six months later he was blinded and then drowned in an ice hole. Thus, Shuisky broke his promise.
The rebels' struggle with the government continued. And yet, after the defeat of Bolotnikov, it became obvious that at this stage in Russian history, the nobility, together with the nobility, won. The boyar government remained in power, which during the Time of Troubles freed itself from autocratic despotism, but at the same time suppressed the uprising of the lower classes.
This victory came at a high price for Russia. The country was falling apart, and neighbors began to interfere in its affairs. The nobility, which supported Shuisky in the fight against Bolotnikov, dreamed of crushing the power of the princely-boyar aristocracy.
The traditional characterization of Vasily Shuisky as a “cunning boyar” is gradually becoming a thing of the past. The years of his reign coincided with one of the most dramatic episodes in the history of Russia - the Time of Troubles. The shocks of the state were reflected in the personal tragedy of the last of the Rurikovichs.
Portrait
In the eyes of historians and playwrights, Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky often appears as a figure devoid of attractiveness. “More cunning than smart, utterly deceitful and intrigued,” is how the historian Vasily Klyuchevsky sees the tsar.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, although he pays tribute to Shuisky’s courage and strength of character, admits that the courtier retains his best qualities not during his lifetime, but during his fall. Nikolai Karamzin echoes the poet: “he fell with greatness in the ruins of the State.”
Contemporaries also did not favor Vasily Shuisky with good epithets, calling the boyar either Shubnik or Shubin, hinting at the support he provided to the merchants and townspeople when they came into power.
Prince Ivan Katyrev-Rostovsky finds attractive features in Shuisky, noting that he “is pleased with book teaching and is very knowledgeable in the reasoning of the mind.” In his description of the young Shuisky, the English ambassador Giles Fletcher called him the most intelligent among other representatives of the family.
Shuisky’s resourcefulness and irrepressible thirst for power is rather a cliche that has become established in the historiography of the “Romanov era”. It was the caricature portrait of the last Tsar Rurikovich that best contrasted with the beginning of a new dynastic era. The image of the real Shuisky is much more complex and at the same time tragic - in tune with the turbulent times in which the king ruled.
Genus
In terms of nobility, the Shuisky family, whose patrimony was the Suzdal lands, was always inferior to the ancestors of Ivan Kalita, who established themselves in the Moscow reign. Nevertheless, in Austria and Poland it was the Shuiskys who were called “princes of the blood.” And for good reason. After all, the Shuiskys had the primary right to the Moscow table: their family, according to one version, originated from the third son of Alexander Nevsky, Andrei, while the Moscow princes descended from the fourth son, Daniel.
According to another version, the Shuisky family tree goes back to the younger brother of Alexander Nevsky, Andrei Yaroslavich, which also gave them the formal right to supremacy among the Rurikovichs. In 1249, it was Andrei, and not Alexander, who received the label for the great reign of Vladimir.
The immediate founder of the Shuisky family was Yuri Vasilyevich, who inherited part of the Suzdal principality - the town of Shuya with its surroundings. Since then, two branches of the Rurikovichs - the Shuiskys and the Danilovichs - have been waging a hidden war for leadership. The Shuiskys, of course, received the richest feedings and awards, but this was not enough for them.
During the time of the young Ivan IV, boyar Andrei Shuisky, the grandfather of Vasily Shuisky, managed to actually find himself at the pinnacle of power for a while, the temptations of which he could not withstand. For which he paid, becoming the first victim of Grozny.
Between disgrace and mercy
Vasily Shuisky also had to go through the costs of inter-clan rivalry. Not only with the Danilovichs, but also with other boyar families - the Belskys, Mstislavskys, Godunovs and Romanovs. Under Fyodor Ioanovich, Shuisky headed the Moscow Court Order, which added to his influence among the serving nobility. The Godunovs and Romanovs did everything to ensure that Shuisky lost such an important post. In the spring of 1585, the unwanted boyar was sent to the voivodeship in Smolensk.
The Smolensk exile turned out to be only a preamble to the Shuisky-Godunov confrontation. In 1586, the Shuiskys, accused of having relations with Lithuania, were persecuted. Vasily is exiled to Galich, and his older brother Andrei, one of the most prominent representatives of the dynasty, dies under mysterious circumstances. This could not have happened without Boris Godunov, historians are sure.
However, the still influential Vasily Shuisky turned out to be beneficial to Godunov: the exile was suddenly canceled and the disgraced boyar returned to Moscow to investigate the death of Tsarevich Dimitri. But there was probably another reason - the confrontation between the Godunovs and the Romanovs, who were gaining political weight. Vasily Shuisky was seen by the Tsar's brother-in-law as an advantageous ally.
During the reign of Boris Godunov, Shuisky remained in the shadow of the monarch, was forced to moderate his ambitions and bide his time. He waited for him at a not very opportune time, when many Russian cities were gripped by famine and a series of popular unrest. But the main shock for the state was the arrival of False Dmitry I.
When False Dmitry took the Moscow throne, he did not forget about Shuisky, who convinced the people of the falsehood of the “legal heir.” It was Shuisky who at one time led the investigation into the death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich, and he did not know that the last son of John IV died. The boyar was sentenced to death, which was commuted to exile. Again, months of uncertainty, forgiveness and a sudden return to court. But now Shuisky knew that he could act: the position of the “natural king” had by that time noticeably weakened.
Reign
As historian Vyacheslav Kozlyakov notes, Shuisky knew how to say in time what was expected of him. Say and do. The boyar could only push the masses to overthrow the impostor. But he did not let the process take its course and showed prudence: he protected Marina Mniszech and the ambassadors of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the angry crowd in order to avoid conflict with a dangerous neighbor.
Then the main conspirator takes another important step - he makes a proposal to canonize Tsarevich Dmitry and transfer his remains from Uglich to Moscow. By doing this, he solves three problems: he compromises the already deceased Godunov, he tries to put an end to rumors about the allegedly saved prince, but most importantly, he prepares the ground for his accession to the throne. Metropolitan Filaret first had to participate in the reburial of the remains of the prince, and then, after his elevation to the rank of patriarch, crown Shuisky as king.
Already at the very beginning of his reign, Shuisky took an oath that was not typical for previous monarchs. The “cross-kissing record” of the newly-crowned king clearly establishes the protection of a representative of any class from arbitrariness, and guarantees a legal trial. The tsar also promised to put an end to denunciations: for perjury, the death penalty now threatened the informers themselves.
The “Decree on Voluntary Slaves,” which appeared on March 7, 1607, was dictated by hungry and troubled times. Thus, slaves who for some reason fell into bondage were given the right to leave their owner, getting rid of the townsman or peasant tax.
But the “Code”, which was published two days later, already forever assigned the peasants to their owners. The author of “Essays on the History of the Time of Troubles in the Moscow State,” S. F. Platonov noted that “Tsar Vasily wanted to strengthen in place and subject to registration and supervision the social stratum that was causing trouble and seeking change.”
The Tsar did not leave the Church unattended either. Many monasteries were given back their possessions and benefits that had been lost during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. But here, of course, one can see Shuisky’s desire to thank the “sacred rank” for supporting the current government.
End of the dynasty
Vasily Shuisky returned the Rurikovichs to the throne during one of the most crisis periods of Russian society. If Godunov accepted a generally stable and prosperous state, in which the beginnings of the great unrest were only ripening, then Shuisky inherited an inheritance that called into question the very concept of the “Russian state.” Famine, internal and external strife, and finally, the epidemic of imposture that swept Rus' at the dawn of the seventeenth century - in such conditions, few could maintain their common sense and political will.
Shuisky did everything he could. He tried to codify the law and consolidate the position of slaves and peasants. But his concessions in a difficult situation were akin to weakness.
The king looked into the past. His efforts to subjugate the Boyar Duma were doomed: everything had changed, and in the new conditions, not only it decided who to rule and who to overthrow. Attempts to reform the moribund system resulted in blows from popular uprisings and Polish-Lithuanian intervention.
Shuisky failed to cope with the historical challenge. His death far from his homeland symbolized the collapse of old Rus' - the state of the Rurikovichs. But what is noteworthy is that the revival of the Russian state came from the lands that served as the stronghold of Shuisky’s power - Ryazan and Nizhny Novgorod. It was here that the zemstvo movement began, which ultimately led to the liberation of Moscow from Sigismund III, who usurped the Russian throne.
The Romanovs who ascended the throne did not forget about the deposed tsar. In 1635, on the initiative of Mikhail Fedorovich, the remains of Vasily Shuisky were transported from Poland and reburied in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.
Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky (1552-1612) - Russian Tsar, belonging to (along the Suzdal line). He was crowned king as a result of a conspiracy against False Dmitry 1st. Vasily Shuisky is also called the “boyar prince”.
Family
From the biography of Vasily Shuisky it is known that he was married twice. He had no children from his first marriage. From his second marriage two daughters were born (both died in infancy). Since the tsar did not have an heir, the next contender for the throne was supposed to be his brother, Dmitry Shuisky.
Before accession
Since 1584, Vasily Shuisky was a boyar and the head of the Moscow Court Chamber, and took part as a governor in campaigns against the city of Serpukhov (1581, 1583, 1598). In 1586, Vasily Shuisky was sent into exile for a short time due to unknown circumstances.
In 1591, Shuisky, fearing Godunov, recognized the cause of death as suicide. At the same time he was returned to.
In 1905, Vasily Shuisky took part in the campaign against, but not particularly actively, because he did not want Godunov to win. Due to an attempt to carry out a coup, Vasily Shuisky was expelled along with his family, but already at the end of 1605 he was returned back by False Dmitry.
During (May 17, 1606) False Dmitry I died, supporters of Vasily Shuisky named him tsar. This was the beginning. On June 1, Shuisky receives the metropolitan's blessing for his reign.
Vasily Shuisky gave a record of the cross, which limited his power. In the summer of the same year, Shuisky’s board recognized Godunov as the murderer of Tsarevich Dmitry.
Governing body
The main events of the domestic and foreign policy of the reign of Vasily Shuisky:
- a new military regulations appeared;
- suppressed in October 1607, which became the second stage of the Time of Troubles;
- An agreement was concluded with Sweden, on the basis of which the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth launched military operations. False Dmitry 1st fled.
The alliance with Sweden turned out to be the beginning for Russia
Personality V.I. Shuisky
Vasily Shuisky born in $1552 in the family of a prince Ivan Shuisky. The Shuiskys were Rurikovichs of the Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod branch.
The rise of the prince began at the end of the reign of Ivan the Terrible. Vasily's brothers were also at court - Ivan Pugovka, Andrey, Dmitriy.
After the death of Ivan the Terrible, a weak-minded man became king Fedor Ivanovich. Among all the branches of the Rurikovichs, the Shuiskys were the oldest, therefore they had a greater chance of accession. But at that time he was already actively acting in his favor Boris Godunov. The Shuiskys were persecuted. Andrei Ivanovich and Ivan Petrovich were exiled, both were soon killed. At the time of the repressions, Vasily Ivanovich was already in exile, in Galich.
The prince died in $1591 Dmitriy. At the same time, Boris Godunov returned the Shuiskys to Moscow. But Vasily Shuisky was forbidden to marry and, accordingly, continue the Shuisky family. Godunov entrusted the investigation into the circumstances of the death of Tsarevich to a commission led by Vasily Shuisky. After "Uglich case" Shuisky was introduced to the Boyar Duma.
Vasily Shuisky and False Dmitry I
In $1603$ appeared False Dmitry I. Vasily Ivanovich explained to the people that the prince died and was buried in Uglich.
At the beginning of $1605, Vasily Ivanovich became the commander of the troops moved against False Dmitry I. The result of the victory in Battle of Dobrynichi in January 1605, $ was deliberately not secured: Vasily knew about the deterioration of the position of Tsar Boris.
In May $1605, Boris Godunov was poisoned. Vasily Shuisky became the main candidate for the throne among the boyars. However, False Dmitry’s positions were stronger, the people accepted him. Therefore, after the impostor arrived in Moscow, Shuisky was sentenced to execution, but at the last moment False Dmitry replaced it with exile, and soon returned the prince to the court.
The fall of False Dmitry I and the accession of Vasily Shuisky
The impostor did not reign for long. His admiration for Europe and, in particular, Poland, caused great irritation in Moscow. At a wedding with Marina Mnishek in June 1606 there were many Poles, they behaved extremely cheekily.
$17$ May $1606$ Vasily Shuisky with armed men entered the Kremlin, and the people were already crushing the Poles throughout Moscow. The prince called for the impostor to be expelled, who was eventually killed by an angry crowd.
A couple of days later, Shuisky was elected king during the “shouting” of his name. He gave the sign of the cross, promising not to commit lawlessness; the text guaranteed, first of all, the interests of the boyars.
Board of Vasily Shuisky
Shuisky transferred the remains of Tsarevich Dmitry to Moscow. Then he replaced the patriarch elected by False Dmitry with Hermogenes.
Vasily Shuisky had enemies who, following the supporters of False Dmitry, began to spread rumors that he had escaped. Unrest began, the largest of which was the uprising Ivan Bolotnikova.
Following the Bolotnikov uprising, a False Dmitry II. He reached Tushino near Moscow and set up camp there. The troops of the “Tushino thief” plundered and ravaged the lands throughout most of European Russia. False Dmitry II was helped by the Poles, so Vasily Shuisky entered into an alliance with their enemy - Sweden. In response to this Sigismund III recalled troops from False Dmitry, as he personally declared war on Russia.
Soon the Tushino camp was set up by Vasily’s talented nephew Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky. After the siege was lifted from Moscow, they even offered to make him king instead of Vasily, but he refused.
Vasily Shuisky did not like such ideas, and soon after the feast Mikhail fell ill and died. Poisoning finally ruined the authority of Vasily Shuisky.
Note 1
In addition, from the Poles, led by the hetman, who approached Moscow Zolkiewski, there was no one to fight back. Under these conditions, Shuisky’s opponents, the nobles Lyapunovs raised Moscow to revolt. $17$ July $1610$ Vasily Shuisky had to step down from the throne. He was then forcibly tonsured a monk.
Power passed to "Seven Boyars". They could not repel the attack of the Poles, so they agreed to transfer the throne to the prince Vladislav.
Hetman Zholkiewski handed over Vasily Shuisky as a prisoner to King Sigismund. Vasily Shuisky was imprisoned Gostyn Castle, where he died in $1612.
Time of Troubles V Russian state reached its apogee during the reign Vasily Shuisky. Great king And Prince of All Rus' Vasily Shuisky came to power in 1606 after his death False Dmitry I. It is believed that it was he who organized the overthrow of the latter from the royal throne. Vasily Shuisky belonged to Rurik dynasty- Suzdal branch Rurikovich, which originated from Vsevolod's Big Nest, famous for his fertility.
It would seem that the arrival of Rurikovich to the throne was supposed to calm the popular unrest and restore order to the Rus'. But the revolutionary engine had already been started, and people had already stopped remembering the successive kings.
In 1606, an uprising broke out in the south of the Russian kingdom. Ivan Bolotnikova, under whose banners the lower boyars, ordinary people, peasants, some Don and Zaporozhye Cossacks, as well as Polish mercenaries (the king Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Sigismund III did everything to destabilize the situation in Rus').
In 1606, clashes began with the fact that the army of governor Trubetskoy was defeated in the battle of Kromy, at the same time, governor Vorotynsky lost the battle of Yelets, and the main army of Vasily Shuisky was defeated by the rebels of Ivan Bolotnikov near Kaluga.
At the beginning of October, the rebels also took Kolomna and besieged Moscow. This success of the uprising was partly facilitated by the addition of Ileika Muromets’ detachment to Bolotnikov’s army.
After this, luck turned away from the rebels, and they retreated from Moscow. At the end of 1606 - beginning of 1607, the rebels were besieged in Kaluga, and a little later they retreated and locked themselves in Tula.
The Tula Kremlin was taken only on October 10, 1607. Bolotnikov was drowned, and Ileiko Muromets was hanged.
Even before the suppression of Bolotnikov’s uprising, in August 1607, Vasily Shuisky developed a new headache. Rumors began to circulate among the people that False Dmitry (for many is still the son Ivan the Terrible) was not killed, but in fact the ashes of someone else were shot from the Tsar Cannon. On this basis, a new pseudo-heir appeared False Dmitry II.
False Dmitry II, also known as Tushino thief, planned to connect with Ivan Bolotnikov near Tula, but did not have time. In 1608, the second impostor defeated the army of Tsar Shuisky near Moscow, in Tushino, weakened by a long confrontation with the rebel Bolotnikov. He failed to take Moscow, but Shuisky also failed to defeat and drive away the army of the next Tsarevich Dmitry, located in the same Tushino, almost at the walls of Moscow.
Tsar Vasily in such a situation, he concluded an agreement with the Swedish king - assistance in the fight against False Dmitry in exchange for the Karelian lands.
From 1608 to 1610, the combined troops of Shuisky and the Swedes threw back the army of False Dmitry II to Kaluga, but they failed to completely suppress the resistance. It must be said that this pseudo-rule of False Dmitry lasted almost two years. All this time, the impostor continued to rule a significant part of Russian lands as the supreme ruler.
By the end of 1609 - beginning of 1610, after he managed to drive False Dmitry away from Moscow, Vasily Shuisky finally began to control most of Rus'. However, fate was merciless to him.
In September 1609, Sigismund III, king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, dissatisfied with the protracted uprising of False Dmitry II, whom he continued to patronize, invaded the Russian kingdom.
On June 24, 1610, Shuisky’s army was defeated by the Poles in the Smolensk principality near Klushin, despite its numerical superiority. This defeat was the last straw in the barrel of dissatisfaction with the tsar, and on July 17, 1610, another uprising began against Vasily Shuisky. This time - in Moscow itself - the boyars rebelled. Vasily IV was dethroned from the throne and forcibly tonsured as a monk, and later (as a prisoner) handed over to the Poles. In Polish captivity, on the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he died on September 12, 1612.
If after death Fyodor Ioannovich Since the Rurik dynasty was interrupted, it finally ended with Vasily Shuisky. Apart from a short reign Boris Godunov, his son, as well as False Dmitry I, the Rurikovichs ruled Russia for almost 750 years, which is two-thirds of the entire existence of Russia (as the Old Russian State, the Russian Kingdom, the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation combined).
Of course, the Rurikovichs were not completely exterminated. Their dynasty gave rise to many famous families (family): Zamyatin, Zamyatnin, Tatishchev, Pozharsky, Vatutin, Galitsky, Mozhaisky, Bulgakov, Mussorgsky, Odoevsky, Obolensky, Dolgorukov, Zlobin, Shchetinin, Vnukov, Mamonov, Chernigovsky, Beznosov, etc. . - only about two hundred.
