The grave in Islam: Muslim graves and funerary monuments. Muslim monuments at the grave: photos and videos

Muslim monuments for the grave: a photo or image of the deceased in combination with inscriptions in Arabic. It is natural for every person to want to bury the deceased according to their traditions. Our cemeteries are as multinational as our country. Only by looking at the monuments can one understand who exactly lies here: an Orthodox Christian or a Muslim. Each faith has its own attitude towards death. If Orthodoxy is characterized by some colorful funerals, then for Muslims this is simply unacceptable. Islam is a strict and special religion, but it is interesting for its unusualness and ancient foundations.

How Muslims bury and erect monuments

The peculiarity of Islam in relation to death itself. It is enough to look at what kind of Muslim monuments there are on a grave in the photo to understand this attitude. For Muslims, death cannot be unexpected or sudden. For them, death is a mandatory and inevitable phenomenon for ascension to the Paradise of Allah. Therefore, the photo of Muslim monuments - tombstones does not contain any decorations. The maximum they can afford is to make the top of the monument in the form of a minaret or a mosque dome.

According to tradition, a monument to a Muslim’s grave should be as discreet as possible, without photographs. Initially, Islam strictly forbade the depiction of faces, and even today Sharia law is unforgiving. This is especially strict among the Tatars, since this nation is considered the most zealous in fulfilling the canons of Islam. Photos of Tatar grave monuments show exclusively monolithic tombstones, mostly made of dark marble.

However, modern trends have made amendments and the mosque began to allow images of faces and even animals to be made at the request of relatives. The inscription on the monument remains obligatory. Usually this is an engraving of the word of the Prophet or excerpts from Muslim surahs in Arabic.

Where Muslims place the monument and which direction it should face is the most important point. The monument can only be installed in such a way that its front part faces only the east, towards Mecca itself. This is an unshakable tradition and the mosque is strict about this.

After installing the monument, do not forget about beautifying the graves - this will help preserve the work and money invested in the monument. Read about how to choose a marble monument.

Sharia does not allow beautiful Muslim monuments to be placed on a grave, if we talk about tradition. Faith teaches that beauty, crypts, and various tombstones bring discord among the dead believers and prevent them from enjoying the prosperity given to them by Allah. Therefore, it is prescribed that all monuments should be austere and restrained in decoration. The mosque allows Muslim women to engrave a bouquet of flowers according to the number of children, and for men a crescent moon.

How are funerals conducted among Muslims?

Muslims usually do not shed tears at their graves; the procession passes in mute silence unless accompanied by a mullah. It is not customary to express grief and regret. Only small children, women and the elderly are allowed to cry. The tears of young men are considered disgusting to Allah. Although in some countries the ritual takes place in gross violation of traditions:

relatives hire mourners;
invite special readers of the surahs of the Koran;
they openly mourn and shower the grave with flowers;
Spouses of different faiths are buried side by side.

All these actions are condemned by Sharia and are considered criminal against religion. Photos of Muslim monuments made of marble can be seen on various websites of companies providing funeral services, some of which deal only with Islamic topics. There you can

order a Muslim monument.

Is it possible to install a Muslim monument yourself?

Any monument can be installed independently. However, you need to know how to make a Muslim monument on your grave yourself so that it stands for a long time. Grave steles weigh up to 200 kg; alone or even in pairs, you cannot erect a monument. It will be necessary to involve several people, purchase a lot of cement for strengthening, and industrial glue. First, a frame is made so that the entire complex does not sag over time.

A cement base is created, the monument itself sits on a special pin, and is secured around the perimeter. In general, the work is too extensive and requires professionalism. Only professionals know all the secrets of sustainability, they know where to place a monument on a Muslim grave and how to secure it for many years.

Making Muslim monuments is a special work that requires knowledge of the Arabic language and national, as well as canonical features.

Erecting a worthy monument is the only thing that relatives can still do for a deceased friend or relative. It is not easy to choose among many offers. Now there are special workshops where only Muslims work. They create good monuments not only from dark marble and granite. In the photo of white Muslim monuments, masters can apply any engraving and any size image of the deceased to the grave.

Muslim gravestones made of marble or granite are usually ordered by fairly wealthy people, but those who cannot afford such luxury should not despair. In Muslim cemeteries you can often see monuments made of iron; they look like a cone with a crescent.

The company has a well-organized work with the client! I chose everything on the website, made an order, and discussed issues with the manager. I paid via the Internet. Installed on time and with high quality. So I recommend it, and thanks guys for your help.

Andrey 12/12/2018

Many thanks to Ekaterina and Sergei for the wonderful work on the monument to Vladimir Ilyich Soldatov..... From the first telephone conversation with Ekaterina it was clear that she is a professional who can be trusted.... Author's tombstones are not easy to implement as they are intended....
Sergei surprisingly sensitively transferred the drawing and design idea into the material...
The order was completed in a very short time, which we are also very grateful for...

Maria 11/12/2018

I would like to thank the company for its high-quality and efficient work. Thanks to the manager Olga, we immediately drew up the contract, made the necessary changes, and issued an invoice. Excellent work by the artists, the order was completed a week ahead of schedule. The installers arrived exactly on time and at the right address, and installed everything in a couple of hours. I was very pleased, everything was simple, clear, fast, without any complaints. Thank you!

Tatyana 10.29.2018

I would like to thank Postament LLC for the quality work done. The order was not easy, but the result was completely satisfactory. Special thanks to the manager Margarita and the installer Ivan.

Alexey 10/19/2018

Thank you! They did everything as promised, on time. The sketch was sent on time and as we wanted. The installers helped with the paperwork at the cemetery.

Vladimir 10/18/2018

I express my deep gratitude to the manager Ekaterina for helping with the choice of a monument, for her understanding, for her compassion. Special thanks to the artist for capturing the character traits of a person dear to me in the photograph. I also want to express my gratitude to the installer Albert for his work, for his high-quality approach to his work. Many thanks to everyone. Fast, high quality, cheap.

Anastasia 10/13/2018

Many thanks to all employees of the company! Especially the manager Olga and the master Igor. Let me start by saying that there were some doubts about ordering a monument via the Internet. But later they all dispersed. When placing an order, Olga gave very competent and professional advice on the size and type of monument. The day before the installation, the master himself contacted me and offered us a choice of a time convenient for us. Our grave was a little neglected and despite the pouring rain on the day of installation, Igor helped in completing all the documents, cleared the entire grave, carried out the installation clearly and very carefully, and gave advice on further caring for the monument. Igor, your work is above all praise! Once again, many thanks to everyone, and many thanks to the company’s managers for selecting such polite, competent, professional employees!!! Good luck, prosperity, success to your entire team. Considering that the prices in your company are an order of magnitude lower than in other similar ones, there were no additional costs, everything was clearly in accordance with the contract, excellent attitude towards the client, which unfortunately does not always happen, I advised many of my friends to use your services!

Elena 09/21/2018

Many thanks to your company and personally to the manager Olga and the foreman who installed the monument, Igor! I was a little worried when ordering online, because... ordering a monument is not buying a one-time item. But all my worries were in vain. Everything was done accurately, on time, Olga gave very professional advice, and Igor’s installation was beyond all praise: he called me in advance, offered me a choice of time for installation, cleared and leveled the entire grave in the pouring rain, removed excess bushes, and carried out the installation very accurately .
And most importantly, such high-quality performance costs much less than many other companies.
Thank you very much again!

Elena 09/17/2018

A year has passed since our beloved daddy passed away. The time has come to erect a monument. We did the math at the cemetery, the prices are steep. We found your company on the Internet, the cost differs significantly. We ordered a monument in the office on Kitai-Gorod from manager Nikolai. The service is excellent, everything is very professional; advice, recommendations, help in choosing. We were very pleased. While waiting, we decided to re-order the fence. There was no need to come to the office again; everything was resolved very quickly over the phone. The order was completed on time, all issues at the cemetery were resolved quickly, and we were satisfied with the installation. Thanks to Vyacheslav's team. The photo on the monument turned out very good, daddy looks like he’s alive. Fulfillment of obligations 100%. We will recommend to friends and acquaintances. Thank you very much!

Elena 09/04/2018

I called, 28 seconds later a girl answered who doesn’t know anything and can’t answer any question.
I dropped some phone number and sit and spend money on a landline phone without knowing what they will answer you and is this a company? Did you write the reviews for the campaign yourself?

Sergey 08/25/2018

I ordered a monument for my parents' grave. When ordering, the manager indicated a maximum period of 30 days, but it was done in 3 weeks. Quality 100%, delivery on time, master Volodya performed the installation VERY quickly and efficiently (1 hour) and was VERY HELPING in resolving issues at the cemetery. I RECOMMEND TO ALL!!! Thanks guys!

Alexey 08/22/2018

Good afternoon. This year I finally had the opportunity to erect a monument to my mother.
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It was very pleasant to deal with the manager Nikolai (office of the Kitay-Gorod metro station), he answers all questions very tactfully and patiently, he will suggest something useful, everything was completed quickly, thank you.
Sent by email. I emailed the project, I saw everything in advance. She expressed her wishes to the artist Nikolai - a great professional, good taste, he helped, suggested what was best, his proposal greatly improved the appearance of the monument. When I saw the monument “live”, I even shed tears, I recognized my own eyes, it is clear that the person works with his soul. I am very grateful to you, thank you.
They installed everything at the Bogorodskoye cemetery on time, without delays. There were no problems with the registration, everything was completed quickly. Installed by Konstantin and his colleague. Everything was also friendly, neat, and fast. Thank you very much for your professionalism, conscientious work and human attitude (a rarity these days). Now my soul is calm, I come to the cemetery to “see” my mother, and not just to the “mound”.
With respect to you.
Irina Vladimirovna.

Irina 08/16/2018

With all my heart I want to thank the employees Ekaterina, Nikolai and the pleasant young installers (unfortunately I don’t know their names), and everyone who took part in making the monument for my mother. Very nice and responsive people who know their business! All work was completed on time and perfectly. A monument, bench and landscaping were installed. Everything I wanted and even better! I will recommend your company to my friends. Thanks a lot!!!

Alexandra 08/14/2018

Today two monuments to my relatives were erected at the Kalitnikovskoye cemetery. Many thanks to the workers Alexey and Vladimir for their professionalism. Everything was done quickly and cleanly, including the dismantling of old monuments. Compliance price-quality 100 percent. Thanks to all the employees of the Pedestal company, in particular Nikolai, who accepted the order in the office for his sensitivity, humanity, and understanding. After all, this is not an easy job with people. Good health to you all

Muslim monuments for the grave are chosen very carefully. This is the only thing that relatives and friends of the deceased can do for him. When equipping a grave and designing a tombstone, Muslims are guided by Sharia laws, which clearly regulate funeral rites. The faithful prepare for death in advance, realizing its inevitability and making peace with it. They collect money and select things necessary for the burial ritual. It is believed that if a person takes care of his funeral in advance, he will be granted the highest grace.

Ancient burial traditions in Islam

At the dawn of the spread of Islam, performing ritual ceremonies during the burial of Muslims, visiting and honoring their graves were prohibited. Funeral traditions were characteristic of Arab culture during the times of paganism (jahiliya). Despite the ban, ancient pagan rituals penetrated Islam. They are intertwined with religious elements and have become an integral part of the culture of many Muslim communities.

As the position of Islam strengthened, fears about the revival of paganism and polytheism began to gradually dissipate. Therefore, the attitude towards funeral traditions has become less strict. The ban on visiting Muslim graves was lifted by the Prophet Muhammad himself. He believed that going to the cemetery would remind people of death and make them think about their lives. Although visiting graves was no longer frowned upon, veneration of the dead remained prohibited.

Muslim theologians of the early period condemned any manifestations of veneration of the dead. It was forbidden to make pilgrimages to the graves of respected Muslims, to erect mausoleums and mosques over their burial places, to worship them and ask for their protection. According to beliefs, large and richly decorated monuments cause discord among the dead, depriving them of well-deserved bliss. Therefore, all previously created buildings in cemeteries were destroyed.

The laws of Islam also strictly regulated the actions of the faithful in relation to their deceased relatives. They forbade Muslims from gathering near the burial site and performing sacrifices in cemeteries. Muslim authorities condemned the design of tombstones with materials that used fire (gypsum, cement). Fire is the most famous form of punishment in Hell. It can bring hellish torment on the deceased.

A memorial sign in the form of a stone or tombstone was allowed to be placed on the grave of a Muslim.

Islamic traditions prescribe not to leave inscriptions, images or patterns on a tombstone.

The surface of the grave mound or gravestone can be above ground level at a height of no higher than 4 fingers. This height is enough to reveal the grave. The covering of the grave must be perfectly smooth.

Place for a Muslim grave

The grave (kabr) is dug in the Muslim cemetery closest to the place of death. It is impossible to bury a Muslim among people of other faiths. If the wife of a believer belonged to a different faith, she is buried separately.

The burial place is selected taking into account that the face of the deceased is turned towards Qibla. Qibla is a symbol of monotheism and Islam. Directing the face of the deceased towards the Holy Mosque is a sign of his worship of Allah. The tradition of pointing the face of the deceased and the front part of the tombstone towards Mecca is strictly observed to this day.

The grave must be located in such a way that one can freely walk to it without stepping on or stepping over the graves of other people.

Islamic laws prohibit stepping not only on someone else's grave, but also on the place where a relative is buried.

Islam allows two dead people to be buried in one grave. Repeated burial is carried out when the corpse in the grave has completely decayed (after 50 years). Between the bodies you need to make a partition of earth or stone slabs. Unless absolutely necessary, deceased persons of the same sex or a woman and a man who are each other's mahrams are not buried in the same grave (marriage between them is prohibited).

How Muslim graves are built

The traditional Muslim grave contains a depression in which the body is placed (lyahd). The depth of the grave should be such that a person with his arms raised up can completely fit into it (about 225 cm). However, if it is not possible to dig such a hole, you can use a less deep one. The main thing is that its depth is sufficient to prevent animals from reaching the body.

The length of the grave should slightly exceed the height of the deceased.

The width of the pit is usually half its length (80–100 cm). The pit must be wide enough so that the people carrying out the burial can descend into it.

On the side that is closer to the Qibla, the lahd is placed. Its height is 55 cm and its width is 50 cm. Part of the lakhda is located in a niche outside the burial pit. The niche is 25 cm deep into the wall. The lyakhd is also 20 cm below the floor of the grave.

If the soil is loose, the wall of the lakhda is reinforced with a stone or wooden wall. It is also necessary to strengthen the ceiling in the niche. The corpse is covered with a thinner slab so that the earth does not cover the body. Stones or earth are placed under the head and back of the deceased so that his face is directed towards the Qiblah. In this case, the right cheek of the deceased should be pressed tightly to the ground.

Instead of a lyakhda, a shikka is built. Shikka is a recess at the bottom of a pit, reminiscent of a ditch. Stone or wooden walls are installed on its sides. The top of the shikku is covered with slabs and the grave is covered with earth.

The surface of the tombstone should not be below ground level. If the soil is loose, you need to pour more soil onto the grave. When it subsides, the hill above the grave will remain.

2 stones are placed on the grave - at the level of the head and feet.

The top of the tombstone is sprinkled with crushed stone, then water is sprinkled on it so that the pebbles are pressed tightly to the ground. This will make the surface of the grave even.

Modern funeral traditions in Islam

Although inscriptions on gravestones are prohibited in Islam, it is permissible to mark the grave with the name of the deceased so that his grave can be located. In the modern world, Muslim theologians are less strict about the prohibition of using images of people and photographs on tombstones.

According to Islamic beliefs, images of people and animals make believers forget about God and provoke madness. The faithful begin to worship not Allah, but the depicted people and animals. But recently, the mosque began to allow images of people to be made on tombstones and their photographs to be installed. At the insistence of relatives, even images of animals can be made.

Despite the relaxation of the rules of the funeral ritual, most Muslim monuments have a laconic appearance. The most common is a monolithic slab, the top of which is made in the shape of a mosque or minaret dome. In addition to the name and date of death of the deceased, the words of the prophet or excerpts from Muslim surahs in Arabic script are engraved on the stone.

The monument to the deceased woman depicts modest floral ornaments, as well as thematic compositions characterizing the type of activity of the deceased.

On women's tombstones, a design in the form of a hat or scarf is carved. They often depict a bouquet containing as many flowers as the number of children the woman gave birth to and raised.

Tombstones of deceased men have images of minarets, mosques or thematic pictures related to the occupation of the deceased. The upper part of the tombstone on a man’s grave can be made in the form of a man’s headdress - a turban. It indicates the high social position of the deceased. A sign of wealth is the decoration on the plate in the form of a fez.

Tombstones often depict religious symbols and amulets, symbolizing the deceased's commitment to Islam. The symbols of Islam - a crescent and a star - are installed on funeral slabs. In this case, the rays of the crescent are directed from right to left. Oriental-style geometric patterns and frames are often used when decorating funeral slabs.

It is not typical for the Muslim tradition to write words of love and sorrow on monuments. When a Muslim dies, he returns to Allah. Therefore, expressing regret over death is frowned upon in Islam. It is regarded as dissatisfaction with the will of Allah.

Making a tombstone

The finished monument will be made to order by employees of companies that provide various funeral services. Wealthy Muslims order monuments made of granite and marble. Preference is given to black slabs. In Islam, black has a special status as it is the color of the Sacred Stone of the Kaaba. Prophet Muhammad wore black clothes. This is exactly the robe he wore on the day of the conquest of Mecca. Black is the color of the Abbasid caliphs. It symbolizes strength, greatness and power. Muslims try to make the tombstone resemble the monolithic stone of the Holy Kaaba, which serves as a reminder of the eternity of the afterlife.

Inscriptions on stone are made manually, using a laser or on a milling machine.

Hand engraving is the most labor-intensive and expensive. Its undoubted advantage is durability. It will be possible to read what is written on a tombstone using the manual method of applying phrases even after several thousand years. Laser engraving allows you to quickly and easily create complex images with fine detail. It takes a little longer to cut out the inscription and image on a milling machine than with a laser. However, what is written after milling engraving lasts much longer than with laser processing.

A cheaper option for a Muslim tomb structure is a metal cone with a crescent moon on top. A plaque is placed on it indicating the name and date of death of the deceased.

Installation of a tombstone

The company that makes the gravestones usually installs them. Installation work is included in the cost of manufacturing services. However, you can install the headstone yourself.

To carry out construction work, you must obtain permission from the cemetery management. The most suitable period for installing a gravestone is the warm season from April to October. However, in some cases it is necessary to carry out work in winter. In this case, you need to contact specialists who have experience installing monuments in the cold season.

To ensure that the tombstone stands for a long time and does not fall or tilt, a cement base is created on the grave. At least 1 year must pass after the funeral. During this time, the earth will subside and become stable.

The larger the stone, the more material will be required to create a massive frame.

Grave monuments, even of very modest size, are very heavy. The weight of an average-sized tombstone ranges from 120–200 kg. Therefore, the installation of a gravestone requires the work of several people.

The burial site is cleared, a depression is made and a concrete cushion is formed in it. You can use cement, crushed stone and sand. If the structure is large, the cushion is reinforced with reinforcement. When making a cement or concrete base, vertical pins are placed in it. Later, a monument is fixed on them.

When installing a memorial tombstone, be sure to use a building level.

Muslim mazars

The grave of a Muslim saint (avliya) is called a mazar. The culture of worshiping the graves of saints and revered people began to develop in Islam in the 10th century thanks to Sufism. Sufism is an esoteric movement in Islam. It preaches asceticism and spirituality. The path to spiritual perfection of a Sufi lies through complete submission to the teacher and implementation of all his instructions.

Sufis believe that prayers transmitted through spiritual guides-intermediaries have greater power than those addressed directly to Allah. Trying to show maximum honor to their deceased mentors, their followers build mausoleums (mazars) on their graves. The tradition of building religious buildings at burial sites appeared in Islam due to the influence of Tengrism - the ancient pagan culture of the Turks. The modern symbol of Islam - a crescent with a star - also has pagan origins.

The traditional Muslim mazar is a room with a quadrangular base. It is crowned with a spherical dome. The building can be very large, consisting of several rooms. It is surrounded by a fence. Next to the mazar there is a vertically installed pole (tug). At the top of the tug there may be a figure of an open palm, a bud, or a crossbar with a triangular piece of material attached to it. Since especially revered mazars are located far from populated areas, thugs are used as a landmark. They help travelers find the mazar. Mausoleums serve as mosques.

Travelers can stop and pray at the mazar.

If previously mazars were installed only on the grave of avliya, currently mausoleums are installed on the graves of deceased relatives. Wealthy people order massive structures reminiscent of mosques or palaces. Expensive materials (marble, granite) are used to build tombs. Mazars are decorated with domes, bas-reliefs, crescents, arches, columns, elaborate finials, parapets and mazar slabs.

Although the Koran prohibits spending money on the construction of expensive and massive religious buildings, the faithful try to demonstrate their wealth by showing respect to their deceased relatives.

Muslim sarcophagi

To honor the memory of deceased relatives, richly decorated sarcophagi are placed at Muslim graves. Such a building looks dignified and rich. The installation of a sarcophagus is not condemned by Islamic authorities.

The upper part of the Muslim sarcophagus is given a pointed shape, traditional for Muslim culture. The structure is covered with tiles with elegant and complex patterns. The colors characteristic of Islam are used. The color green is especially revered among the faithful. He identifies the green banner of the prophet. Blue and purple are considered shadow colors. They symbolize mystical contemplation and communion with the divine essence. To decorate sarcophagi, white is used - the favorite color of the prophet.

It is a symbol of holiness and dignity.

When choosing the colors of the facing material, you should give preference to patterns with clean, light and shining shades. Faded and cloudy colors are associated with misfortune and poverty. Brown and gray shades are not used when decorating Muslim tombstones.

Muslim funeral traditions are very different from the funeral rituals familiar to Europeans. These differences lie not only in the rituals prescribed by the religion, but also in individual nuances, such as funeral attire (shroud) and the ablution procedure. Oddly enough, a Muslim grave is also unlike a European one: there are differences not only in the tombstones, but even in the shape of the grave itself.

Usually Muslims are buried in separate sections of city-wide cemeteries, or in special Muslim cemeteries. The Koran prohibits burying Muslims together with people of other faiths, although exceptions may be made when burying the wife of a deceased Muslim. Muslim cemeteries are traditionally surrounded by fencing to protect the graves from animals.

According to tradition, a grave in Islam is dug at least 1.5 meters deep, and preferably deeper - up to two meters. The length and width must be such that not only the deceased can sit in it, but also the person who will lay him down. A side niche (lyakhd) is constructed at the bottom of the grave, where the body of the deceased is placed. The deceased is placed on his right side, facing towards Mecca, after which the lakhd is covered with unbaked brick. Sometimes lakhd can be laid with burnt bricks or boards, but the use of such materials is not approved, since they often serve as decorative ones. It is important to make supports in the niche itself to avoid soil collapse.

There are various nuances in the design of a Muslim grave. For example, in the case of loose and friable soil, lakhd need not be made; instead, a depression in the center of the grave or burial with a coffin is used (in this case, the bottom of the coffin is sprinkled with earth). It is customary to fill the grave with the same earth that was dug out of it, and the elevation should be small - no more than 17 cm. There is also a tradition of making an elevation in the shape of a crescent to distinguish Muslim graves from Christian ones.

Muslim tombstones

Muslim grave monuments also differ from those accepted in European cultures. A visitor to a Muslim cemetery cannot help but notice that all the tombstones face Mecca. This is done not only in accordance with the rules of Sharia, but also so that those who come to the cemeteries know the direction for prayer.

Islam encourages modesty and restraint among the faithful, and therefore Muslim grave monuments are almost never flashy or pompous. Although most Muslim graves now have headstones, for many centuries they were considered unnecessary. As a rule, the name of the deceased and his years of life are written on the tombstone. On Muslim monuments, a photo or portrait of the deceased is usually not placed on the grave, since the Koran prohibits images of people. Acceptable decorations are a crescent or a modest ornament, as well as text in the form of verses - lines from the Koran. Specialized companies in Moscow offer to install Muslim monuments on the grave; Prices vary depending on the material and design chosen. Granite and dark marble are used, while less affluent Muslims often place an iron cone with a crescent or limit themselves to a small memorial plaque.

Muslim monuments on the grave. About the image of the deceased in combination with inscriptions in Arabic.

It is natural for every person to want to bury the deceased according to their traditions. Our cemeteries are as multinational as our country. Only by looking at the monuments can one understand who exactly lies here: an Orthodox Christian or a Muslim. Each faith has its own attitude towards death. If Orthodoxy is characterized by some colorful funerals, then for Muslims this is simply unacceptable. Islam is a strict and special religion, but it is interesting for its unusualness and ancient foundations.

Our cemeteries are as multinational as our country.

How do Muslims erect monuments?

But according to other sources:

It is important to note that in order to mark a grave, it is not prohibited to write the name (of the deceased) on it. However, opinions on cutting out Quranic verses vary, ranging from makruh (undesirable) to haram (forbidden). Therefore, it is better not to carve (on the grave) verses of the Quran as a sign of respect for the Word of Allah.
It is permissible to mark graves with stones or sticks, as stated in the hadith narrated by Ibn Majah. In this hadith, Anas reported the following words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “I was able to recognize the grave of Ibn Mazun by the stone that marked it.”
Further, it is reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade covering graves with plaster, sitting on them or building anything over them.
In another version, he also forbade stepping on graves. In the version of An-Nisai, the Prophet forbade building anything over the graves, attaching anything to them, covering them with plaster and writing on them.
This indicates that it is forbidden to make any inscriptions on the graves. According to the opinions of Imams Ahmad and Al-Shafi'i, the Prophet's injunction not to write anything on graves should be understood to mean that such inscriptions are makruh (undesirable), no matter what is written there - the verses of the Koran or the name of the buried person. However, the scholars of the Shafi'i school add that if it is the grave of a famous scholar or righteous person, then even writing his name on it or marking it will be a meritorious deed.
Imam Malik believed that writing verses of the Qur'an on graves is haram, and writing the name and date of death is makrooh.
Scholars of the Hanafi school believed that writing something on a grave can only be done to indicate its location, and any other inscriptions on it are generally undesirable.
And Ibn Hazm even considered that writing the name of the deceased on a stone is not makrooh.
According to the above-mentioned hadith, writing verses of the Quran on graves is prohibited (haram), especially considering that these graves are level with the ground and people can step on them.

Prayers.

Dua for the deceased
Translation of the meaning: O Allah, Your servant and the son of Your servant needed Your mercy, and You do not need his torment! If he did good deeds, then add them to him, and if he did bad, then do not punish him!
Translit:
Allahumma, "abdu-kya wa-bnu ama-ti-kya ichtaja ila rahmati-kya, wa Anta ganiyun "an "azabi-hi! In kyana muhsiyan, fa zid fi hasanati-hi, wa in kyana mu-si"an, fa tajawaz "an-hu!

Dua for the deceased
Translation of the meaning: O Allah, forgive him, and have mercy on him, and deliver him (from the torment and temptations of the grave.), and show him mercy, and give him a good welcome (that is, make his lot in Paradise good), and make a grave his spacious, and wash him with water, snow and hail, and cleanse him from sins, as You cleanse white clothes from dirt, and give him in return a house better than his house, and a family better than his family, and a wife better than his wife, and bring him into paradise and protect it from the torment of the grave and from the torment of fire!
Translit:
Allahumma-gfir la-hu (la-ha), va-rham-hu (ha), wa "afi-hi (ha), wa-"fu "an-hu (ha), wa akrim nuzulya-hu (ha) , wa wassi "mudkhalya-hu (ha), wa-gsil-hu (ha) bi-l-ma" and, wa-s-salji wa-l-baradi, wa nakky-hi (ha) min al- hataya kya-ma nakkayta- s-sauba-l-abyada min ad-danasi, wa ab-dil-hu(ha) daran hairan min dari-hi(ha), wa ahlyan hairan min akhlihi(ha), wa zaud-jan hairan min zauji-hi(ha), wa adhyl-hu(ha)-l-jannata wa a"yz-hu(ha) min"azabi-l-kabri wa "azabi-n-nari! (Feminine endings are given in parentheses when praying for a deceased woman)