Bazarova. Essay on literature

What is the essence of Bazarov’s nihilism

What is the essence of Bazarov's nihilism? The novel "Fathers and Sons" is directed against the nobility. This is not the only work of Turgenev written in this spirit (just remember “Notes of a Hunter”), but it especially stands out because in it the writer denounced not individual nobles, but the entire class of landowners, proved his inability to lead Russia forward, and completed it ideological defeat.

Why exactly in the early 60s of the 19th century did this work appear? The defeat in the Crimean War and the predatory reform of 1861 confirmed the decline of the nobility and its inability to govern Russia. In "Fathers and Sons" it is shown that the old, degenerating morality is giving way, albeit with difficulty, to a new, revolutionary, progressive one. The bearer of this new morality is the main character of the novel, Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov. This young man from the commoners, seeing the decline of the ruling classes and the state, takes the path of nihilism, that is, denial.

What does Bazarov deny? “Everything,” he says, and everything is what relates to the minimum needs of man and to the knowledge of nature through personal experience, through experiments. Bazarov looks at things from the point of view of their practical benefits. His motto: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.”

Eugene does not recognize authorities, conventions, love, religion, autocracy. But he does not seek followers and does not fight against what he denies. This, in my opinion, is a very important feature of Bazarov’s nihilism. This nihilism is directed inward; Eugene does not care whether he is understood and recognized or not. Bazarov does not hide his convictions, but he is not a preacher either.

One of the features of nihilism in general is the denial of spiritual and material values.

Bazarov is very unpretentious. He cares little about the fashionability of his clothes, the beauty of his face and body, he does not strive to get money by any means. What he has is enough for him. Society's opinion about his financial condition does not bother him. Bazarov's disdain for material values ​​elevates him in my eyes. This trait is a sign of strong and smart people. Evgeniy Vasilyevich’s denial of spiritual values ​​is disappointing. Calling spirituality “romanticism” and “nonsense,” he despises the people who bear it.

“A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than a great poet,” says Bazarov. He mocks Arkady's father, who plays the cello and reads Pushkin, Arkady himself, who loves nature, and Pavel Petrovich, who threw his life at the feet of his beloved woman.

It seems to me that Bazarov denies music, poetry, love, beauty out of inertia, without really understanding these things. He reveals complete ignorance of literature (“Nature evokes the silence of sleep,” said Pushkin, and so on) and inexperience in love. Love for Odintsova, most likely the first in his life, did not in any way agree with Evgeniy’s ideas, which infuriated him. But, despite what happened to him, Bazarov did not change his previous views on love and took up arms against it even more. This is a confirmation of Eugene’s stubbornness and his commitment to his ideas. So, values ​​do not exist for Bazarov, and this is the reason for his cynicism.

Bazarov likes to emphasize his indomitability before authorities. He believes only in what he saw and felt himself. Although Evgeniy says that he does not accept other people's opinions, he says that German scientists are his teachers. I don't think this is a contradiction. The Germans he is talking about and Bazarov himself are like-minded people, both of them do not recognize authorities, so why shouldn’t Evgeny trust these people? The fact that even a person like him has teachers is natural: it is impossible to know everything on your own; you need to rely on the knowledge already acquired by someone else.

Bazarov's mentality, constantly searching, doubting, questioning, can be a model for a person striving for knowledge.

Bazarov is a nihilist, and this is also why we respect him. But in the words of the hero of another Turgenev novel, Rudin, “skepticism has always been characterized by sterility and impotence.” These words apply to Evgeniy Vasilyevich. - But we need to build it. - This is no longer our business... First we need to clear the place.

Bazarov's weakness is that, while denying, he does not offer anything in return. Bazarov is a destroyer, not a creator. His nihilism is naive and maximalistic, but nevertheless it is valuable and necessary. It was generated by the noble ideal of Bazarov - the ideal of a strong, intelligent, courageous and moral person.

Bazarov has such a peculiarity that he belongs to two different generations. The first is the generation of the time in which he lived. Eugene is typical of this generation, like any intelligent commoner, striving to understand the world and confident in the degeneration of the nobility. The second is the generation of the very distant future. Bazarov was a utopian: he called for living not according to principles, but according to feelings. This is an absolutely correct way of life, but then, in the 19th century, and even now it is impossible.

Society is too corrupt to produce unspoiled people, that's all. “Fix society and there will be no diseases.” Bazarov is absolutely right in this, but he did not think that it would not be so easy to do this. I am sure that a person who lives not according to rules invented by someone, but according to his natural feelings, according to his conscience, is a person of the future. Therefore, Bazarov belongs to some extent to the generation of his distant descendants.

Bazarov gained fame among readers thanks to his unusual views on life and ideas of nihilism. This nihilism is immature, naive, even aggressive and stubborn, but it is still useful as a means of forcing society to wake up, look back, look forward and think about where it is going.

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What is the tragedy of the nihilist E. Bazarov?

The action of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” takes place in the summer of 1859, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom. At that time in Russia there was an acute question: who could lead society? On the one hand, the nobility claimed the leading social role, which consisted of both fairly free-thinking liberals and aristocrats who thought the same way as at the beginning of the century. At the other pole of society were the revolutionaries - democrats, the majority of whom were commoners. The main character of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is close to the most radical representatives of the second group. The thoughts he expressed provoked a strong reaction among the reading public. The views of the nihilist were discussed in many critical articles, the author himself explained in letters (the famous letter to K. Sluchevsky) that he wanted to show with the image of Bazarov - “a figure... wild, half grown out of the soil...”.

Over the course of the novel, Bazarov’s personality evokes more and more respect; it is clear that the author himself admires the fortitude of the young nihilist. However, in a dispute with life, Bazarov was forced to retreat; reality was unable to accept such a stormy, active nature. This was the reason for the tragedy that played out in the fate of Bazarov.

Life does not immediately show the nihilist all the shortcomings of his ideology; the reader gradually comes to the idea that Bazarov’s ideas cannot be realized in modern conditions. The clashes between Bazarov's views and reality begin in Maryino, the Kirsanovs' estate, during disputes with Pavel Petrovich. It would seem that it is clearly shown that the age of aristocrats has long passed, that Pavel Petrovich’s “principles” do not allow society to develop freely, but at the same time we see certain weaknesses in the positions of nihilism. For example, the imperfection of the theory becomes obvious: nihilists only “clear space”, but do not offer anything in return, hoping for a Russian “maybe”.

The next test turned out to be more serious for Bazarov. Arkady and Evgeny meet a local celebrity, Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, at a ball in the provincial town.

Anna Sergeevna is a widow in the prime of her life, who received the entire fortune of her rich husband, whom she once married for convenience. She lived quietly on her estate, occasionally going to balls in the provincial town, each time striking with her extraordinary beauty and subtle intelligence. Bazarov notices Odintsova’s attractiveness, but believes that she is a completely ordinary woman, among whom “only freaks think freely.” Having started a conversation with Anna Sergeevna, Bazarov gradually becomes dissuaded from this and happily accepts the invitation to stay at Nikolskoye, Odintsova’s estate. There, Bazarov’s conversations with Anna Sergeevna continue, and the nihilist is surprised to notice new sensations that were previously unfamiliar to him. He realizes that these feelings are “romanticism”, “nonsense”, as he himself calls them, but he cannot help himself. Bazarov the man comes into conflict with Bazarov the nihilist. For a moment, the man wins, and Bazarov declares his love to Odintsova, but after that the nihilist’s mind takes control of everything, and Evgeny apologizes for his impulse and soon leaves for the village to visit his parents. Again, Bazarov the nihilist was not defeated; in the end, he managed to control his soul and suppressed all its external manifestations. But the existence of this very soul forced the nihilist to slightly change his position: earlier he believed that a person decides what to do, depending on what is more profitable at a given moment, but now Bazarov began to argue that a person is driven by sensations. The realization that even a nihilist is not alien to “romanticism” dealt a powerful blow to Bazarov’s nature.

Of course, the “test of love” is the most difficult test that Bazarov had to endure, but the test of the nihilist’s views did not end there. From Nikolskoye, Evgeniy goes to the village to visit his parents, where he is again struck by fate. Over the years they lived outside their native walls, differences appeared between Eugene and his parents, so significant that these people could not communicate freely with each other: they simply did not understand each other.

Bazarov leaves his village for Maryino, where he finally realizes the doom of his ideas. After the duel with Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov realized: if in order to force one district aristocrat to change his “principles,” it takes as much effort and time as it takes to break the resistance of the entire nobility. Bazarov realized that alone he meant nothing, and decided to live quietly with his parents and do what he loved - the natural sciences.

He did not give up his ideas, he simply realized that their time had not yet come, and was forced to give up the fight. However, Bazarov’s bright, “rebellious” heart could not live a quiet, calm life, therefore, if the accident that caused his death had not occurred, then “it should have been invented.” The nihilist Bazarov was not broken by life, but nevertheless left the “battlefield” forever, albeit against his will.

It is precisely in the fact that Bazarov, who did not give up a single position “in battle,” leaving each time with his head held high, was forced to admit his weakness in the face of existence, that lies the main tragedy of his life. This is probably what Turgenev had in mind when he wrote to Sluchevsky that Bazarov is “a tragic person.”

The action of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” takes place in the summer of 1859, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom. At that time in Russia there was an acute question: who could lead society? On the one hand, the nobility claimed the leading social role, which consisted of both fairly free-thinking liberals and aristocrats who thought the same way as at the beginning of the century. At the other pole of society were the revolutionaries - democrats, the majority of whom were commoners. The main character of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is close to the most radical representatives of the second group. The thoughts he expressed provoked a strong reaction among the reading public. The views of the nihilist were discussed in many critical articles, the author himself explained in letters (the famous letter to K. Sluchevsky) that he wanted to show with the image of Bazarov - “a figure... wild, half grown out of the soil...”.

Over the course of the novel, Bazarov’s personality evokes more and more respect; it is clear that the author himself admires the fortitude of the young nihilist. However, in a dispute with life, Bazarov was forced to retreat; reality was unable to accept such a stormy, active nature. This was the reason for the tragedy that played out in the fate of Bazarov.

Life does not immediately show the nihilist all the shortcomings of his ideology; the reader gradually comes to the idea that Bazarov’s ideas cannot be realized in modern conditions. The clashes between Bazarov's views and reality begin in Maryino, the Kirsanovs' estate, during disputes with Pavel Petrovich. It would seem that it is clearly shown that the age of aristocrats has long passed, that Pavel Petrovich’s “principles” do not allow society to develop freely, but at the same time we see certain weaknesses in the positions of nihilism. For example, the imperfection of the theory becomes obvious: nihilists only “clear space”, but do not offer anything in return, hoping for a Russian “maybe”.

The next test turned out to be more serious for Bazarov. Arkady and Evgeny meet a local celebrity, Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, at a ball in the provincial town.

Anna Sergeevna is a widow in the prime of her life, who received the entire fortune of her rich husband, whom she once married for convenience. She lived quietly on her estate, occasionally going to balls in the provincial town, each time striking with her extraordinary beauty and subtle intelligence. Bazarov notices Odintsova’s attractiveness, but believes that she is a completely ordinary woman, among whom “only freaks think freely.” Having started a conversation with Anna Sergeevna, Bazarov gradually becomes dissuaded from this and happily accepts the invitation to stay at Nikolskoye, Odintsova’s estate. There, Bazarov’s conversations with Anna Sergeevna continue, and the nihilist is surprised to notice new sensations that were previously unfamiliar to him. He realizes that these feelings are “romanticism”, “nonsense”, as he himself calls them, but he cannot help himself. Bazarov the man comes into conflict with Bazarov the nihilist. For a moment, the man wins, and Bazarov declares his love to Odintsova, but after that the nihilist’s mind takes control of everything, and Evgeny apologizes for his impulse and soon leaves for the village to visit his parents. Again, Bazarov the nihilist was not defeated; in the end, he managed to control his soul and suppressed all its external manifestations. But the existence of this very soul forced the nihilist to slightly change his position: earlier he believed that a person decides what to do, depending on what is more profitable at a given moment, but now Bazarov began to argue that a person is driven by sensations. The realization that even a nihilist is not alien to “romanticism” dealt a powerful blow to Bazarov’s nature.

Of course, the “test of love” is the most difficult test that Bazarov had to endure, but the test of the nihilist’s views did not end there. From Nikolskoye, Evgeniy goes to the village to visit his parents, where he is again struck by fate. Over the years they lived outside their native walls, differences appeared between Eugene and his parents, so significant that these people could not communicate freely with each other: they simply did not understand each other.

Bazarov leaves his village for Maryino, where he finally realizes the doom of his ideas. After the duel with Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov realized: if in order to force one district aristocrat to change his “principles,” it takes as much effort and time as it takes to break the resistance of the entire nobility. Bazarov realized that alone he meant nothing, and decided to live quietly with his parents and do what he loved - the natural sciences.

He did not give up his ideas, he simply realized that their time had not yet come, and was forced to give up the fight. However, Bazarov’s bright, “rebellious” heart could not live a quiet, calm life, therefore, if the accident that caused his death had not occurred, then “it should have been invented.” The nihilist Bazarov was not broken by life, but nevertheless left the “battlefield” forever, albeit against his will.

It is precisely in the fact that Bazarov, who did not give up a single position “in battle,” leaving each time with his head held high, was forced to admit his weakness in the face of existence, that lies the main tragedy of his life. This is probably what Turgenev had in mind when he wrote to Sluchevsky that Bazarov is “a tragic person.”

The action of I. S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" takes place in the summer of 1859, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom. At that time, there was an acute question in the Russian Federation: who could lead society? On the one hand, the nobility claimed the leading social role, which consisted of both fairly free-thinking liberals and aristocrats who thought the same way as at the beginning of the century. At the other pole of society were the revolutionaries - democrats, the majority of whom were commoners. The main character of the novel "Fathers and Sons" is close to the most radical representatives of the second group. The thoughts he expressed provoked a strong reaction among the reading public. The views of the nihilist were discussed in many critical articles, the author himself explained in letters (the famous letter to K. Sluchevsky) that he wanted to show with the image of Bazarov - “a figure... wild, half grown out of the soil...”.

Over the course of the novel, Bazarov’s personality evokes more and more respect; it is clear that the author himself admires the fortitude of the young nihilist. However, in a dispute with life, Bazarov was forced to retreat; reality was unable to accept such a stormy, active nature. This was the reason for the tragedy that played out in the fate of Bazarov.
Life does not immediately show the nihilist all the shortcomings of his ideology; the reader gradually comes to the idea that Bazarov’s ideas cannot be realized in modern conditions. The clashes between Bazarov's views and reality begin in Maryino, the Kirsanovs' estate, during a dispute with Pavel Petrovich. It would seem that it is directly shown that the age of aristocrats has long passed, that Pavel Petrovich’s “principles” do not allow society to develop freely, but at the same time we see certain weaknesses in the positions of nihilism. For example, the imperfection of the theory becomes obvious: nihilists only “clear space”, but do not offer anything in return, hoping for a Russian “maybe”.

The next test turned out to be more serious for Bazarov. Arkady and Evgeny meet a local celebrity, Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, at a ball in the provincial town.

Anna Sergeevna is a widow in the prime of life, who received the entire fortune of her rich husband, whom she married at one time out of convenience. She lived quietly on her estate, rarely going to balls in the provincial city, each time striking with her extraordinary beauty and subtle mind. Bazarov notices Odintsova’s attractiveness, but believes that she is a completely ordinary lady, among whom “only freaks think freely.” Having started a conversation with Anna Sergeevna, Bazarov gradually becomes dissuaded from this and happily accepts the invitation to stay at Nikolskoye, Odintsova’s estate. There, Bazarov’s conversations with Anna Sergeevna continue, and the nihilist is surprised to notice new sensations that were previously unfamiliar to him. He realizes that these feelings are “romanticism”, “nonsense”, as he himself calls them, but he cannot help himself. Bazarov the man comes into conflict with Bazarov the nihilist. For a moment, the man wins, and Bazarov declares his love to Odintsova, but after that the nihilist’s mind takes control of everything, and Evgeny apologizes for his impulse and soon leaves for the village to visit his parents. Again, Bazarov the nihilist was not defeated; in the end, he managed to control his soul and suppressed all its external manifestations. But the existence of this very soul forced the nihilist to slightly change his position: earlier he believed that a person decides what to work for, depending on what is more profitable at a given moment, but at the moment Bazarov began to argue that a person is driven by sensations. The realization that, moreover, “romanticism” is not alien to the nihilist dealt a powerful blow to Bazarov’s nature.

Of course, the “test of love” is the most difficult test that Bazarov had to endure, but the testing of the nihilist’s views did not end there. From Nikolskoye, Evgeniy goes to the village to visit his parents, where he is again struck by fate. Over the years they lived outside their native walls, differences appeared between Eugene and his parents, so significant that these people could not communicate freely with each other: they simply did not understand each other.

Bazarov leaves his village for Maryino, where he finally realizes the doom of his ideas. After the duel with Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov realized: if in order to force one district aristocrat to change his “principles,” it takes as much time and effort as it takes to break the resistance of the entire nobility. Bazarov realized that alone he meant nothing, and decided to live quietly with his parents and do what he loved - the natural sciences.

He did not give up his ideas, he simply realized that their time had not yet come, and was forced to give up the fight. However, Bazarov’s bright, “rebellious” heart could not exist in a quiet, calm life, therefore, if the accident that caused his death had not occurred, then “it should have been invented.” The nihilist Bazarov was not broken by life, but nevertheless left the “battlefield” forever, albeit against his will.

It is precisely in the fact that Bazarov, who did not give up a single position “in battle,” leaving every time with his head held high, was forced to admit his weakness in the face of existence, that contains the main tragedy of his life. This is probably what Turgenev had in mind when he wrote to Sluchevsky that Bazarov is “a tragic face.”

What is the essence of Bazarov's nihilism? What is the essence of Bazarov's nihilism? The novel Fathers Are Coming is directed against the nobility. This is not the only work of Turgenev written in this spirit, remember at least Notes of a Hunter, but it especially stands out because in it the writer exposed not individual nobles but the entire class of landowners, proved his inability to lead Russia forward, completed his ideological defeat . Why exactly at the beginning of the 60s of the 19th century did this work appear? The defeat in the Crimean War and the predatory reform of 1861 confirmed the decline of the nobility and its inability to govern Russia. In Fathers and Sons it is shown that the old, degenerating morality is giving way, albeit with difficulty, to a new, revolutionary, progressive one.

The bearer of this new morality is the main character of the novel, Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov. This young man from the commoners, seeing the decline of the ruling classes and the state, takes the path of nihilism, that is, denial. What does Bazarov deny? He says everything, and everything is what relates to the minimum needs of man and to the knowledge of nature through personal experience, through experiments.

Bazarov looks at things from the point of view of their practical benefits. His motto: Nature is a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it. Eugene does not recognize authorities, conventions, love, religion, autocracy. But he does not seek followers and does not fight against what he denies. This, in my opinion, is a very important feature of Bazarov’s nihilism. This nihilism is directed inward, Eugene does not care whether he is understood and recognized or not. Bazarov does not hide his convictions, but he is not a preacher. One of the characteristics of devilishism in general is the denial of spiritual and material values.

Bazarov is very unpretentious. He cares little about the fashionability of his clothes, the beauty of his face and body, he does not strive to get money by any means. What he has is enough for him. Society’s opinion about his material condition does not bother him. Bazarov’s disdain for material values ​​elevates him in my eyes. This trait is a sign of strong and intelligent people.

Evgeniy Vasilyevich’s denial of spiritual values ​​is disappointing. Calling spirituality romanticism and nonsense, he despises the people who bear it. A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than a great poet. He mocks Arkady’s father, who plays the cello and reads Pushkin, Arkady himself, who loves nature, and Pavel Petrovich, who threw his life at the feet of the woman he loves. It seems to me that Bazarov denies music and poetry , love, beauty by inertia, without really understanding these things. He reveals a complete ignorance of literature. Nature evokes the silence of sleep, said Pushkin, and so on, and inexperience in love. Love for Odintsova, most likely the first in his life, did not in any way agree with Evgeniy’s ideas that made him furious. But, despite what happened to him, Bazarov did not change his previous views on love and took up arms against it even more.

This is a confirmation of Eugene’s stubbornness and his commitment to his ideas.

So, values ​​do not exist for Bazarov, and this is the reason for his cynicism. Bazarov likes to emphasize his indomitability before authorities. He believes only in what he saw and touched himself. Although Evgeniy claims that he does not recognize other people's opinions, he says that German scientists are his teachers. I don’t think this is a contradiction. The Germans he’s talking about and Bazarov himself are like-minded people, both of them do not recognize authorities, so why shouldn’t Evgeny trust these people? The fact that even a person like him has teachers is naturally impossible to know everything on his own; one must rely on the knowledge already acquired by someone else.

Bazarov's mentality, constantly searching, doubting, questioning, can be a model for a person striving for knowledge. Bazarov is a nihilist, and for this we respect him. But in the words of the hero of another Turgenev novel, Rudin, skepticism has always been characterized by sterility and impotence. These words apply to Evgeniy Vasilyevich. But we need to build. It’s no longer our business. First, we need to clear the place.

Bazarov's weakness is that, while denying, he does not offer anything in return. Bazarov is a destroyer, not a creator. His nihilism is naive and maximalistic, but nevertheless it is valuable and necessary. It was generated by the noble ideal of Bazarov - the ideal of a strong, intelligent, courageous and moral person. Bazarov has the peculiarity that he belongs to two different generations. The first is the generation of the time in which he lived. Eugene is typical of this generation, like any intelligent commoner, striving to understand the world and confident in the degeneration of the nobility.

The second is the generation of a very distant future. Bazarov was a utopian; he called for living not according to principles, but according to feelings. This is an absolutely correct way of life, but then, in the 19th century, and even now it is impossible. Society is too corrupt to produce unspoiled people, and that's all. Correct society, and there will be no diseases. Bazarov is absolutely right in this, but he did not think that it would not be so easy to do this.

I am sure that a person who lives not according to rules invented by someone, but according to his natural feelings, is a person of the future according to his conscience. Therefore, Bazarov belongs to some extent to the generation of his distant descendants. Bazarov gained fame among readers thanks to his unusual views on life, ideas of nihilism. This nihilism is immature, naive, even aggressive and stubborn, but it is still useful as a means of forcing society to wake up, look back, look forward and think about where it is going.

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