The name of the history club in a correctional school. Historical circle as a form of extracurricular organization

Municipal budgetary educational institution

“Secondary school No. 1” in the city of Velizh, Smolensk region

Reviewed

At a meeting of the School of Education of Social and Political Disciplines and Foreign Language teachers

Protocol

№ from _______ August 2015

Head of ShMO _____

Agreed

Deputy Director for VR

___________ ….

"___"___________ 2015

I approve

Head teacher

___________ ……

"___" ____________ 2015

Working programm

mug "Clio"

at 201 5 -2016 academic year

The work program was drawn up

teacher Chudinova I.V.

Velizh 2015

Explanatory note.

The program was developed based on the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education,regulations on the work program of teachers of MBOU “Secondary School No. 1” of the city of Velizh, the plan of educational work of the school for the 2015-2016 academic year.

Relevance

One of the main tasks that a modern school sets for itself is to strengthen the spiritual connection between generations, preserve and revive national, ethnocultural traditions, and moral and patriotic education of students. It is history that is capable of fulfilling this task, since it is a fascinating, interesting and necessary science about the destinies of mankind. History is rightly called the memory of the people and the teacher of life. And the importance of local history in this aspect is difficult to overestimate. Historical local history is one of the most important elements of historical science. It is an important means of shaping historical thinking, national identity, tolerance and humanism. It is one of the sources of enriching students with knowledge of the history of their native land, instilling love for it and the formation of civic concepts and skills, introducing students to the study of the history of the Fatherland through independent research work.

Goals: - introducing students to the study of history through independent research work ; development of the child’s personality: formation of an active life position, ability for independent intellectual activity, familiarization with the spiritual experience of the people;

Tasks:

Development of students’ cognitive interests in understanding phenomena, events, processes

Development of educational and research skills

Development of activity and independence of students.

Providing methodological support to students when conducting research and preparing speeches (presentations) at various scientific and practical conferences and competitions for schoolchildren

Acquisition by students of the functional skill of research as a universal way of mastering reality

Introducing students to scientific and social issues

Fostering a caring attitude towards the historical heritage of the native land

general characteristics

The program is focused on the active life position of the child, involved in social activities, self-education, development of creative abilities and is designed to promote citizenship, patriotism, respect for human rights, freedoms and responsibilities, education of moral feelings, beliefs, and ethical consciousness.

The program is aimed at developing the patriotic and creative abilities of students, forming in them the foundations of a culture of research and design activities, systemic ideas and positive social experience in applying methods and technologies of these types of activities, developing students’ skills to independently determine the goals and results of their activities.

The program ensures the requirements of the Standard for the organization of a system-activity approach in training and the organization of independent work of students, the development of critical thinking in the process of achieving a personally significant goal that is of cognitive interest to students.

Research is one of the components of historical science.

The research method is the highest form of nurturing students’ creative initiative and independence. Students become not consumers of ready-made information, but participants in the creative process. Schoolchildren learn to reveal the dialectical relationship between general historical and local material.

The skills and abilities of a researcher are easily inculcated and transferred in the future to all types of activities. At the same time, it is important to remember that the most durable knowledge is that obtained independently, in the course of one’s own research. The knowledge acquired by students as a result of research activities will become new and personally significant for each student.

The practice of conducting student research is today one of the means of activating the learning process and a special area of ​​extracurricular work, closely related to the main educational process and focused on the development of students’ research and creative activity.

Thus, the research method is purposeful in nature, awakens interest in research and discoveries, creates creative excitement, activates the cognitive activity of students, and develops their skills in research work and creative work.

It is proposed to use the following methods of educational and research activities: m project method, experiment, method of analogies, comparison method, laboratory, method of independent research, method of working with text, historical document, method of continuing research, method of sociological survey, interviewing. The following forms of activity are also proposed:

Conducting observations and research in nature and society;

Creation of specific databases on selected topics;

Compilation of chronicles, chronicles, essays about historical events and natural phenomena,

Carrying out research work, publishing booklets;

Participation in conferences, olympiads and competitions;

- excursion work.

The peculiarity of this course is that it involves not only the theoretical part of the program, but most importantly, the skills of project activities are formed.

The program is based primarily on active learning methods and pays significant attention to students’ independent work.

The main form of recording students’ extracurricular achievements is a portfolio.

Areas of work:

Educational, scientific research

Local history

Club classes carried out in the following options:

Participants act as consumers of information (lectures, excursions, meetings with interesting people);

Students continue the activities started in the lesson (games, holidays, exhibitions of creative works);

Children apply the knowledge and skills acquired in the lesson (research work, search work).

The basis of the work of the local history circle is research work.

Students perform research work both in groups and individually:

Preparation of a report on the proposed plan, compilation of an album;

Writing research papers

Thus. The club program includes theoretical and practical classes:

1) theoretical (conversations, lectures, reports, independent work).

2) practical (excursions, meetings, workshops in the library, archive, work with documents, media, work with computers, other information media, preparation for competitions).

The program is designed for students in grades 6-11 who are interested in history and have the appropriate level of knowledge and involves the gradual development of children's thinking from sensory perception of the world around them to logical thinking, which shapes the knowledge and ideological position of the future citizen. Duration of training - 1 year. Number of hours - 34 hours.

The program continues the work of the previous year, since the students were interested in the work of the circle and during the previous academic year research projects were created and started that the students wish to continue.

The result of the implementation of the circle program is the introduction of students to the study of history through independent research work, the formation of historical thinking and the education of citizenship in the younger generation through the study of history; training in techniques and methods of educational and research work: compiling a bibliography, annotations, working with a catalogue, local history, scientific and reference literature, with documentary and reference materials, recording memories, collecting local history material, using logical techniques; training in techniques and methods for observing and describing objects of material culture, historical monuments, events, the ability to relate general historical processes and individual facts; development of activity and independence of students; successful performance of students at various conferences, olympiads, and competitions.

Summing up the results of the program is carried out in the following forms: exhibitions, competitions, reports on search tasks, participation in scientific and practical conferences, creative presentations

Requirements for the level of training

Requirements for the results of activities of members of the circle involve the implementation of activity-based, competence-based and personality-oriented approaches, which will ultimately ensure that students master knowledge, various types of activities and skills that implement them.

Personal results

- mastering national values, traditions, culture of the native land;

Fundamentals of social-critical thinking;

Knowledge of the basics of a healthy and safe lifestyle.

Civic patriotism, love for the Motherland, a sense of pride in one’s country;

Respect for history, cultural and historical monuments;

Respect for the individual and his dignity, a friendly attitude towards others, intolerance to any types of violence and readiness to resist them;

The need for self-expression and self-realization, social recognition.

Metasubject

Communication results

Take into account different opinions and strive to coordinate different positions in cooperation;

Formulate your own opinion and position, argue and coordinate it with the positions of partners in cooperation when developing a common solution in joint activities;

Establish and compare different points of view before making decisions and choices;

Argue your point of view, argue and defend your position in a manner that is not hostile to opponents;

Ask questions necessary to organize your own activities and cooperation with a partner;

Work in a group - establish working relationships, collaborate effectively and promote productive cooperation; integrate into a peer group and build productive interactions with peers and adults.

Cognitive results

Learn the basics of implementing design and research activities;

Conduct observations and experiments under the guidance of a teacher;

Carry out an advanced search for information using library resources and the Internet;

Explain phenomena, processes, connections and relationships identified during the study.

Regulatory universal learning activities

- set educational goals,

- plan your actions in accordance with the task and the conditions for its solution;

Make adjustments to actions.

Subject results:

Mastering holistic ideas about the historical path of the peoples of your country, small homeland

Ability to study and systematize information from various historical and modern sources, revealing its social affiliation and cognitive value;

Willingness to apply historical knowledge to identify and preserve historical and cultural monuments of one’s country and the world.

Expected Result

Know the features of your native land, the history of your school

Be proud of your small homeland

Learn to use information sources, work in the archive, library, Internet

Create your own research projects

Learn to give a presentation in front of your classmates

Main content of the subject

Introduction. Familiarization with the work plan of the circle, safety requirements for classes and excursions. Main All-Russian and regional scientific and practical conferences and competitions for schoolchildren. Local history work

Basic concepts of scientific research work: hypothesis, idea, concept, keyword, research method, methodology of scientific knowledge, scientific topic, scientific theory, research, fact, review, object of research, subject of research, principle, problem, theory, conclusion. Types of research work. Subjects of research work in socio-political disciplines, local history

General outline of the progress of scientific research: justification of the relevance of the chosen topic, setting goals and specific objectives of the research, description of the research process, discussion of the research results, formulation of conclusions and evaluation of the results obtained.

Methods of scientific knowledge: observation, comparison, measurement, experiment, abstraction, analysis and synthesis, historical method.

The structure of the content of the research work: title page, table of contents, introduction, main part, conclusion (conclusions), list of references and other sources.

Project planning and work rules

Selecting a topic. Drawing up a plan for research work. Working with scientific literature. Working with the conceptual apparatus. Experimental work.

Collecting material for writing a research project. Historical sources. Search for an interlocutor. Preparing for an interview. Interview recording technique. Work in archives. Registration of work. Work in the Power point program Defense and presentation of a research project.

Information search: types of information (review, reference), methods of information search. Working with a historical source: types of sources, forms and methods of working with them. Practical lesson.

Searching for information in the archive

Types of archives. Work in the archive: searching for information, types of sources, forms and methods of working with them. Practical lesson.

Library. Search for information. Working with catalogues, encyclopedias, reference books. Practical lesson.

Familiarity with electronic resources, their content, capabilities.

Studying electronic resources

Practical lesson

Work on selected topics

Local history direction

School history

Acquaintance with the history of your native school. Work in the proposed areas.

Topic: “School symbols”

Topic: “Our graduates”

Hometown history

Studying the history of your hometown. Work in the proposed areas.

Topic: “Children of War”

Topic: "Occupation"

Creation of research papers

Work on selected topics

Presentation of projects

Psychological aspect of readiness to perform. Requirements for the report. Culture of speaking and discussion: following the rules of etiquette, addressing opponents, answering questions, concluding remarks.

Final lesson

Reserve 4 hours

Used for individual lessons on selected projects.

Description of educational and methodological material and technical support of the educational process

Information and communication means.

Collection of ICS history cabinet.

Intel. Learning for the future.

Internet resources.

● - website "Country of Gardarik (Ancient Rus')

● old - rus . people . ru - "Anthology of Old Russian Literature"

● - "Russian section" - ancient Russian history, culture, literature on the site

● - Website "Ancient and Udelnaya Rus'".

● - "Paganism of the Slavs"- encyclopedia of Slavic religion.

● Slavyans . people . ru - "Slavyanskaya Sloboda"

● Egorov K. website "Education of Kievan Rus" –

● a - nevskiy . people . ru - "Alexander Nevskiy" .

● library . tver . ru "...this is Peter, Father of the Fatherland..."

● history 164. people . ru - "The Age of Peter the Great" Educational and methodological complex (for teachers).

● ekaterina 2. bnd . ru website "Catherine II Great"

● - Internet project"1812" .

● decemb . hobby . ru - virtual "Museum of the Decembrists" . Articles, memoirs, gallery, archive.

● (= ) project " Chronos

- - Maps and diagrams on the history of Russia.

● history . atomlink . ru - History of Russia (862-1917).

● clarino 2. people . ru - "Rulers of Ancient Rus'" . Enumeration and characteristics (before AlexanderIII).

● - chronological table"Thousands of dates on the history of Russia" .

● - table "Rulers of Rus', Empire, Russia" - from Rurik to Putin.

● - "Rulers of Russia and the Soviet Union" (period 1721 - 2004)

● - "Rulers of Russia"

● clarino 2. people . ru - a little work"Genealogy of Russian princes" (from Rurik to Shuisky).

● - maps on the history of Russia: Ancient Rus', Caucasian, Crimean, Russian-Turkish, etc.

● - Russian Biographical Dictionary .

● all - photo . ru - Russian Empire in photographs.

● bojre . orthodoxy . ru - "Boyars" - encyclopedia of boyar families.

● - Ancients Slavic myths and legends .

● grandwar . kulichki . net website "Grandfather's Wars" –

● "General Staff" –

● armor . kiev . ua - website "Anatomy of an Army"

● - Revolution and Civil War.

● "Memorial" –

● (or )- History of political repressions in the USSR (1918-1991).

● - System of forced labor camps in the USSR ; - History of prisons and camps in the USSR (GULAG) . Gulag map - .

● - History of the dissident movement.

● - "Virtual Museum of the Gulag" (more than 70 museums)

(Library of fiction and documentary texts - )

● slava - cccp . people . ru "Soviet Union"

● - " Sovetika . ru - site about the Soviet era"

● "Soviet music

● (= sovetsky - soyuz . people . ru ) website "USSR Time"

● (oldgazette . people . ru ) website "Old newspapers

● world - war 2. chat . ru - " The Second World War on the Russian Internet"

● - "World War II, 1939-1945." .

● gpw . tellur . ru - website "The Great Patriotic War" Thematic selections of publications (articles, books).

● warrior . com . ru - "People's War" (1941-45) Memoirs; chronicle; documentation; gallery, etc.

● tsushima . org . ru - "Naval history 1855-1945."

● - electronic almanac"Russia. XX century Documentation

● - "Human Rights in Russia" .

● - website "History.RU" .

● - Russian electronic magazine"World of History" .

● history . tuad . nsk . ru - website "Russian history" .

● istrorijarossii . people . ru - website "History of our country" Library, maps, documents.

● - Archives of Russia.

● - Faces of Russia.

● heraldry . hobby . ru - Coats of arms of cities of the Russian Federation .

www.hist.msu.ru/ER/index.html Library of electronic resources of the Faculty of History of Moscow State University. Lomonosov
bookz.ru/ Bookz.ru is a large free library.

garweb.ru/project/law/index.htm codes of the Russian Federation

history.pu.ru/biblioth/ email libraryLSU

http://www.rsl.ru Russian State Library

http://www.nlr.ru Russian National Library

http://www.shpl.ru State Public Historical Library (GPIB)

http://www.liatr.ru Russian State Library for Art (RGLI)

http://www.gopb.ru State Social and Political Library (GOPB)

http://www.libfl.ru All-Russian State Library of Foreign Literature named after. M.I. Rudomino

http://www.gnpbu.ru State Scientific Pedagogical Library named after. K.D. Ushinsky

http://www.nbmgu.ru Scientific library of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov

http://www.lib.pu.ru Scientific Library named after. M. Gorky St. Petersburg State University

http://www.lib.ru Maxim Moshkov Library

http://www.lib.km.ru Network library

http://www.ihtik.lib.ru Electronic full-text library Ihtik

http://www.msu.ru/libraries Electronic catalog of MSU libraries

www.vusnet.ru/biblio Library of the Russian Humanitarian Internet University

http://www.rvb.ru Russian Virtual Library

http://www.bookz.ru Electronic library

http://www.magister.msk.ru/library Library of electronic editions of works, biographical and critical literature http://www.auditorium.ru. Library of Social and Humanitarian Literature

http://www.istmat.ru Library of historical and philosophical literature

http://www.filosofia.ru Library on philosophy and religion

http://www.peoplelife.info Biography. Digital library

http://www.contr.info/component/option,com_remository/Itemid,20/func,select/id,1/ Library of socio-political and philosophical literature.

http://www.public.ru Public Internet library. Russian media database 1990-2006

http://www.school.edu.ru Library of the Russian General Education Portal

http://www.isn.ru Russian Information Society Network

http://www.soc.lib.ru Sociology, psychology, management

http://www.igh.ru Institute of World History (IVI RAS)

http://www.spbrc.nw.ru/!russian/org/iri.htm St. Petersburg Institute of History (SPbII RAS)

http://www.historia.ru Magazine “World of History”

http://www.history.machaon.ru/about/virtual/index.html International historical journal “Virtual world of history”

http://www.philosophy.ru Institute of Philosophy RAS

http://www.rss.isras.ru Russian Society of Sociologists

http://www.isras.ru Institute of Sociology RAS

http://www.igpran.ru Institute of State and Law RAS

GOVERNMENT BODIES, ETC.

Portal "Official Russia" - http://www.gov.ru/ - server of government bodies of the Russian Federation
President of the Russian Federation - http://www.president.kremlin.ru/

Administration of the President of the Russian Federation

Security Council of the Russian Federation http://www.scrf.gov.ru/

Plenipotentiary representatives of the President of the Russian Federation - http://www.grankin.ru/russia/ru_prez14.htmhttp://www.ras.ru/win/htm/

Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation -

Government of the Russian Federation - http://www.government.gov.ru/

Rossiyskaya Gazeta - http://www.rg.ru/ - official publication of the Russian Government

Cyril and Methodius - http://www.km.ru/ - Knowledge about everything

Rubricon - http://www.rubricon.ru/ - the largest encyclopedic resource on the Internet

Directory of government officials of the Russian Federation - » dedicated to people . ru / index . html World history in faces.

Literature

List of literature for teachers.

Golub G.B., Perelygina E.A. Churakova O.V. Project method - technology of competency-based education: a manual for teachers - project managers of primary school students / Ed. prof. E.Ya. Kogan. – Samara: Publishing House “Educational Literature”, Publishing House “Fedorov”. 2006. – 176 p.

Demin I. S. Application of information technologies in educational and research activities // Development of research activities of students: Methodological collection. M.: Public Education, 2001. pp. 144-150.

Karpov A.O. Scientific research of youth // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2002, volume 72, no. 12, p. 1069-1074.

Leontovich A.V. Research activities of students: Collection of articles. M., MGDD(Yu)T, 2002. 110 pp., bibliography. 98.

Obukhov A.S. Research activity as a possible way for a teenager to enter the space of culture // School technologies, 2001, No. 5, p. 26-35.

Development of students' research activities. Methodical collection. - M.: Public Education, 2001. - 272 p.

Development of students' research activities: Methodological collection. M.: Public Education, 2001.

List of literature for students.

Encyclopedia on the history of Russia (862-1917). M., 2002.

Alexandrov V.N. History of Russian art: A short reference book for schoolchildren. – Mn.: Harvest, 2007.

Brockhaus F.A., Efron I.A. Russia. Illustrated encyclopedic dictionary. – M.: Eksmo, 2007.

World History: In 24 volumes - Mn.: Literature, 1996.

Velizh. Pages of history. – Velizh, 1995.

Goland S. Velizh ghetto, Smolensk region, XI. 1941-1942. – M.: House of Jewish Books, 2012

Volkovich A.Ya. Velizh Velizhans: in 2 books. – Smolensk, 2014

From the history of Velizh and the region. – Smolensk, 2002

Material and technical support of the educational process

Technical training aids.

Multimedia computer.

Multimedia projector.

Screen

Audio speakers

Educational and practical equipment.

1. Classroom board

   Classroom board with magnetic surface.

Calendar and thematic planning

T – theoretical lesson

P – practical lesson

Lesson number

Program section (total number of hours)

Lesson topic

Type of activity

Planned date

Note

1

Introduction.

T

Educational, research direction

2

Types of research work and their topics

T

3

Study. Structure of the study, project

T

4

Project planning

T P

5-6

Search for information. Working with historical sources

T P

7

Searching for information in the archive

T P

8

Searching for information in the library

T P

9

Electronic resources for educational project. (Internet, electronic encyclopedias, electronic catalogues)

T

10-11

Study of electronic resources.

P

12-13

Creation of research papers

P

Local history direction

School history

14-16

Topic: “Our school on Sovetskaya 29”

T P

17-18

Topic: “School symbols”

T P

19-20

Topic: “Our graduates”

T P

Hometown history

21-22

Topic: “Children of War”

T P

23-24

Topic: "Occupation"

T P

25

Design rules

P

26-27

Creation of research papers

P

28-29

Presentation of projects

T P

30

Final lesson

Reserve 4 hours

P

Voronina I.S.

Municipal educational institution "Bezrukovskaya secondary school", Novokuznetsk district, Kemerovo region.

The forms of extracurricular history classes are varied. There are three main forms. This is a mass form, group and individual. Mass forms of extracurricular activities include: historical evenings, olympiads, quizzes, conferences, meetings with participants in historical events. Group forms of extracurricular work include historical clubs, societies, excursions, hikes, expeditions, and lectures. Individual extracurricular work on history involves studying local history literature, working with documentary materials from the archive, physical monuments of the museum, preparing abstracts, recording memories, etc. The forms of extracurricular work are closely interconnected. Group work grows out of mass work; the results of group work are often presented at public evenings and conferences. Individual work is a necessary element of both mass and group forms.

The main activities of the historical circle at school.

The famous methodist historian A.A. Vagin emphasized that “the circle is the most flexible form, which most often becomes the organizational center for a number of extracurricular activities.”

The high assessment of circle work is not accidental. It is the circle that allows you to combine and use various forms of extracurricular work. The school club is based on the knowledge acquired by students in the classroom. It makes it possible to organize systematic classes according to a specific program and with a permanent staff. Working in a circle turns students into active teacher assistants, both in extracurricular activities and lessons. The success of the circle depends on the skill, desire, initiative and knowledge of its leader.

The work of the historical circle is carried out in two directions:

Theoretical (conversations, lectures, reports, conferences, quizzes, independent work).

Practical (excursions, expeditions, workshops in a museum, archive, library).

The head of the circle, a history teacher, provides scientific and methodological guidance to the circle: advises students, recommends the necessary literature, helps to systematize, evaluate and summarize the collected material. For current organizational and technical work, an executive secretary and his assistant are elected at the general meeting of the circle members. In agreement with the teacher, they assign classes to the circle, give individual instructions to its members and check the completion of assignments. In the work of the circle, special attention should be paid to choosing topics, identifying sources and planning. The circle works according to a plan approved at a meeting of circle members at the beginning of the school year. The work plan is drawn up taking into account:

The most difficult questions of the school curriculum;

Questions on historical local history;

Materials on auxiliary historical disciplines not included in the curriculum;

The plan defines goals and objectives and specifies different forms of work. The main form of work of the circle is the independent activity of students. Each member of the circle, taking into account individual interests, chooses a topic and works on it. As a result of the work of the circle, each of its participants masters certain skills and abilities in research activities. Particular attention should be paid to in-depth study of topics in historical local history. When a significant historical event is studied and how it was refracted in a given locality is shown, this takes on special educational and educational significance. Students see major historical events reflected in settings close to them. All records of eyewitness accounts of historical events, as well as copies of archival and museum documents, are studied, grouped by topic, systematized, processed and used for the preparation of student research papers, performances and exhibitions. The work of the circle ends with a final lesson. It can be held in the form of a historical evening or conference.

Historian Vyazemsky E.E. states that “while constantly developing students’ interest in activities in a circle, it is necessary not only to diversify the methods and techniques of work, to combine theoretical and practical classes, but to skillfully alternate them.”

The historical circle, as a form of extracurricular work on history, promotes in-depth study of program material, its consolidation and repetition, and the development of memory and imagination of schoolchildren. Trains mental activity, enriches the experience of independent empirical and research work with historical literature, scientific and historical sources, reference, encyclopedic and archival materials. Develops such personality qualities as initiative, respect for the spiritual and moral traditions of the Fatherland, pride in the glorious past of one’s country, and belonging to its roots.
List of used literature

1. Vagin A.A. Methods of teaching history at school / A.A. Vagin. – M.: Education, 1972. – 311 p.

2. Vyazemsky E.E. Methods of teaching history at school / E.E. Vyazemsky, O.Yu. Strelov. – M.: VLADOS, 1999 – 174 p.

Explanatory note

Most often, for a person, the concept of Motherland is associated with the place where he was born and raised. The CLIO circle program is aimed at expanding children’s knowledge about their native land, seeing it in the general course of history, feeling their connection with the past and present of the country, instilling a sense of pride in their fellow countrymen, promoting the development of: spiritual memory, a sense of kinship, respect for those living nearby. By collecting information about their fellow countrymen, recording the biographies of their fellow villagers, the children preserve the history of their small homeland for the future generation.

In addition, local history material, as closer and more familiar, enhances the specificity and clarity of students’ perception of the historical process and has an educational effect.

This course is designed to help the teacher, during extracurricular hours, create conditions for the development of information and communication competencies of students. The course not only expands students' knowledge about their fellow countrymen, helps them feel their connection with the past and present of their small homeland, it helps them master basic research skills using information technology.

Thus, this program is designed to develop the child’s personality by activating the cognitive abilities of students and realizing their sustainable interest in historical science in general and local history in particular.

The main directions of the circle’s activities are studying the history of the native land and village, designing and replenishing the exhibitions of the school local history corner.

Classes in the Historical Club contribute to instilling respect for the spiritual heritage of one’s district, city, region; preserving and enhancing the historical and cultural traditions of its people; stimulating the creative activity of students.

The club program includes theoretical and practical classes:

1) theoretical (conversations, lectures, reports, quizzes,

independent work).

2) practical (excursions, meetings, workshops in the library, working with documents, media, working with a computer, other information media).

The main types and methods of work are lectures, conversations, meetings with village residents, design of exhibitions and expositions, excursions, search and research activities, quizzes, and extracurricular activities. Lectures and conversations are structured in terms of getting to know the history, culture and life of the residents of the region and village. Visits and conversations with village residents, thematic excursions and hikes provide experience in ethnographic work and help acquire communication skills.

Children from 12 to 16 years old participate in the history club.

The duration of the program is 1 year, totaling 70 hours.

Classes are held 2 times a week in the school museum.

Program Goals:

to form a cognitive need for mastering historical material;

expand and deepen students’ knowledge about their native land;

to develop communication skills, preparation of events, design of research works;

cultivate patriotism.

To achieve these goals, a number of tasks have been set:

Educational:

Study the features of the Voronezh region, Khokholsky district, and the village of Gremyache;

Carry out organizational work to create effective forms of local history work;

Increase the level of independent work of children;

2. Educational:

development of civic qualities, patriotic attitude towards Russia and one’s land;

educating students using the example of the life and activities of fellow countrymen, understanding the value and significance of every human life;

instilling pride and respect for war and labor veterans living nearby.

3. Developmental:

To develop in students the ability to observe, compare, draw conclusions, and work with various sources of information:

Create the opportunity to choose the field of activity and communication;

To form such personality qualities as the ability to self-determination, self-development and self-realization in society, the ability to navigate life, to be an equal member of our society

This program allows you to focus on the interests of children and therefore helps to solve educational problems, deepening and expanding the geographical knowledge of pupils. Close communication between the teacher and children when performing individual work allows you to better get to know the child, his aspirations, abilities, and based on this, guide the development of his interests and independent cognitive activity.

This program expedient appropriate for the age of the children. The work is mainly carried out in the form of educational games, excursions, quizzes, correspondence travel, and time travel.

The program is based on theoretical and practical study of the history of our native land.

During the theoretical study, students acquire a certain set of knowledge, skills and abilities that help them learn about the history of our village.

Only those who live in it, with it and for the sake of it, who have united with it can believe in their homeland, their native land. its origins. Therefore, all the activities of the local history society are aimed at studying the history of our native land, our native village at various stages of our difficult history. It is not only possible, but also necessary, to be proud of the glory of your ancestors, for disrespect for this is shameful cowardice.

In the practical part of the program, students work with documents stored in the school museum and local history literature. As part of this program, children become familiar with the historical heritage of their native village and region.

After training in this program, students must know:

The history of the native land and village

Fundamentals of museology

Traditions of the peoples of Russia.

Fundamentals of nature management and environmental protection.

Pupils must be able to:

Have a conversation about an interesting fellow countryman

Write an essay about a fellow countryman, a village, a region

Collect material, systematize and summarize

Expected Result

Know the features of your native land

Learn to use information sources: periodicals, scientific journals, videos, disks, Internet, television

Have an understanding of the sources of environmental pollution

Be proud of your small homeland

Learn to give a presentation in front of your classmates

Educational and thematic plan

Main content of the program.

ChapterI. Introduction.

Theory. Organization of work of an additional educational association. Forms of classes. Operating mode. A brief description of the events in the history of the native land.

ChapterII. Tree of life.

The science of genealogy. Genealogy of famous Russian dynasties.

Practice.

Searching for information about relatives to compile a family tree. Drawing up a “tree of life” for your family.

ChapterIII. My family in the history of the country.

Family history based on memories, family archives, documents, photographs. Stages of formation and development, ups and difficult periods in the life of a family and its members.

Practice.

Scientific research activities. An objective assessment of the role and place of a person, each individual in the formation of the history of an entire people, a clear formulation of the question, a critical selection of factual material, awareness of a personal connection with the chosen topic.

ChapterIV. “Small Motherland is my village”

Historical sources, chronicles, revealing issues of studying the natural heritage of the native village.

Practice.

Selection of factual material. Conducting scientific research work. Legends associated with the origin of the name of the village. Gremyache History of the village.

ChapterV. Mikhail Matveevich Petrov.

Biography of M.M.Petrov.

Practice.

Working with historical sources and literature, getting acquainted with exhibits related to the life and work of the Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 M.M. Petrov.

ChapterVI. State symbols of the Russian Federation.

The history of state symbols of the Russian Federation, their historical continuity, essence and meaning in various periods of history. Coat of arms. Hymn. Flag.

Practice.

Scientific research activities. Search for information about state symbols of the Russian Federation. Compilation of a report.

ChapterVII. With. Gremyache during the war

Studying the military history of the region, the main military operations on the territory of our region during the Second World War and military conflicts. Preparing the excursion.

Practice.

Replenishment of the exposition. Thematic exhibition.

ChapterVIII. Our native land.

Historical sources, chronicles, revealing issues of studying the natural heritage of the native land.

Practice.

Selection of factual material.

ChapterIX. Voronezh region - 390...

History of the formation of the Voronezh region.

Practice.

Organizing and conducting classes on this topic.

ChapterX. Outstanding people of our village.

Practice.

Meeting with prominent people of our village. Research work: oral stories, documents, archives, photographic materials. Stand design.

ChapterXI. Our veterans.

Practice.

Meeting with labor veterans, veterans of the Great Patriotic War. Conversation. Conducting an excursion to the museum of the village of Gremyache.

ChapterXII. History of the school.

Working with the school's chronicle.

Practice.

Meetings and congratulations to veteran teachers who previously worked at our school.

Methodological support of the educational program.

Pedagogical support of the program:

Forms and methods of work: conversations, quizzes, competitions, excursions, observations, stories, writing essays, collecting materials (photos, newspaper materials), working with sources from Internet sites, compiling

maps and diagrams, meeting interesting people.

Didactic material: when working on an educational program are used: books, brochures, newspaper materials, information from the Internet, cartographic materials about the Rostov region (about the history of the region, about the natural features of the native land, about the population, about famous people of the region).

Organizational support of EP: to implement the goals and objectives of the “Pages of History” circle program, the necessary conditions have been created: premises, Internet, books, newspapers.

Literature for teachers:

1. Zhuravleva O.N. Learning to write essays on history: Methodological recommendations / O.N. Zhuravleva - St. Petersburg: SMIO Press, 2002.-32p.

2. Lutovinov V.I. The future of Russia is in the patriotism of youth / V.I. Lutovinov. - M.: “St. Andrew the First-Called Foundation”, 1999-207p.

Mitrofanov K. G., Shapoval V.V. How to write abstracts and essays on history correctly / K.G. Mitrofanov, V.V. Shapoval. – M.: Publishing house. House “New Textbook”, 2003. – 64 p.

Rodin A.F., Sokolovsky Yu.E. Excursion work on history / A.F.Rodin, Yu.E. Sokolovsky - M.: “Enlightenment”, 1974. – 155 p.

Savidova E.P. The school local history museum as a form of organizing students’ research activities. Internet resources, 2009.

Museum Affairs in Russia / Ed. M. E. Kaulen. M., 2003.

Museum pedagogy / Ed. N.M. Lankova / Work with schoolchildren in the local history museum of Moscow, 2001.

Emelyanov B.V. Guided tour. M., 2001.

Museum studies. Historical museums. M., 1988.

Yukhnevich M.Yu. I'll take you to the museum. M., 2001.

Literature for children:

1. Komarova T.S. Methods of teaching visual arts and design. – M., “Enlightenment”. 1991

2. Paramonova L. A. Museum and children. M., “Karapuz”, 1999.

3. Kurochkina N. A. Acquaintance with still life. – St.Pb. 1996

4. Doronova T. N. For preschoolers about the artists of children's books. - M. 1991.

5. Kompantseva. L.V. Poetic image of nature in children's drawings. - M. 1985.

6. Chumicheva R. M. Preschoolers about painting. – M. 1992

7. Knyazeva O. L. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture: Program - St. Petersburg, 1997.

8. Magazine “Preschool Education” No. 5, 2002. page 13 N. Kutyina “On the way to the museum.”

I approve
Deputy Director
in educational
work______Oh. A. Strebkova
Work program of the subject circle “Secrets of Russian history”
developed in accordance with Article 9 of the Federal Law “On Education in
Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2012 N 273FZ (as amended on May 5, 2014), with
requirements of the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated No. 1089 of March 5, 2004 (as amended by
06/23/2015 N 609) “On approval of the federal component of state
educational standards for primary general education,
basic general and
secondary (complete) general education, approximate secondary (complete) program
general education in History, recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Letter from
12/11/2006 N 061844 "On approximate requirements for additional programs
education of children", sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.4.2.282110 (decree of the chief state sanitary doctor
RF dated December 29, 2010 No. 189), with local acts of the SBPOK VO "BMTC".
Developer:
Osipova S.V. – teacher of History of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “BMTK”
Reviewed and approved at a meeting by the subject cycle commission
general education disciplines
Protocol No. 1 of 08/31/2017
Chairman of the PCC______________ G.A. Yakimenko
3

1. EXPLANATORY NOTE
The purpose of the circle’s work program: orientation of educational
process to meet the needs and interests of students, develop their
abilities.
Tasks:
create conditions for the development of students’ creative abilities,
develop the ability to work in groups, defend your point of view;
creating conditions for the development of the child’s personality;
development of the child’s personality motivation for knowledge and creativity;
ensuring the emotional well-being of the student;
introducing students to universal human values;
prevention of antisocial behavior;
creating conditions for social, cultural and professional
self-determination, creative self-realization of the student’s personality, his
integration into the system of world and domestic culture;
integrity of the process of mental and physical, mental and spiritual
student development;
strengthening the mental and physical health of the student;
increase in methods of activity: educational and cognitive; informationally
communicative; reflective;
to cultivate a sense of belonging to the past as the basis of development
historical consciousness;
mastering basic competencies: informational, cognitive,
communicative, reflective.
improving the activities of an educational institution in the second
half a day;
formation of creative activity of students in the discipline;
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5

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formation and improvement of research skills
activities;
develop the ability to independently work with historical, reference,
encyclopedic literature, Internet resources;
expand and deepen students’ knowledge about historical figures;
consider them through the prism of the activities of great historical figures
influence on historical processes in the history of the Russian state;
develop the ability to write a characterization of a historical figure;
determine and explain your attitude to the most significant events and
to individuals, to evaluate;
cultivate a sustainable interest in studying the history of the Fatherland;
cultivate patriotic feelings.
formation of healthy lifestyle skills.
This program is not designed for passive learning by students.
ready-made knowledge, but on cooperation and co-creation of teacher and student.
The work program allows you to gain additional knowledge on
Russian history beyond the educational standard for the discipline
The story is aimed at third-year students.
The general principles for selecting material content are:
choice of topic for the circle by students;
accessibility for third year students;
realism in terms of the ability to assimilate the main content
program (it can be studied in the allotted number of hours);
content invariance (the program is applicable for students who
interested in studying History, taking into account their level of knowledge, skills and abilities);
The subject matter and character determine the following features of its study:
problematic presentation and study of the material (highlighting key issues,
problematic, heuristic nature of their consideration);
creating open, problematic, educational situations;
most of the time is allocated for independent research, creative
student work;
During the study, previously studied material is updated.
Table 1. Educational technologies
Technologies used
Educational Technology Group
Educational technology
6

Supportive learning technologies
(traditional learning)
Explanatory and illustrative teaching
Developmental learning technologies
Multi-level learning technology
Problem-based learning technology
Project-based learning technology
Educational discussion technology
Technology educational business game

Table 2. Pedagogical technologies
Educational Technologies Group
Pedagogical technology
Traditional technologies
Explanatory and illustrative
educational technologies
Technologies based on activation and
intensification of student activities
Gaming technologies
Problem-based learning
Efficiency-based technologies
management and organization of educational
process
Level differentiation technology
training based on mandatory
results

Technology of individualization of training
Group technologies
Computer (new information)
educational technologies
Possible activities
analysis of historical literature and historical sources;
heuristic conversation;
lecture;
story;
discussion (debate);
role-playing games;
preparation and discussion of student reports;
preparation of multimedia presentations;
7

study of genealogical tables;
writing an abstract;
participation in quizzes, olympiads, creative competitions, etc.;
excursions to museums, libraries, etc.;
solving non-standard problems in the discipline;
project activities;
research activities.
The work of the circle is reflected on the stands in room No. 5. History.
Expected Results
The knowledge gained will help students gain a deeper understanding of the historical history being studied.
discipline, will be armed with historical knowledge, will give an idea of
activities and roles of historical figures in the history of Russia and will
encourage students to further penetrate the world of history. Well
allows you to get acquainted with the biographies of political, social,
Russian statesmen and little-known historical facts.
Timing of the program
This program is designed for the 2017-2018 academic year. The program is designed for
10 hours – 1 hour per month. Class time: first or second Thursday
every month.
Number of students in the group: 15-20 people.
8

Where was the Battle of Kulikovo? (1 hour)
proposed topics of the circle of various directions. Choice and
Topic 1. Developing a circle plan (1 hour)
Discussion
determining the theme of the circle. Approval of thematic planning.
Topic 2. Anna Yaroslavna: Russian princess on the French throne. (1 hour)
Personality characteristics of Anna Yaroslavovna. The history of the transformation of Russian
Princess Anne to Queen of France. Letters from Queen Anne to her father, Prince Yaroslav.
Historical evidence in France about Queen Anne.
Topic 3. The mystery of Alexander Nevsky. (1 hour)
The offensive of the Crusaders. Alexander Yaroslavovich Nevsky. Prince's choice. Struggle
against Swedish and German knights. The nature of Alexander's relationship
Nevsky
with the Golden Horde. Assessment of the activities of Alexander Nevsky
foreign and domestic historians.
Topic 4.
Official location version. New versions of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences
together with archaeologists of the State Historical Museum and staff
State Military Historical and Natural Museum Reserve
"Kulikovo Field".
Topic 5. Ushkuiniki - the founders of the Cossacks? (1 hour)
The origin of the nickname of the Novgorod povolniks is “ushkuiniki”. Basic
Ushkuiniki classes. Warriors or pirates. Confrontation between Ushkuiniki Zolotoy
horde. Relocation of the Ushkuiniks to the Don, Volga, Perm and Vyatka forests during
Moscow Prince Ivan III. Ushkuiniki - founders of the Cossacks?
Topic 6. Secrets of Ermak’s grave. (1 hour).
The development of Siberia is one of the most remarkable pages in Russian history. Feat
Ermak, who conquered Siberia for Russia. Mysteries in the biography of Ermak. Death
Ermak. The similarity of the mystery of the burial of two opponents of the Cossack Ermak and
Siberian Khan Kuchum.
Topic 7. The legend of the Bronze Horseman on the Neva (1 hour).
History of the creation of the monument. Legends about the ghost of Peter I and the monument
reformer Peter I. The history of the name of the monument “The Bronze Horseman”.
Topic 8. Secret treasures of Catherine the Great (1 hour).
History of the Bobrinsky count family. Versions about the treasures of the count's family
Bobrinsky - truth and fiction. Historical versions and research by historians
XX century. Historical versions and studies of modern historians.
Topic 9. Why did Russia sell Alaska to America? (1 hour).
Disputes about the reasons for selling Alaska to America. Evidence and documents of the transaction.
Benefit or harm for Russia in the 19th century. Modern assessment of the event.
Topic 10. Time machine: lost discovery (1 hour).
Movement of worker inventors in the 1930s-1940s. Ivan Bolshakov, young
worker of the Voronezh plant named after the Comintern and his invention. Fate
inventions.
10

3. SUBJECT CALENDAR PLANNING
MUG “SECRETS OF RUSSIAN HISTORY”
№ Lesson topic
1
2
3
4
5
6
Developing a circle plan
Anna Yaroslavna: Russian princess
on the French throne
The mystery of Alexander Nevsky
Where was the Battle of Kulikovo?
Ushkuiniki - founders
Cossacks?
The mystery of the grave of the Cossack Ermak
7 The legend of the Bronze Horseman on
8
9
Neve
Catherine's secret treasures
Great
Why did Russia sell to America?
Alaska?
10 Lost Time Machine
opening.
date
carrying out
September
October 12
2017
November 2
2017
December 7
2017
January 11
2018
1st of February
2018
March 1
2018
5th of April
2018
May 3
2018
June 7
2018
Responsible Note
Osipova S.V.
Members of the circle
Osipova S.V.
Members of the circle
Osipova S.V.
Members of the circle
Osipova S.V.
Members of the circle
Osipova S.V.
Members of the circle
Osipova S.V.
Members of the circle
Osipova S.V.
Members of the circle
Osipova S.V.
Members of the circle
Osipova S.V.
Members of the circle
Osipova S.V.
Members of the circle
11

4. Methodological conditions for the implementation of the program
1. Amelkin, A.O., Kretinin, S.V., Filyushkin, A.I. World history in faces
for children. Voronezh, 1998.
2. Anisimov, E.V. History of Russia from Rurik to Putin. People. Events. Dates.
St. Petersburg, 2013.
3. Benediktov, N.A., Benediktova, N.E., Bazurin, E.N. Russian Encyclopedia
stories. – M., 2000.
4. Wursta, N.I. History of Russia: Dates, events, personalities. Rn/D: Phoenix, 2013.
5. Nepomnyashchy, Nikolai. 100 great mysteries of Russian history. M., 2006.
6. Shkolnik, Yu.K. History of Russia: From ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century:
Complete encyclopedia / Yu.K. Schoolboy. M.: Eksmo, 2012.
Internet resources:
1. http://rsl.ru Internet repository of the Russian State Library
2. http://www.hist.ru – historical almanac “Labyrinth of Times”
3. http://www.historia.ru – electronic magazine “World of History”
4. http://www.historic.ru/books/index.shtml historical library
5. http://tainy.net Mysteries of history
6. http://www.hrono.info/literatura.html Chronos library
7. http://www/museum.ru Museums of Russia
EOR
1. Presentations on the topics of the circle.
2. Film library on topics of the circle.
12

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school No. 21 with in-depth study of individual subjects"

Club program “Behind the pages of a history lesson.”

Implementation period: 2013-2014 academic year.

Age: 6th grade.

history and social studies teacher

Cherepovets, 2013

Explanatory note

According to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education, the “Behind the Pages of a History Lesson” group is organized according to a general intellectual orientation.

This program is developed on the basis of a competency-based approach to education. In the conditions of modern society, when reliable information becomes outdated in a matter of hours, acquiring independent work skills through project activities will be important and useful for students studying in this program.

The goal of the educational program of the circle “Behind the Pages of a History Lesson” is to develop the personality of students through the formation of skills in independent cognitive activity (including using project activities) taking into account age characteristics.

Objectives of the additional educational program:

Training - expanding knowledge about the main events, phenomena and processes of social life in the history of Russia and foreign countries, developing research skills (such as working with historical sources, description (reconstruction), elements of analysis and explanation, working with versions and assessments), the ability to apply acquired knowledge and skills in practical everyday activities, develop creative abilities through the selection of differentiated tasks, increase motivation for studying history and social studies through the use of non-standard teaching techniques;

Development of research skills (posing research questions, formulating problems, putting forward hypotheses, drawing up a work plan, testing hypotheses, identifying information from different sources, systematizing information, presenting results in different forms (diagram, table, oral and written communication, skills in creating a project and its protection), communication skills (working together in groups to collect and analyze the necessary information, the ability to reasonably express one’s own point of view and listen to others’ points of view);

Fostering an active civic position, values ​​for understanding and awareness of the need to study world history, a sense of citizenship and patriotism using the example of the life and work of famous figures of our Motherland.

A special feature of the circle program “Behind the Pages of a History Lesson” is that the content of the circle classes allows you to learn about those aspects of social life that remain outside the scope of history textbooks, but at the same time are of the greatest interest. The interesting knowledge content of the circle's classes will make it possible to more effectively organize work on the formation of research and communicative competence, and the use of non-traditional teaching methods will make this process more interesting and exciting.

The program is designed for 6th grade students.

Program implementation period: 2013-2014 academic year. year.

The “Behind the Pages of a History Lesson” circle includes theoretical and practical parts. Forms of organizing classes combine individual and group forms of work, holding various games and competitions using differentiated tasks. The circle lasts 34 hours, one hour per week.

Expected results:

Acquisition by students of primary knowledge about the place and role of Cherepovets and our region in the history of the Fatherland;

Acquiring knowledge about the main problems and personalities of domestic and world history;

master various forms and methods of searching for knowledge (reference books at home, in the library, on the Internet)

Mastering the skills of independent research and design activities;

Mastering group work skills;

Mastering the skills of speaking in front of an audience.

Forms for summing up the implementation of an additional educational program: a notebook with notes and assignments, finished projects (abstracts, presentations, etc.).

Educational and thematic plan

Methodological support

Bibliography

Literature for teachers:

Russian history. (Russia in world civilization) / Ed. A.A. Radugina. M., 1997. Topic 1.

World History./Ed. G.D. Polyak and A.N. Markova. M., 1997. Introductory chapter.

History of Russia in questions and answers. /Ed. S.A. Kislitsina. Rostov n./D, 1997. Preface. Sec. No. 1-2

Blok M., Apology of History. M., 1986.

Gubman B.L. The meaning of the story. M., 1991

Toynbee A. J. Comprehension of history. M., 1991.

Spengler O. Decline of Europe. M.: 1993. T. 1

Jaspers K. The meaning and purpose of history. M., 1991

Barg M.A. Epochs and ideas. The formation of historicism. M., 1987

Le Goff Jacques. From heaven to earth // Odysseus. 1991.

Gumilev L.N. Ethnogenesis and biosphere of the Earth. M., 1990.

Danilevsky N. Ya. Russia and Europe. M., 1991.

Tavrizyan G.M., O. Spengler, J. Huizinga: Two concepts of the crisis of culture. M., 1988

The World History. /Ed. G.D. Polyak and A.N. Markova. M., 1997. Chapters 3.2, 4.2.

Ancient civilizations. M., 1990.

History of Europe. M., 1996.

Blok M., Feudal society. //Blok M., Apology of history. M., 1986.

Cardini F. Origins of medieval chivalry. M., 1987.

Ossovskaya M., Knight and bourgeois. M., 1987.

Huizinga. J. Autumn of the Middle Ages. M., 1988.

Grekov I.G. World of history: Russian lands in the XII – XV centuries. M., 1986.

Gumilev L.N. From Rus' to Russia. M., 1992.

History of the Fatherland: people, ideas, decisions. T. 1. M., 1991.

Kurbatov G.L., Frolov E.D., Froyanov I.Ya. Christianity. Antiquity. Byzantium. Ancient Rus'. L., 1988.

Where did the Russian land come from? Century VI-X. Book 1-2. M., 1986.

Pushkarev. S.G. Review of Russian history. M., 1991.

Rybakov B.A. The world of history: the initial centuries of Russian history. M., 1987.

Slavs and their neighbors: the place of mutual influences in the process of social and cultural development. M., 1988.

Froyanov I.Ya., Dvornichenko A.Yu. City-states of Ancient Rus'. L., 1988.

Christianity and Rus'. M., 1988.

Church, society, state in feudal Russia. M., 1990.

Savelov L.M. Lectures on genealogy. – M. 1994

Literature for students:

Encyclopedia on the history of Russia (862-1917). M., 2002.

Alexandrov V.N. History of Russian art: A short reference book for schoolchildren. – Mn.: Harvest, 2007.

Myths and legends of the peoples of the world / Comp. N. Budur and I. Pankeev. – M.: OLMA-PRESS, 2000.

Brockhaus F.A., Efron I.A. Russia. Illustrated encyclopedic dictionary. – M.: Eksmo, 2007.

Egorov V.L. Golden Horde: myths and reality. M., 1990.

Problem book on the history of the Ancient World./S.N.Smirnov. – St. Petersburg, 1999.

World History: In 24 volumes - Mn.: Literature, 1996.

Internet resources:

www.igh.ru/inet_res/ir_jrn.htm - electronic journals on history

www.hist.msu.ru/ER/sources.htm - historical sources on the Internet (collection of electronic resources on history)

www.zpu-journal.ru/e-zpu/ - electronic journal on history “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill".

www.encyclopedia.ru – the world of encyclopedias

myfhology.narod.ru – mythological encyclopedia

www.MojGorod.ru - “People's encyclopedia “My City””. All cities of Russia.

www.KM-school.ru/r1/media/a1.asp-KM-school. Information educational resources.

macbion.narod.ru – Riddles and secrets of the twentieth century. Electronic encyclopedia.

www.websib.ru/noos/history/own.php - Personality in History

tabularium.narod.ru - Project "Tabularium: personality V stories"is dedicated to people - contemporaries of grandiose historical events, bearers of rare qualities, or people whose views were ahead of their time.

www.topos.ru/veer/47/zheleznjak.htm - On the regularity of the historical process and the possibility of historical foresight

www.emc.komi.com/02/03/126.htm - Auxiliary historical disciplines

festival.1september.ru/articles/413897 - Project activities in history lessons. Supplement to the newspaper “September 1”

http://rulers.narod.ru/index.html World history in faces. The site is dedicated to great people in human history. In addition to biographies of historical figures, information about royal dynasties, various maps and diagrams are provided.