What does housing maintenance consist of? Current repairs - what is it?

Any building becomes unusable over time. Communications fail, wall decoration deteriorates, and the roof begins to leak moisture. To ensure that the house does not lose its original characteristics, it must be regularly maintained and repaired.

Home maintenance and repairs: what is it and when is it carried out?

Therefore, current home repairs can be generally described as carrying out work to restore the original characteristics of building elements, prevent malfunctions, and restore the original resource of the entire structure and its individual parts.

To find out in detail what is included in the maintenance of a residential premises, you should familiarize yourself with Government Decree No. 491 of August 13, 2006. The document sets out the basic rules for determining property that belongs to the common property of the residents of the house and the requirements for its maintenance.

In accordance with this act, maintenance and current repairs include:

cleaning stairs, vestibules, attics and basements, garbage chutes, garbage chambers and other auxiliary rooms;
maintenance of the central heating system - flushing, preservation for the summer;
removal of solid waste, disposal of liquid waste;
ensuring fire safety;
maintaining the functionality of the power supply system;
maintenance of landscaping and landscaping elements;
measures to save energy and improve energy efficiency at home;
maintenance of sewerage and water supply systems;
inspection and repair of the roof of the building;
other operations.

As you can see, state control is exercised over the condition of apartment buildings.

Owners cannot voluntarily exclude any services from the established list. Such actions may result in the building not meeting normal safety requirements.

Paragraph 18 of Resolution No. 491 indicates that repairs to common property in an apartment building are carried out by decision of the owners. However, it is not always possible to hold general meetings in order to approve the implementation of certain works.

Therefore, all operations are divided into several categories:

Planned. Conducted according to a predetermined schedule. For example, preparing communications for the heating season.
Unscheduled. For example, during a regular inspection, cracks were identified on the facade of a house. To eliminate them, it is necessary to develop an action plan and approve a budget.
Emergency. The implementation of which cannot wait until the convening of the general meeting. The category of urgent repairs usually includes the elimination of the consequences of a broken water supply pipe.

All issues related to ongoing repairs are resolved by the HOA, a general meeting, or upon concluding an agreement with the management company.

What relates to the current repair of an apartment building, what is included in the list of works

Foundation maintenance:

examination of reinforcement for corrosion;
search for uneven settlement of the structure;
checking for cracks, swelling and other damage to the concrete structure;
checking the condition of waterproofing materials;
elimination of identified faults.

Maintenance of basements of apartment buildings:

checking compliance with the proper levels of temperature and humidity;
preventing basement flooding;
monitoring the condition of the premises and its entrances to avoid clutter and pollution;

Maintaining the walls of the house in proper condition: identifying cracks and damage and eliminating them in a timely manner.
Maintenance of water supply, sewerage, central heating. This includes:

pipe cleaning;
replacement of individual parts;
installation of new communications.

Replacement and repair of door frames, window frames, partitions located in common areas.
Replacement and restoration of the roof, strengthening of floors.
Troubleshooting furnace equipment.
Restoring draft in ventilation.
Replacement or restoration of individual sections of flooring.
External landscaping:

repair of sidewalks and pedestrian paths;
landscaping;
restoration of flower beds;
renovation of sports and children's playgrounds.

The specific list is established by the contractors. It depends on the age and equipment of the house, as well as on the desire of apartment owners to incur additional costs.

Differences from major repairs

Current and major repairs of apartment buildings are similar in essence. This is a specific list of measures aimed at maintaining the building in the form in which it was intended during design.

These works differ according to several criteria:

By frequency. Major repairs are carried out once every few decades, in accordance with operating standards. Some maintenance operations are carried out every year.
Tasks. Major repairs are aimed at restoring the integrity of load-bearing structures and replacing obsolete communications. The purpose of routine repairs is to eliminate minor faults and prevent excessive wear.
Budget. Residents of the house constantly deduct a certain amount for major repairs. And after accumulating the required amount, the work can be carried out.
Reasons for carrying out. Major repairs are carried out in accordance with established standards for each model of apartment building. Current repairs are carried out based on the results of current observations of specialists. Major repairs are more aimed at the planned replacement of elements. So, as part of this event, water supply pipes will be replaced, since their service life has expired. Even if they are in satisfactory condition.

List of works that can be included additionally

Owners of common property, that is, apartment owners, at a general meeting can agree on any additional repairs. The management company will cope with any work if the budget is approved. So, if residents want to update the facade or restore sidewalks, then finding a contractor will not be difficult.

The list of works is updated by signing an additional agreement with the service company. In such a situation, the cost of ongoing repairs will increase accordingly.

Types of work that are never carried out as part of routine repairs

Direct repairs to the residential premises are carried out by its owner.

The list of routine repairs does not include:

Repair of windows, balconies, entrance doors, insulation of these elements, if they are part of apartments.
Repair and replacement of meters, electrical control panels.
Installation and retrofitting of fire panels, installation of smoke detectors and fire detectors.
Redecoration of common areas: painting walls and whitewashing ceilings
Replacement or modernization of elevators.
Insulation of external walls, cosmetic repairs of facades.
Replacement of parts of the building: floors, stairs, etc.

An expanded list of works can be established at a general meeting of apartment owners.

Who carries out current repairs

The developer until the transfer of property to apartment owners. After the construction of a building, it can remain on the balance sheet of the construction organization for a long time.
Homeowners' association, housing cooperative or other cooperative that was created to manage common property. In this case, repairs can be carried out either by specially hired workers or by a contractor.
Management Company. Maintenance of an apartment building is most often carried out by a special organization, which has the necessary experience and staff with appropriate qualifications.

The developer or HOA can carry out the work on their own. But usually current repairs are entrusted to a specific service organization, for example, a management company.

In some cases, the management company engages third parties. For example, if there are no employees with the required qualifications. A contract for work is concluded, and the contractor performs maintenance or routine repairs on a reimbursable basis.

Payment for current repairs of an apartment building

Any work aimed at the current maintenance of housing is carried out at the expense of its owners.

The Housing Code of the Russian Federation in Article 154 contains a list of expenses that are covered by monthly payments of apartment owners and tenants. Among other things, expenses for maintenance of common property and routine repairs are indicated there.

If apartment owners have formed an HOA, then the fee for the work may be part of the regular membership fees.

Current repairs are not performed or performed poorly, where to contact

The main problem with the ongoing maintenance and repair of apartment buildings remains the lack of proper control over the actions of contractors.

All results of operations carried out as part of maintenance and routine repairs are subject to delivery to the owners of the common property. Owners must evaluate the quality of the work performed.

If the management company violates the established procedure for carrying out routine repairs, or performs work of poor quality, then you should contact it with a written complaint. The homeowners' representative should indicate their comments in the work acceptance certificate. And demand free elimination of deficiencies.

If the negotiation method does not help, then you should contact the municipal housing inspectorate with a complaint. If violations are discovered, state representatives will hold the management company accountable and issue an order to eliminate repair deficiencies.

To get a good result from the maintenance and ongoing repairs of your home, you should familiarize yourself with the documentation prepared by the management company. For example, a work plan and an estimate. It is best to create an HOA and select a person whose job will be to monitor the ongoing repairs.

Citizens' monthly bills for services often contain the item “home maintenance.” Not every person fully understands to whom and, most importantly, for what he pays a certain amount of money for such a service. Having noticed this trend, our resource decided to help everyone understand the term “home maintenance”, determine what is included in the complex of these procedures, and generally consider the essence of such an interesting concept.

What is home maintenance? Photo No. 1

According to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, there are two types of territorial units in houses:

individual property of citizens (apartments, balconies, etc.);
shared ownership of all residents of the house (basements, attics, roofs, facades, staircases, entrances, etc.).

If their owners are responsible for the first territories, then responsibility for the safety and proper appearance of shared property is imposed on all residents of the apartment building.

regular inspections of the condition of the house, which allow us to identify the need for one or another repair measure;
current home repairs, eliminating minor problems with the home (collapse of plaster in the entrance, burst pipes in the basement, etc.);
major home repairs associated with the elimination of fairly large structural defects (wall collapse, re-equipment of water supply, elimination of electrical wiring defects, etc.);
seasonal maintenance (caring for flower beds in the entrance area, painting facades, knocking down icicles, clearing snow from the roof, etc.);
various kinds of additional services related to keeping the house clean and tidy (washing windows, cleaning the walls of entrances, cleaning them, etc.).

The most accurate list of services included in the maintenance of the house is recorded in the corresponding agreement, which is concluded by the residents of the building with the building management company. A copy of this should be available to each resident of an apartment building or, at a minimum, to the head of the congregation of a particular entrance. By decision of the same meeting of residents, they have every right to refuse certain services that they either do not need or are not properly provided.

Who does home maintenance?

What organizations provide home maintenance? Photo No. 3

It is worth noting that if the congregation refuses to cooperate with the management company due to the cost of its services, they will either have to find a new organization and cooperate with it, or organize maintenance themselves.

The receipt for paying utility bills for residents of apartment buildings includes the column “current maintenance of housing.” Payment for housing maintenance and tariffs is regulated by Article 154 of the Housing Code. The management company receives a fixed monthly payment for the maintenance and ongoing major repairs of an apartment building. But what is included in the payment for housing maintenance and what type of service should the utility service provide remains a mystery to many residents. The question of what is included in the maintenance and repair of housing also remains a mystery.

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The activities of utility companies, the establishment of tariffs and the procedure for payment of services by consumers are regulated by the Housing Code of the Russian Federation. Article 154 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation describes in detail the rules for maintaining common property for an apartment building. These rules were created to regulate relationships relating to the maintenance of common property, which is shared ownership among the residents of an apartment building.

Maintaining a house involves a set of works to ensure repairs and maintenance of common property and communications, which are carried out by a responsible utility company. House maintenance services must be carried out after the start of operation during the period of existence of the building.
According to Article 154 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the concept of common property means:

Premises that are not residential, i.e. not covering the territory of apartments, intended for the common use of residents of the house. These include public premises: elevator, corridor, staircase, as well as boiler rooms, basements, technical floors, attics and built-in garages.
Roofs.
Fences and structures of the house that are load-bearing: foundation, load-bearing walls, railings, doors and curbs.
Mechanical, electrical and other technical equipment located on or outside the home.
The territory on which the house is located. The total area of the plot is determined on the basis of state cadastral registration.
Other objects that are located within the land plot allocated to this building and are created for the maintenance and operation of an apartment building. These include car parks, playgrounds, transformer substations, etc.

The powers to decide what is included in the maintenance of housing in an apartment building are vested in:

Owners of premises in an apartment building.
Authorized government bodies.
Authorized local government bodies.

A comprehensive list of services on the issue of what is included in the housing maintenance article should be drawn up at a general meeting by the resident of the house in the presence of a housing and communal services representative.

Important! The cost of services, as well as established tariffs, may differ depending on the region of residence; exact information must be specified in the agreement with the management company.

What is included in housing maintenance?

What work is included in housing maintenance? And is cleaning the entrance included in the maintenance of the home? Let's figure it out. So, the list of services includes:

On a regular basis, authorized persons inspect the common property of an apartment building. The inspection is carried out to assess the current technical condition of the object.
Ensuring lighting of all premises intended for public use.
Cleaning and maintaining sanitary and hygiene standards in public areas.
Maintaining temperature and humidity standards in public areas, in accordance with state regulations.
Ensuring fire safety standards for an apartment building.
Timely removal of household waste in solid and liquid form, including garbage generated as a result of the operation of enterprises located on the premises (under a rental agreement).
Seasonal operation of improvement facilities, including cleaning and landscaping of the site.
Planned provision of required current or major repairs of public property as needed.

Garbage removal is also included in housing maintenance. To do this, the management company enters into an agreement with a contractor. The garbage collection schedule must be agreed upon with residents at a public meeting. Household waste must be removed once a day.
The housing maintenance and repair column provides that the roof is repaired by the management company at the expense of previously paid payments. Roof repairs must be carried out as planned, and annually the management company must carry out an examination to determine whether the roof is faulty. Roof maintenance is carried out annually. Major repairs are also included in the maintenance of housing, but services for it are charged in a separate column.

The payment for housing maintenance provides for landscaping of the local area during the warm period. The frequency of seasonal cleaning of the territory, planting and mowing of lawns is also decided at a general housing meeting. Cleaning the area and watering the lawns should be done daily, and the grass should be mowed at least once every 2 weeks.

Where to go if the Management Company does not fulfill its obligations to maintain housing?

In case the residents of the house are dissatisfied with the work of the housing and communal services, it is necessary to draw up a protocol at the general meeting, collect the signatures of all residents and contact the management company to resolve this issue. In situations where the management company did not listen to the residents’ appeal, a repeated protocol with signatures is drawn up and certified by a notary. This protocol may be the basis for filing a lawsuit against the housing and communal services.

Important! To go to court on issues of major housing repairs, an examination is carried out, which is carried out at the expense of the residents. The owners also have the right to demand the management company return this amount through the court.

Yesterday, our newspaper, having heard complaints from residents of apartment buildings about unreasonable overpayments for housing maintenance, called on them, as the law dictates, to hold meetings and set their own tariffs for housing maintenance.

As people admit, the line in the receipt “housing maintenance” is the most closed. In their letters to the newspaper, they again and again ask to break down the “cipher” into its components.

In fact, there is no secret. Read the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, Art. 154 “Structure of payment for residential premises and utilities”: “Payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises for both the tenant and the owner, includes fees for services and work on managing an apartment building, maintenance and current repairs of common property in an apartment building home."

But it is better for each tenant to have a residential complex with comments. In the comments we read: housing maintenance includes “maintenance of the common property of a residential building, including the basement, attic, entrance and roof; maintenance of general communications, technical devices, including elevators and meters, as well as technical premises of a residential building; removal of household waste; maintenance of the local area."

In more detail, the maintenance of the common property of a residential building also includes sanitary cleaning of the housing stock, that is, the very notorious washing of entrances. If residents, without waiting for this service from the management company, wash the stairwells themselves, they have every right to ask the management company whether they are charging them money for this.

What do people know about what is included in the “maintenance of housing”?

Olga SOLDATOVA, Russian language teacher:

I know about this column, where the funds are spent I also know approximately, but not completely. I think that for cleaning the local area and entrances, replacing equipment (light bulbs and other nonsense), routine repairs of entrances, roofs, entrance areas, pipes and children's playgrounds. Control... but how can you control? I went once, when our road was not cleaned in winter, the housing office replied that cleaning was on schedule, and it was our turn in two weeks... So what can you do? On the one hand, the snow is not removed from the road, but on the other hand, there is a queue. True, it is somewhat confusing that in this same column, for example, payment for the services of the Unified Center is included...

Kuzma EFREMOV, pensioner:

But tell me yourself, what do they spend their money on? I always thought that they save for several years, and then they do repairs in the entrance, outside, or maybe they change the risers and batteries. But we haven’t done anything for many, many years; the plaster is falling everywhere. We went to find out how much had accumulated there; they said a meager amount. You can only buy a can of paint. Where did the money go? We clean the entrance ourselves, we put up the bench ourselves, the girls laid out the flower beds themselves, and hauled up the soil themselves. The neighbors even brought the asphalt chips from somewhere, leveled them, built a place for their cars, and beautifully installed bollards. They asked to bring sand for the children, but they refused, they said, it’s not allowed for you, because the house is small, there are only eight apartments...

Maria VASILYEVA, resident of a house in Yekaterinburg, serviced by a management company:

In the receipts for payment for housing and communal services that I receive, there is a column “Housing maintenance and maintenance”. And all the components of this column are listed right there. This is, for example, maintenance of elevators, remuneration for the services of the management company.

It’s very good that they started deciphering expenses on receipts. Previously, I had to find out all this from accountant friends. But the question remains as to how legal the prices and tariffs displayed in the receipt are. For example, I have to pay 1.28 rubles per square meter as remuneration for the services of the management company. Why?

It’s interesting that no matter how much I count expenses, my payment for housing maintenance turns out to be higher than the upper limit set by our Regional Energy Commission, 20 rubles 52 kopecks per square meter.

Arseny RANTSEV, leading specialist of a financial company:

I see price increases on the receipt all the time, but I don’t pay much attention to which specific column is changing. I know that of the total amount, a very large percentage falls on heating and water. As for the maintenance of housing, this, in my opinion, is not such a significant figure for the wallet. But its increase must also be justified. I don’t even know exactly what services are included in it. Probably cleaning the entrance and something like that. I heard that the amount of payment for housing maintenance should be determined by the residents themselves. We don't have that. A receipt arrives with some numbers on it. I don’t know who defined them. But for now, most of us don’t care how or what we pay for; nothing will change.

Natalya GUBANOVA, accountant of the construction company Ambienter BAL LLC:

I can’t list everything exactly, but I think that “housing maintenance” includes expenses for current repairs, payment for the work of plumbers and janitors, garbage removal, cleaning of entrances our floors are washed once a week. As I understand it, the money indicated by this line in the payment is necessary for the functioning of the management company or HOA itself. After all, payments for hot water or electricity are transferred to those who provide these services to residents.

I think that different HOAs and management companies have slightly different lists of what is included in the concept of “housing maintenance.” So, once in our five-story building, on the initiative of the senior person at the entrance, after collecting the signatures of the residents, the maintenance of the intercom was included in the “maintenance of housing,” but now this is a separate line in the receipt. I know that in some houses this may include payment for a concierge, if the residents of the house agree to this...

Elena KALININA, Ekaterinburg:

Previously, we lived in a panel house, but now it is made of foam concrete. We immediately noticed that the cost of the receipt had increased. The old house had gas, but this one has an electric stove, and that turns out to be more expensive. When in winter I pay almost five thousand rubles for a three-room apartment where three people live - it’s a shame to pay that kind of money.

Among the receipts for utility services, owners have some questions about those that indicate “housing maintenance”: namely, what is included in this concept. A detailed answer to the question is given in the article.

First of all, it is necessary to analyze the requirements of current legislation. The main document regulating the housing and communal services sector is the Housing Code. Article 154 states that each owner, as well as the tenant (meaning a citizen who has entered into a social tenancy agreement) must pay not only for the utilities themselves, but also for the maintenance of the premises.

The same article provides a detailed description of what exactly the concept includes:

home management;
maintenance and repair work on common property;
payment for all types of utilities (electricity, water supply, heating, sanitation)

That is, in essence, we are talking about the costs that are associated with property related to common ownership, as well as with the management of the entire house. At the same time, directly The management company is responsible for the maintenance (physically) of the house, with which each owner enters into an agreement (usually the choice of company is made on).

Since the Code, like any other federal law, provides only general guidelines and does not specify a specific list of work to maintain common property in order, it is important to pay attention to other documents. Of particular importance is the Methodological Manual, which reveals and details the concept, and also indicates what exactly is included in it.

The structure of the work is conventionally divided into 2 blocks - maintenance of common property and its current repair. In particular, the Management Company is obliged to:

carry out technical supervision, monitoring the condition of all objects at established intervals;
prepare all facilities for the warm and cold seasons in accordance with the schedule;
maintain proper sanitary condition of the house and the area around it (cleaning, washing the entrance, windows, etc.);
immediate elimination of the emergency situation and its consequences.

The elimination times are indicated in the table.

And here is a table with standards for maintaining sanitary order in an apartment building.

Schematically, everything that is included in the concept can be represented as follows:

Detailed list of services

the actual maintenance of the property (walls, roofs, windows, etc.)
maintenance of communication networks and devices. A simplified description is presented below.

This group includes the following works:

removing remnants of damaged finishes from walls;
removing snow and ice from the roof;
closing the entrance to the attic and basement, other rooms;
cleaning the drain (pipe for drainage from the roof);
treatment of wooden elements with antiseptics;
trash can service;
maintenance of all elements of the porch;
maintaining the normal condition of doors and windows;
insulation of openings if necessary (old doors and windows).

Maintenance

Utilities and all technical facilities that support the life of an apartment building are maintained:

preservation, washing and pressure testing of the heating system;
cleaning the ventilation system;
insulation of pipelines;
replacement of all faulty lamps;
24-hour emergency elevator maintenance;
taking meter readings that track general household expenses;
removing waste from the garbage chute and disinfecting it;
sanitary work (cleaning, washing, etc.).

Troubleshooting

This means the following works:

replacement of small sections of any water pipelines (no more than 200 cm);
removing blockages;
eliminating leaks;
welding work - if necessary;
repair of electrical panels;
pumping water from basements;
other work that needs to be performed to immediately eliminate the consequences of the accident.

It is important to understand that a specific list of services – i.e. that work may differ in each case. Information must be specified in the agreement concluded with the Management Company. A sample agreement is available on the organization’s website or directly in the office. It can also be found from the house manager or other representatives of the owners.