Examples of humanity in Russian literature. Humanity is the most important phenomenon of literature - an essay based on stories by V
Meleshchenko Irina
Article based on materials from writers of the XX-XXI centuries. on the topic "Humanity is one of the most important phenomena reflected in Russian literature."
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Humanity is one of the most important phenomena reflected in Russian literature
Meleshchenko I., student of State Budgetary Educational Institution Secondary School No. 510
Issues of humanity have always interested people, since they directly affected everyone living on earth. But they are especially acute in our “cruel age”, full of extreme situations for all mankind. Many writers set out to reveal the theme of love for people in their works, some from the point of view of conflict, some from the point of view of humanistic reasoning. This theme is reflected with particular skill in the works of our contemporaries, such wonderful writers as Anatoly Georgievich Aleksin, Vladislav Petrovich Krapivin, Vasil Vladimirovich Bykov. Almost every story or story by these authors is a hymn to humanity.
Consider, for example, the story by A. G. Aleksin “Meanwhile, somewhere...” This book is a cry for help, an exposure of indifference and official phrases, a search for personality in a crowd of ordinary people, a search for a heart that is still capable of feeling the suffering of others.
The work is not particularly original in its plot, but it can be read in one breath, as the complex and original characters of the Russian people emerge behind the apparent simplicity.
The main theme of the story was the relationship between Serezha Emelyanov and his father’s first wife, Nina Georgievna.
Their acquaintance begins on the day when Seryozha receives two letters: one from his father, the other from Nina Georgievna, which fell into his hands completely by accident. The heroine has suffered a misfortune that she has no one to tell about except her ex-husband: her adopted son Shurik is leaving her for her real parents. And Seryozha decides to replace his father, lending a strong shoulder to the man who in an instant became close and dear to him.
From this moment begins the thorny path of the child’s moral quest, tossing between his own family, ardent love for his mother and father, the desire to hide everything that is happening for the sake of the peace of his family, and the desire to save him from despair by lending a helping hand.
Seryozha is contrasted with a world of indifferent people, deaf to the misfortune of others. These are Shurik, his parents, Nina Georgievna’s students and many others. The boy fights philistinism in others and suppresses it in himself, with his mind looking for a way to retreat: “... After all, I didn’t tell her firmly and confidently that I would come,” but with his heart he still strives for a person close in spirit. But it’s difficult for a child. He, squeezed in the grip of rules and common sense, is looking for justification for his arrival (guided, again, by humanity, concern for his best friend, whom with all his soul he wants to cure from shyness), looking for loopholes, afraid to go straight among cruel and “empty-hearted” people . And then Nina Georgievna comes to his aid, extending the words like a life preserver: “To leave a person, you sometimes have to come up with false reasons. Because the true ones can be too cruel. But to come, you don’t need to invent anything. You just have to come, that’s all...”
An adult woman finds a friend and like-minded person in Seryozha. Of course, the boy, like everyone else at his age, is characterized by ardor and maximalism, but in essence he is just as kind and sympathetic, just as capable of understanding the pain of other people, like Nina Georgievna. It is very difficult for the two of them to fight against the coldness of people’s hearts. The main characters, saving each other, try to melt the ice around them. She sincerely wants to help his friend Anton, and Seryozha, having seen Shurik off, takes his key, not yet knowing why - it’s just what his heart tells him.
The hero of the story, in a dispute with indifferent adults, defends his right to be friends with whomever you want, to dream about whatever you want, to live as you want in your own joyful and honest world.
I remember the words of V. Krapivin: “If someone at this moment calls for help... Well... Hurry there, be the rider yourself!” It is this role of the rider that Sergei Emelyanov plays in the life of a simple school doctor. The heroine is full of unspent love, she needs support and understanding.
But Seryozha strives to help not only her. The good seeds thrown into his soul by Nina Georgievna have sprouted and will not wither anymore, fueled by the sincere, bright impulses of the child. The boy puts a load belonging to his father onto his thin childish shoulders. For what? Out of duty? Not at all. Seryozha himself answers this question, believing that “the need to become someone’s protector and deliverer came as the first call of male adulthood.” He is right in believing that you cannot forget the person who began to need you.
And what about Nina Georgievna? She happily leaned on the offered shoulder and became a consumer? Yes, this is so against her nature as a person who lives for the sake of others that it’s ridiculous to even talk about it. No, she repays Seryozha a hundredfold for his kindness, revealing to the child the “fourth dimension” of the world - life for others. And let them object that the highest happiness is one’s own joy. But this will be said by selfish and flawed people. Anatoly Aleksin sees the highest manifestation of humanity in giving oneself to others, tearing out one’s heart, like Gorky’s Danko, and illuminating the path for people walking behind.
Nina Georgievna lives for the sake of others, strict with herself, but incredibly kind to others. Her words: “This is understandable!” - addressed to every person, to any action, which testifies to her boundless love for other people.
Seryozha, who adopted her ideas and judgments, firmly adheres to his chosen path. And when fate again tests his strength, putting on one scale the long-awaited summer vacation by the sea, and on the other - a trip to Nina Georgievna, the child passes the test with honor, difficult for an adult as well. The family, who know nothing, accuses him of being “wingless,” and his father even gives as an example a comparison of a person’s life with a route that must be taken exactly on schedule. The answer of the unbroken Seryozha is painfully deep and heartfelt: “And I thought that there are planes and trains that fly routes outside the schedule and outside the schedule. These are planes and trains for special purposes (the most important ones!): they help, they save...”
Humanity is manifested in the renunciation of one’s own interests in order for the life of a loved one to at least once flare up and shine with bright colors, sparkle with all the shades of the rainbow. You come to this conclusion after reading the subtle and heartfelt work of A.G. Aleksina.
These same ideas of humanism and humanity are found in many works of Vladislav Petrovich Krapivin, who wrote mainly about children and for children. This is exactly what the novel “The Boy with the Sword” is about. It describes the development of the personality of sixth-grader Seryozha Kakhovsky, whose character grows stronger before the reader’s eyes. Seryozha stands up for justice, finds himself in difficult trials, learns to take bold actions without hesitation and make the right choice between honor and dishonor.
The main character of the novel - an honest, brave and fair boy - is constantly forced to fight cowardice, meanness and betrayal. Having entrusted his comrades with a fairy tale about horsemen he had invented, Sergei faces misunderstanding, ridicule and ridicule. But suddenly, at the very moment when the boy is ready to cry from helplessness and injustice, a miracle happens - real horsemen suddenly appear and come to his defense: “And the most important horseman is dark, white-toothed, in a green shirt and a canvas budenovka with a cloth blue star - he said quietly: “Don’t trro-ogat...” It turned out that Alexey Borisovich Ivanov, a friend of the boy, called for help from his familiar students with the detachment. They played the role of Seryozha’s horsemen so brilliantly. However, such miracles happen, perhaps once in a lifetime, and the riders cannot come to everyone: “You are happy now, even calm. And at that moment someone calls for help. Do you think the riders are rushing there too?” To the question “What should I do?” Ivanov gives Seryozha advice: to be a horseman himself, and not necessarily on a horse and wearing a hat with a star.
The words spoken to Seryozha by journalist Ivanov did not remain an empty phrase. He really tries to hear when someone calls for help, and strives to provide that help. Seryozha stands up for second-grader Stasik Grachev, for the street kids whose ball was taken away by an adult hooligan. The boy always ends up where someone's scream is heard and tears are visible. And even when, in case of obedience and humility, he is awarded a long-awaited trip to Chersonesos, Sergei Kakhovsky remains true to his principles, standing up for random fellow travelers who are attacked by embittered adults. His own words sound as if echoed by the horsemen: “And as if from the side he heard his own voice: “Don’t touch!”
Krapivin's novel teaches not to put up with injustice, with cruelty, no matter where it manifests itself: in the yard, on the street, at school or in a distant country. His heroes care about everything. Whether a child is offended, whether hooligans have pestered someone, or whether their peer has been killed in Chile - the boys from “Espada” are always ready to draw their swords in defense of a person.
The authors of more serious and “adult” works raise questions of humanity no less acutely. One of the works in which the author reveals the theme of love for people is the story “Alpine Ballad” by Vasil Bykov. The Belarusian writer writes very often about the Great Patriotic War. It is in war, according to the author, that a person’s love for other people, the ability to compassion and empathy, caring and true heroism are most acutely manifested.
The heroes of this story are the Russian soldier Ivan Tereshka and the Italian girl Julia, who managed to escape from fascist captivity. Their meeting is accidental and unexpected. They spend several days and nights in the Alps, but the Germans still overtake the fugitives.
The very method of liberating desperate people from captivity is amazing. One of the prisoners sacrifices his life so that the others can be saved. He hits the bomb fuse with a sledgehammer, dies himself, but opens the way to salvation for his comrades. Isn't this a true feat of humanity?
Like his fellow sufferer, Ivan himself demonstrates his boundless love for people. He shares bread with a madman and helps Julia overcome the exhausting climb to the mountains. When the girl completely loses strength and cannot go further, Ivan carries her on his back to alpine meadows with blooming scarlet poppies and a high blue sky. This image of a peaceful meadow and the sky above demonstrates to readers the true skill of the author, who seems to exclaim: “Stop! Look around! Stop killing each other, because there is so much room for everyone on this vast, spacious and beautiful earth!”
Love for Ivan and Julia comes unexpectedly, very beautiful, big and real. The boy and girl do not understand each other's language well, but they hear and love with their hearts. They probably would have been happy and lived a long life if the Nazis had not overtaken them. Ivan dies in an unequal battle with the Germans and shepherds trained to kill people, but before his death he saves his beloved. Death for the sake of the lives of others is the slogan of Bykov’s heroes, this is their answer to all the evil and violence that is happening in the world.
Julia turns out to be worthy of Ivan. She continues to love him for many years. The girl gave birth to and raised their son Giovanni, who learned Russian perfectly and knew a lot about Belarus. Eighteen years later, Julia’s letter finally found Ivan’s relatives, and they learned about his feat. Julia's letter ends with the words: “With gratitude to everyone - who gave birth, raised and knew a Man who was truly Russian in kindness and worthy of admiration in his courage. Do not forget Him!”
Through the lips of his heroes, Bykov tells readers that, despite the darkness, bitterness and sadness that surround us, there is always room for love in the world. The love of a man for a woman, the love of a man for a man - this is the only weapon, according to the author, against evil and cruelty. “Alpine Ballad” is a story about three days in the life of a young man and girl who escaped from captivity. This is a story about three short days that contained an entire eternity. These are three days that gave the former concentration camp prisoners boundless love and hope for salvation. This is the author’s passionate appeal to give each other happiness and faith.
Maxim Gorky said: “Russian art is, first of all, a heartfelt art. Romantic love for man burned unquenchably in it, and the work of our artists, great and small, shines with this fire of love.” The works of the authors discussed above are a clear illustration of this statement. Through the words of the heroes and narrators, the author’s leisurely reflection is visible - the reflection of many people who have seen and known in life. In this reflection there is an affirmation of the greatness and beauty of what is truly human. Art should teach goodness. Russian writers see the ability of a pure human heart for good as the most precious wealth. “If we are strong and truly smart in anything, it is in doing a good deed,” they say. Anatoly Aleksin, Vsevolod Krapivin and Vasil Bykov believed and continue to believe in this.
(According to the text by B. Vasiliev)
essay-reasoning
I think B. Vasiliev, saying that
meant that Anna Fedotovna, struck by the cruel, inhuman act of the children, as a result of which she lost her only material connection with her dead son, died spiritually.
As proof of this idea, we will give examples from the text. Thus, the author writes about how the old woman did not like the girl’s tone, “defiant, full of pretension that was incomprehensible to her,” and also that the girl’s voice was so “officially inhuman.” The insult inflicted on Anna Fedotovna by the children was very rude, cruel and insulting, so the old woman’s soul could not bear it.
And in the continuation of the text B. Vasiliev says:
To summarize, it can be argued that when B. Vasiliev wrote how the soul of the main character became blind and deaf, he wanted to say that this happened not only because of the loss of precious letters, but, first of all, because of the behavior of the guys, whose unacceptable act so wounded Anna Fedotovna’s soul.
Humanity is a set of traits that defines a person as an individual and distinguishes him from a beast, combining such concepts as kindness, compassion, sincerity, and empathy. Humanity, or humanity, is the most important component of human essence. Lack of humanity entails selfishness and cruelty. The very definition of “humanity” carries a fairly clear meaning: a quality that is inherent in a person, in other words, a human quality. That is why it is brought up in children: from a very early age we learn not to offend kittens, empathize with a friend, learn to be kind and sincere towards people.
As evidence of what has been said, we can cite an excerpt from the text of B. Vasiliev, where we see an example of inhumanity:
The children, showing such heartlessness, hurt the old woman very much. For the grandmother, these letters were too precious, but the guys did not understand her grief and stole them, depriving her of the only opportunity to experience the death of her dear son, who died in the war. Her soul became blind and deaf, as the author says. The pain that a loving mother experienced for the second time is difficult to describe in words, and even more difficult to survive.
Another example, but an example of true humanity, can be the hero of the story L.N. Tolstoy "After the Ball". Ivan Vasilyevich, after seeing violence against a guilty soldier, refuses successful public service, so as not to take part in the physical and spiritual humiliation of other people, even by accident. This is a deeply humane and courageous act - to give up a successful career, money, lover for the sake of your principles, in order to live according to your conscience.
To sum up all that has been said, we can say that humanity is a gift that not everyone has. Kindness and sincerity are instilled from childhood, without these qualities the world would have collapsed long ago. Intelligence is given not for destruction, but for creation, and understanding of this is achieved thanks to the humanity in each of us.
What is humanity? This is a quality due to which a person treats other living beings with kindness, compassion and mercy. Without humanity, people would become cruel and evil. To prove my statement, I will give a couple of examples from the text.
In the text offered to us by S.T. Ernest, I find a manifestation of humanity. In sentences 14-34, the author describes the action of a hunter who was chasing a deer, but when he saw it, he did not kill it, but released it. The hunter treated the deer with kindness and humanity.
And in life there are examples of manifestations of humanity. For example, volunteers who help the poor and sick, the disabled and the elderly. They do this for free. By offering their help, these people show humanity.
Therefore, we can say that humanity is one of the most important qualities of a person, thanks to which he helps and supports many.
Updated: 2017-05-21
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Essays on the topic “What is humanity”
Humanity is a figurative concept that highlights the best aspects of human qualities. These include the ability to love and understand the people around you.
The humanity of man is widely described in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. The author describes the difficult life of the population in the second half of the 19th century, when disappointment and oppression grew among people.
The main character, student Rodion Raskolnikov, observing the unjust oppression of some and the carelessness of others, asks himself questions about his own belonging. Does he belong to an uncomplaining caste or can he be superior to others and administer justice to them? Dostoevsky in his novel describes the state of mind of the main character, her experiences. After committing the murder, Rodion Raskolnikov withdraws into himself, and severe mental anguish awaits him. Thanks to his love for Sonya, he returns to people and confesses to the crime, after which relief awaits him.
“The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” is one of the most humane works in world literature. It contains a large number of strong and exciting feelings. Reading the author’s lines, you can feel his grief and perception of someone else’s grief.
The humanity in the work is strongly evident in various forms. It is shown between the characters in their relationships with each other. Igor and Vsevolod are brothers, between whom there is a feeling of mutual respect. In relation to their father Svyatoslav, the relationship is paternally warm. The author placed the greatest emphasis on the relationship between Igor and Olga, which is based on mutual love feelings and respect.
In every person there is a certain share of humanity, which, to one degree or another, has developed or decreased during life. The reason for this was the people around him and the actions he performed. That is why in order to increase kind and compassionate people, you need to start with your personal humanity. By doing good deeds, set an example for others.
Humanity has always been one of the most important phenomena of literature - an essay based on the stories of V. Shukshin.
About thirty years ago, the man who glorified life with all its sounds, colors, and smells passed away.
This is Vasily Makarovich Shukshin.
Shukshin made 5 films, published 7 books, played two dozen roles - in general, enough to go down in the history of Russian culture.
But he didn't know this. He knew one thing - work. They talked about him as a “village” writer, critics looked for the origins of the power of his talent and forgot about Shukshin the man, about his heart - nervous, filled with blood and truly suffering, which could not bear its burden... Shukshin did not stop fighting for a minute with evil - neither in literature nor in cinema. “We shouldn’t forget about the soul,” he said. The characters in his books often talk about the soul. What is the soul in Shukshin’s understanding? Kindness, humanity, mercy, understanding of one's neighbor, conscience, thinking about the meaning of life. Analyzing traditional conflicts - poverty and wealth, good and evil, Shukshin resolves them based on the laws of morality: he rejects evil, regardless of who is its bearer. The writer sees that the main test today is not poverty, but wealth and satiety. In one of Shukshin's best stories - "The Hunt to Live" - good and evil are shown in direct combat. The old hunter Nikitich, a man of extraordinary kindness, an open soul, sheltered a criminal, actually saved his life and received a bullet from him in the back. In a story filled with terrible dramatic power, the old hunter says to the fugitive criminal: “The great hunger drove you to steal? Are you mad, you damned ones.” These simple words show both the source of evil and its uncompromising denial. Shukshin expressed his indignation, his denial of evil, his hatred of the terrible vices of people - selfishness, selfishness, consumerism towards life, demagoguery - with extraordinary artistic power in the story "Wolves". When reading Shukshin, you need to immediately understand that in his works there is no “high style” and pompous phrases that touch the soul with their floweriness.
Shukshin did not like to repeat common truths, but each story has its own zest, its own philosophical lesson. What philosophical lesson does the story "Boots" contain? At first glance, we have before us an ordinary everyday story, a history of family relationships. But it is written in such a kind and warm language that one remembers folk tales with their melodiousness and melody. It seems that there are no major events or moral upheavals in this work, but a small episode from the life of driver Sergei Dukhanin (buying his wife new, unusual boots) changed the internal state of not only Sergei, but also his wife. A rude person at first, Sergei becomes kind and sensitive. He realized that it was not about the gift, but about the attitude towards the closest person - his wife.
It is no coincidence that Sergei Dukhanin is 45 years old. At this point in life, many people reassess their values, rethink the world around them and their place in it. Sergei felt that the small good he did resonated with great happiness and warmth in the house. He came to the idea that trying to understand a person and do something bright for him is the greatest happiness. The meaning of this story is contained in the following lines: “You live like this, you think that someday you will live better...” But this is a manifestation of the moral strength of the individual! Vasily Makarovich encourages us to love Man, to love the “weirdness” in people, not to measure everyone with the same standard. The truth, Shukshin believed, is a manifestation of the human soul, it cannot be ostentatious. Shukshin writes in a very original, interesting way, he has his own Shukshin style, his own composition. Love for the Motherland, father, mother... The writer does not speak loud words about it, fearing to disturb something very trembling in our hearts. Love for the elderly is the highest manifestation of moral strength. So the main character of the story “How the Old Man Died” is old man Stepan, who lived a long, difficult life. The writer tells us about the last day and death of Stepan and touches on many common human issues. For example, we see how Stepan’s wife, who at first glance seemed unkind and even grumpy, becomes sensitive and kind, her true soul is revealed, the old woman’s heart “thaws.” She asks her husband for forgiveness: “Well, then forgive me, old man, if I’m guilty of anything.” The fear of being alone, of losing the dearest person with whom she has lived her whole life, does not leave her. The old woman understands that she loves the old man and that her life without her husband will lose all meaning. The old man also becomes softer and kinder. He says: “Agnusha... forgive me... I was a little worried... And the bread is so rich!..” Two thoughts haunt Stepan before his death: the thought of his wife and the thought of bread. What more can be said about this? A person who grew up on the land, loved and worked on it, eventually goes to the same land. The old man is not thinking about himself in his last minutes; he bequeaths to us bread, that is, his native land, his favorite business. In simple, awkward words, he tries to talk about the meaning of life, about how beautiful it is... But there are other, less global, but no less pressing problems in this short story. In particular, the problem of relationships between children and parents. The old man dies alone, only his wife remains with him until the end. Where are the children? Mishka abandoned them, Manka is far away, Petka “barely makes ends meet.” Everyone is loved and understood by their father and mother, everyone is forgiven and pitied by the elderly. But do children feel sorry for their parents? Morality is also an attitude towards old people, especially those who raised you and gave you their soul and heart. Parents always make excuses for their children and see only good traits in them. But should children abuse it? Black ingratitude grows from the slightest inattention, the slightest insensitivity. You must have a lot of strength and patience to fulfill your filial duty. But that’s why we are people, not only to take, but also to repay debts. In 1967, Shukshin wrote an amazing article “Morality is Truth.” It contains the following lines: “I have a cultured aunt in my village, she’s always indignant: “Just swearing! Writer... “There are aunties in pants: “rude man.” But little do they know: if my men weren’t rude, they wouldn’t be gentle...”
The heroes of Shukshin's stories, however, sometimes shock us with their outward rudeness and uncouthness.
But the reader’s talent lies in seeing a spark of kindness and light in the most unattractive person.
Shukshin said: “As an artist, I cannot deceive my people - show life only as happy, for example.
The truth can also be bitter... I believe in the strength of my people, I love my Motherland very much - and I do not despair. Against".
The writer does not for a moment separate himself from Russia, the Russian village, its nature. His heroes are looking for the basics of life in their native land. In particular, in the story “Alyosha Beskonvoyny” the main character found himself in love for everything that surrounds him. He found “peace in his soul,” but by no means complacency. The greatest Russian writers were worried about the mysterious relationship between the earth and human conscience. It is not without reason that in “Crime and Punishment” Raskolnikov kisses the ground, the hero of “War and Peace” Andrei Bolkonsky comes to a philosophical understanding of life, looking into the bottomless sky of Austerlitz. Egor Prokudin (the hero of "Red Kalina" by V. Shukshin) in the scene after a meeting with his mother falls to the ground, wants to stay on it, looks for support and support in it, the highest moral court. Art should teach goodness.
V. Shukshin sees the most precious wealth in the ability of a pure human heart to do good.
“If we are strong and truly smart in anything, it is in doing a good deed,” he said.
Vasily Makarovich Shukshin lived with this, believed in it.
