Presentation on the topic of fathers and children. Open lesson on literature with presentation "I.S. Turgenev

Public lesson.

I.S. Turgenev. Novel "Fathers and Sons".

Purpose: To remind students of the writer’s position in the literary and social struggle during the period of work on the novel; to emphasize the peculiarities of Turgenev’s talent to “catch” modernity, to respond to everything new that was just emerging in Russian life; talk about the history of writing the novel, find out the meaning of the title, exchange initial impressions of the work you read; using the material of the novel “Fathers and Sons” to characterize the era of the 60s of the 19th century. Trace how the era is reflected in the novel; reveal the ideological and artistic originality of the novel; develop skills in working with text.

The lesson is accompanied by a presentation + Individual messages.

1. The history of the novel

2. Prototypes.

3. C poem by Dmitry Minaev

I.S. Turgenev. Novel "Fathers and Sons".

Purpose: To remind students of the writer’s position in the literary and social struggle during the period of work on the novel; to emphasize the peculiarities of Turgenev’s talent to “catch” modernity, to respond to everything new that was just emerging in Russian life; talk about the history of writing the novel, find out the meaning of the title, exchange initial impressions of the work you read; using the material of the novel “Fathers and Sons” to characterize the era of the 60s of the 19th century. Trace how the era is reflected in the novel; reveal the ideological and artistic originality of the novel; develop skills in working with text.

Equipment: presentation.

During the classes.

1. Organizational moment. Greetings. Subject message.

Presentation for an open lesson on Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons"

(I.S. Turgenev - portrait)

Slide 2 - Purpose of the lesson

2. Introductory speech by the teacher.

Slide 3. - (Roman I.S. Turgenev
"Fathers and Sons")

“The novel arose in an era when all civil, social, family and human relationships in general became infinitely complex and dramatic; life has spread in depth and breadth in an infinite variety of elements,” Belinsky wrote.

I. S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" was published in 1862. It immediately attracted the attention of wide public circles in Russia and since then continues to arouse the undoubted interest of readers due to the severity of the questions posed in it, as well as its artistic merits

Turgenev, a great artist, managed to raise deep political and philosophical problems in this work. to capture real life conflicts, to reveal the essence of the ideological struggle between the main social forces in Russia in the late 50s - early 60s of the 19th century.

A.V. Lunacharsky in the article “Literature of the 60s” wrote about the novel “Fathers and Sons” as “one of the central phenomena in all Russian life” of that time.

“In none of Turgenev’s previous novels did the open, direct clash of opposing points of view on all the most basic, pressing issues of social life, philosophy, science, politics, social outlook in the broadest sense of the word play such an important, determining role as in” Fathers and Children" (History of the Russian novel: In 2 volumes - M.; Leningrad, 1962.)

At that time, the most pressing issue was the abolition of serfdom. During the reform of 1861, the opposing positions of the liberal nobles and the revolutionary democrats of commoners clearly emerged. The revolutionary democrats Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov considered the upcoming reform to be feudal in nature. Resorting to Aesopian language, they wrote about the revolutionary situation in Russia and called on the Russian people to take “decisive action.” Liberals, on the contrary, had high hopes for the reform, considering it an effective and almost the only means of resolving the peasant question. Turgenev looked at reform in a similar way.

According to his convictions, he was a supporter of the gradual transformation of Russia. An opponent of any social explosions, he did not believe in the prospects of the ideas of revolutionary democracy. But everyday life observations convinced him that the Democrats are a great force that has manifested itself in many areas of public activity. And as an artist who responded to all the major events of his contemporary era, Turgenev felt the need to create the image of a new hero, capable of replacing the passivity of noble intellectuals like Rudin and Lavretsky, whose time had passed. The writer placed such a new hero - a man of democratic convictions, a materialist and natural scientist - at the center of the novel "Fathers and Sons" and sought to depict his essential features with the utmost objectivity.

Slide 4 and 5, 6

The teacher reads information from slide 7

“I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, evil, honest - and yet doomed to destruction because it still stands on the threshold of the future - I dreamed of some strange pendant Pugachev."

and from slide 8 Novel “Fathers and Sons”

Having gone at the end of July 1860 to the town of Ventnor on the English Isle of Wight for sea swimming, Turgenev was already thinking about the plan for a new novel. It was here, on the Isle of Wight, that the “Formular list of characters in the new story” was compiled, where, under the heading “Evgeny Bazarov”, Turgenev sketched a preliminary portrait of the main character:

and from slide 9

Evgeny Bazarov

"Nihilist. Self-confident, speaks abruptly and little, hard-working (a mixture of Dobrolyubov, Pavlov and Preobrazhensky.) Lives small; He doesn’t want to be a doctor, he’s waiting for an opportunity. He knows how to talk to people, although in his heart he despises them. He does not have and does not recognize an artistic element... He knows quite a lot - he is energetic, and can be liked by his freedom. In essence, the most barren subject is the antipode of Rudin - for without any enthusiasm and faith... An independent soul and a proud man of the first hand."

III. Checking homework. Individual messages.

1. The history of the creation of the novel - Sergeyuk Liza

2. Prototypes. - Bekeshova A, Kalkatin L, Yesenova G. - Show slides from 10 to 19.

“And if he is called a nihilist, then it should be read: revolutionary,” Turgenev wrote about his hero. The novel was written at a time when the struggle between different views and movements intensified in Russia. Turgenev, showing the confrontation between liberals and revolutionary democrats, could not take either side. In the novel they do not have a clear author's relationship. But Bazarov received more attention. This is something new that tries itself.

V. Novel "Fathers and Sons". The meaning of the name. Slide 21

Teacher: You got acquainted with the first chapters of the novel “Fathers and Sons.” Why do you think the novel has this name? (discussion)

Teacher: Slide 22

• The novel by I.S. Turgenev reflected the real events that took place in Russian society in the late 50s and early 60s of the 19th century: the ideological struggle of liberal nobles and revolutionary commoner democrats on the eve of the peasant reform.
• At the same time, as the critic N.N. Strakhov rightly writes, I.S. Turgenev in his novel “had the proud goal of indicating the eternal in the temporal.” The conflict between “fathers” and “children” here has not only a historical, but also a universal basis: we are talking about the problems of relationships between children and parents in the family.

Slide 23 - poem by Dmitry Minaev

Fathers and Sons? (Parallel)

For many years without fatigue

Two generations are waging war,

Bloody war;

And these days in any newspaper

"Fathers" and "Children" enter the battle,

These and those smash each other,

As before, in the old days.

We carried out as best we could

Two generations parallel

Through the darkness and through the fog.

But the steam of fog scattered:

Only from Turgenev Ivan

Waiting for a new novel -

Our dispute was decided by the novel.

And we exclaimed in enthusiasm:

"Who can stand in an unequal dispute?"

Which of the two?

Who has won? who has the best rules?

Who forced himself to respect:

Bazarov, Pavel Kirsanov,

Caressing our ears?

Take a closer look at his face:

What tenderness and fineness of the skin!

A hand as white as snow.

In speeches, in receptions - tact and measure,

The greatness of the London "sir" -

After all, without perfume, without a toiletry case

And life is hard for him.

And what kind of morality! Oh Gods!

He is in front of Fenichka, in anxiety,

Like a high school student, he trembles;

Standing up for a man in a dispute,

Sometimes, in front of the whole office, he

Showing off with my brother in conversation,

"Du calme, du calme!" - he insists.

(*Calm, calm! (French) - Ed.)

Nurturing your body,

He does things without doing anything,

Captivating old ladies;

Sits in the bath, goes to bed,

Fears a new race,

Like a lion on the Brulevskaya terrace

Walking in the morning.

Here is a representative of the old press.

Will you compare Bazarov with him?

Hardly, gentlemen!

The hero can be seen by signs,

And in this gloomy nihilist,

With his medicines, with his lancet,

There is no trace of heroism.

He only sees forms in beauty,

Ready to fall asleep at the sound of "Norma"

He denies and...

He eats and drinks like the rest of us,

He talks to Peter in the hallway,

And even with the maid, oh my God!

Ready to go play.

Like the most exemplary cynic,

He is madame de Odintsova

He pressed it to his chest,

And even - what audacity -

Hospitality rights without knowing

One day, hugging Fenya,

Kissed me in the garden.

Who is dearer to us: old man Kirsanov,

Lover of fez and hookahs,

Russian Togenburg?

Or he, a friend of the mob and the bazaars,

Reborn Insarov -

Bazarov cutting frogs,

A slob and a surgeon?

The answer is ready: it’s not for nothing that we

We have a weakness for Russian bars -

Bring them crowns!

And we, deciding everything in the world,

These issues have been resolved...

Who is dearer to us - fathers or children?

Fathers! fathers! fathers!

V. The era in the novel "Fathers and Sons"

Slide 24

Teacher's word:

When we begin work on a work, we try to comprehend the era contemporary with the author or his creation.

^ How important do you think such historical and cultural commentary is?

In the second half of the 19th century, rapid changes took place in the structure of society, new layers appeared (the proletariat, commoners), the Russian public was divided into several opposing camps, waging a continuous struggle with each other, constantly changing both the composition and the program of action. The concepts of conservatives, liberals and radicals, Slavophiles and Westerners appear. The ideas of socialism and nihilism excite the best minds and cause heated debate.

Literature becomes a “tribune” for preaching the social and political ideas of authors. And among this “ferment of minds” the voice of I.S. Turgenev is heard especially clearly.

Revolutionary-democratic criticism considered Turgenev’s “lively attitude towards modernity” to be a very valuable quality. Dobrolyubov emphasized that the modernity and relevance of Turgenev’s novels is amazing. If he has already touched on a problem, then this is a sure sign that it will soon become important to everyone.

Pisarev in the article “Bazarov” noted: “Through the fabric of the story one can see the author’s personal, deeply felt attitude towards the identified phenomena of life. And these phenomena are very close to us, so close that all of our young generation, with their aspirations and ideas, can recognize themselves in the characters in this novel.”

The ability to capture the movement of life, to show something new and developing. This quality of Turgenev the artist also appears in the novel “Fathers and Sons,” written in 1861.

^ How is the novel connected with the era?

Before answering the question of our lesson today, let's once again turn to the political and social problems that took place in the writer's contemporary society?

What else do you know about this era?

– The time period of the novel is 1855-1861. - a difficult period for Russia. In 1855, the war that Russia lost with Turkey ended; this defeat was shameful for our country. The most important event in domestic politics also took place: a change of reign.

Nicholas I died, his death ended the era of repression, the era of suppression of public liberal thought.

During the reign of Alexander II, the education of various segments of the population flourished in Russia. The commoners become a real social force, while the aristocracy loses its leading role. Of course, the education that commoners received was fundamentally different from that of the nobility. Aristocratic youth studied “for themselves,” that is, it was education in the name of education itself.

The commoners had neither the money nor the time for such a luxury as broadening their horizons. They needed to get a profession that would feed them and bring real benefit to people.

This attitude determined the range of specialties that were predominantly chosen by commoners. These were mainly natural sciences; they completely denied the spiritual world.

At this time, capitalist relations also began to develop in Russia; their development was hampered by the rotten feudal system. The question of the peasant revolution was on the agenda. On this issue, a split occurred between the liberals, who stood for the reformist path, and the revolutionary democrats, who considered it ineffective.

– At the beginning of March 1861, the tsar’s manifesto of February 19 on the liberation of the peasants was published. Centuries of slavery were ended. The peasants finally received their long-awaited freedom. However, as the democratic revolutionaries expected, the reform was not carried out in the interests of the people. The land still remained in the hands of the landowners, and for those small plots that the peasants received, they were obliged to either pay quitrents or work off corvée. A wave of peasant unrest and riots swept across the country, which were suppressed by the government with incredible cruelty.

A revolutionary situation has developed in Russia. Revolutionary democrats began to prepare an uprising: a secret society “Land and Freedom” arose, the ideological inspirer of which was Chernyshevsky, proclamations were distributed calling for a decisive battle with the autocracy.

At first, Turgenev enthusiastically welcomed the liberation of the peasants. But by the end of 1861 his enthusiasm had cooled noticeably; he could not help but see that the reform had not solved the peasant question. True, he still hoped that “things would go well,” but more and more often notes of disappointment began to sound in his letters from this period. “We live in dark and difficult times,” he wrote in December 1861 to his friend N.P. Borisov, “we still won’t get out of it.”

Thus, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was written during the years of the revolutionary situation, when the serfdom system was bursting at the seams.

What main problems of the era have you identified for yourself?

Stratification of society into opposing factions.

The problem of serfdom.

The problem of changing priorities in education and the views of the new generation.

Today we will try to determine how these problems are reflected in the novel, i.e. How is I. S. Turgenev’s novel connected with the era? To do this, we will work on the material from chapters 1-4 of the novel. The work will take place in groups.

Group assignment:

Why does I.S. Turgenev give a clear dating of the events taking place?

What time of year coincides with the beginning of the novel?

How is this reflected in the theme in Chapter 1 of the novel?

Sample answer:

In the novel, Turgenev uses precise dating, wanting to evoke in the reader a specific idea of ​​the historical situation. The action in "Fathers and Sons" begins on May 20, 1859 and ends in the winter of 1860.

These were the years when the crisis of the serfdom system was revealed, when the struggle between the camps of revolutionary democrats and liberals intensified.

In this era, a new type of progressive figure is being formed - a democrat commoner, a man of action, not phrases.

It is no coincidence, in our opinion, that the season is spring. Nature is waiting for renewal, change, revival, and this theme is continued in the further development of events - the father is waiting for his son.

Write down your conclusions.

Slide 25

The view of the writer himself, who was able to correctly sense the emerging new type of hero, but did not take his side:

“Did I want to scold Bazarov or praise him?

I don’t know this myself, because I don’t know whether I love him or hate him!”

“My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class.”

"With the word I released „ “nihilist” was taken advantage of by many who were only waiting for an opportunity, a pretext to stop the movement that had taken hold of Russian society...”

VI. Ideological and artistic originality of the novel - Slide 26

• The composition of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is multicentric: the main character is in the center, and all the “formal” elements of the work are aimed at revealing his character.
• The conflict in the novel is two-dimensional: external and internal.
• Much attention is paid to speech characteristics.
• Landscape in literature.

Working with the text of the novel "Fathers and Sons"

What means of artistic expression help the writer create the image of a pre-reform village?

Sample answer:

Through the eyes of Bazarov’s friend Arkady Kirsanov, who returned from St. Petersburg to his father’s estate, we see a picture that makes our heart involuntarily clench: “The places they passed through could not be called picturesque...”

Let's see how the landscape is depicted in Chapter 2 of the novel.

We see “villages with low huts under dark, often half-swept roofs” (“villages”, “huts” - the very form of these words speaks of a meager, beggarly life). It can be assumed that hungry cattle have to be fed straw from the roofs. This comparison also says a lot: “like beggars in rags, the roadside willow trees stood with stripped bark and broken branches. Peasant cows, “emaciated, rough, as if gnawed, greedily nibbled the first grass. And here are the peasants themselves - “well-dressed on bad nags.” The peasants' economy is meager, miserable: "crooked threshing sheds", "empty threshing floors" ...

Turgenev will no longer depict the poverty of the people, but the picture of the pre-reform village presented in the exhibition makes such a strong impression that there is nothing to add to it.

What external changes in the relations between masters and peasants indicate the internal contradictions of the era?

A few meager details convey the changes that occurred in relation to the peasants and their masters.

The servants do not meet the old and young master (remember the scenes of farewell to the leaving Pyotr Grinev, Alexander Oduev, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts - everywhere there is a crowd of servants and serfs)

The servant, for whom everything: the turquoise earring in his ear and the pomaded multi-colored hair, and the polite movements, in a word, everything exposed a man of the newest, improved generation, looked condescendingly along the road and answered: “No way, no way.”

The conversation about the timber brought by Nikolai Petrovich is important; he needed money, but the land, alas, still had to go to the peasants.

It is no coincidence that the mention that some clerk from the bourgeoisie has to pay 250 rubles a year; the valet Peter is also free. The former faithful servants (Savelichs, Zakharovs) are now few.

The peasants hope for the reform and expect a lot from it. In the meantime, even on the estate of the good Nikolai Petrovich, the master’s crops are being poisoned by horses, and the barnyard is “inadvertently” set on fire.

And the central question of the era immediately arises: “No... this poor region, it does not amaze you with either contentment or hard work; it’s impossible, he can’t stay like this, transformations are necessary... but how to carry them out, how to start?...”

What is the significance of Arkady’s reflections on the life of the Russian village he saw (“No... this poor region, it does not amaze you with either contentment or hard work; it is impossible, it is impossible for him to stay like this, transformations are necessary... but how to carry them out, how to begin ...") to develop the main conflict of the novel?

How are the characters of the main characters already outlined in the exhibition? What details allow you to see this?

What relationships develop along the way between the characters?

The attitude to this issue, to the fundamental problems of Russian life in the 60s determines the ideological differences between Bazarov and the rest of the characters in the novel. And the disagreement between them appears on the very first pages, in the exposition.

We have already said that the commoners were not satisfied with the reformist solution to the issue. They wanted revolutionary changes, they wanted to bring real benefits to people.

Subtly noticed details allow the writer to reveal the most important things both in social views and in the soulful disposition of his heroes.

Nikolai Petrovich is waiting for his son, ready to sit for 5 hours, loving, attentive, but despite Arkady’s letter, he forgot that he was coming with a friend (there is no room in the stroller for Bazarov), so the verbs in the episode “departure of the stroller” convey both the social status of the characters and their condition. Father and son “fit” in the stroller, but Bazarov “jumped” into the tarantass and “buried” his head….

Arkady is clearly under the influence of Bazarov. He is cheeky, familiar, condescending in conversation with his father, feels secret superiority and enjoys the “consciousness of his own development and freedom.”

Bazarov interrupts Nikolai Petrovich's reading of Pushkin. He destroys the father’s lyrical mood, and forces his son to remember how to behave according to new concepts. He is deaf to beauty and brings alienation into the relationship between father and son.

Nikolai Petrovich “had something pricked in his heart”, a pang: how would the relationship with his son work out?

In the first chapters, the main conflict of the novel is already outlined, which will further develop.

VII. Lesson summary.

As you know, it is impossible to understand and evaluate the images of heroes without understanding and appreciating the situation in the country in which the characters’ views took shape and were shaped. And therefore Turgenev paints before the reader a wide panorama of contemporary Russia, conveying in detail the life, customs and descriptions of nature. In the exposition of the novel, the initial landscape depicting poverty, misery, predetermines the theme of the entire work, leads to the idea of ​​​​the need to change the order that gave rise to such desolation.

The novel “Fathers and Sons” is a sharply polemical work. In it, the writer reflected not only the eternal problem of “fathers and sons” and the most important issues of human existence associated with it, but also the collision of “the present century and the past century,” i.e. social conflict, the struggle not only of two generations, but also of representatives of two camps: liberals and revolutionary democrats.

Slide 27.

“... Having read “The Noble Nest” and “Fathers and Sons,” I stopped classifying Turgenev as an ordinary mortal; he became a kind of hero for me”; my imagination depicted him in various forms, but always surrounded by a halo, and I had to restrain myself if anyone in my presence said that he did not like his works... Turgenev managed to occupy one of those hidden corners in my heart, where people rarely penetrate strangers..."

Boyesen H. - American literary critic

VIII. Homework: Slide 28

• 1.Reading the novel “Fathers and Sons”
• 2. Prepare to analyze the images of the main characters: select material from the text of the novel.
• 3. Analysis of E. Bazarov’s behavior at a party. His relationship with Arkady and P.P. Kirsanov.
• Lesson grades.

Slide 1

Artistic originality

novel by I.S. Turgenev

"Fathers and Sons"

Slide 2

The purpose of the lesson: to consider the artistic originality of the novel “Fathers and Sons” and determine what the innovation of I.S. Turgenev was. Lesson plan. 1. The history of the creation of the novel. 2. Socio-historical context. 3. Composition. 4. Speech characteristics 5. Landscape. 6. Genre. 7. Evaluation of the novel in Russian criticism.

Slide 3

The idea for the novel “Fathers and Sons” arose from I.S. Turgenev in 1860 in England during his summer holiday on the Isle of Wight. Work on the work continued the following year in Paris. The figure of the main character captivated I.S. Turgenev so much that he kept a diary on his behalf for some time.

The history of the creation of the novel.

Slide 4

In May 1861, the writer returned home to Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. By August 1861, the novel was largely completed, and in February 1862 it was published in the next issue of the Russian Messenger magazine.

Slide 5

The novel “Fathers and Sons” reflects the historical process of generational change. The 40s of the 19th century in Russia were a time of liberal-minded nobles. They respected science and art, sympathized with the Russian people and believed in natural progress. Later they began to be called “idealists”, “romantics”. In the 50s and 60s, commoners appeared in the public arena. These were educated people of non-noble origins who did not recognize class differences and through their labor made their way into life. They categorically did not accept everything that was associated with noble aristocracy.

Socio-historical context

Slide 6

The composition of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is monocentric: the main character is in the center, and all the “formal” elements of the work are aimed at revealing his character. During his “wanderings,” Bazarov visits the same places twice: Maryino, Nikolskoye, Bazarova. Thus, we first get acquainted with the hero, and then we witness how, under the influence of circumstances (a duel with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, a quarrel with Arkady, love for Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, etc.) his views and beliefs change.

COMPOSITION

Slide 7

Ring composition

Maryino (Kirsanov estate)

Bazarov's parents (small house of small nobles)

Nikolskoye (Odintsova’s estate)

Slide 8

The conflict in the novel is two-dimensional: external and internal. External conflict is revealed at the level of the characters’ relationships: between his nihilistic beliefs (theory) and the demands of nature (life).

CONFLICT

Slide 9

I.S. Turgenev pays great attention to the speech characteristics of the heroes. So, for example, a representative of the older generation, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, speaks in the language of Alexander’s time, using outdated words “efto” (instead of “this”), “princip” (instead of “principle”), and also uses florid phrases: “But if you please listen” , “I am deeply obliged to you,” “It is advisable for you to joke.” A representative of the younger generation, Bazarov, on the contrary, speaks simply, sometimes even rudely: “The scientists there are efficient people,” “Every person should educate himself - well, at least like me, for example,” “Trash, aristocrat.” In addition, being a physician by training, he often uses medical terms and Latin expressions in his speech.

Speech characteristics

Slide 10

Landscape in literature is primarily an image of a person’s natural environment (although there may also be a city landscape). As a rule, it expresses not only the author’s aesthetic attitude towards the reproduced object, but also serves as a means of psychological characterization of the characters and helps to reveal the social and philosophical problems posed in the work.

What is landscape in literature?

Slide 12

Compared to other novels by I.S. Turgenev, “Fathers and Sons” is much poorer in landscapes. The exception is the description of the area near Maryino in Chapter 3 (the landscape serves as proof of Arkady’s thought: “transformations are necessary”). Evening landscape in Chapter 11 (shows the one-sided views of Bazarov, who believes that “nature is not a temple, but a workshop,” and N.P. Kirsanov, who, admiring nature, does not pay attention to the poverty of the peasants). The picture of an abandoned rural cemetery in chapter 28 (sets the reader up for philosophical reflection).

The originality of the landscape in the novel “Fathers and Sons”

Slide 13

“Fathers and Sons” is a multifaceted novel in terms of genre. The presence of a family-beat theme allows us to call it family, the use of a socio-historical conflict as a concept - social, a deep study of human characters - psychological, and the coverage of philosophical problems - philosophical. Most often, given the degree of development of these aspects, the genre “Fathers and Sons” is defined as a socio-psychological novel.

Slide 14

The novel “Fathers and Sons” caused mixed assessments by I. S. Turgenev’s contemporaries. Critic M.A. Antonovich called Bazarov a talker, a cynic and accused Turgenev of slandering the younger generation, whereas, in fact, ““fathers and sons” are equally right and wrong.” D.I. Pisarev in the article “Bazarov (1865)” defended the main character of the novel. He noted that this is “a man of strong mind and character,” although extremely proud. Bazarov’s problem, according to Pisarev, is that he outright denies those things that he does not know or does not understand.

Evaluation of the novel in Russian criticism

Slide 15

“Fathers and Sons” is not only Turgenev’s best novel, but one of the most brilliant works of the 19th century. The novel reflects not only social, but also universal human problems. It was in “Fathers and Sons” that I.S. Turgenev managed for the first time to create a positive type of figure.

Slide 2

Novel "Fathers and Sons"

Purpose of the lesson: to consider the essence of the conflict between the main character of the novel Evgeny Bazarov and the generation of “fathers”

Main tasks: characterize the participants in the conflict, analyze the dispute between Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov.

Slide 3

Lesson Plan

• "Transformation is necessary."
• Biography of the "fathers"
• "Strong Man" Bazarov.
• The ideological center of the novel.
• Dispute between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. Who are nihilists?
• Bazarov and parents.

Slide 16

Old parents at their son's grave

Bazarov's parents are good people. They are ready to fulfill any wish of their son. However, the hero feels awkward at home. Using the example of the Bazarov family, I.S. Turgenev shows the conflict of generations at the turn of the era: between parents and son there is love, respect, but there is no mutual understanding.

Slide 17

Conclusion

The novel by I.S. Turgenev reflected the real events that took place in Russian society in the late 50s and early 60s of the 19th century: the ideological struggle of liberal nobles and revolutionary commoner democrats on the eve of the peasant reform.

At the same time, as the critic N.N. Strakhov rightly writes, I.S. Turgenev in his novel “had the proud goal of pointing to the eternal in the temporal.” The conflict between “fathers” and “children” here has not only a historical, but also a universal basis: we are talking about the problems of relationships between children and parents in the family.

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Purpose: Purpose: Observation of the text of the novel, Observation of the text of the novel, to find out the reason for mutual rejection of P.P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov, find out the reason for the mutual rejection of P.P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov, determine the author’s attitude towards his heroes, determine the author’s attitude towards his heroes, note the means of creating images used by I.S. Turgenev; note the means of creating images used by I.S. Turgenev; work on the development of monologue speech, the ability to analyze work on the development of monologue speech, the ability to analyze

The history of the creation of the novel. The idea for the novel arises from I. S. Turgenev in I860 in the small seaside town of Ventnor, in England. The idea for the novel arises from I. S. Turgenev in I860 in the small seaside town of Ventnor, in England. It was a difficult time for the writer. His break with Sovremennik magazine had just occurred. The occasion was an article by N. A. Dobrolyubov about the novel “On the Eve”. I. S. Turgenev did not accept the revolutionary conclusions contained in it. The reason for the gap was deeper: rejection of revolutionary ideas, “the peasant democracy of Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky” and their intentions to “call Rus' to the axe.” The novel “Fathers and Sons” was an attempt to comprehend the character and direction of the activities of the “new people,” a type of which was just beginning to emerge in Russian society. It was a difficult time for the writer. His break with Sovremennik magazine had just occurred. The occasion was an article by N. A. Dobrolyubov about the novel “On the Eve”. I. S. Turgenev did not accept the revolutionary conclusions contained in it. The reason for the gap was deeper: rejection of revolutionary ideas, “the peasant democracy of Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky” and their intentions to “call Rus' to the axe.” The novel “Fathers and Sons” was an attempt to comprehend the character and direction of the activities of the “new people,” a type of which was just beginning to emerge in Russian society.

I.S. Turgenev about the novel “...At the basis of the main figure, Bazarov, lay one personality of a young provincial doctor that struck me. (He died shortly before 1860.) This remarkable man embodied - to my eyes - that barely born, still fermenting principle, which later received the name of nihilism. The impression made on me by this person was very strong and at the same time not entirely clear; At first, I myself could not give myself a good account of it - and I listened intensely and looked closely at everything that surrounded me, as if wanting to check the veracity of my own feelings. I was embarrassed by the following fact: in not a single work of our literature did I even see a hint of what I saw everywhere; Involuntarily, a doubt arose: am I chasing a ghost?” “...At the base of the main figure, Bazarov, lay one personality of a young provincial doctor that struck me. (He died shortly before 1860.) This remarkable man embodied - to my eyes - that barely born, still fermenting principle, which later received the name of nihilism. The impression made on me by this person was very strong and at the same time not entirely clear; At first, I myself could not give myself a good account of it - and I listened intensely and looked closely at everything that surrounded me, as if wanting to check the veracity of my own feelings. I was embarrassed by the following fact: in not a single work of our literature did I even see a hint of what I saw everywhere; Involuntarily, a doubt arose: am I chasing a ghost?”

Work on the novel continued in Paris in September 1860. Work on the novel continued in Paris in September 1860. During the winter, the first chapters were written. In letters from this time there are constantly requests to report on the news of the social life of Russia, seething on the eve of the greatest event in its history - the abolition of serfdom. To get the opportunity to directly become acquainted with the problems of modern Russian reality, I. S. Turgenev comes to Russia. The writer finished the novel, begun before the reform of 1861, after it in his beloved Spassky. The first chapters were written during the winter. In letters from this time there are constantly requests to report on the news of the social life of Russia, seething on the eve of the greatest event in its history - the abolition of serfdom. To get the opportunity to directly become acquainted with the problems of modern Russian reality, I. S. Turgenev comes to Russia. The writer finished the novel, begun before the reform of 1861, after it in his beloved Spassky. In the fall, upon returning to Paris, I. S. Turgenev reads his novel to V. P. Botkin and K. K. Sluchevsky, whose opinion he valued very much. Agreeing and arguing with their judgments, the writer, in his own words, “plows” the text, makes numerous changes and amendments to it. “I corrected and added some things, and in March 1862 “Fathers and Sons” appeared in the “Russian Bulletin” (I. S. Turgenev. “About “Fathers and Sons”). In the fall, upon returning to Paris, I. S. Turgenev reads his novel to V. P. Botkin and K. K. Sluchevsky, whose opinion he valued very much. Agreeing and arguing with their judgments, the writer, in his own words, “plows” the text, makes numerous changes and amendments to it. “I corrected and added some things, and in March 1862 “Fathers and Sons” appeared in the “Russian Bulletin” (I. S. Turgenev. “About “Fathers and Sons”). So, a year and a half after the idea was conceived, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was published on the pages of the February issue of the magazine “Russian Messenger”. I. S. Turgenev dedicated it to V. G. Belinsky. So, a year and a half after the idea was conceived, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was published on the pages of the February issue of the magazine “Russian Messenger”. I. S. Turgenev dedicated it to V. G. Belinsky.

Changes in the socio-political system (constitutional monarchy); softening or abolition of serfdom; allocation of small plots of land to peasants; Russian national identity; Zemsky Sobors - the voice of the people; The only true and moral religion is Orthodoxy. In their opinion, the Russian people have a special spirit of collectivism. By this they explained the special path of Russia. Fought against the worship of the West

They advocated the development of Russia in line with European civilization; advocated the development of Russia in line with European civilization; explained the difference from the West by the historical backwardness of Russia; explained the difference from the West by the historical backwardness of Russia; denied the special role of the peasant community; denied the special role of the peasant community; advocated for widespread education of the people. advocated for widespread education of the people. They looked up to the West in everything, extolled Peter I as the great transformer of Russia. Westerners

They considered the peasantry as the main revolutionary force in the country; combined the idea of ​​a peasant revolution with the ideas of utopian socialism; they believed that Russia, after the abolition of serfdom through the peasant revolution, bypassing capitalism, would come to socialism through the peasant community; advocated for the development of social sciences, literature, and art. N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.A. Dobrolyubov, A.I. Herzen, N.P. Ogarev Magazines “Sovremennik”, “Bell”

So, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was completed by the author in July 1861, published in 1862. These dates are certainly important. It is no coincidence that I.S. At the very beginning of the novel, Turgenev gives a whole series of numbers and dates. What can they tell the attentive reader? So, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was completed by the author in July 1861, published in 1862. These dates are certainly important. It is no coincidence that I.S. At the very beginning of the novel, Turgenev gives a whole series of numbers and dates. What can they tell the attentive reader? Russia in the second half of the 19th century lived on the eve of a huge social event - the abolition of serfdom, which for the country was supposed to become a turning point in all spheres of public life, including the breaking of the worldview of the advanced social strata. What does the expression “time split” mean? II half of the 19th century. “Time has split,” separating the liberal nobles and the “new” people of Russia—the commoners—democrats, “fathers” and “sons” on opposite sides of the historical barrier. II half of the 19th century. “Time has split,” separating the liberal nobles and the “new” people of Russia—the commoners—democrats, “fathers” and “sons” on opposite sides of the historical barrier.

Working with the text of a novel. Reading. Observation. Analysis - How is the confrontation between “fathers” and “children” depicted in the first chapters of the novel? - How is the confrontation between “fathers” and “children” depicted in the first chapters of the novel? This confrontation is revealed even more clearly in Chapter IV, when Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, the elder brother of Arkady’s father, appears on the stage. This confrontation is revealed even more clearly in Chapter IV, when Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, the elder brother of Arkady’s father, appears on the stage. Find this scene. We read by role. Find this scene. We read by role. What details caught your attention? What details caught your attention? What technique does the author use? What is its essence? What technique does the author use? What is its essence? Another character in the novel is the author. Based on the description of the heroes, based on the first impression, can one guess whose side he is on? Another character in the novel is the author. Based on the description of the heroes, based on the first impression, can one guess whose side he is on?

Bazarov is in no hurry to greet Father Arkady, emphasizes his simple origins, and abruptly interrupts Nikolai Petrovich when he quotes lines from Eugene Onegin. We see Arkady's secret superiority over his father. Bazarov is in no hurry to greet Father Arkady, emphasizes his simple origins, and abruptly interrupts Nikolai Petrovich when he quotes lines from Eugene Onegin. We see Arkady's secret superiority over his father. Nikolai Petrovich does not understand his son, notices dramatic changes in him, cannot “establish” a conversation, is embarrassed, timid, and silent. Nikolai Petrovich does not understand his son, notices dramatic changes in him, cannot “establish” a conversation, is embarrassed, timid, and silent. The author of the novel “above the fray”, he is equally ironic both in the description of Bazarov and in the description of P.P. Kirsanov, but there will definitely be a fight, and the first serious indication of it is in Chapter. 5 The author of the novel “above the fray”, he is equally ironic both in the description of Bazarov and in the description of P.P. Kirsanov, but there will definitely be a fight, and the first serious indication of it is in Chapter. 5

Analysis of Chapter 5 Again two central figures - Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov. Find their description, pay attention to the word “nihilist” that sounded like a bolt from the blue and puzzled the senior Kirsanovs. Again two central figures - Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov. Find their description, pay attention to the word “nihilist” that sounded like a bolt from the blue and puzzled the senior Kirsanovs. - Have you noticed how Pavel Petrovich’s first question about Bazarov sounds? ("What's happened?"). - Why is Nikolai Petrovich surprised, why did Pavel Petrovich’s hand freeze in the air? - Why is Nikolai Petrovich surprised, why did Pavel Petrovich’s hand freeze in the air? - Compare the interpretations of the word “nihilist” given by Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich, what is the difference? - Compare the interpretations of the word “nihilist” given by Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich, what is the difference? - A master of detail, Turgenev is true to himself here too, but now this is a different detail. Did you notice her? What is emphasized by this detail? - A master of detail, Turgenev is true to himself here too, but now this is a different detail. Did you notice her? What is emphasized by this detail? - In what phrases is Pavel Petrovich’s attitude towards nihilists expressed? What does he conclude? Do you understand it? - In what phrases is Pavel Petrovich’s attitude towards nihilists expressed? What does he conclude? Do you understand it?

Evgeny Bazarov Long robe with tassels, “clothes”; Long robe with tassels, “clothes”; naked red hand; naked red hand; introduces himself as a man of the people: “Evgeny Vasiliev” introduces himself as a man of the people: “Evgeny Vasiliev” N.P. Kirsanov “didn’t immediately... give his hand”; N.P. Kirsanov “didn’t immediately... give his hand”;

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov Beautiful hand with long pink nails; Beautiful hand with long pink nails; the snowy whiteness of a sleeve fastened with a single large opal; the snowy whiteness of a sleeve fastened with a single large opal; “He didn’t shake his hand to Bazarov and even put it back in his pocket.” To Bazarov “he didn’t shake his hand and even put it back in his pocket.”

Lesson summary. It was important for us to see the confrontation between old and new, fathers and sons, and also to determine the author’s attitude towards the heroes. Was it a success? Was it a success? Later we will see that Turgenev is ready to understand Pavel Petrovich, it is no coincidence that he cites the story of his life, the old Kirsanovs are closer in spirit to him than Bazarov, with whom the author will nevertheless sincerely sympathize when the “simple” formulas of Yevgeny Bazarov’s life begin to break down “ complicated” relationship with Odintsova. And this will once again prove that the author is trying to be “above the fray”, that the artist’s task is to show the truth of life and he will not impose his assessment on the reader.

Homework: Re-read chapters VI-X, re-read chapters VI-X, make a comparative table: the views of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, in which include quotes characterizing the heroes’ attitude to art, love, the Russian people, nature, aristocracy and liberalism and other things about which the heroes will argue. (If you wish, you can make a spreadsheet) create a comparative table: the views of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, in which you can add quotes characterizing the heroes’ attitude to art, love, the Russian people, nature, aristocracy and liberalism and other things that the heroes will argue about. (Those who wish can make a spreadsheet) individually: the story of Pavel Petrovich and the story of Bazarov (their lives before meeting in Maryino); individually: the story of Pavel Petrovich and the story of Bazarov (their life before meeting in Maryino); Feelings of Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov. (spreadsheet) Feelings of Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov. (spreadsheet)

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Childhood According to his father, Turgenev belonged to an old noble family; his mother, nee Lutovinova, was a wealthy landowner; On her estate, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo (Mtsensk district, Oryol province), the childhood years of the future writer passed, who early learned to have a subtle sense of nature and to hate serfdom.

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Education In 1827 the family moved to Moscow; At first, Turgenev studied in private boarding schools and with good home teachers, then, in 1833, he entered the literature department of Moscow University, and in 1834 he transferred to the history and philology department of St. Petersburg University. Moscow Petersburg

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The beginning of creativity. In 1836, Turgenev showed his poetic experiments in a romantic spirit to the writer of Pushkin’s circle, university professor P. A. Pletnev; he invites the student to a literary evening (at the door Turgenev ran into A.S. Pushkin). In 1838, Turgenev’s poems “Evening” and “To the Venus of Medicia” were published in Sovremennik (by this time Turgenev had written about a hundred poems, mostly not preserved, and the dramatic poem “Wall”).

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In May 1838, Turgenev went to Germany (the desire to complete his education was combined with rejection of the Russian way of life, based on serfdom). The disaster of the steamship “Nicholas I”, on which Turgenev sailed, will be described by him in the essay “Fire at Sea” (1883; in French).

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Until August 1839, Turgenev lived in Berlin, attended lectures at the university, studied classical languages, wrote poetry, and communicated with T. N. Granovsky and N. V. Stankevich. After a short stay in Russia, in January 1840 he went to Italy, but from May 1840 to May 1841 he was again in Berlin, where he met M. A. Bakunin. N. V. Stankevich T. N. Granovsky Italy

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In 1843, a poem based on modern material, “Parasha,” appeared, which was highly appreciated by V. G. Belinsky. Acquaintance with the critic, which turned into friendship (in 1846 Turgenev became the godfather of his son), brings him closer to his circle (in particular, N. A. Nekrasov). V. G. Belinsky N. A. Nekrasov

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On November 1, 1843, Turgenev meets the singer Pauline Viardot (Viardot-Garcia), whose love will largely determine the external course of his life. In May 1845 Turgenev retired. From the beginning of 1847 to June 1850, he lives abroad (in Germany, France; Turgenev is a witness to the French Revolution of 1848): he takes care of the sick Belinsky during his travels; communicates closely with P. V. Annenkov, A. I. Herzen, gets acquainted with J. Sand, P. Mérimée, A. de Musset, F. Chopin, C. Gounod. Polina Viardot P. V. Annenkov

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The main work of this period is “Notes of a Hunter,” a cycle of lyrical essays and stories. “Notes of a Hunter” was written in France “from a beautiful distance.” A book about Russia, its past, present, future. Russian people are talented, moral, capable of understanding and creating beauty. But they are crippled by serfdom. The series “Notes of a Hunter” reflects a living sense of Russia as a whole.

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In April 1852, for his response to the death of N.V. Gogol, which was banned in St. Petersburg and published in Moscow, Turgenev, by the highest command, was put on the congress (the story “Mumu” ​​was written there). In May he was sent to Spasskoye, where he lived until December 1853.

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Until July 1856, Turgenev lived in Russia: in the winter, mainly in St. Petersburg, in the summer in Spassky. His closest environment is the editorial office of Sovremennik; acquaintances took place with I. A. Goncharov, L. N. Tolstoy and A. N. Ostrovsky; Turgenev takes part in the publication of F. I. Tyutchev’s “Poems” (1854) and provides it with a preface.

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Turgenev is a novelist. After a series of stories, Turgenev strives for relevance, topicality, looking for a modern hero who would be “on the eve” of future events, one foot in the future of Russia. Turgenev is concerned about what a nobleman can do in modern conditions, when society faces specific practical issues. “Rudin” “Noble Nest” “On the Eve” “Fathers and Sons” “Smoke” “New”