Nations and interethnic relations. About nations and interethnic relations

In this lesson we will look at the concepts of “nation”, “ethnicity” and “interethnic relations”. We will talk about interethnic conflicts that exist in different countries of the world, about how difficult it is for people to identify themselves in this world. This topic is very important for us, since Russia is a multinational state that strives to prevent the infringement of any ethnic group within its composition.

Topic: Social sphere

Lesson: Nations and Interethnic Relations

From your geography course, you probably learned the term “ethnic group,” which is synonymous with the concept of “people.” Ethnos- this is a historically established stable collection of people in a certain territory who have common features and characteristics of culture and psychological make-up, as well as an awareness of their unity and difference from other similar entities (self-awareness). If you looked at the ethnic map of the Earth, you could get a certain idea about the distribution of ethnic groups. At the same time, the ethnic map is very conditional: looking at the map, you understand that Russians live in a certain territory, Americans live in another, etc. But the world is far from being so clear-cut. Even our state is multinational, that is, not only Russians live in it, but also other ethnic groups. In general, the concept of “ethnicity,” like the entire group of concepts that relate a person to a particular cultural community, is quite ambiguous. These questions are really complex, it’s easy to make a mistake, and the consequences of an error in identifying a person can be extremely serious, including for the entire society as a whole.

Have you ever thought about the question why we call people Germans, but they live in Germany? This is far from a trivial question, and the answer is not so simple. There is such a rhyme: “German-pepper-sausage, bought a horse without a tail,” which has been known since the 17th century, but is still alive. At first glance, it is not clear where these words came from. The fact is that in Rus' all foreigners were called Germans. When for the first time, even under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, foreigners began to come to Russia, they settled in settlements. Among them were representatives of different nations: Dutch, Scots, French, but the majority were Germans. The Russians called these settlements German because “mute” people lived there, unable to speak Russian. The word “mute” in our language still has several meanings. On the one hand, a mute is a person who cannot speak, and on the other hand, not mine is a person who does not belong to my society, a stranger.

In reality, this people, of course, is called Germanic, and we need to talk about the Germanic language, and not about German. But this is how people work: we like to draw a clear line between what is ours and what is not ours. Therefore, accordingly, if we do not understand the culture of another person belonging to another nation, he becomes mute to us. The ancient Latins called all the peoples around them barbarians; they believed that a barbarian is a person who does not speak Latin, but only mutters something, accordingly, his traditions are not worth studying, his culture is primitive.

But the modern world gives us completely different patterns of behavior. We cannot treat other people as barbarians or as dumb. All people on Earth are equal and close to each other, because we live together, which means there can be no strangers in our world.

The danger lies in the fact that our self-identification, our self-determination, the answer to the question: “Who am I?” - this is a rather complex process. Not all people are completely sure what nationality and ethnic group they belong to. On the one hand, we can say that the person is Russian, since this is written down at his request in his passport, but who he really is is a completely different question. In reality, he is a person who feels like someone. Every person belongs to one culture or another and considers some language to be their native language. Based on this very complex palette, which has many components, the people are formed.

A problem arises in this regard. In modern society we live in an extremely mixed way, rather than in narrow local groups. In ancient times, this was quite possible; people lived in clusters, that is, there were tribes of people who were similar in all the characteristics that we have specified: closeness of language, cultural closeness, physiological closeness. These people really were a kind of national community and lived unitedly; everyone who lived outside their habitat were neighboring peoples. Tribe- a collection of people, usually similar in physical type, united (in one form or another) by tribal relations, a common language and territory. At that time, people easily managed to maintain their cultural identity; such a clear self-identification was only beneficial, as it formed loyalty to their tribe or community. After all, man is a biosocial being; we are unthinkable without society. But the modern world has become very confused, it is all local, we can no longer say “where our tribe ends and the neighboring one begins.” And in the modern world, we all need to learn to live together, although learning is always really very difficult.

Some of you may have read Kipling's work "Mowgli", in any case, you know exactly what this work is about. And we are talking about a boy who was raised by a pack of wolves. By the way, in the history of mankind there were cases when very young children ended up in certain animal communities, and the animals raised this child as their own. The question arises: what is the nationality of the Mowgli children? Since Mowgli was born into a family of people who belonged to a certain cultural and national community, in theory, he should also be a representative of some people. Due to certain life circumstances, he found himself among the wolves, but he remained a man. At the end of the book, Mowgli returns to people, but who is he? Outwardly, Mowgli looks like a representative of the peoples of India, but by nature he is a wolf cub, because after all, we are all determined by our environment.

If you were born into a Russian family, but lived in the USA or Canada all your life and adopted American culture as your own, then you can hardly be considered Russian. You roast turkey on Thanksgiving and set off fireworks on Independence Day, you have become a true American. You will not become Russian thanks to a Russian surname, because your habits are like those of a typical American.

The same thing will happen to a person who, due to some circumstances, finds himself in Russia for a long period. According to his passport, he can be Portuguese, Indian, Finnish, anyone, but if this person grew up in this cultural environment, then, most likely, he will become what his environment wants him to see. Therefore, when we talk about interethnic relations, we must, first of all, talk about intercultural relations. The more we know about the culture of neighboring people, the easier it is for us to communicate. People become who they are by perceiving the achievements of the environment in which they live. And if these people also do good, then it doesn’t matter what nationality they are.

When humanity lived in pockets, that is, in a monoethnic world, there were no special problems with self-identification. Yes, people communicated, but they understood that in a foreign community there were different rules and different rules. But now all our “tribes” have united, interethnic relations have emerged. Interethnic (international) relations- relations between ethnic groups (peoples), covering all spheres of public life. We need to learn to understand the people who live next to us, and at the same time we need to demand that the people who live next to us learn to understand us. Only in this way will society become strong and united, and will be free from problems of interethnic interaction, which are not so rare in the world today.

When we say that interethnic problems in Russia are serious, this does not mean that the Russian Federation is the only country in the world that is faced with a lack of mutual understanding between ethnic groups on its territory. Such problems exist almost everywhere, in every country in the world. Even if we look at Europe, which is quite prosperous from the point of view of interethnic dialogue, we will find that quite a few countries have interethnic problems. These problems, as a rule, fit into the concept of “separatism.” Separatism- a movement towards independence of a group or organization seeking to separate from a larger association. For example, France has been fighting Corsican separatism for many years: a terrorist organization has been operating on the island of Corsica for a long time, fighting for the independence of this island from France. Similar manifestations of separatism are observed in Spain, where the Basque people are fighting for their own independence, again with the help of terrorist acts. A lot of films have been made and many books have been written about the struggle of Great Britain against the IRA - the Irish Republican Army, which is also the clearest example of an interethnic conflict. If we look at North America, it turns out that in Canada there is a French-speaking part, and there is an English-speaking part, and it is the province of Quebec (French-speaking) that is stubbornly fighting to create its own state.

There are similar problems in the East. If we look at the Middle East, we will see an almost insoluble knot of contradictions associated with the Arab-Israeli confrontation. In essence, they are practically one people (the Semitic-Hamitic group), their languages are very similar, but the contradictions that have developed between the peoples historically have still not been resolved. An almost mononational state - China - also suffers from interethnic conflicts, because in reality China consists of a huge number of peoples and nationalities. The Chinese government is trying to keep this huge mass of people in its hands, but within China the Uyghur Autonomous Region stands out, whose residents are very different from the Chinese in terms of culture and language and want to secede. As a rule, Japan is cited as an example of an absolutely mono-ethnic state and, at the same time, there is a very small group of the indigenous population of the Japanese islands. In fact, today's Japanese are an alien people, but originally a people called the Ainu lived on these islands. These Ainu were driven out and now live on a very small group of small Japanese islands. The Ainu make up 1% of the Japanese population, but they are still trying to achieve some kind of national rights for themselves.

It is good if this struggle is exclusively peaceful, but many examples of wars based on interethnic conflicts can be given. This is why the problem of interethnic dialogue is especially acute for our state. Russia is multinational; the Constitution of our country states that the Russian people are multinational. Imagine the situation if the government begins to “play” on this national field, saying that some people here are exceptional, while others are secondary, of little use, defective. Then our state will simply cease to exist. Imagine that people who call themselves nationalists, that is, they say that they are fighting for the purity of their people, they will begin to defend the exclusivity of any people within the whole of Russia or a certain territory of Russia. It is from this moment, from this exclamation, that the history of our state will end. If we say that Russia is only for Russians, this means that we are losing the status of the Russian Federation, consisting of a huge number of subjects. To say that any of the subjects of our federation is intended only for the life of the titular people means losing the status of a Great Power. Speculation on issues of interethnic relations always ends in disaster. Any attempts to drive a wedge between representatives of different nations is playing with fire, which will lead to disaster.

We live in a very rich and happy country. In order for this country to continue to remain so, we must be attentive to both ourselves and those around us. Only in this way will we be able to increase the wealth that we inherited from our ancestors.

And in the next, final lesson, we will talk about what constitutes deviant behavior.

Bibliography

1. Kravchenko A.I. Social science 8. - M.: Russian word.

2. Nikitin A.F. Social studies 8. - M.: Bustard.

3. Bogolyubov L.N., Gorodetskaya N.I., Ivanova L.F. / Ed. Bogolyubova L.N., Ivanova L.F. Social science 8. - M.: Education.

1. Single portal Social Studies ().

2. Scientific and educational magazine “Skepticism” ().

Homework

1. Explain why the issue of self-identification for a person is so difficult in the modern world.

2. What is separatism? Give some examples of hotbeds of separatism in the world.

3. * Write an essay on the topic: “A person who hates another people does not love his own” (N. Dobrolyubov).

Check yourself.

1. Are the judgments correct:

A. Conflict can only have negative consequences.

B. One type of conflict is intrapersonal.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

2. One strategy in conflict is:

1) avoidance

2) reconciliation

4) opposition

3. Name three negative consequences of conflict.

4. Make detailed plans on the topics: “Conflict”, “Social Conflict”, “Interpersonal Conflict”.

5. Write an essay on the topics: “Agreements prevent conflicts”, “Don’t conflict: make an agreement with a smart person, fool a fool”, “A wise person will always find a way not to start a war”, “Conflict is the intersection of interests. There is no one to blame. There are only reasons."

Pre-class society is represented by such forms of community of people as clan and tribe.

Genus- a group of blood relatives descended from one another

Tribe-combination of several genera.

Nationality-a historically established community of people, united by a common territory, language, culture, follows the tribe and precedes the nation. Nations emerge during the period of development of capitalist relations.

Nation-a historically established community, characterized by developed economic ties, common territory, language, culture, psychological make-up, and self-awareness.

Signs of a nation:

1. unity of territory

2. unity of language

3. common historical destiny

4. general culture

5. general self-awareness - knowledge of the history of one’s people, caring attitude towards the national. traditions, sense of nationality dignity

6. stable statehood

7. unity of economic relations

8. developed social structure

Nationality-belonging to a particular nation Ethnos- a set of people who have a common culture and are aware of this commonality as an expression of a common historical destinies. It is a general concept for a tribe, nationality, nation.

Interethnic relations:

1. relations between different states

2. relations between different nationalities within one country

Forms of interethnic relations:

1. peaceful cooperation

Ethnic mixing (inter-ethnic marriages)

Ethnic absorption- assimilation- complete dissolution of one people into another (VPN, development of North America)

2. ethnic conflict

Main directions in the development of interethnic relations:

1. integration-desire for interaction, expansion of connections, perception of the best (EU)

2. differentiation-the nation’s desire for self-development, sovereignty,

Confrontation between different ethnic groups (protectionism, extremism, separatism, etc.). Separatism- the nation’s desire for separation, isolation.

Interethnic conflict- an extreme form of contradiction between rival national formations created to protect national interests.

Causes of interethnic conflicts:

1. socio-economic - inequality in living standards, access to benefits

2. cultural and linguistic - insufficient use of language and culture in public life

3. ethnodemographic - differences in the level of natural population growth

4. environmental

5. extraterritorial - non-coincidence of borders with the boundaries of settlement of peoples

6. historical - past relationships between peoples

7. confessional

Discrimination- belittlement, belittlement, infringement of rights Nationalism-ideology and politics based on the idea of national superiority and national exclusivity. Chauvinism- extreme degree of nationalism.

Genocide - deliberate and systematic destruction of a population along racial, national or religious lines. Segregation-type of racial discrimination.

Ways to resolve interethnic conflicts:

1. humanistic approach to solving national problems. problems

Voluntary search for consent and non-violence

Recognition of the priority of human rights over the rights of the state, society, peoples

Respect for the sovereignty of peoples

2. negotiations between conflicting parties

3. information path - exchange of information between the parties about possible measures to overcome conflict situations.

4. application of the legal mechanism.

Goals of the national policy of the Russian Federation:

Legislative consolidation of the rights of nationalities

Creating favorable conditions for the development of nationalities - coordinating national interests

Principles of the national policy of the Russian Federation:

Equality of rights and freedoms of citizens

Prohibition of discrimination

Maintaining Integrity

Equality of subjects

Right to nationality

Peaceful Conflict Resolution

Support for compatriots abroad

Guaranteeing the rights of small peoples

Promoting the development of national cultures.

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A nation is an autonomous political grouping, not limited by territorial boundaries, whose members are committed to common values and institutions. Representatives of one nation no longer have a common ancestor and common origin. They do not necessarily have a common language or religion, but the nationality that unites them was formed thanks to a common history and culture.

Signs of a nation:

communities of territory;
community of language;
community of economic life;
general features of mental makeup;
national identity.

The nation emerges during the birth of capitalism. During this period, classes, the internal market and a unified economic structure, their own literature, and art took shape. Nations are more numerous than nationalities, numbering tens and hundreds of millions. On the basis of a single territory, language and economy, a single national character and mental makeup are formed. There is a very strong feeling of solidarity with your nation. National-patriotic and national liberation movements, interethnic strife, wars and conflicts arise as a sign that a nation has formed and is fighting for its sovereignty.

Ethnic groups are large groups of people, distinguished on the basis of a common culture, language, and awareness of the indissolubility of historical destiny.

Social communities defined by ethnicity are diverse. First of all, these are tribes, nationalities and nations.

Nations are the most developed ethnic entities that arose on the basis of linguistic, territorial, cultural, economic, socio-psychological community. They are most characteristic of the modern world, in which there are at least two thousand different ethnic groups.

Russia is a multinational state. The non-Russian population makes up about 18% and includes, according to the authors of the 1994 microcensus program, representatives of more than 170 ethnic groups. Ethnographic specialists sometimes count 1.5 - 2 times more ethnic communities in Russia. In terms of its national-state structure, the Russian Federation has no analogues in the world. Among the subjects of the Russian Federation, 32 have the status of national-territorial, for which more than 40 ethnic groups are “indigenous”. About 7% of the population, including about 130 ethnic groups and ethnic groups, do not have national-territorial entities in Russia.

Interethnic relations have always been distinguished by their contradictory nature - a tendency towards cooperation and periodic conflicts. Interethnic relations are a particularly delicate matter. Violation or infringement of national interests, discrimination against individual nations give rise to extremely complex problems and conflicts.

Nationalism is an ideology, the essence of which is preaching the uniqueness and/or exclusivity of one’s people, the priority of national values, etc.

The extreme form of nationalism is chauvinism, which preaches the exclusivity of one’s nation, opposing the interests of one’s nation to the interests of other nations, inciting national enmity and hatred.

Nationalism arises as a reaction of an ethnic group to the destructive actions of the external environment. As a political principle, nationalism was formed in the processes of formation of states and the collapse of empires. At the present stage, the nationalism of many ethnic communities is a kind of response to the intensifying global process of internationalization.

Causes of interethnic conflicts:

territorial disputes;
historical tensions between peoples;
the policy of discrimination pursued by the dominant nation;
attempts by national political elites to use national feelings for the sake of their own popularity;
the desire of peoples to create their own statehood.

When resolving these conflicts, it is necessary to observe the humanistic principles of policy in the field of national relations:

renunciation of violence and coercion;
seeking agreement based on the consensus of all participants;
recognition of human rights and freedoms as the most important value;
readiness for a peaceful resolution of controversial issues.

The nature of national relations is determined by two interrelated trends: towards differentiation and towards integration.

Every nation strives for self-development, to preserve its national identity, language, and culture. These aspirations are realized in the process of their differentiation, which can take the form of a struggle for national self-determination and the creation of an independent national state.

On the other hand, the self-development of nations in the modern world is impossible without their close interaction, cooperation, exchange of cultural values, overcoming alienation, and maintaining mutually beneficial contacts. The trend towards integration is intensifying due to the need to solve global problems facing humanity, with the successes of the scientific and technological revolution. It must be borne in mind that these trends are interconnected: the diversity of national cultures does not lead to their isolation, and the rapprochement of nations does not mean the disappearance of differences between them.

Interethnic relations are a particularly delicate matter. Violation or infringement of national interests, discrimination against individual nations give rise to extremely complex problems and conflicts.

In the modern world, including in Russia, there are interethnic conflicts caused by various reasons:

territorial disputes;
historically arisen tensions in relations between peoples;
the policy of discrimination carried out by the dominant nation against small nations and peoples;
attempts by national political elites to use national feelings for the sake of their own popularity;
the desire of peoples to leave the multinational state and create their own statehood.

It should be borne in mind that the international community, when resolving interethnic conflicts, proceeds from the priority of state integrity, the inviolability of established borders, the inadmissibility of separatism and related violence.

When resolving interethnic conflicts, it is necessary to observe the humanistic principles of policy in the field of national relations:

renunciation of violence and coercion;
seeking agreement based on the consensus of all participants;
recognition of human rights and freedoms as the most important value;
readiness for a peaceful resolution of controversial issues.

What is interethnic relations? These are certain relationships that arise between ethnic groups, which cover all spheres of public life without exception.

In the modern world, relations between peoples play a big role, since the process of globalization determines constant contacts and cultural exchange between ethnic groups. Interethnic integration is taking place. An example of such integration is the EU, where peoples unite culturally, economically and politically.

In addition to the political integration strategy (EU), there are other types of integration process. Example – USA, “melting pot” concept. This expression means that in America people belonging to different ethnic groups mix, the peoples that make up the United States are united into a common ethnic group “Americans”. The USA is a country founded by emigrants from all over the world.

Another process is possible, called ethnic mixing (mixing). It occurs when, in the mixing of several ethnic groups, one new one is formed. For example, the tundra peasants in Yakutia are a people who have absorbed both Russian and Yakut national characteristics. The tundra peasants retained the Orthodox faith, but entered into marriages with the indigenous peoples of Siberia. There was a mutual exchange of everyday life, which led to the formation of a new ethnic group.

There is a phenomenon of assimilation, when the culture of one people is “absorbed” by another. One of the peoples is deprived of its own language, national identity, customs, traditions, and culture. This process can occur either peacefully (assimilation by Russian settlers of the Finno-Ugric peoples of northeastern Rus': Chud, Merya, all) or violently (Arab conquerors assimilated the Christian population who had lived for a long time in the Middle East).

Scientists highlight the process of acculturation, in which two cultures that are different from each other become similar to each other and mix. Nations can both integrate and differentiate.

Based on nationality, states are usually divided into multinational and mononational. The Russian Federation is a striking example of a multinational state, because almost 200 different peoples live in Russia. For example, Portugal can be called a mononational state, where the Portuguese ethnic group makes up the overwhelming majority. National problems can arise in almost any country, so the authorities should know about the main types of national policies:

The policy of multiculturalism. Its goal is to preserve individual cultural differences between peoples in the state and ensure peaceful coexistence while preserving the identity of ethnic groups. The American “melting pot” is the direct opposite of this method, because it does not preserve the uniqueness of peoples in the state, but the unification of nations into one large ethnic group.
Nationalism. This policy extols the nation, the people as the highest value. Outbursts of nationalism have more than once led to negative consequences; populists and demagogues have repeatedly appealed to a sense of national greatness and pride in order to persuade people to take cruel measures against other peoples. Nationalism is not popular when the state has friendly relations between nations; it becomes more active if difficult times come. Populists manage to appeal to a primitive sense of national pride when the situation in the country is unstable and interethnic conflicts are brewing.
Chauvinism. The policy is named “in honor” of Chauvin. He was a soldier in Napoleon's army and fiercely approved of the conquests of the French emperor. The term “chauvinism” refers to excessive, excessive nationalist policies.
Discrimination. Such a policy deprives people of any nationality of certain rights and puts them in a humiliated position in relation to the “privileged” people. Jews in the Russian Empire were subject to severe discrimination. There was a “Pale of Settlement” - a limited territory in which Jews had the right to live.
Apartheid. Extremely severe discriminatory measures are applied to a certain ethnic group. Apartheid became especially widespread in South Africa, where the descendants of the Boer colonists did not perceive the indigenous population of Africa as equal people. Africans were allocated certain territories outside of which they were forbidden to live. Their places of residence were called “bantustans”.
Segregation. If such a policy is pursued, then a certain ethnic group is deprived of part of its rights due to nationality.
Genocide. Total extermination of unwanted people. Destruction of civilians on ethnic, religious, or other grounds. The creation of concentration camps and other measures aimed at the complete, total destruction of the people. The Turks committed genocide during the First World War. The Turks killed Armenians, Pontic Greeks and Assyrians. It is worth noting that Türkiye still refuses to recognize the fact of genocide.
Holocaust. The policy of Nazi Germany aimed at the complete destruction of the Jewish people and everything connected with them. More than half of the world's Jews died in the Nazi Holocaust.
Separatism. Separatists are people who strive to separate their own people from the state. The Spanish Basques, who have been seeking independence for many years, can be called separatists of modern life.

Interethnic relations. Ethnosocial conflicts. Ways to resolve them

An interethnic conflict is a clash of interests of peoples. It can occur for various reasons, which are outlined below:

Religious reasons. Crusades, Reconquista, Arab conquests.
Economic reasons. A dispute over any resource, property, profitable territory. For many years, France and Germany fought over Alsace and Lorraine, where valuable coal deposits are located.
Cultural. Peoples living in the same state and having different ways of life and traditions may enter into conflict on cultural grounds.
"Clash of Civilizations". When two large nations defending two different models of values collide, a clash of civilizations occurs. The wars of merchant Carthage and agricultural Rome are a vivid example of such a conflict.
Historical reasons. Armenia and Azerbaijan have been in conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh for many years.

Types of interethnic conflicts:

Stereotype conflict. The people have a negative perception of their neighbor, due to the historical past. This leads to conflict, for example, between Palestinians and Jews.
Ideological conflict. A nation makes territorial claims to lands that it considers historically its own. Byzantium had such claims to the territory of the former Roman Empire.

Interethnic conflicts must be resolved so that peoples can interact normally. There are the following strategies for resolving conflict situations:

Determine what demands the warring parties have and try to find a compromise solution.
Use sanctions. Economic restrictions and military intervention. The last method is very controversial. On the one hand, it is possible to destroy the radicals, but on the other hand, this may lead to a further escalation of the conflict.
Reach a temporary break. The parties will calm down and be ready to cooperate.
Take preventive measures to prevent conflict.

Nations and interethnic relations are an important topic in modern society.

Over the long history of mankind, various nations have formed and changed, mixing with others and introducing their own characteristics into them. These processes are associated with the settlement and movement of large groups of people.

Concept

In modern society, the formation of nations has become established, although there is still room for local changes. Nations do not exist in isolation; on the contrary, they are in constant interaction. Let's find out what interethnic relations are and briefly consider their varieties.

Interethnic relations are a type of social relations in which different nations are participants.

There are two main types of interethnic relations:

within one state;
between nations of different countries.

The study of the problem of interethnic relations began in America. In this country, the question of the relationship between the white and black populations, which, due to the peculiarities of historical development, had to establish joint activities within the framework of one state, became acute.

Problems of interethnic relations

The interaction of nations does not always proceed peacefully; sometimes difficulties and contradictions that arise cause aggression and even military clashes.
The reasons for this may be:

different levels of development and culture of peoples;
the desire to survive and achieve privileges, get rid of discrimination;
struggle for economic resources.

We can give examples of countries in which relations between nations occurred peacefully (Modern America) and non-peacefully (the Conquest of neighboring peoples by the Roman Empire).

TOP 4 articleswho are reading along with this

The most acceptable way to establish ties between peoples is the formation of multinational states. They recognize the rights and freedoms of all nations, prohibit discrimination on national grounds, and allow the use of their native language in everyday life and education.

Despite the universal recognition of the right of nations to preserve their traditions and free use of language, in everyday life conflicts between representatives of different nations occur quite often. They occur because some people are not ready to put up with a foreign culture that seems strange and wrong to them. This attitude towards the traditions of other peoples and confidence in the correctness of only one’s way of life is called ethnocentrism.

Racial and national discrimination does not correspond to the principles operating in the modern world community, therefore any forms of its manifestation raise the need to regulate and take measures to prevent such cases.

National politics

In Russia, as a multinational state, in conditions of constant international integration (establishing relations with other states), the issue of national policy is one of the most important.

The state strives to prevent national hatred by destroying and preventing any differences in the rights of peoples. Thus, the use of the native language is permitted, including in educational institutions, as a school subject. Trends in the development of interethnic relations in Russia are associated with the organization of peaceful and constructive dialogue between different cultures, their mutual enrichment, mutual acceptance and respect (tolerance).

What have we learned?

Having studied the topic of 11th grade social studies, we found out that interethnic relations are relations between the peoples of one or several states. The issue of nations and interethnic relations is of particular importance in modern society. It is intended to eliminate any manifestations of discrimination against nations, to open free access to every person to the benefits of society.