Who painted the picture of the ship grove. Essay based on Shishkin's painting "ship grove"

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (TTK)

CONSTRUCTION OF A PREFABRICATED, REINFORCED CONCRETE RAINWELL FOR STORM Drainage

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

1.1. A standard technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive regulatory document that establishes, according to a specific technology, the organization of work processes for the construction of a structure using the most modern means mechanization, progressive designs and methods of performing work. They are designed for some average production conditions. The TTK is intended for use in the development of Work Performance Projects (WPR) and other organizational and technological documentation, as well as for the purpose of familiarizing (training) workers and engineers with the rules for the production of work on the installation of a round rainwater intake well made of precast reinforced concrete for a gravity storm network sewerage, using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and methods of performing work.

1.2. The map shows a diagram of the technological process, outlines optimal solutions for the organization and technology of work when installing a rainwater well using rational means of mechanization, provides data on quality control and acceptance of work, industrial safety and labor protection requirements during the production of work.

1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of technological maps is: SNiP, SN, SP, GESN-2001 ENiR, production standards for material consumption, local progressive standards and prices, labor cost standards, material and technical resource consumption standards.

1.4. The purpose of creating the TC is to describe solutions for the organization and technology of constructing a rainwater collection well in order to ensure their High Quality, and:

- cost reduction;

- reduction of construction duration;

- ensuring the safety of work performed;

- organizing rhythmic work;

- rational use labor resources and cars;

- unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Work Project), Working Technological Maps (RTC) are developed for the implementation individual species work on the construction of a rainwater collection well.

Design features for the construction of a rainwater intake well are decided in each specific case by the Working Design. The composition and degree of detail of materials developed in the RTK are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and volume of work performed. Working flow charts are reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting Construction Organization, in agreement with the Customer's organization, the Customer's Technical Supervision.

1.6. The technological map is intended for work manufacturers, foremen and foremen performing work on the construction of a rainwater collection well, as well as the Customer’s technical supervision workers and is designed for specific conditions of work in the third temperature zone.

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map has been developed for a set of works on the construction of a rainwater collection well.

2.2. Work on the construction of a rainwater collection well is carried out in one shift, the duration of working hours during a shift is:

Where 0.06 is the coefficient of reduction in efficiency due to an increase in the duration of the work shift from 8 hours to 10 hours.

2.3. The work sequentially performed when constructing a rainwater collection pit includes the following technological operations:

- excavation development;

- installation of a well and discharge into a storm sewer;

- backfilling of the pit sinuses.

2.4. The technological map provides for the work to be carried out by a complex mechanized unit consisting of: dump truck KamAZ-55111 , (with a lifting capacity of 13.0 t); excavator-bulldozer "Belorus 82.1" EO-2621, (bucket volume 0.28 m, digging depth 3.9 m); vibratory rammers LD 80D(compaction depth 0.40 m, weight 20 kg); truck crane KS-4561A(load capacity 16.0 t) as a driving mechanism.

Fig.1. KAMAZ-55111 dump truck

Fig.2. Single-bucket excavator EO-2621V

Fig.3. Vibratory rammer LD 80D

Fig.4. Truck crane KS-4561A

Fig.5. Height and load characteristics of the KS-4561A crane

2.5. A reinforced concrete rain well is a closed structure with a bottom, side walls and a top cover, into which storm sewer pipes enter and exit. It is manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8020-90, series N 3.900-3, issue 7. This technological map uses reinforced concrete wall rings KS10-6 (see Fig. 6) sizes 1160 mm, 1060 mm, 890 mm, 0.60 t, volume 0.24 m; reinforced concrete well slab PL-3(see Fig. 7) sizes 1820 mm, 1820 mm, 1500 mm, 1.25 t, volume 0.50 m; reinforced concrete bottom slab PN-15(see Fig. 8) size 2000 mm, 120 mm, 0.94 t, volume 0.38 m;

Fig.9. Cast iron hatch with grate

2.6. Work should be performed in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

- SP 48.13330.2011. Organization of construction;

- SNiP 3.01.03-84. Geodetic work in construction;

- SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earthworks, bases and foundations;

- SNiP 3.05.04-85* “External networks and structures of water supply and sewerage”;

- SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

- SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

- RD 11-02-2006. Requirements for the composition and procedure for maintaining as-built documentation during construction, reconstruction, major repairs of capital construction projects and requirements for inspection reports of work, structures, sections of engineering support networks;

- RD 11-05-2007. The procedure for maintaining a general and (or) special log of work performed during construction, reconstruction, and major repairs of capital construction projects.

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

3.1. In accordance with SP 48.13330.2001 “Construction Organization”, before the start of construction and installation work at the site, the Contractor is obliged to obtain from the Customer in the prescribed manner project documentation and permission to carry out construction and installation work. Carrying out work without permission is prohibited.

3.2. Before the start of work on constructing a rainwater collection well, it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational and technical measures, including:

- appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work, as well as their control and quality of execution;

- conduct safety training for team members;

- install, mount and test construction machines, mechanisms and equipment according to the nomenclature provided for by the Work Project and the Technological Map;

- prepare and install in the brigade’s work area equipment, devices and means for the safe performance of work;

- provide workers with tools and personal protective equipment;

- build permanent and temporary access roads and roads to the facility (site) necessary for the work;

- install a fence around the pit being developed;

- fence off the site and hazardous areas;

- provide communication for operational dispatch control of work;

- install temporary inventory household storage facilities building materials, tools, equipment, heating workers, eating, drying and storing work clothes, bathrooms, etc.;

- prepare places for storing materials, inventory and other necessary equipment;

- provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and alarm systems;

- draw up an act of readiness of the facility for work;

- obtain permission to carry out work from the Customer’s technical supervision.

3.3. Before starting work on the installation of a rainwater collection well, the following work must be completed:

- construction materials were delivered to the site: crushed stone fr. 40-70 mm, prefabricated reinforced concrete wells, cast iron hatch with grating (see Fig. 6-9);

- the location of the well is shown in nature;

- permits have been obtained from all organizations operating underground structures (communications) not only at the excavation site, but also in places where soil and building materials are stored;

- the route has been cleared of buildings and green spaces.

The completion of preparatory work is recorded in the General Work Log (The recommended form is given in RD 11-05-2007).

3.4. Scope of construction and installation work for installing a rainwater collection well:

- geodetic marking works;

- excavation development;

- device for concrete preparation with a thickness of 100 mm;

- laying a reinforced concrete bottom slab;

- installation of a concrete tray with installation and removal of metal formwork, grouting and ironing of the surface;

- installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wall structures;

- sealing of rainwater pipeline pipes;

- installation of a hatch with a grill and running brackets;

- waterproofing of walls and bottom with application of primer and hot bitumen in 2 times;

- backfilling of the pit sinuses, with layer-by-layer compaction.

3.5. Rainwater collection wells are installed in the following sequence:

- the bottom of the well is arranged before the sewerage pipes are lowered into the trench;

- the walls of the well are erected after laying the pipes in the trench;

- a tray in the well is installed after laying the pipes and erecting the walls up to the pipe shelya.

3.6. The procedure for carrying out marking work

3.6.1. Laying out a well pit includes securing the center of the well, installing a cast-off fixed at a distance of 0.6-0.7 m from the edge of the pit, and transferring marks and axes to the cast-off.

3.6.2. Upon completion of the survey work on the transfer of the main axes and marks into nature, an acceptance certificate for geodetic work on the transfer of underground networks into nature and an executive layout diagram are drawn up.

3.6.3. The executive alignment diagram must record the actual values ​​of the bindings and marks of the signs for securing the well alignment network.

The diagram should contain:

- a diagram of the points, axes and established anchorage marks with the necessary references;

- information about the method of fixing points and the design of signs.

3.7. Pit development

3.7.1. The volume of soil for wells is determined as the difference between the width of the well pit and the width of the trench, multiplied by the length of the wells (along the pipeline) and the height of the trenches, with the addition of the volume of soil for deepening the base of the well. The depth of the well is determined from its base to the top of the hatch.

With an internal diameter of the well of 0.8 m and a depth of 4.0 m, the dimensions of the pit will be 2.4x2.4 m, 23.04 m.

Ministry of Construction of the MSSR
Design and technology trust Orgstroy

ROUTING
for the installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells on water supply networks

Chief engineer of the trust. Presman

Head of Department E. Shafir

Group leader V. Trushchenkov

Chisinau 1969

Section I
Scope of application of the technological map.

The technological map has been developed for the installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells of the type K.B. -17 (standard design 4-18-378) on water supply networks. The depth of the well is 3.0 m, the diameter of the working chamber is 1.0 m. The construction of wells is provided on subsidence soils in areas with a calculated seismicity of no more than 7 points.

Section II
Technical and economic indicators.

The labor intensity of constructing 1 well is 19.98 man-hours

Salary - 9-00 rub.

Costs of machine shifts

mechanisms: truck cranes L A Z-690 0.246 machine shifts

bulldozer D-1596 0.024 machine shifts

excavator E-302 0.040 machine shifts.

Section III
Organization and technology of the construction process

1. Work on the installation of wells on external water supply networks is necessarycarry out in accordance with SNiP III -G.4-62 (Water supply and sewerage. External pipelines and structures) and SNiP III-A. II -62 (Safety in construction).

Before starting work on constructing wells, the following must be done:

Make a breakdown of well construction sites;

Clear the area of ​​forest, bushes, etc.;

Demolish or move buildings and structures from the construction site;

Establish temporary roads or exits from permanent roads to service construction.

2. Transportation of reinforced concrete well elements and other building materials (mortar, cement, reinforcement) to well construction sites is carried out by trucks with trailers from the supply bases of construction and installation organizations.

3. The construction of wells is carried out in the following sequence:

Development of a pit;

Cleaning the bottom of the pit, checking compliance with the design of the bottom marks and the steepness of the slopes;

Treatment of the base for wells with tar or bitumen materials to a depth of at least 0.2 m with careful compaction;

Concrete preparation device;

Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete well elements;

Grouting the joints between the well elements with cement mortar;

Insulation of the inner surface of the well with bitumen to a height of 1.0 m;

Backfilling the well with soil with careful compaction and installation of a waterproof lock on the pipe entries;

Construction of a concrete blind area around the well neck 1.5 m wide.

Due to the fact that pits for wells are being developed simultaneously with trenches, issues of excavation work are not considered in this technological map. In calculating the costs of constructing wells, only the amount of excavation work that is associated with widening the trenches in the places where the wells are installed is taken into account.

CONSTRUCTION OF WELLS

1. Preparation of the foundations for wells is carried out as earthworks are completed at the site.

2. A preparation made of M-50 concrete 100 mm thick and a reinforced concrete slab for the bottom of the well are laid on the base.

3. After checking the correct installation of the well bottom, the reinforced concrete elements of the well are installed using a truck crane.

4. All elements of the well are installed on M-50 cement mortar.

5. Insulation of the inner surface of the well is carried out with hot bitumen 2 times over the primer to a height of 1.0 m from the bottom.

6. The construction of a clay castle is carried out after the pipelines are sealed. The width of the clay castle is taken to be 300 mm, and the height is 600 mm greater than the outer diameter of the pipelines connected to the well.

7. The pit is backfilled using a bulldozer. Soil compaction is carried out using pneumatic rammers during the process of backfilling the pit.

8. Checking the level of the well is checked using a level and slats.

Section IV
Organization and methods of workers' labor.

Work on the construction of water wells is carried out by two units. The composition of units by profession and the work they perform is shown in the table below.

Human.

The placement of equipment, devices and tools in the work area during the installation of wells is shown in the work flow diagram.

Construction of a concrete blind area around the well neck.

METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF WORK Work on constructing wells (except for backfilling the pit with soil) is carried out by unit no. I

the following composition:

Pipelayer4 r. - 1 person (1) link

Pipelayer4 r. - 1 person (2)

Pipelayer3 r. - 2 people (3;4)

Pipelayer2 r. - 1 person (5)

Before starting work on constructing a well, the pipelayer (3) cleans the slopes and bottom of the pit, checks compliance with the design of the bottom elevation and the steepness of the slopes of the pit.

Pipelayers (4 and 5) are busy working on impregnating the soil at the base of the well with bitumen, compacting it and setting up concrete preparation.

The pipe layer (4) loosens the soil at the base of the well, mixes it with bitumen and compacts it using a tamper handle, and the pipe layer (5) heats the bitumen in a mobile boiler, carries it and lowers it in a closed container into the pit and insulates the inner surface of the reinforced concrete rings bitumen.

After preparing the base, pipelayers (4 and 5) begin concrete preparation. The pipe layer (5) delivers the concrete mixture into the pit along a wooden tray, and the pipe layer (4) places it on the prepared well base.

The truck crane operator (6), pipelayers (1, 2, 3) and the pipelayers (4 and 5) who joined them after the concrete preparation for the well were installed perform work on preparation for installation and installation of the well elements.

The arrangement of workers during the installation of the well: the pipe layer (4) is at the top of the pit and is engaged in slinging loads, the pipe layers (1 and 2) are in the pit installing the well elements, the pipe layer (5) is busy with auxiliary work and the pipe layer (3) is in preparation for carrying out work in the next pit.

The pipe layer (4), having secured the bottom of the well with a four-legged sling, gives a signal to the truck crane machine to lift the load. After a test lift to a height of 0.1-0.2 m above ground level, the pipe layer (4) checks the reliability of the sling and allows the block to be delivered to the installation site. Pipelayers (1 and 2), having accepted the reinforced concrete bottom, install it on the concrete preparation of the well, aligning the mark of the well axis with a level and a rod. After verifying that the bottom is installed correctly, the pipe layers (1 and 2) sling it and the pipe layer (1) tells the crane operator to remove the slings and prepare the next element of the well for installation.

Pipes mating to the well are laid on the laid bottom, a valve is installed, and after installing the lower block of the well, bitumen insulation is applied. Installation of the remaining elements of the well should be carried out only after the work listed above has been completed. Reinforced concrete elements of the well are installed on M-50 cement mortar. The mortar protruding from the seams is removed, and the seam is thoroughly rubbed inside and outside the well.

The correct installation of the rings is checked by level and plumb.

Inventory ladders and platforms are used as scaffolding when installing a well.

The final operations of constructing a well are filling it with soil and compacting it with pneumatic rammers, installing a hatch and installing a concrete blind area.

Backfilling of the trench and pit of the well is carried out using a bulldozer in layers of 1-1.5 m with compaction of each layer using pneumatic rammers.

The soil is compacted by a pipe layer (4) from unit No. 1. The concrete blind area is arranged by pipe layers (2 and 5) from unit No. 1. The pipe layer (5) scatters crushed stone around the neck of the well, followed by compacting it, and the pipe layer (2) lays it on the prepared base concrete and levels it.

Work schedule for the device precast concrete wellswith a diameter of 1.0 m and a depth of 3.0 m on water supply networks.

Note: The labor costs of the truck crane operator are not taken into account in the schedule.

SAFETY

Work in excavations with slopes that have been moistened after soil removal is permitted provided that precautions are taken against soil collapse, namely:

a) a thorough inspection by the workman or foreman before the start of each change in the condition of the soil and its artificial collapse in places where “peaks” and cracks are found at the edges and on the slopes;

b) temporary cessation of work in the excavation until the soil is drained if there is a danger of a collapse;

c) local reduction of the steepness of the slope in areas where work in the excavation is urgent;

d) traffic ban Vehicle and mechanisms within the collapse prism.

When installing a well, a person from among the engineers must be appointed who is responsible for the safe execution of work on moving and installing loads with cranes.

All lifting mechanisms and devices (crane, slings) must be periodically checked before starting operation, as well as during operation, in accordance with the rules of Gosgortekhnadzor.

When installing well elements, the crane must operate on outriggers. The lifting capacity of the slings must correspond to the weight of the load being lifted. Lifting and moving of well elements is carried out only after checking the correctness and reliability of their slinging.

When lifting, moving and lowering the well elements with a crane, it is prohibited for people to remain in the area of ​​its operation; the well elements must not be allowed to be moved above the pipelayers’ workplace. The supplied well element should be lowered above the place of its installation by no more than 30 cm, and only from this position will the pipelayers direct it to the design position.

Workers who are at least 18 years old, who have undergone a medical examination and are trained in special program, approved by Gosgortekhnadzor and certified by the qualification commission with the issuance of certificates.

Unslinging the installed well elements is allowed only after they have been firmly and securely fastened. It is prohibited to swing a suspended load and leave it hanging without supervision, as well as to carry out installation in a wind force of more than 6 points.

The operation of a jib crane near power lines is permitted only if the horizontal distance between extreme point mechanism, cargo ropes (cables) or load (at the greatest reach of the working body) and the nearest power line wire will be no less than that indicated in Table 1.

Permissible horizontal distances from operating machines to power lines.

Table 1.

When moving a jib crane, as well as when transporting well elements under the wires of existing power lines, the vertical distance between the top point of the machine and load being moved and the lowest point of sag of the wire must be no less than that indicated in Table 2.

Permissible vertical distance from the equipment being moved to the wires.

Table 2.

Subject to the above breaks, work can be carried out if there is written permission from the energy supply organization to carry out work under security conditions and if the crane operator has a work permit. a execution of work, signed by the chief engineer of the SUM. This work must be carried out under the direct supervision of an engineer and technical worker appointed by order and having permission from the State Mining and Technical Supervision Authority.

Loading of rigging equipment exceeding that for which this equipment is approved for operation is not allowed.

Loads must be slinged according to pre-developed schemes.

Lifting loads covered with earth, snow or frozen to the ground is not permitted. It is prohibited to pull (drag) loads with lifting mechanisms by slanting ropes or turning the boom.

It is strictly forbidden to leave lifted loads suspended. Removing hooks from lowered structures is permitted only after installing them in the design position. Moving structures after their installation and removal of gripping devices is prohibited.

The mortar under the installed structures must be laid before the structure is delivered to the place of its installation.

Heating bitumen within wells, trenches and other cramped places is prohibited. Due to the fact that hot bitumen can cause burns if it comes into contact with the human body, even if covered with ordinary cotton fabric, workers must be provided with the following protective clothing and footwear:

a) canvas jackets and trousers (trousers must be wide and worn over the shoulder);

b) leather shoes or boots;

c) canvas mittens;

d) glasses with simple lenses to protect the eyes from accidental splashes of hot mastic.

Overalls must always be in perfect working order. Work without complete set special clothing and shoes are not allowed.

Section V
Material and technical resources.

1. Basic materials and products.

Machinery, equipment and power tools.

Inventory and devices.

Section VI
Cost calculation for installing a water well with a diameter of 1 m and a depth of 3.0 m.

Construction of a concrete blind area:

Notes

2. 1. When excavating a well, all elements are installed on an M-50 solution. Inner surface

the well is primed with a solution of bitumen in gasoline and painted with hot bitumen twice to a height of 1.0 m.

SCHEME OF WORK PRODUCTION WHEN CONSTRUCTION OF WELLS.

Conventions.

1 - LAZ-690 truck crane;

2 - Elements of a prefabricated reinforced concrete well;

3 - Box with concrete;

4 - Box with solution;

5 - Pit;

6 - Pipeline;

7 - Mobile boiler for heating bitumen;

8 - Container with primer;

9 - Staircase-landing;

10 - Staircase for descending into the pit;

11 – Concrete tray.Note: R

See section A-A on the next page. R

section A-A

from 16 kg

ADJUSTING STONES AND THEIR LAYING SCHEME

Chief engineer of the trust Y. Presman

Head of Department E. Shafir

Team leader V. Trushchenkov

Chisinau, 1969

The technological map has been developed for the installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete round sewer wells of type KN-13 (standard project 4-18-379). The depth of the well is 3.0 m, the diameter of the working chamber is 1.0 m. The construction of wells is provided on subsidence soils in areas with a calculated seismicity of no more than 7 points.

SECTION II.

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

The labor intensity of constructing 1 well is 26.88 man-hours

Salary - 13-36 rubles.

Costs of machine shifts:

excavator E-302 - 0.040 machine shifts

mobile crane MZ-690 - 0.265 machine shifts

bulldozer D-159B - 0.024 machine shifts

SECTION III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

1. Before starting work on constructing wells, the following must be done:

Make a breakdown of well construction sites;

Clear the area of ​​forest, bushes, etc.

Demolish or move buildings and structures from the construction site;

Establish temporary roads or exits from permanent roads to service construction.

2. Transportation of reinforced concrete well elements and other building materials (mortar, cement, reinforcement) to well construction sites is carried out by trucks with trailers from the supply bases of construction and installation organizations.

3. The construction of wells is carried out in the following sequence;

Development of a pit;

Cleaning the bottom of the pit, checking compliance with the design of the bottom marks and the steepness of the slopes;

Treatment of the base for wells with tar or bitumen materials to a depth of at least 0.2 m with careful compaction;

Concrete preparation device;

Construction of a concrete tray, reinforced with horizontal reinforcing mesh, and sealing of the ends of the incoming and outgoing pipes;

Insulation of the inner surface of reinforced concrete rings with bitumen mastic;

Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete well elements;

Grouting the joints between the well elements with cement mortar;

Cement plaster and iron tray;

Backfilling the well with soil with careful compaction and installation of a waterproof lock on the pipe entries;

Construction of a concrete blind area around the well neck 1.5 m wide;

Insulation of joints of reinforced concrete well rings with hot bitumen over a primer;

Well testing (after completion of construction of the sewer network section). Due to the fact that pits for wells are being developed simultaneously with trenches, in this issues of excavation work are not considered. In calculating the costs of constructing wells, only the amount of excavation work that is associated with widening the trenches in the places where the wells are installed is taken into account.

CONSTRUCTION OF WELLS

1. Preparation of the foundations for wells is carried out as earthworks are completed at the site.

2. A preparation of 100 mm thick M-50 concrete is laid on the base.

3. The reinforcement mesh of the tray base is laid on the concrete preparation, the incoming and outgoing pipelines are installed in the design position and a tray made of M-100 concrete is installed.

4. After the concrete tray has acquired the required strength, the prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of the well are installed using a truck crane.

5. For slinging the elements, a four-leg sling with a lifting capacity of 2.0 tons is used.

6. All elements of the well are installed on M-50 cement mortar.

7. The construction of a clay castle is carried out after sealing the pipelines in the walls of the well. The width of the clay castle is taken to be 300 mm, and the height is 600 mm greater than the outer diameter of the pipelines connected to the well.

Well test

Wells of free-flow pipelines with internal waterproofing are tested for density by determining water leakage.

Testing of wells can be carried out either together with pipelines or separately. Before filling wells and trenches with soil, a preliminary test is carried out, and after filling, a final test is carried out.

Wells are tested for density no earlier than 24 hours after they are filled with water. Hydraulic pressure in a well in a leak test is created by filling the well to the top with water.

Wells are considered to have passed the preliminary test if no visible water leaks are detected during inspection. The amount of leakage should be determined by the volume of water added to the well to the original level during the test time, which should last at least 30 minutes. In this case, a decrease in the water level in the well is allowed no more than 20 cm. The well is recognized as having passed the final density test if the leakage or inflow determined during the test is equal to 60 l/day or less than this value.

Backfilling of trenches and pits

After testing the wells and pipelines, the well pits and trenches are backfilled layer by layer with soil using a bulldozer. Soil compaction is carried out using pneumatic rammers.

SECTION IV. AND METHODS OF LABOR WORKERS

Work prior to the construction of sewer wells is carried out by four specialized units: concrete workers, pipe layers, insulators and bulldozer operators.

The composition of units by profession and the work they perform are shown in the table.

The placement of equipment, devices and tools in the work area during the installation of wells is shown in the work flow diagram.

SEQUENCE OF WORK EXECUTION

Construction of a concrete blind area around the well neck.

The installation of concrete preparation and trays is carried out by unit No. 1 of the following composition:

concrete worker 4 r. - 1 person (1) link;

concrete worker 2 r. - 1 person (2).

The concrete mixture delivered to the well installation site is supplied by the concrete worker (2) to the laying site along a wooden tray. A concrete worker (1) located in the pit places concrete at the base of the well and compacts it using a hand tamper.

After the concrete preparation is installed, a reinforcing mesh is laid on it and the tray is concreted. Cleaning the bottom and slopes of the pit, preparing the base for the well, sealing the pipes in the tray and installing the well elements is carried out by unit No. 2 of the following composition:

truck crane operator 5 r. - 1 person (1)

pipe layer 4 r. - 1 person (2) link

pipe layer 4 r. - 1 person (3)

pipe layer 3 r. - 2 people (4;5)

pipe layer 2 r. - 1 person (6).

Before starting work on constructing a well, the pipelayer (4) cleans the slopes and bottom of the pit, checks compliance with the design of the bottom elevation and the steepness of the slopes of the pit.

Pipelayers (6 and 5) are busy working to saturate the soil at the base of the well with bitumen. The loosened and bitumen-impregnated soil is leveled and compacted using hand tampers.

Pipelayers (2 and 3) are busy preparing for the installation of reinforced concrete rings of the well, sealing pipelines into the tray, installing the well rings and installing a clay castle at the junction of the pipelines with the tray.

Arrangement of workers during the installation of wells: the pipe layer (5) is at the top and is engaged in slinging loads, the pipe layers (2 and 3) are engaged in the installation of well elements in the pit, the pipe layer (4) is engaged in preparing the bases of the wells for installation and grouting the seams of the mounted well elements, and the pipe layer (6) - for auxiliary work (cleaning the reinforced concrete rings of the well from contamination, carrying materials, tools, etc.).

The pipe layer (5), having secured the lower ring of the well with a four-legged sling, gives a signal to the crane operator to lift the load. After a test lift to a height of 0.1-0.2 m above ground level, the pipe layer (5) checks the reliability of the sling and allows the ring to be delivered to its installation site. Pipelayers (2 and 3), having accepted the reinforced concrete ring of the well, install it on the tray with mortar. After verifying that the ring is installed correctly, it is unslinged and a signal is given to the link members to remove the slings and prepare for the installation of the next ring.

The cement mortar protruding from under the rings (during their installation) is removed, and the seam is thoroughly rubbed inside and outside the well. The correct installation of the rings is checked by level and plumb. The final well installation operations are the installation of the hatch (cage and cover) with the sealing of the cage on the neck with M-50 cement mortar and the installation of a clay castle.

Insulation of reinforced concrete well rings with bitumen is carried out by unit No. 3, consisting of two insulators of the third (1) and second (2) categories.

The insulator (2) heats the bitumen in a mobile boiler, and the insulator (1) prepares the reinforced concrete rings for insulation (cleaning off contaminants, applying a primer, etc.).

After the primer has dried, insulators (1 and 2) use brushes to apply hot bitumen to the inner surface of the rings at a distance of 5 cm from the edges.

After installing the well rings and sealing the joints, insulators (1 and 2) prime the joints and apply bitumen to them.

Hydraulic testing of the well is carried out by link No. 2 by filling it with water and observing its leakage. The preliminary test is carried out before filling the well with soil and is aimed at identifying visible water leaks, and the final test is to determine the amount of leakage, which should not exceed 60 l/day for a given well.

The well is filled with soil in layers using a bulldozer. Each layer is compacted by a pipe layer (4) using a pneumatic rammer.

The completion of the well construction is the installation of a concrete blind area around the neck. The concrete blind area is arranged by concrete workers of unit No. 1 in the following order: concrete worker (2) scatters crushed stone around the neck followed by compaction, and concrete worker (1) lays concrete on the prepared base and levels it.

Schedule for the construction of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1.0 m and a depth of 3.0 m on sewer networks

Note: The labor costs of the truck crane operator are not taken into account in the schedule.

SAFETY

Work in excavations with slopes that have been moistened after soil removal is permitted provided that precautions are taken against soil collapse, namely:

a) a thorough inspection by the workman or foreman before the start of each change in the condition of the soil and its artificial collapse in places where “peaks” and cracks are found at the edges and on the slopes;

b) temporary cessation of work in the excavation until the soil is drained if there is a danger of a collapse;

c) local reduction of the steepness of the slope in areas where work in the excavation is urgent;

d) prohibition of the movement of vehicles and mechanisms within the collapse prism.

When installing a well, a person from among IT R must be appointed, responsible for the safe execution of work on moving and installing loads with cranes.

All lifting mechanisms and devices (crane, slings) must be periodically checked before starting operation, as well as during operation, in accordance with the rules of Gosgortekhnadzor.

When installing well elements, the edges must work on outriggers. The lifting capacity of the slings must correspond to the weight of the load being lifted. Lifting and moving well elements should only be done after checking the correctness and reliability of their slinging. When lifting, moving and lowering the well elements with a crane, it is prohibited for people to remain in the area of ​​its operation; the well elements must not be allowed to be moved above the pipelayers’ workplace. The supplied well element should be lowered above the place of its installation by no more than 30 cm, and only from this position the pipelayers direct it to the design position.

Workers who are at least 18 years old, who have passed a medical examination and trained according to a special program approved by Gosgortekhnadzor and certified by the qualification commission with the issuance of certificates, are allowed to work as a sling operator.

Unslinging the installed well elements is allowed only after they have been firmly and securely fastened. It is prohibited to swing a suspended load and leave it hanging without supervision, as well as to carry out installation in a wind force of more than 6 points.

The operation of a jib crane near power lines is permitted only if the horizontal distance between the extreme point of the mechanism, cargo ropes (cables) or load (at the greatest reach of the working body) and the nearest power line wire is not less than that specified in Table 1.

Permissible horizontal distance from operating machines to power cables

Table 1.

When moving a jib crane, as well as when transporting well elements under the wires of existing power lines, the vertical distance between the highest point of the machine and load being moved and the lowest point of sagging of the wire must be no less than that specified in Table 2.

Permissible vertical distance from the equipment being moved to power cables

Table 2.

Subject to the above breaks, work can be carried out if there is written permission from the electricity supply organization to carry out work in the ohmearly zone and if the crane operator has a permit to carry out work signed by the chief engineer of the SUM. This work must be carried out under the direct supervision of an engineer and technical worker appointed by order and having permission from the State Mining and Technical Supervision Authority.

Loading of rigging equipment exceeding that for which this equipment is approved for operation is not allowed.

Loads must be slinged according to pre-developed schemes.

Lifting loads covered with earth, snow or frozen to the ground is not allowed. It is prohibited to pull (drag) loads with lifting mechanisms by slanting ropes or turning the boom.

It is strictly forbidden to leave lifted loads suspended. Removing hooks from lowered structures is permitted only after installing them in the design position. Moving structures after their installation and removal of gripping devices is prohibited.

The mortar under the installed structures must be laid before the structure is delivered to the place of its installation.

Heating bitumen within wells, trenches and other cramped places is prohibited. Due to the fact that hot bitumen can cause burns if it comes into contact with the human body, even if covered with ordinary cotton fabric, workers must be provided with the following protective clothing and footwear:

a) canvas jackets and trousers (trousers must be wide and worn over the shoulder);

b) leather shoes or boots;

c) canvas mittens:

d) glasses with simple lenses to protect the eyes from accidental splashes of hot mastic.

Overalls must always be in perfect working order. Work without a full set of overalls and shoes is not permitted.

SECTION V.
MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

1. Basic materials and products.

Machinery, equipment and power tools.

Inventory and devices.

Section VI.

SEWER WELL

Notes:

1. When excavating a well, all elements are installed on an M-50 solution.

2. The inner surface of the well is painted to its entire height with hot bitumen 2 times over a primer with a solution of bitumen in gasoline.

3. The diameter of the welded mesh reinforcement is 8 mm, the weight of the mesh is 7.9 kg.

4. The shape of the tray is shown for pipes: incoming D=200 mm, outgoing D=250 mm and attached D=150 mm.

5. The tray is made of M-100 concrete, plastered with cement mortar and reinforced.

the well is primed with a solution of bitumen in gasoline and painted with hot bitumen twice to a height of 1.0 m.

SCHEME OF WORK PRODUCTION WHEN CONSTRUCTION OF WELLS.

Conventions.

2 - Elements of a prefabricated reinforced concrete well;

2 - Elements of a prefabricated reinforced concrete well;

3 - Box with concrete;

4 - Box with solution;

5 - Pit;

7 - Mobile boiler for heating bitumen;

7 - Mobile boiler for heating bitumen;

8 - Container with primer;

10 - Staircase for descending into the pit;

11 - Concrete tray.

Note: See the section along A-A on the next page.

R section A-A

TEMPLATE AND FORMWORK

INSTALLATION DIAGRAM OF FORMWORK AND TEMPLATE WHEN CONSTRUCTING TRAYS

section A-A

from 16 kg

STAIRWAY-LANDSCAPE